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(ominous music)

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- [Jane] Imagine the power 
of still photographic images,

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moments frozen in time

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that can change the way we 
perceive our place in the world.

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(somber music)

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(dramatic music)

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"To The Ends of the Earth" 
isn't a new concept.

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It began when people 
first started looking

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beyond the next ridge, 
the next valley,

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to the lands beyond 
the mountains.

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They searched for the 
unknown, the unexpected,

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the surprising.

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To map, catalog, 
and show to others.

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Each explorer searched in their 
own way, to push boundaries,

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expanding and sharing knowledge

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of what existed in 
the great beyond.

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Here you will see through 
a photographic vision,

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a story for the 
ends of the earth,

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photographs by Todd Gustafson, 
a lifelong personal search

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for the dramatic 
and the unexpected.

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Traveling the world for decades,

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capturing intimate, 
natural history moments,

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and dramatic wildlife action,

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Todd has brought to the viewer 
images from East Africa,

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Brazil, Namibia, 
Patagonia, Rwanda,

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the Galapagos Islands, 
India, Costa Rica,

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Madagascar, and the ocean realm,

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revealing common threads 
that exist between humanity

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and the natural world that 
forever bind our fates together.

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Ancient mapmakers could 
only present what they knew.

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Beyond the edge of the 
map was the unknown,

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inhabited by 
monsters and dragons.

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Todd still pursues dragons 
in his personal search

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for the ends of the earth.

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(dramatic music)

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Through Todd's lens, we see 
a vanishing natural world.

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We can see a world we 
have the power to protect.

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We have a collective voice

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that can change the 
cause of destruction

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to one of stability and rebirth.

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"To The Ends of the Earth"

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is more than a magnificent 
collection of wildlife photos.

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Todd's photographs allow us 
to experience vicariously

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the very behaviors 
people most wanna see.

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(dramatic music)

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(birds tweeting)

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- Birds are fascinating.

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They have feathers.

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(calming music)

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They preen.

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They display.

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(calming music)

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They have beaks.

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And they have bills.

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They fly.

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(birds squawking)

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They fly.

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(calming music)

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(birds gobbling)

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They make nests, lay eggs,

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and have chicks.

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And they're a challenge 
and a joy to photograph.

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(birds tweeting)

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Each of these photos 
had a challenge

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of capturing the decisive moment

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to make it more impactful

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than simply a picture 
of a pretty bird.

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East Africa has a bevy of 
species that use their tails

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as the primary way 
to attract females.

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Displaying birds opt for a perch

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that can be easily seen.

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Here, a red bishop displays 
to attract a female.

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She likes what she sees, and 
the mating ritual continues.

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Again, capturing 
those elusive moments

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is a photographer's challenge.

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(calming music)

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A related and even more 
challenging subject

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is the red-cowled widowbird.

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In mating season, males grow 
long black tail feathers.

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They fly from perch to 
perch looking for females.

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When they have their attention,

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they shake those feathers 
in an intricate display.

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(calming music)

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If the females are interested,

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the male flies near and adds 
his wings to the display.

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It is a feeling of 
joy and accomplishment

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to make a storytelling image

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from a single still 
photographic moment.

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(birds tweeting)

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(calming music)

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Here's the fan-tailed widowbird.

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I think you can see 
where it got its name.

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The male's technique is to 
find the best vantage point

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from which to display

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and spread his tail 
feathers like a fan.

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(calming music)

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Interested females come close

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and wait for the male 
to make his move.

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(calming music)

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More elegant and 
certainly more dramatic

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is the pin-tailed whydah.

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Males grow four tail feathers,

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which they meticulously groom.

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(calming music)

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They call and wait for 
females to respond.

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When they do, the males 
fly through the air,

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foregoing perches,

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and hover in front of the female

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with an acrobatic series 
of bobbing, floating,

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and tail displaying.

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(calming music)

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There's a small track in 
Tanzania's Ngorongoro Crater

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that I've been down 
countless times.

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This time, I saw 
a quick movement

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out of the corner of my eye.

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It happened again and again.

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Jackson's widowbirds, I'd seen 
a drawing in a book in 1986,

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and I thought, if I could 
ever see a bird like that,

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well, here they 
are, scores of them.

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There's a definite 
pattern to their display.

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The main part is simply 
jumping as high as possible

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while floating above the ground.

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Use your wings to right yourself 
and land in the same spot.

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Do this over and over again

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till it's some unseen signal 
all the birds in the lek

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fly to perches,

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sing, and display the 
beautiful black tail feathers.

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(birds tweeting)

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Then hope for a 
female to be attracted

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to the amazing jumping 
and singing skills,

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and start the whole 
process over again.

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The king of all 
tail-displaying birds

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might be India's peacock.

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The tail feathers can 
be as long as five feet.

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Not only is the 
display impressive,

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but their haunting calls 
echo through the forest

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and can be heard from miles.

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Peacock search for small 
groups of pea hens,

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call, and fan their 
dramatic feathers.

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When serious, the male 
shakes those feathers,

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creating a penetrating 
rattling sound.

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(peacocks squawking)

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They spin and use 
the spread feathers

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to herd females 
into a tight group.

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(peacocks squawking)

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When the display is over,

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the feathers are 
carefully tucked away

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to be used again another day.

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Africa's kori bustard, 
weighing in at 42 pounds,

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is the heaviest 
bird that can fly.

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They pace the savanna 
searching for food.

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They're fastidious 
about their feathers,

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and use their beaks to 
straighten the neck, breast,

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tail and wing feathers.

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The male kori bustard

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boasts one of the most dramatic 
neck displays on earth.

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In mating season,

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they choose a location 
from which to display

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and puff up their 
white feathered neck.

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It can be seen from 
great distance,

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but it's not only 
about the visual.

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When they puff and 
release their neck pouch,

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the low frequency boom can 
attract females from miles away.

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After calling, the kori 
bustard looks around

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to see if any females 
are interested.

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We've seen the kori 
bustard in Tanzania,

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the heaviest bird that can fly,

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expand his neck to 
huge proportions,

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and a thumping boom 
as he releases the air

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to attract females.

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You can see it, you can hear it.

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And we've come halfway 
around the planet

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to the western hemisphere, 
Northern Colorado,

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for the sage-grouse.

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Look at the sage all around.

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They come to the lek to dance

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and do their neck display.

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In this hemisphere, 
they're the king.

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In the American 
west, during the day,

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sage-grouse stay out of sight

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and forage in the sage 
for food and water.

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When the first light 
of pre-dawn hits,

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male sage-grouse gather in 
open meadows called leks,

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to perform their 
intricate booming calls.

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Lek is a Swedish word, 
meaning dance or play.

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The day begins with males 
strutting and displaying

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to other males.

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When females enter the lek,

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the activity levels 
multiply tenfold.

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Males display their 
intricate tail patterns,

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their massive 
feather-covered necks.

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But the most dramatic 
part of the dance

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is when they inflate two 
air sacks in their necks

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and execute a complex three-part 
call and neck display.

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(birds gobble)

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They spin as they call

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to make sure all the 
females in the area

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can see their marvelous display.

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(birds gobble)

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The plains of mid- 
and western America

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are home to prairie chickens.

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Each spring, they gather on leks

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to perform their 
annual mating dances.

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Such an intrinsic part 
of the American West

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that many Native American 
tribes have versions of dance

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that imitate these birds.

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Males display by throwing 
their heads forward,

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making a haunting call

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and filling out a dramatic 
orange throat sack.

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They bend to the ground, 
lift their rabbit-like ears,

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fan their tail,

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and rapidly stamp their feet 
to gain the female's attention.

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All the action takes place

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in the pre-dawn and 
first light of day.

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As two males approach each 
other in full display,

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I prepare myself for a 
possible aerial battle.

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I choose a little bit wider lens

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to give space as 
the birds leap, flap

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and kick at their opponents.

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(calming music)

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Imagine trying to capture 
the peak of action

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in this situation.

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When females are on the lek,

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multiple males show 
off their plumage.

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(calming music)

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One of the earth's 
imperiled habitats

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is the pine oak barrens,

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a biome based on 
dunes and sandy soil.

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The barrens support jack pine, 
red oak, willow, and hazel,

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which in turn provide 
an ideal habitat

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for the sharp-tailed grouse.

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At first glance, you 
might think they seem like

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just another version 
of the prairie chicken.

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Well, you would be wrong.

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They are as different as can be.

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They don't inflate

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and hold the purple neck pouch 
like the prairie chickens do.

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They simply puff them 
out and contract.

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They don't have tall ears.

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Instead, they have beautiful 
orange gold eyebrows.

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Most importantly,

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their calls are less plaintiff 
than prairie chickens,

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and their primary 
advertisement for mating

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is a mechanical rattling 
sounds that emanates

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from their tail feathers being 
shaken and rubbed together.

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(birds cooing)

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(birds rattling and tweeting)

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It is easy to see

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how this behavior inspired 
Blackfeet, Chippewa, Shoshone,

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and other Native 
American tribal dancing.

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Let's change latitude and 
journey to Central America,

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8,000 feet up in the cloud 
forests of Costa Rica.

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(birds tweeting)

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Here, we can observe 
the mating calls

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of the three-wattled bellbird.

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During mating season,

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they come to this 
area of Costa Rica

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00:22:13,733 --> 00:22:16,166
from different countries 
and elevations.

259
00:22:17,533 --> 00:22:19,600
More often heard than seen,

260
00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:21,166
the male bellbirds' call

261
00:22:21,166 --> 00:22:23,866
echoes through the 
misty cloud forest.

262
00:22:23,866 --> 00:22:26,966
Two females are attracted by 
the insistent metallic call.

263
00:22:35,433 --> 00:22:37,466
Their calls are loud.

264
00:22:44,266 --> 00:22:47,633
His mustache-like wattles 
are another important part

265
00:22:47,633 --> 00:22:49,366
of the male's courting behavior.

266
00:22:58,633 --> 00:23:00,800
Returning to the 
western United States,

267
00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:04,000
we have Western 
and Clark's grebes.

268
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:06,200
Their lovely white 
necks and black crowns

269
00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:07,466
give them a jaunty feel

270
00:23:07,466 --> 00:23:09,800
as they glide across 
ponds and lakes.

271
00:23:13,266 --> 00:23:15,400
These two species 
share one of nature's

272
00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:17,700
most dramatic 
courtship behaviors.

273
00:23:19,066 --> 00:23:20,600
A single male will call

274
00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:23,533
as it glides into an 
area with other males.

275
00:23:23,533 --> 00:23:26,333
(birds tweeting)

276
00:23:34,733 --> 00:23:36,666
He's searching for 
someone to challenge

277
00:23:36,666 --> 00:23:38,366
in a behavior called rushing.

278
00:23:40,700 --> 00:23:42,266
If the males know each other,

279
00:23:42,266 --> 00:23:44,600
they take a slow stroll 
across the water.

280
00:23:49,466 --> 00:23:51,833
But if the situation is right,

281
00:23:51,833 --> 00:23:53,933
they'll have a nervous face off

282
00:23:53,933 --> 00:23:56,500
where they stretch 
out their necks, call,

283
00:23:56,500 --> 00:23:58,733
and flick water left and right.

284
00:23:58,733 --> 00:24:01,366
(birds tweeting)

285
00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:15,566
At some unknown signal, 
both birds rise up

286
00:24:15,566 --> 00:24:17,133
and begin rushing,

287
00:24:17,133 --> 00:24:20,100
an event where the birds use 
only their specialized feet

288
00:24:20,100 --> 00:24:22,766
to glide over the 
top of the water.

289
00:24:22,766 --> 00:24:24,533
They don't use their wings,

290
00:24:24,533 --> 00:24:26,666
and their heads are 
perfectly still.

291
00:24:28,900 --> 00:24:31,233
The feet are what make 
this behavior possible.

292
00:24:36,133 --> 00:24:39,366
Here, we see how a western 
grebe carefully grooms

293
00:24:39,366 --> 00:24:41,433
and stretches his 
specialized feet.

294
00:24:45,266 --> 00:24:47,233
A Clark's grebe does the same.

295
00:24:51,866 --> 00:24:55,033
(calming music)

296
00:24:55,033 --> 00:24:56,666
Even a juvenile does it.

297
00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:02,066
Part of the mating ritual

298
00:25:02,066 --> 00:25:04,733
is the feeding of a fresh 
caught fish to a mate.

299
00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:23,766
The couple will then 
dive, come up with reeds,

300
00:25:23,766 --> 00:25:26,600
and perform an 
elegant nesting dance.

301
00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:29,300
(calming music)

302
00:25:37,766 --> 00:25:40,200
It is beautiful when 
they finally touch,

303
00:25:40,200 --> 00:25:41,966
bumping each other's chests.

304
00:25:47,566 --> 00:25:50,533
Next is mating 
and nest building.

305
00:25:58,533 --> 00:26:01,100
Followed by new chicks.

306
00:26:01,100 --> 00:26:02,733
Both parents care for the young

307
00:26:02,733 --> 00:26:04,966
by having them ride 
on their backs.

308
00:26:13,733 --> 00:26:16,366
Parents catch and 
feed them fish.

309
00:26:16,366 --> 00:26:19,300
An interesting addition 
to the chick's diet

310
00:26:19,300 --> 00:26:21,366
is called feather feeding.

311
00:26:21,366 --> 00:26:24,666
The parents preen and 
feed the chick's feathers

312
00:26:24,666 --> 00:26:26,166
to coat their stomachs

313
00:26:26,166 --> 00:26:30,133
so they're protected from 
sharp fish scales and bones.

314
00:26:30,133 --> 00:26:33,033
(calming music)

315
00:26:33,033 --> 00:26:35,900
(chicks tweeting)

316
00:28:11,266 --> 00:28:13,633
The saying, "birds of a 
feather flock together"

317
00:28:13,633 --> 00:28:15,466
is never more true

318
00:28:15,466 --> 00:28:18,300
than in the phenomenon 
called murmuration.

319
00:28:19,400 --> 00:28:21,733
In the fall, thousands 
upon thousands

320
00:28:21,733 --> 00:28:23,733
of black birds and 
starlings gather

321
00:28:23,733 --> 00:28:26,933
until there are millions 
of birds in a single flock.

322
00:28:26,933 --> 00:28:29,633
(calming music)

323
00:28:55,166 --> 00:28:57,233
The birds fly in 
these tight groups

324
00:28:57,233 --> 00:28:59,966
and create mesmerizing 
patterns in the sky.

325
00:29:01,333 --> 00:29:04,033
(calming music)

326
00:29:39,766 --> 00:29:41,833
And then at an unseen signal,

327
00:29:41,833 --> 00:29:45,166
return to earth and 
disappear in the long grass.

328
00:29:48,566 --> 00:29:51,266
(calming music)

329
00:29:55,900 --> 00:30:00,166
In England, massive murmurations 
are triggered by harriers

330
00:30:00,166 --> 00:30:01,966
who prey on starlings.

331
00:30:01,966 --> 00:30:04,666
(calming music)

332
00:30:35,266 --> 00:30:38,033
The other side of the 
coin is competition.

333
00:30:39,066 --> 00:30:40,500
These openbill storks

334
00:30:40,500 --> 00:30:42,966
are fighting for a roosting 
spot for the night.

335
00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:49,800
Two flamingos fight over

336
00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:52,133
who has the right to 
mate with the female.

337
00:30:59,966 --> 00:31:03,166
Two secretarybirds are 
fighting for territory

338
00:31:03,166 --> 00:31:05,900
so they can attract a 
mate and build a nest.

339
00:31:05,900 --> 00:31:08,500
(upbeat music)

340
00:31:23,366 --> 00:31:25,633
Once the competition is decided,

341
00:31:25,633 --> 00:31:27,866
a more peaceful 
courtship follows.

342
00:31:33,666 --> 00:31:37,666
In Tanzania, two grey-breasted 
spurfowl have paired up.

343
00:31:37,666 --> 00:31:41,533
I wonder if the attraction 
was the lovely singing voice.

344
00:31:41,533 --> 00:31:44,433
(birds squawking)

345
00:31:52,833 --> 00:31:56,733
In the Serengeti, two Usambiro 
barbets have paired up.

346
00:32:03,933 --> 00:32:05,466
Their raucous courtship

347
00:32:05,466 --> 00:32:10,100
resulted in a comparatively 
quiet yet energetic mating.

348
00:32:10,766 --> 00:32:12,966
(birds squawking)

349
00:32:22,566 --> 00:32:25,733
Arctic terns perform 
an elegant mating.

350
00:32:25,733 --> 00:32:27,533
From a photographic standpoint,

351
00:32:27,533 --> 00:32:30,266
I don't like the dark 
rocks in the background.

352
00:32:30,266 --> 00:32:32,766
I much prefer the blue 
ocean behind them.

353
00:32:46,433 --> 00:32:49,300
Halfway around the world 
in the Hawaiian Islands,

354
00:32:49,300 --> 00:32:53,333
the elegant Laysan 
albatross mate, nest,

355
00:32:53,333 --> 00:32:54,600
and rear chicks.

356
00:32:59,666 --> 00:33:02,300
We are here on the 
Hawaiian island of Kauai,

357
00:33:02,300 --> 00:33:05,200
and we're with the 
Laysan albatross,

358
00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:09,433
mighty travelers who ride 
the ocean trade winds

359
00:33:09,433 --> 00:33:12,266
for three, four, five, 
six months of the year,

360
00:33:12,266 --> 00:33:15,566
returning here to these 
remote volcanic bluffs

361
00:33:15,566 --> 00:33:17,133
every November.

362
00:33:17,133 --> 00:33:19,933
Here, they have 
courtship behaviors.

363
00:33:19,933 --> 00:33:23,666
They build nests and lay eggs.

364
00:33:23,666 --> 00:33:26,566
This female, when 
she laid her egg,

365
00:33:26,566 --> 00:33:30,533
would've lost about 
25% of her body weight,

366
00:33:30,533 --> 00:33:34,433
and those eggs can weigh 
as much as a can of soda.

367
00:33:34,433 --> 00:33:38,433
So when she is done laying 
the egg, she needs to eat.

368
00:33:38,433 --> 00:33:40,333
So she goes to the 
ocean currents,

369
00:33:40,333 --> 00:33:42,833
and the male then 
will sit on the nest.

370
00:33:42,833 --> 00:33:44,933
So it's a cooperative 
nesting behavior

371
00:33:44,933 --> 00:33:46,800
that we have with the albatross.

372
00:33:49,100 --> 00:33:52,333
Greetings are an important 
part of albatross behavior.

373
00:33:54,700 --> 00:33:57,733
This male albatross has 
been riding the ocean winds

374
00:33:57,733 --> 00:34:00,133
for months before 
returning to Kauai.

375
00:34:00,133 --> 00:34:02,666
He wanders into a 
cliffside forest,

376
00:34:02,666 --> 00:34:04,966
where his lifelong 
mate awaits him.

377
00:34:08,900 --> 00:34:11,233
She welcomes him with 
a few beak clacks,

378
00:34:11,233 --> 00:34:12,800
high pitched whistles.

379
00:34:15,166 --> 00:34:18,266
Then the greeting ceremony 
begins in earnest.

380
00:34:18,266 --> 00:34:22,200
(birds whistling and clacking)

381
00:34:41,866 --> 00:34:44,733
There are more than 40 
elements to the greeting,

382
00:34:44,733 --> 00:34:48,533
that include wing stretching, 
whistling, whinnying,

383
00:34:48,533 --> 00:34:53,033
beak clacking, head 
bobbing, a cat-like whine,

384
00:34:53,033 --> 00:34:57,633
a donkey bray, and my favorite, 
comical high stepping.

385
00:35:04,933 --> 00:35:08,866
(birds whistling and clacking)

386
00:35:16,933 --> 00:35:18,700
From a photographer's 
perspective,

387
00:35:18,700 --> 00:35:21,500
I love the subtle 
gray eye shadings

388
00:35:21,500 --> 00:35:23,633
and the delicate 
peach-colored bills.

389
00:35:28,166 --> 00:35:32,133
(birds whistling and clacking)

390
00:35:38,333 --> 00:35:41,233
One of the most amazing things 
about these Laysan albatross

391
00:35:41,233 --> 00:35:43,300
are their communication skills.

392
00:35:44,433 --> 00:35:46,933
You can hear their 
insistent calling

393
00:35:46,933 --> 00:35:49,366
and their melodic whistling,

394
00:35:49,366 --> 00:35:51,233
as well as their 
dramatic beak clacking.

395
00:35:53,900 --> 00:35:56,600
(calming music)

396
00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:04,533
The nesting and courtship

397
00:36:04,533 --> 00:36:07,066
possess a simple, 
peaceful elegance.

398
00:36:13,233 --> 00:36:14,400
The nest is made,

399
00:36:23,266 --> 00:36:24,633
the egg is laid,

400
00:36:24,633 --> 00:36:27,400
and the parents take turns 
sitting till it hatches.

401
00:36:29,600 --> 00:36:31,766
Adults then alternate 
who will fly out

402
00:36:31,766 --> 00:36:33,333
to fish and feed the chick.

403
00:36:41,933 --> 00:36:44,466
Chicks start out as 
little gray puffs.

404
00:37:06,566 --> 00:37:09,866
They grow into adolescence 
with a hair-like cowl.

405
00:37:11,133 --> 00:37:13,833
(calming music)

406
00:37:35,900 --> 00:37:38,633
Sub-adults lose that cowl.

407
00:37:38,633 --> 00:37:40,900
Here we can see the 
remnants of that cowl

408
00:37:40,900 --> 00:37:43,900
on the side of an 
albatross's head.

409
00:37:43,900 --> 00:37:45,400
Wings grow strong,

410
00:37:45,400 --> 00:37:48,366
and soon the young albatross 
is ready to begin its life

411
00:37:48,366 --> 00:37:49,866
gliding over the ocean.

412
00:37:54,133 --> 00:37:58,266
Each avian species has a nesting 
style unique to themselves.

413
00:37:59,233 --> 00:38:01,133
Once the mating is sorted out,

414
00:38:01,133 --> 00:38:04,600
the next order of business 
is building a nest.

415
00:38:04,600 --> 00:38:07,800
Brazil's jabiru storks 
construct mammoth nests

416
00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:11,433
that require huge 
vines and large sticks.

417
00:38:11,433 --> 00:38:14,066
(upbeat music)

418
00:38:25,066 --> 00:38:27,200
In Africa, if you 
see what looks like

419
00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:29,333
a giant haystack in a tree,

420
00:38:29,333 --> 00:38:32,600
you are seeing the largest 
community nests in the world.

421
00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:37,533
Sociable weavers build as many 
as 100 nests side by side,

422
00:38:37,533 --> 00:38:40,266
that can be home 
to up to 400 birds.

423
00:38:40,266 --> 00:38:42,533
The nests become so heavy

424
00:38:42,533 --> 00:38:45,000
that the whole tree can 
come crashing to the ground

425
00:38:45,000 --> 00:38:46,666
from its weight.

426
00:38:46,666 --> 00:38:50,300
Cliff dwelling Brandt's 
cormorants nest in colonies

427
00:38:50,300 --> 00:38:52,466
on California's seaward coast.

428
00:38:55,233 --> 00:38:57,266
Females build nests 
from materials

429
00:38:57,266 --> 00:38:59,533
brought in from the 
ocean by the male.

430
00:38:59,533 --> 00:39:01,800
He flies in with 
seaweed and kelp,

431
00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:03,566
and returns to the ocean

432
00:39:03,566 --> 00:39:05,933
as the female fashions 
the building materials

433
00:39:05,933 --> 00:39:07,466
into a comfortable nest.

434
00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:11,100
(calming music)

435
00:39:23,866 --> 00:39:25,700
The electric turquoise 
under the beak

436
00:39:25,700 --> 00:39:27,533
adds interest to the photo.

437
00:39:31,300 --> 00:39:33,300
Borneo's black and red broadbill

438
00:39:33,300 --> 00:39:35,600
constructs an 
amazingly messy nest

439
00:39:35,600 --> 00:39:38,900
made of twigs, grasses, 
decaying leaves,

440
00:39:38,900 --> 00:39:41,166
and anything else that 
floats down the river.

441
00:39:42,433 --> 00:39:45,233
(birds tweeting)

442
00:39:51,233 --> 00:39:54,200
At the other extreme is 
the northern masked weaver,

443
00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:57,233
who takes pride in the 
quality of his workmanship.

444
00:39:57,233 --> 00:39:58,500
Part of the reason may be

445
00:39:58,500 --> 00:40:00,866
that the female has 
to approve the nest,

446
00:40:00,866 --> 00:40:02,900
or he has to start 
all over again.

447
00:40:02,900 --> 00:40:04,900
He is signaling to the female

448
00:40:04,900 --> 00:40:07,600
that the nest is 
ready for inspection.

449
00:40:07,600 --> 00:40:09,666
The golden-backed 
weaver does the same.

450
00:40:12,700 --> 00:40:15,133
In Central America, 
resplendent quetzals

451
00:40:15,133 --> 00:40:18,133
make a completely 
different style of nest.

452
00:40:18,133 --> 00:40:21,300
They excavate their nest in 
the body of a decaying tree,

453
00:40:21,300 --> 00:40:25,300
much like woodpeckers do, except 
they dig with their claws.

454
00:40:25,300 --> 00:40:26,633
The male flies to the tree

455
00:40:26,633 --> 00:40:28,166
and disappears into the cavity

456
00:40:29,333 --> 00:40:31,866
except for his long, 
colorful tail feathers.

457
00:40:31,866 --> 00:40:33,866
The excavation is obvious

458
00:40:33,866 --> 00:40:37,100
when the wood chips 
start falling like snow.

459
00:40:37,100 --> 00:40:39,100
Then the female comes 
to check the nest.

460
00:40:39,100 --> 00:40:41,466
(jazz music)

461
00:40:48,533 --> 00:40:51,566
Secretarybirds build a 
more traditional nest

462
00:40:51,566 --> 00:40:53,233
of sticks and twigs,

463
00:40:53,233 --> 00:40:55,400
and have a gentle 
neck-bobbing behavior

464
00:40:55,400 --> 00:40:57,333
when they're courting.

465
00:40:57,333 --> 00:40:59,700
(jazz music)

466
00:41:10,133 --> 00:41:13,600
Plovers are more minimalist 
in their nest building.

467
00:41:13,600 --> 00:41:16,733
This blacksmith plover has 
simply rearranged some stones

468
00:41:16,733 --> 00:41:18,533
to make its nest.

469
00:41:18,533 --> 00:41:21,000
(jazz music)

470
00:41:33,966 --> 00:41:37,233
When the quetzal nest is 
complete and they have chicks,

471
00:41:37,233 --> 00:41:40,366
the parents take turns 
bringing food to the nest.

472
00:41:40,366 --> 00:41:43,500
This time, the male has 
a ripe wild avocado.

473
00:41:44,466 --> 00:41:46,666
The next time, he has a lizard.

474
00:41:52,766 --> 00:41:54,833
While he's in the nest 
feeding the chicks,

475
00:41:54,833 --> 00:41:58,633
the female lands with an even 
larger rough-scaled lizard.

476
00:41:58,633 --> 00:42:00,900
(jazz music)

477
00:42:20,566 --> 00:42:23,466
Jabiru storks build huge nests

478
00:42:23,466 --> 00:42:25,533
to accommodate their 
massive chicks.

479
00:42:26,833 --> 00:42:29,333
Parents are constantly 
bringing large river fish

480
00:42:29,333 --> 00:42:31,366
to satisfy the voracious chicks.

481
00:42:34,233 --> 00:42:37,733
Temperatures can reach 
100 degrees Fahrenheit.

482
00:42:37,733 --> 00:42:40,300
I've often wondered how the 
chicks can survive the heat

483
00:42:40,300 --> 00:42:41,833
and where do they get water?

484
00:42:42,966 --> 00:42:44,166
Well, the parents 
took the initiative

485
00:42:44,166 --> 00:42:45,866
and answered my question.

486
00:42:45,866 --> 00:42:47,633
They bring beak fulls of water

487
00:42:47,633 --> 00:42:50,066
and pour it right down 
the chick's throats.

488
00:42:55,266 --> 00:42:57,700
A thousand times smaller

489
00:42:57,700 --> 00:43:00,466
are the Madagascar 
flycatcher chicks.

490
00:43:00,466 --> 00:43:02,733
Filming and photographing 
these three chicks

491
00:43:02,733 --> 00:43:06,666
as they grew over the period 
of five days was a joy.

492
00:43:13,233 --> 00:43:15,466
The female, with her 
cinnamon-hued feathers,

493
00:43:15,466 --> 00:43:17,933
and the male with 
his long white tail,

494
00:43:17,933 --> 00:43:19,633
alternated feeding duty.

495
00:43:23,033 --> 00:43:25,366
They brought in mayflies, moths,

496
00:43:25,366 --> 00:43:30,400
spiders, butterflies, 
beetles, and even a scorpion.

497
00:43:31,700 --> 00:43:34,500
(birds tweeting)

498
00:43:43,466 --> 00:43:44,933
Over the four day period,

499
00:43:44,933 --> 00:43:47,400
it was intriguing to see 
the parents make sure

500
00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:49,600
that each chick was 
fed in its turn.

501
00:44:17,633 --> 00:44:22,066
On a small rock, in a 
Costa Rican forest stream,

502
00:44:22,066 --> 00:44:26,533
a vibrantly colored sunbittern 
preens before going hunting.

503
00:44:26,533 --> 00:44:28,233
She searches in the shallows

504
00:44:28,233 --> 00:44:31,200
for tiny crustaceans 
and tadpoles to feed 
her newly hatched.

505
00:44:41,500 --> 00:44:43,933
She arrives at the 
beautifully fashioned nest

506
00:44:43,933 --> 00:44:45,066
with a tadpole.

507
00:44:47,166 --> 00:44:49,866
(calming music)

508
00:45:14,133 --> 00:45:16,766
(upbeat music)

509
00:45:33,166 --> 00:45:35,533
The next morning, 
she hunts again,

510
00:45:35,533 --> 00:45:37,833
and brings a tiny 
freshwater shrimp.

511
00:45:37,833 --> 00:45:40,533
(calming music)

512
00:46:08,100 --> 00:46:11,400
The only word I can think 
of here is nestling.

513
00:46:11,400 --> 00:46:14,100
(calming music)

514
00:46:44,500 --> 00:46:45,833
(birds tweeting)

515
00:46:45,833 --> 00:46:47,200
Still in Costa Rica,

516
00:46:47,200 --> 00:46:50,933
we find a wattled jacana 
just as a storm blows in.

517
00:46:50,933 --> 00:46:52,600
He calls for his chicks,

518
00:46:52,600 --> 00:46:54,700
and they run to him and 
dive under his wings

519
00:46:54,700 --> 00:46:56,033
for shelter from the rain.

520
00:46:58,766 --> 00:47:01,366
The chicks are too 
big to fit completely,

521
00:47:01,366 --> 00:47:05,533
but they still feel safe and 
protected under the wings.

522
00:47:13,000 --> 00:47:17,366
As chicks grow, they become 
tiny copies of their parents.

523
00:47:17,366 --> 00:47:20,566
Kori bustard babies follow 
their mother through the grass.

524
00:47:27,300 --> 00:47:30,466
And tiny crowned cranes 
feed with their parents.

525
00:47:30,466 --> 00:47:33,066
(birds cooing)

526
00:47:49,900 --> 00:47:53,633
Here, a gaggle of cape teal 
feed close to their mother

527
00:47:53,633 --> 00:47:54,666
for protection.

528
00:48:01,666 --> 00:48:05,533
Atlantic beaches are home to 
massive colonies of seabirds.

529
00:48:06,900 --> 00:48:09,666
This colony of royal terns 
has gone through hatching,

530
00:48:09,666 --> 00:48:11,500
and now has hundreds of chicks.

531
00:48:13,333 --> 00:48:17,200
Parents fly out to see and 
catch fish for the young chicks.

532
00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:19,100
With all the activity 
in the colony,

533
00:48:19,100 --> 00:48:21,866
it's madness when 
the parents return.

534
00:48:21,866 --> 00:48:23,300
The chicks see them,

535
00:48:23,300 --> 00:48:25,566
and start walking to 
make themselves known.

536
00:48:26,800 --> 00:48:28,300
The parent lands,

537
00:48:28,300 --> 00:48:32,066
and looks for its chick, 
calling the whole time.

538
00:48:32,066 --> 00:48:34,533
If the mom chooses 
the wrong chick,

539
00:48:34,533 --> 00:48:37,900
the young turn away and 
will not accept that fish.

540
00:48:37,900 --> 00:48:39,533
It's fascinating to watch.

541
00:48:39,533 --> 00:48:42,400
(birds squawking)

542
00:48:44,200 --> 00:48:45,600
When chicks start to walk,

543
00:48:45,600 --> 00:48:48,700
they're often surrounded 
and mobbed by other adults.

544
00:48:49,866 --> 00:48:52,333
It seems like a miracle 
when a mother comes in,

545
00:48:52,333 --> 00:48:55,866
finds her chick, and has a 
successful feeding handoff.

546
00:49:00,966 --> 00:49:04,966
Further south in the 
Caribbean, it's flamingos.

547
00:49:04,966 --> 00:49:08,000
Let's consider both the 
natural history aspects

548
00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:10,400
and the photographic 
approach to this scene.

549
00:49:11,566 --> 00:49:13,333
Photographically, 
when we saw the beach

550
00:49:13,333 --> 00:49:16,233
through an arch of trees, 
it was raining flamingos.

551
00:49:16,233 --> 00:49:18,600
I couldn't get out of 
the car fast enough.

552
00:49:18,600 --> 00:49:20,433
I just started filming.

553
00:49:20,433 --> 00:49:22,366
Then I realized it 
didn't look as great

554
00:49:22,366 --> 00:49:23,633
as I thought it would.

555
00:49:23,633 --> 00:49:26,300
All the water around the 
flamingos was in focus,

556
00:49:26,300 --> 00:49:28,133
and it wasn't anything special.

557
00:49:30,933 --> 00:49:32,800
I sat right down in the sand,

558
00:49:32,800 --> 00:49:34,733
and it was an 
instant improvement.

559
00:49:43,966 --> 00:49:46,600
The flamingos stood out 
from the soft foreground

560
00:49:46,600 --> 00:49:47,933
and background water.

561
00:49:51,233 --> 00:49:52,966
Here's some footage 
from East Africa,

562
00:49:52,966 --> 00:49:55,400
where I was able to 
lie completely flat

563
00:49:55,400 --> 00:49:56,866
next to a flamingo lake.

564
00:50:01,833 --> 00:50:04,300
The photographic 
difference is dramatic,

565
00:50:07,700 --> 00:50:11,333
but this scene in the 
Caribbean was sent from heaven.

566
00:50:11,333 --> 00:50:12,933
All flamingos' heads were up.

567
00:50:14,200 --> 00:50:16,933
There were colorful adults 
and cute young ones.

568
00:50:28,966 --> 00:50:31,166
The watercolor was so Caribbean,

569
00:50:31,166 --> 00:50:33,866
and the flight school 
behavior was dramatic.

570
00:50:37,300 --> 00:50:39,333
Now, for the natural history.

571
00:50:39,333 --> 00:50:42,466
Why were they in the ocean 
instead of on a pond?

572
00:50:42,466 --> 00:50:44,733
The adults were teaching 
the young ones to fly,

573
00:50:44,733 --> 00:50:46,833
and this shallow 
sand bank was perfect

574
00:50:46,833 --> 00:50:48,000
for takeoff and landing.

575
00:50:49,366 --> 00:50:52,133
Why did the flamingos keep 
returning to this spot?

576
00:50:52,133 --> 00:50:55,433
The open ocean gave them 
unobstructed flight space.

577
00:50:56,933 --> 00:50:59,666
Why were they in such great 
position for photographs?

578
00:50:59,666 --> 00:51:01,700
Well, the flamingos 
weren't feeding,

579
00:51:01,700 --> 00:51:05,533
and they all had their heads 
up because of the waves.

580
00:51:05,533 --> 00:51:07,733
A natural history explanation

581
00:51:07,733 --> 00:51:10,233
of a perfect 
photographic situation.

582
00:51:12,033 --> 00:51:13,566
Here's our chance to enjoy

583
00:51:13,566 --> 00:51:15,500
some of the heroes 
of the avian world.

584
00:51:15,500 --> 00:51:18,300
(dramatic music)

585
00:54:02,166 --> 00:54:04,600
Some of the challenges 
facing wildlife

586
00:54:04,600 --> 00:54:08,533
include global climate 
change, loss of habitat,

587
00:54:08,533 --> 00:54:11,600
and simply a diminishing 
place in which to live.

588
00:54:13,133 --> 00:54:15,400
- [Jane] And think how 
these wild creatures

589
00:54:15,400 --> 00:54:19,233
have so much in common with 
each other and with us.

590
00:54:20,800 --> 00:54:25,000
Through Todd's lens, we see 
a vanishing natural world.

591
00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:27,800
We can see a world we 
have the power to protect.

592
00:54:29,200 --> 00:54:33,133
If we of all creatures can 
best understand consequences

593
00:54:33,133 --> 00:54:36,566
and plan far ahead, 
then let us do so.

594
00:54:38,000 --> 00:54:39,800
- [Todd] I choose to 
use my photography

595
00:54:39,800 --> 00:54:43,133
to stand with nature, 
our delicate planet,

596
00:54:43,133 --> 00:54:45,466
and the wildlife that are 
shown in this documentary.

597
00:54:45,466 --> 00:54:47,333
- [Jane] "To The 
Ends of the Earth"

598
00:54:47,333 --> 00:54:50,366
is sharing the earth's beauty,

599
00:54:50,366 --> 00:54:53,466
to illustrate exactly 
what is at stake.

600
00:54:53,466 --> 00:54:57,066
- [Todd] Imagine a world 
without snow geese, pelicans,

601
00:54:57,066 --> 00:54:58,900
herons, and hummingbirds,

602
00:54:58,900 --> 00:55:01,800
and those are just the 
obvious birds at risk.

603
00:55:01,800 --> 00:55:04,066
- [Jane] Collectively, 
these photographs

604
00:55:04,066 --> 00:55:07,766
explore different aspects 
of the animal's behavior.

605
00:55:07,766 --> 00:55:12,133
A visual commentary on what 
it means to be born free

606
00:55:12,133 --> 00:55:14,766
into the last wild places.

607
00:55:14,766 --> 00:55:17,466
(calming music)

608
00:55:25,300 --> 00:55:28,066
(dramatic music)