WEBVTT 00:04.200 --> 00:07.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% [woman] As Indigenous people, corn in general is very sacred. 00:08.766 --> 00:09.833 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% [Capri] In Arizona, 00:09.833 --> 00:11.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% indigenous corn has provided sustenance 00:11.966 --> 00:14.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% to Native Americans for millennia. 00:14.166 --> 00:17.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% [woman] Sixty-day corn has been keeping us alive 00:17.866 --> 00:20.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% for more than 5,000 years. 00:20.466 --> 00:22.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% [Capri] Its diversity is surprising. 00:23.200 --> 00:27.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% We have over 500 different accessions or varieties of corn. 00:27.000 --> 00:28.100 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% That's a lot of corn. 00:28.100 --> 00:29.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% It's a lot of corn. Right. 00:29.566 --> 00:31.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% [Capri] There have been successful efforts 00:31.333 --> 00:33.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to resurrect ancient varieties. 00:33.033 --> 00:34.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Where did you get this? 00:34.700 --> 00:37.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% It was pretty close to extinct. 00:37.933 --> 00:40.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% [Capri] And there's a passion   here for combining new practices 00:40.500 --> 00:41.433 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% with the old. 00:41.433 --> 00:42.500 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Hmm. 00:42.500 --> 00:43.766 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% Oh, my gosh. 00:43.766 --> 00:45.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I don't even know how to describe it. 00:45.033 --> 00:47.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Such an important story in one bowl. 00:52.466 --> 00:54.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I'm Capri Cafaro and I'm on a mission 00:54.766 --> 00:56.966 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% to uncover the incredible stories 00:56.966 --> 00:58.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% of the foods we grow... 00:59.933 --> 01:01.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% ...harvest, create... 01:03.333 --> 01:05.000 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% ...and celebrate. 01:05.000 --> 01:07.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Beautiful, amazing meal. 01:07.333 --> 01:09.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So, I'm traveling America's backroads 01:09.400 --> 01:11.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to learn our cherished food traditions 01:11.466 --> 01:13.333 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% from those who make them possible... 01:13.333 --> 01:14.833 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% Look at that. 01:14.833 --> 01:16.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% ...and are helping keep them alive. 01:16.800 --> 01:18.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% There is so much more to learn. 01:18.566 --> 01:20.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% [man] It's just a tradition here in this area. 01:20.333 --> 01:21.666 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% -[gunshot] -[woman] Mmm hmm. 01:22.133 --> 01:24.266 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% [Capri] On "America the Bountiful." 01:29.100 --> 01:30.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% [announcer] America's farmers have nourished us 01:30.766 --> 01:32.133 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% for generations, 01:32.133 --> 01:35.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but today they face unprecedented challenges. 01:35.566 --> 01:38.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% American Farmland Trust works with farmers 01:38.300 --> 01:40.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to help save the land that sustains us. 01:40.666 --> 01:43.600 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% Together we can work to keep America bountiful. 01:49.233 --> 01:50.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% [Capri] Corn is a sacred food 01:50.433 --> 01:52.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% for all indigenous tribes of Arizona, 01:52.900 --> 01:55.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Tohono O'odham, Yeome, 01:55.566 --> 01:57.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Navajo and Hopi. 01:59.033 --> 02:02.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Many of the original varieties these tribes once thrived on 02:02.166 --> 02:04.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% were lost since the time of colonization. 02:04.800 --> 02:06.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% But a handful of dedicated farmers 02:06.666 --> 02:09.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and organizations   are carrying on these traditions 02:09.566 --> 02:12.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and creating memorable, ancient and modern foods 02:12.933 --> 02:15.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% from the versatile flour-making maize. 02:16.733 --> 02:18.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Gardener and educator, Maegan Lopez, 02:18.666 --> 02:21.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% as a member of the Tohono O'odham Nation, 02:21.100 --> 02:23.666 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% she helps operate Mission Garden, 02:23.666 --> 02:24.766 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% a diverse collection 02:24.766 --> 02:27.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% of crops and plants representing each era 02:27.566 --> 02:31.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% here in Tucson's birthplace, situated on land 02:31.066 --> 02:33.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% considered sacred to the Tohono O'odham. 02:34.766 --> 02:37.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% So, this is our timeline garden. 02:37.466 --> 02:40.966 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% We call it the post contact 02:40.966 --> 02:43.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% O'odham Garden, or the O'odham Oidak. 02:43.766 --> 02:45.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% That's how we say it in our language. 02:45.600 --> 02:46.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% [Capri] What does that mean? 02:46.566 --> 02:48.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% [Maegan] It means "The People's Garden." 02:48.900 --> 02:50.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% In this particular timeline garden, 02:50.833 --> 02:55.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% we are standing in the 1400s to the 1690s. 02:55.066 --> 02:57.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% This is called the 60-day corn, or Huuni. 02:57.900 --> 03:00.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Huuni is the word for corn. 03:02.366 --> 03:03.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Let's see what we have. 03:03.700 --> 03:04.833 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% We have some hairs. 03:04.833 --> 03:07.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% We have some beautiful kernels. 03:07.433 --> 03:08.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% It's so beautiful. 03:08.433 --> 03:11.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Each individual hair represents a kernel 03:11.166 --> 03:13.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and a potential to be Huuni. 03:13.500 --> 03:14.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% [Capri] I have learned something new. 03:14.933 --> 03:17.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% You think about those fibers when you look at corn. 03:17.966 --> 03:20.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Now I'm going to see them totally differently 03:20.133 --> 03:21.366 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% as a potential kernel. 03:21.366 --> 03:22.166 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5% Yes 03:22.166 --> 03:23.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Now, 60-day corn makes me think 03:23.700 --> 03:25.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that it takes 60 days to grow, right? 03:25.466 --> 03:26.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% [Maegan] That's absolutely right. 03:26.666 --> 03:28.100 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% And with very little water. 03:28.100 --> 03:29.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So, it's considered drought tolerant 03:29.900 --> 03:32.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and grows exponentially well. 03:33.166 --> 03:35.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Tohono O'odham Is our tribal name. 03:35.300 --> 03:38.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In English, it translates to "desert people." 03:38.266 --> 03:41.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% We live in a very biodiverse region. 03:41.400 --> 03:45.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% We call ourselves based on how we've cultivated the land, 03:45.000 --> 03:48.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% how we've lived on the land, how the land has taken care of us. 03:48.100 --> 03:49.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% These are summer crops. 03:49.833 --> 03:53.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% They start growing at the earliest part of summer 03:53.133 --> 03:56.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% through summer's very harsh conditions 03:56.633 --> 03:59.400 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% with full sun, very little water. 03:59.400 --> 04:00.900 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% It does very well. 04:00.900 --> 04:04.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It gives us so much food and it gives us sustenance. 04:04.866 --> 04:07.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It gives our body what it needs. 04:07.166 --> 04:09.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And it's reliable every year. 04:09.666 --> 04:13.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% There's a lot to be said about our connection to the land, 04:13.166 --> 04:16.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to ourselves as people, our identity and our spirit. 04:16.000 --> 04:18.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% I feel like that's captured in these plants. 04:18.800 --> 04:22.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% That kind of sentiment, that almost sacred relationship 04:22.166 --> 04:24.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% between the people and the land. 04:24.533 --> 04:26.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% The 60-day corn, is that something 04:26.366 --> 04:28.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that has been here with people the whole time? 04:28.900 --> 04:29.966 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Yes. 04:29.966 --> 04:33.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Sixty-day corn has been keeping us surviving 04:33.533 --> 04:36.366 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% for more than 5,000 years. 04:36.366 --> 04:40.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It's been cultivated for a very, very, very long time. 04:40.266 --> 04:43.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And we still continue that story so that we can keep 04:43.633 --> 04:46.433 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% passing it on to the new generation. 04:46.433 --> 04:49.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% You use the 60-day corn as part of your diet. 04:49.933 --> 04:54.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% How do you get it from cob to the table? 04:54.500 --> 04:57.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There's a lot of different processes that we do now 04:57.333 --> 04:58.666 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% in modern times, 04:58.666 --> 05:02.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but I can show you one method that we use here at the Garden 05:02.333 --> 05:04.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to interpret what my ancestors 05:04.366 --> 05:07.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and a lot of the people that still live here, 05:07.600 --> 05:09.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% how they still process their corn. 05:10.466 --> 05:13.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% [Capri] The metate is that Tohono O'odham word 05:13.000 --> 05:15.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% for their traditional corn stone grinder. 05:15.800 --> 05:18.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The corn is traditionally roasted in a fire pit 05:18.066 --> 05:20.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% before de-cobbing and grinding. 05:20.000 --> 05:22.400 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% You use all of that energy 05:22.400 --> 05:24.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% in your shoulders and in your arms, 05:24.933 --> 05:29.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and you break it down into broken kernels. 05:29.166 --> 05:30.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% -Can I give this a shot? -Please. 05:30.833 --> 05:33.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I'm going to get my elbow grease into it. 05:33.866 --> 05:35.233 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Okay. 05:35.233 --> 05:38.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% You know, I can actually start to smell this differently 05:38.300 --> 05:40.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% as you're breaking up the kernels. 05:40.600 --> 05:42.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% It's almost like a sweetness. 05:42.033 --> 05:43.333 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Yes. 05:43.333 --> 05:46.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% What would folks be eating 5,000 years ago 05:46.800 --> 05:48.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% made with this corn? 05:48.300 --> 05:52.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% There's a traditional O'odham dish that we call gyoza. 05:52.666 --> 05:56.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Gyoza is the soup that its named for it. 05:56.866 --> 05:59.900 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Very simple, but very old dish 05:59.900 --> 06:01.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that's been a part of the O'odham culture 06:01.766 --> 06:03.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% as long as the corn has existed. 06:10.700 --> 06:13.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% We're going to put this corn that we just ground to good use. 06:13.933 --> 06:19.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Yes. We're going to add it to our already ground garlic salt 06:19.666 --> 06:21.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and then we're going to take it over 06:21.633 --> 06:24.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to this pot of boiling water. 06:24.133 --> 06:26.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And we're going to let it sit on the fire 06:26.166 --> 06:29.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% for about 45 minutes until it's soft. 06:29.533 --> 06:31.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This is the traditional O'odham dish. 06:31.833 --> 06:33.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% It's been here for a very long time, 06:33.700 --> 06:37.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and so it's very basic, basic nutrition that you need. 06:37.733 --> 06:39.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% [Capri] Contact with the Europeans led t o a decline 06:39.966 --> 06:42.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% of these ancient practices and meals. 06:42.066 --> 06:44.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Maegan and others' efforts to share seeds, grow, 06:44.966 --> 06:47.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and prepare these foods are helping bring them back. 06:47.700 --> 06:49.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Doing this today with you 06:49.300 --> 06:51.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and sharing this dish with others 06:51.166 --> 06:54.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% is like, breathing life back into this dish. 06:54.066 --> 06:55.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% So, it looks pretty good. 06:55.466 --> 06:56.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% [Capri] It is looking good. 06:56.633 --> 06:57.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% [Maegan] It's nice and soft, 06:57.666 --> 07:01.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% and it's gone from the tiny little kernels 07:01.600 --> 07:04.800 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% to now full on Gyoza. 07:04.800 --> 07:06.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% [Capri] I'm going to be thinking about your family, 07:06.900 --> 07:08.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% your ancestors, as I eat this. 07:12.766 --> 07:14.066 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Oh, my goodness. 07:14.066 --> 07:17.566 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% You know, when we think about soup 07:17.566 --> 07:20.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% from a Western perspective, we think about broth. 07:20.733 --> 07:22.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% There's no broth in here. 07:22.066 --> 07:25.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% But from the taste, you wouldn't know it, actually. 07:25.666 --> 07:26.966 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% It is soft. 07:26.966 --> 07:29.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% You can really taste those kernels and feel those kernels. 07:29.566 --> 07:33.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% I wanted to show you another dish that we created, 07:33.600 --> 07:38.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and is still created in kitchens on O'odham Nation 07:38.033 --> 07:40.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and throughout the community here in Tucson. 07:40.466 --> 07:42.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% What's that called? It's called Chico? 07:42.166 --> 07:44.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Chico has chili sauce, 07:44.166 --> 07:48.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and it also has tomatoes, garlic and onions. 07:48.366 --> 07:50.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% [Capri] I can smell the chili. 07:50.266 --> 07:54.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% [Maegan] And you can add in the limes, the Chiltepins, 07:54.100 --> 07:55.400 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% cilantro and-- 07:55.400 --> 07:56.400 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% What's Chiltepins? 07:56.400 --> 07:59.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Chiltepins are the mama of all chilies, 07:59.433 --> 08:02.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and they've been growing in this part of the world 08:02.333 --> 08:04.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% for longer than 5,000 years. 08:04.600 --> 08:05.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% [Capri] Chiltepins, okay. 08:05.566 --> 08:08.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% In our language, we call it a'al kokoli. 08:08.533 --> 08:10.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% -These are teeny. -Yes. 08:10.333 --> 08:14.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% So, this little teeny thing is known as the mother of chili? 08:14.233 --> 08:15.666 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% -Okay. -That's right. 08:17.000 --> 08:18.866 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% It starts out mild. 08:18.866 --> 08:20.266 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% There it is. There's the kick. 08:20.266 --> 08:24.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% I bet from what I can see here, 08:24.200 --> 08:26.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% this is going to be an incredible topping-- 08:26.066 --> 08:26.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% [Maegan] That's right. 08:26.733 --> 08:28.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% [Capri] --to the Chico. 08:30.633 --> 08:33.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% It's topped with cilantro, a little lime 08:33.033 --> 08:35.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and a few more Chiltepins for the heat. 08:38.500 --> 08:39.966 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% All right, Chico. 08:43.100 --> 08:44.500 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% What do you think? 08:44.500 --> 08:48.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So, each one of those individual fresh ingredients 08:48.600 --> 08:49.833 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% totally stands out. 08:49.833 --> 08:51.066 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Yes. 08:51.066 --> 08:55.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% That corn is a great canvas for those other ingredients. 08:55.033 --> 08:56.533 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% It's so delicious. 08:56.533 --> 08:59.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Such an important story just in one bowl. 08:59.600 --> 09:01.000 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% -Yes. -Thank you for sharing. 09:01.000 --> 09:03.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And I will definitely carry on that memory 09:03.166 --> 09:04.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% of the Chiltepin with me, 09:04.966 --> 09:06.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% or at least my mouth will. 09:06.200 --> 09:07.533 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% I'm still on fire. 09:10.700 --> 09:13.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Corn varieties from this diverse and arid region 09:13.000 --> 09:15.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% are coming back as a result of seed saving, 09:15.633 --> 09:18.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% a practice followed by dedicated individuals, 09:18.333 --> 09:20.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and also places like Native Seed Search, 09:20.833 --> 09:22.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% a seed conservation organization 09:22.866 --> 09:25.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that collects and preserves species of seeds. 09:28.866 --> 09:31.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Agronomist and educator Andrea Carter 09:31.400 --> 09:33.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% works as a link between the seed bank 09:33.200 --> 09:35.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and small scale farmers in the Southwest. 09:37.133 --> 09:39.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Welcome into the seed lab. 09:39.900 --> 09:42.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% [Capri] You've got a very extensive collection, 09:42.500 --> 09:45.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and it smells incredible in here. 09:45.100 --> 09:46.500 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% [Andrea] It sure does. 09:46.500 --> 09:49.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% [Capri] Native Seeds maintains   nearly 2,000 varieties of crops 09:49.933 --> 09:52.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that have adapted to this landscape 09:52.300 --> 09:55.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% thoroughly representing a cultural and farming legacy 09:55.066 --> 09:56.033 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% of the region. 09:56.033 --> 09:58.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% So, you are really covering the gamut. 09:58.200 --> 09:59.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% I see a lot of corn here. 09:59.866 --> 10:03.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% I want to understand a little bit more about the mission. 10:03.533 --> 10:05.800 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% Why even keep seeds? 10:05.800 --> 10:07.100 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Why catalog them? 10:07.100 --> 10:08.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Good question. Why do we do this? 10:08.866 --> 10:11.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The mission of Native Seeds is to conserve 10:11.133 --> 10:14.400 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% the beautiful and great diversity 10:14.400 --> 10:17.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% of agricultural crops of the Southwest. 10:17.166 --> 10:19.100 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Often folks think of the Southwest, 10:19.100 --> 10:21.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% it's the desert, it's an arid landscape, 10:21.333 --> 10:23.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and there is a lack, potentially, of realization 10:23.966 --> 10:27.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% of the immense diversity and rich agricultural history here 10:27.533 --> 10:28.633 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% that's largely rooted 10:28.633 --> 10:30.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% in the indigenous communities of the region. 10:30.666 --> 10:33.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And by growing them, you're adapting them. 10:33.133 --> 10:34.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Our goal is that these seeds 10:34.566 --> 10:36.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% are actively being grown, saved and shared, 10:36.666 --> 10:38.033 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% and in doing so 10:38.033 --> 10:40.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% you're adapting them to the climate of today. 10:40.366 --> 10:43.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% You're reinvesting them into the communities 10:43.133 --> 10:46.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% so they can be grown today and kind of repopulate. 10:46.100 --> 10:48.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% And then we do partner farmer exchanges 10:48.533 --> 10:50.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% where we provide seeds to growers 10:50.533 --> 10:52.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and do exchanges or contracts with them. 10:52.400 --> 10:55.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Our gardens here are growing, but they're small. 10:55.066 --> 10:57.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% So we work with small scale growers throughout the region. 10:57.966 --> 10:59.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% We'll work on what they're interested in growing, 10:59.633 --> 11:01.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% what they might have a cultural connection to, 11:01.766 --> 11:03.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% what they have experience growing, 11:03.233 --> 11:05.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and then we will send them seeds at no cost, 11:05.833 --> 11:07.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and we ask for a portion of their final harvest 11:07.933 --> 11:10.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to come back to us at the end of the season. 11:10.133 --> 11:13.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And the farmers can retain the majority of their harvest. 11:13.633 --> 11:15.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% [Capri] They have a native access program that ensures 11:15.833 --> 11:18.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% seeds remain accessible to the communities of origin 11:18.766 --> 11:20.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and native individuals of the region, 11:20.833 --> 11:23.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% with corn playing a major part. 11:23.200 --> 11:24.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% I didn't realize 11:24.333 --> 11:27.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% just how many different types of corn there are. 11:27.466 --> 11:29.633 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% A popular one is the Yoeme blue corn. 11:29.633 --> 11:31.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% That was donated to Native Seed Search 11:31.533 --> 11:34.700 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% in the 80s by a woman from Salt River. 11:34.700 --> 11:38.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But she was actually Yoeme and she had 12 ears of this corn 11:38.333 --> 11:40.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that were donated to this organization, 11:40.966 --> 11:43.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and since grown out by some of our partners. 11:43.866 --> 11:46.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% So, we've been trying to steward that seed, 11:46.266 --> 11:48.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% increase its availability and health. 11:48.500 --> 11:49.433 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Where can you find that? 11:49.433 --> 11:52.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% If I wanted to go find Yoeme blue corn, 11:52.866 --> 11:54.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% who would I go talk to? 11:54.033 --> 11:55.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Well, we've got different partner farmers, 11:55.533 --> 11:58.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but one of our favorites is Bill Robinson 11:58.100 --> 11:59.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% up in Casa Grande. 12:01.333 --> 12:04.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% [Capri] Bill Robinson operates the Crazy Chile Farm, 12:04.433 --> 12:06.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a nonprofit enterprise on a stretch of land 12:06.800 --> 12:09.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% owned by the Episcopal Diocese of Arizona. 12:10.333 --> 12:11.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Reverend Canon Debbie Royals 12:11.833 --> 12:14.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% is a Yoeme tribal member and priest in the diocese. 12:17.733 --> 12:20.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% We're all holding some really special corn. 12:20.533 --> 12:23.566 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% And this corn brought the two of you together. 12:23.566 --> 12:25.033 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% How did that happen? 12:25.033 --> 12:28.566 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% We started the Crazy Chile Farm in 2014. 12:28.566 --> 12:30.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Had our first crop in 2015, 12:30.900 --> 12:33.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% so we started growing independently 12:33.600 --> 12:38.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% some varieties of different native maize or corn. 12:38.366 --> 12:40.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% One of them was Yoeme Blue. 12:40.666 --> 12:43.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% After we'd had about two crops of Yoeme blue, 12:43.166 --> 12:44.866 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% it was very successful for us, 12:44.866 --> 12:48.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I ran into Debbie at an Episcopal convention. 12:48.066 --> 12:51.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I found out that she was a Native American Yaqui. 12:51.833 --> 12:55.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% I brought her back some corn meal of the Yoeme blue, 12:55.633 --> 12:59.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and she hadn't had any of that in quite a while, was it Deb? 12:59.066 --> 13:02.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Our people's name is Yoeme in our language. 13:02.200 --> 13:06.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% We grew up with the blue corn as part of our tradition, 13:06.466 --> 13:09.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% so when Bill and I bumped into each other, 13:09.533 --> 13:11.233 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% he brought me the Yoeme blue corn. 13:11.233 --> 13:13.500 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% I was like, "Where did you get this?" 13:13.500 --> 13:17.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Because it was pretty close to extinct. 13:17.366 --> 13:20.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% [Capri] Turns out it was through   a partnership with Native Seeds. 13:20.366 --> 13:23.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% [Bill] What we have done is we've grown enough of it 13:23.300 --> 13:26.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that we have been able to return the seed ten times over 13:26.666 --> 13:28.033 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% to Native Seed Search 13:28.033 --> 13:29.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% to increase the size of their seed bank. 13:29.966 --> 13:31.333 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Okay. 13:31.333 --> 13:34.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% That triggered an idea for us and it changed the whole format 13:34.833 --> 13:36.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% of what we do at the Crazy Chile Farm. 13:36.733 --> 13:41.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Right now we do about 90% of our business 13:41.100 --> 13:43.266 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% growing and redistributing 13:43.266 --> 13:46.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% different varieties of native seeds 13:46.433 --> 13:48.900 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% to tribes in four different states 13:48.900 --> 13:53.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona. 13:53.166 --> 13:54.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% [Capri] Debbie leads the diocesan Council 13:54.933 --> 13:57.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% for Native American Ministry. 13:57.500 --> 13:59.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Historically, the church had strained relations 13:59.666 --> 14:00.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% with the Native people here 14:00.833 --> 14:04.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% due to the legacy of the Zionist nation. 14:04.100 --> 14:06.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And the whole goal of our Council 14:06.400 --> 14:08.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% for Native American Ministry in this diocese 14:08.900 --> 14:12.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% is now looking at ways to build relationships. 14:12.100 --> 14:15.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The whole movement of seed sovereignty 14:15.333 --> 14:16.400 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% is empowerment, 14:16.400 --> 14:19.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% is bringing back the traditions to the people. 14:19.400 --> 14:22.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% So you really get an experience when you're eating 14:22.666 --> 14:24.466 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% our traditional ways 14:24.466 --> 14:27.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% of what is going on in the land that you're living in 14:27.166 --> 14:28.533 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% at that time. 14:28.533 --> 14:31.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So, you're really taking in that life and giving that life back. 14:31.866 --> 14:33.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% [Capri] Debbie chases a childhood memory 14:33.566 --> 14:35.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% of her grandmother's blue corn cakes, 14:35.333 --> 14:38.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% which she tries to recreate using this corn. 14:38.366 --> 14:41.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% To get there, it must be processed first. 14:41.066 --> 14:43.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% How are we going to get these kernels off the cob? 14:43.233 --> 14:45.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% We use a process called shelling, 14:45.566 --> 14:49.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and these two instruments here are called corn shells. 14:49.833 --> 14:52.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The one that we're using was made in 1901 14:52.866 --> 14:55.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% by the Little Giant corn company. 14:55.333 --> 14:59.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And we're going to turn it in a clockwise direction. 14:59.633 --> 15:00.533 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Okay. 15:00.533 --> 15:02.633 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% If it works absolutely perfectly, 15:02.633 --> 15:05.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% the cob should spit out here. 15:05.200 --> 15:11.133 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% [spinning] 15:11.133 --> 15:12.400 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5% Ha! 15:13.433 --> 15:14.533 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% You know what? 15:14.533 --> 15:16.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Pretty much all of the kernels came off the cob. 15:16.300 --> 15:19.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% so in 1901, you're good to go. 15:19.333 --> 15:21.100 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Absolutely. Here we go. 15:21.100 --> 15:24.000 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% [spinning] 15:24.000 --> 15:25.266 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% [Capri] Oh, hey. 15:25.266 --> 15:26.633 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Hey, there it is. 15:26.633 --> 15:27.733 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Let me give this a shot. 15:27.733 --> 15:31.400 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% [spinning] 15:31.400 --> 15:33.033 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% -Yay! -All right. 15:33.033 --> 15:34.966 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% I feel accomplished. 15:34.966 --> 15:36.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% I feel accomplished. 15:36.266 --> 15:41.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% So, what happens now once you get the kernels off the cob? 15:41.700 --> 15:45.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% We package it in jars until we ship it. 15:45.333 --> 15:46.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% [Capri] Bill's operation works 15:46.600 --> 15:49.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% by sending out seeds for free to people who request them 15:49.566 --> 15:52.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and want to grow the ancient varieties. 15:52.333 --> 15:55.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He covers all the costs with his profitable chili crop. 15:55.633 --> 15:57.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% There is product left over. 15:57.800 --> 16:01.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We process it ourselves and we make blue cornmeal. 16:01.933 --> 16:03.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% [Capri] And blue cornmeal can be used for a lot of things. 16:03.866 --> 16:05.866 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% It can be used in cooking. 16:05.866 --> 16:08.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Bill processes the cornmeal by grinding the kernels 16:08.566 --> 16:11.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in a commercial food processor, so that cooks like Debbie 16:11.300 --> 16:14.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% can use it to cook a wide variety of traditional dishes. 16:14.400 --> 16:16.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Thanks for letting me help you make these blue corn cakes. 16:16.666 --> 16:17.866 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% What's already in this bowl? 16:17.866 --> 16:20.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So, I put some butter, some milk 16:20.200 --> 16:23.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and some eggs, and a little bit of almond flour. 16:23.333 --> 16:26.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I'm trying to get back to being as close 16:26.066 --> 16:31.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to what my grandmother's bread looked like and tasted and like. 16:31.000 --> 16:32.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Not having her here with me 16:32.566 --> 16:35.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% means that we're always experimenting. 16:35.566 --> 16:36.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% [Capri] When Debbie was a child, 16:36.900 --> 16:40.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% her family grew, harvested and processed their own corn. 16:40.700 --> 16:43.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% [Debbie] So, we're going to use this to make some corn cakes. 16:43.633 --> 16:45.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% We want it to be a little bit thick, 16:45.333 --> 16:48.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but we want it to also be loose enough that it will pour. 16:48.300 --> 16:49.233 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% [Capri] Okay. 16:51.833 --> 16:55.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% You can definitely start to smell that earthy tone. 16:55.266 --> 16:56.566 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5% Right. 16:56.566 --> 16:58.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% That's my grandmother's kitchen. 16:58.833 --> 17:01.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And I'm so convinced that if we can get our people 17:01.966 --> 17:03.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% to start eating more traditionally 17:03.866 --> 17:08.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and to deassimilate their way of cooking, 17:08.200 --> 17:09.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% go more natural, 17:09.433 --> 17:11.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that we are going to see better health. 17:14.266 --> 17:15.600 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% These are perfect. 17:15.600 --> 17:17.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% So, now you have to taste it. 17:17.000 --> 17:18.000 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% [Capri] I am ready. 17:18.000 --> 17:19.066 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% Twist my arm. 17:19.066 --> 17:21.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% I cannot wait to try these. 17:21.000 --> 17:22.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% These are so good. 17:22.566 --> 17:24.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I'm going to get at the scraps first. 17:24.733 --> 17:25.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% That's the best part, right? 17:25.833 --> 17:27.533 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% The little crunchy ends. 17:28.633 --> 17:30.533 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% And crunchy it is. 17:30.533 --> 17:31.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And the nuttiness, right? 17:31.966 --> 17:34.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% There's a different, consistency to it 17:34.566 --> 17:36.533 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% because of the cornmeal. 17:36.533 --> 17:37.266 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5% Right. 17:37.266 --> 17:38.500 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% But it's rich. 17:38.500 --> 17:43.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And you can tell how it could change its flavor profile 17:43.500 --> 17:45.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% depending on whether it was paired 17:45.033 --> 17:46.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% with something sweet or something savory. 17:46.600 --> 17:47.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Or if you just wanted to put 17:47.833 --> 17:49.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a little bit of butter on top of it. 17:49.400 --> 17:50.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% I think these are great plain. 17:50.633 --> 17:51.466 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5% Right. 17:51.466 --> 17:52.466 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% Well, yeah. 17:52.466 --> 17:54.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% -You don't save the seed. -Right. 17:54.800 --> 17:57.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% You don't have that quintessential ingredient 17:57.600 --> 17:59.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to continue to make this food 17:59.600 --> 18:01.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that reminds you of your grandmother. 18:01.400 --> 18:02.733 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5% Right. 18:02.733 --> 18:05.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% This is really like just being in the kitchen with her again 18:05.033 --> 18:06.133 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% all over again. 18:06.133 --> 18:08.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% There have been times that I thought to myself, 18:08.166 --> 18:09.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% "I wonder what my grandmother would do." 18:09.933 --> 18:13.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Remembering the flavor. Remembering the smell. 18:13.400 --> 18:15.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Remembering the texture and consistency. 18:15.733 --> 18:18.166 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% So, I hope you enjoy these. 18:18.166 --> 18:19.366 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% I absolutely enjoyed them. 18:19.366 --> 18:21.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And you know, you brought up on very good point. 18:21.533 --> 18:24.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Always ask yourself, "What would grandma do?" 18:24.800 --> 18:27.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% I think that's a very good lesson to learn 18:27.666 --> 18:29.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% in the kitchen and in life. 18:29.533 --> 18:30.266 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% All the time. 18:30.266 --> 18:32.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Let's respect our elders. 18:32.466 --> 18:33.833 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Absolutely. And carry on their traditions. 18:33.833 --> 18:35.333 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% Amen. Amen. 18:37.166 --> 18:38.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% [Capri] Blue corn cakes 18:38.166 --> 18:39.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% have a long tradition in this region, 18:39.900 --> 18:42.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and they've evolved into some playful modern recipes, 18:42.900 --> 18:45.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% like the blue corn cookies from Rochelle Garcia, 18:45.966 --> 18:47.933 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% who runs Blue Corn Custom Designs 18:47.933 --> 18:49.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% outside of Phenix. 18:49.133 --> 18:51.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% [Rochelle] Today we're making blue corn cookies. 18:51.466 --> 18:52.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% It's a wonderful spinoff 18:52.966 --> 18:55.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% from the more traditional one that you see here, 18:55.933 --> 18:57.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% which is the blue corn cake. 18:58.633 --> 19:00.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% With us as indigenous people, 19:00.133 --> 19:02.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% corn in general is a very sacred. 19:02.366 --> 19:06.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% A lot of these foods are more commonly seen during ceremonies, 19:06.333 --> 19:08.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% during celebrations as well. 19:08.266 --> 19:11.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% So you're bringing those roots of the ancestors back 19:11.600 --> 19:14.200 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% for today's indigenous communities? 19:14.200 --> 19:15.233 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% Oh, yes. 19:15.233 --> 19:17.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And we feel like it's a really important time 19:17.966 --> 19:19.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to be able to do that today. 19:19.266 --> 19:20.533 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% This is something 19:20.533 --> 19:22.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that you would more commonly see your grandmother making. 19:22.933 --> 19:25.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% But how can we begin to talk about that 19:25.200 --> 19:26.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and also put a spin on it, 19:26.733 --> 19:29.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% so that it's interesting for the younger generation? 19:31.266 --> 19:33.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% [Capri] I'd love to see these cookies. 19:33.800 --> 19:35.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% First of all, how do you make these? 19:35.600 --> 19:38.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Well, what makes this different compared to the traditional 19:38.433 --> 19:39.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% is this does require butter. 19:39.700 --> 19:40.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% [Capri] And a whole stick of butter? 19:40.900 --> 19:43.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% A whole stick of butter, yes, yes. 19:43.166 --> 19:47.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% We use the brown sugar as well as the regular sugar cane here. 19:47.633 --> 19:50.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% If you can go ahead and grab one cup of flour 19:50.566 --> 19:52.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and then you can just add it to this bowl. 19:52.500 --> 19:57.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I'm going to add a half a teaspoon of the sugar cane, 19:57.066 --> 19:59.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and then I'm going to add some brown sugar. 20:00.400 --> 20:02.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And then we're going to begin to mix it here. 20:08.100 --> 20:09.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% We're going to add an egg. 20:12.266 --> 20:14.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% You know, we're just inspired by blue corn in general 20:14.800 --> 20:17.133 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% in the sense that it's good for us. 20:17.133 --> 20:18.300 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5% Right. 20:18.300 --> 20:20.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% But also the fact that it connects us to our roots. 20:20.466 --> 20:21.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% It connects us to our elders. 20:21.833 --> 20:24.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% It connects us to our grandparents 20:24.000 --> 20:25.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% who who used to prepare this. 20:25.900 --> 20:27.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So, now that we mix the flour here, 20:27.933 --> 20:31.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the next step is to add the blue cornmeal. 20:31.000 --> 20:33.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% We have two types of blue cornmeal 20:33.566 --> 20:35.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and we're going to add one cup. 20:35.366 --> 20:38.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And then if you want to go ahead and grab the juniper ash, 20:38.166 --> 20:40.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% we're going to add two teaspoons. 20:40.633 --> 20:41.333 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% I can smell it. 20:41.333 --> 20:42.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% It's kind of fragrant. 20:42.966 --> 20:45.066 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% I mean, when you think about Juniper Berry 20:45.066 --> 20:46.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and it is kind of fragrant. 20:46.666 --> 20:48.333 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% Interesting. 20:48.333 --> 20:50.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Juniper Ash was traditionally added 20:50.233 --> 20:52.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to enhance the rich blue color 20:52.066 --> 20:54.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and also provide calcium in pre-contact days. 20:54.933 --> 20:57.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We're going to go ahead and give those a nice mix. 20:57.566 --> 21:00.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Tell me about the stirring sticks. 21:00.000 --> 21:02.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% [Rochelle] When I think of these stirring sticks, 21:02.366 --> 21:04.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% I like to remember my grandmother. 21:04.266 --> 21:06.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% I like to remember my mom. 21:06.000 --> 21:09.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I like to remember the ceremonies we participated in 21:09.333 --> 21:12.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and how it was really community based. 21:12.033 --> 21:14.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% These stirring sticks came from my grandmother. 21:14.466 --> 21:17.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% You know, you're almost communicating 21:17.700 --> 21:20.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that intergenerational experience 21:20.266 --> 21:24.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and bringing those sentiments directly into the food. 21:24.033 --> 21:25.366 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% Oh, yes, definitely. 21:25.366 --> 21:28.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% You really have to have a very clear mindset. 21:28.500 --> 21:31.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Your energy has to be in the right stages 21:31.700 --> 21:33.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% in order to prepare foods. 21:33.733 --> 21:35.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% [Capri] She always uses her stirring sticks 21:35.866 --> 21:39.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in a clockwise motion, simulating the cycle of life. 21:39.500 --> 21:40.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% So, what's next? 21:40.833 --> 21:43.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% This is baking soda, so we're going to put half a teaspoon. 21:45.200 --> 21:47.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% -There you go. -Perfect. 21:47.166 --> 21:50.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Two pinches of cinnamon. 21:50.800 --> 21:53.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And now once we have all our dry ingredients together, 21:53.666 --> 21:56.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% we're going to begin to add it here. 21:56.300 --> 21:57.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% [Capri] Rochelle bakes for clients often 21:57.966 --> 22:00.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% for ceremonies and special occasions. 22:00.200 --> 22:02.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% She believes strongly   in the importance of the energy 22:02.866 --> 22:04.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% she puts into her creations 22:04.400 --> 22:08.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and begins each day with   an offering that includes corn. 22:08.400 --> 22:09.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% [Rochelle] I find the morning to be best, 22:09.933 --> 22:12.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% especially after I do my offerings in the morning. 22:12.933 --> 22:15.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It allows me that time to be in the kitchen, 22:15.600 --> 22:17.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% putting forth the right energy. 22:22.366 --> 22:24.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So, now we're just going to flatten it out. 22:24.300 --> 22:26.533 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% What you see is the beautiful color in this. 22:26.533 --> 22:27.600 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% It's gorgeous. 22:27.600 --> 22:28.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% It's that juniper ash. 22:28.966 --> 22:31.100 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% You get this beautiful blue color. 22:32.100 --> 22:35.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% [Capri] I'm so inspired by what you're describing 22:35.400 --> 22:40.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and the role that corn has in your community and in your life 22:40.366 --> 22:44.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and how you're able to capture that and pass that on. 22:44.600 --> 22:47.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% A lot of times I don't consider this a business. 22:47.366 --> 22:51.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% It really just is a passion and really community driven. 22:51.266 --> 22:53.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% How long do you put these in the oven for? 22:53.100 --> 22:55.133 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% For about 15 minutes. 22:55.133 --> 22:57.166 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% 325 degrees. 22:59.000 --> 23:00.566 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% In the oven it goes. 23:04.633 --> 23:06.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% I know you have some tea over here. 23:06.500 --> 23:08.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% [Rochelle] Oh, yes, the tea pairs very well, 23:08.766 --> 23:10.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and we're going to go ahead and get some brewed. 23:10.400 --> 23:12.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Once the water boils, we're going to go ahead 23:12.933 --> 23:14.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and put one of these bundles in there. 23:14.600 --> 23:16.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And what what is in here? 23:16.100 --> 23:16.933 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% Dandelions. 23:16.933 --> 23:18.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% They're very beautiful. 23:18.266 --> 23:20.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And that's the first of the harvest for this season. 23:20.933 --> 23:23.533 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% So, this one grew on the Navajo Nation. 23:23.533 --> 23:24.500 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Okay. 23:24.500 --> 23:27.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% When we think the Navajo tea, Hopi tea, 23:27.133 --> 23:28.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% we think of our grandmothers. 23:30.166 --> 23:32.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% [Capri] The strength of spirituality 23:32.233 --> 23:33.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% comes from her grandfather, 23:33.733 --> 23:36.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% the medicine man who came from a long line of healers. 23:36.666 --> 23:39.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% The goal of his was to really share 23:39.233 --> 23:42.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and let us know how important plants are. 23:42.466 --> 23:44.500 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Every plant has an indigenous name, 23:44.500 --> 23:45.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% so when you're gathering it, 23:45.666 --> 23:49.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% again, going back to being in that state of mind 23:49.233 --> 23:52.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% where you're respecting enough 23:52.033 --> 23:54.400 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% because again, it's returning, 23:54.400 --> 23:55.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and it's going to do good for you. 23:58.400 --> 24:00.266 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% Tea is ready. 24:00.266 --> 24:02.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% [Capri] It's a really rich red. 24:06.533 --> 24:09.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Mmm. I could see how that could 24:09.000 --> 24:11.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% definitely settle the stomach. 24:11.266 --> 24:12.966 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% Mmm-hmm. 24:12.966 --> 24:14.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Kind of a sleepy time tea as well. 24:14.466 --> 24:16.733 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% Like, very relaxing. 24:16.733 --> 24:18.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% You unwind from the day. 24:18.500 --> 24:22.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% You have a minute to yourself to sort of reflect. 24:22.766 --> 24:25.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I get all of that just in this cup of tea. 24:25.300 --> 24:26.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Yeah, I mean, you're right. You're right. 24:26.800 --> 24:29.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% This is something you definitely can relax to. 24:30.366 --> 24:33.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% I do have some cookies here that are done cooling. 24:36.733 --> 24:37.466 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% Mmm. 24:38.233 --> 24:40.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% It's just sweet enough. 24:40.300 --> 24:42.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And it's tastes even better when you dip it in the tea. 24:45.500 --> 24:48.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Hmm. Oh, my gosh. 24:48.900 --> 24:50.166 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% That is really interesting. 24:50.166 --> 24:51.933 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% It brings out a different flavor. 24:51.933 --> 24:53.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% A little bit sweeter. 24:53.266 --> 24:56.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I feel the powerfulness of all of this coming together, 24:56.900 --> 24:59.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% mixing the importance of the corn, 24:59.066 --> 25:00.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% the importance of this tea. 25:00.533 --> 25:04.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% What it means to you and your family and the generations. 25:04.400 --> 25:06.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% You can taste it. You can feel it. 25:06.666 --> 25:09.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And I'm so honored that you would share this with me. 25:09.400 --> 25:11.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% You do a great job bringing it all together 25:11.600 --> 25:14.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and educating young people, which is so important 25:14.466 --> 25:16.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% because that's how tradition lives on. 25:16.166 --> 25:18.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% That's how culture continues. 25:18.700 --> 25:20.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And that's why it's really important for me 25:20.300 --> 25:21.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to share that with our youth, 25:21.633 --> 25:23.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% within our own family and our community, 25:23.633 --> 25:26.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% so everybody's able to experience this 25:26.766 --> 25:28.800 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% and to be connected. 25:28.800 --> 25:30.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So, you're rediscovering your roots> 25:30.466 --> 25:31.433 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% I am. 25:31.433 --> 25:32.533 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% One dunk at a time. 25:32.533 --> 25:33.433 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% Oh, yes. 25:36.633 --> 25:38.000 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% [Capri] Reconnecting with roots 25:38.000 --> 25:40.600 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% and reestablishing nearly lost traditions 25:40.600 --> 25:41.800 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% is a theme found 25:41.800 --> 25:44.533 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% throughout the indigenous communities of Arizona. 25:44.533 --> 25:46.233 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% And it's no better demonstrated than through 25:46.233 --> 25:49.266 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% the modern revitalization of indigenous core. 25:49.266 --> 25:53.433 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% This most sacred of ancient crops. 25:53.433 --> 25:54.733 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% But why take my word for it, 25:56.166 --> 25:58.766 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% when you can come experience it for yourself. 25:59.700 --> 26:04.100 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% "America The Bountiful" is waiting for you and me. 26:06.533 --> 26:09.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% For more information visit Americathebountifulshow.com. 26:14.100 --> 26:15.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% [announcer] America's farmers have nourished us 26:15.533 --> 26:17.066 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% for generations, 26:17.066 --> 26:20.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but today they face unprecedented challenges. 26:20.666 --> 26:23.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% American Farmland Trust works with farmers 26:23.166 --> 26:25.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to help save the land that sustains us. 26:25.433 --> 26:28.400 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% Together we can work to keep America bountiful.