WEBVTT
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♪
[up-tempo
brass band music]
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♪
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♪
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♪
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♪
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♪
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♪
[trumpet notes
progressing higher]
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♪
[highest trumpet
notes played]
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All the high-note
players I know,
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the really
high-note players,
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came out of the Jenkins Band
from South Carolina.
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When I want to get
a high-note player,
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I get him out of
the Jenkins Band.
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That's what
I call a tradition.
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We've had children to be
sent to us from all over,
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especially
from North Carolina...
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New York...
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Philadelphia...
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you name it,
and children were sent there.
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You see, Mr. Jenkins
had something
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that those children's parents
wanted them to have,
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and that was
the music.
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[trumpet player
playing scales]
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♪
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Hey, you boys, what are
y'all doing in this boxcar?
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Come on
out of there!
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Y'all know you could
get hurt in this boxcar?
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Where's
your mama?
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We ain't
got no mama.
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What about
the rest of you?
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Come on
with me.
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♪
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(Abbey Lincoln)
The year was 1891
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in the city of
Charleston, South Carolina.
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The Reverend Daniel Joseph
Jenkins, a black minister,
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was the son
of ex-slaves.
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Industrious by nature in this
era of post-Reconstruction,
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Reverend Jenkins managed to own
several small businesses.
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One, a wood
supply company,
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accounted for his
early morning venture
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on the day
this story begins.
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[no audio]
02:41.066 --> 02:44.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
(Reverend Jenkins, dramatized)
The pitiful scene I saw
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at 6:00 early one
cold, wintry morning
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will never
be forgotten.
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When such a wind blew,
as is customary in winter,
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causing those comfortably
clothed to shiver,
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I discovered half a dozen
half-naked colored children
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standing on the city
railroad track
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near a freight car
in which they had taken shelter
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from the penetrating wind
and cold during the night.
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(Lincoln)
Reverend Jenkins took
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the four waifs
into his own home.
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He appealed to members
of his church congregation
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to relieve the plight,
not only of these boys,
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but of all homeless
and abandoned black children,
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for whom the state
made no provision.
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Assisted by his cousin,
the Reverend Paul Daniels,
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and Daniels' half-brother,
the Reverend John Dowling,
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Jenkins set the pattern
for his life's work.
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Thus began the saga
of the Jenkins Orphanage,
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the first private institution
of its kind.
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♪
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A home was found
in the old marine building,
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a haven for sick
and disabled seamen.
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Once used as a free school
for Negro children,
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the home was located
at 20 Franklin Street,
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immediately adjacent
to the city jail.
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Within
a two-year period,
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it became home
to some 360 boys and girls.
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♪
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[no audio]
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The first task facing
the Reverend Jenkins
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was to provide
for these children,
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whom he called
his "Black Lambs."
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Recognizing the need
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to develop a sustaining
mechanism for funds,
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he decided to organize
a children's brass band.
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Appealing to the citizenry
of Charleston,
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Reverend Jenkins obtained
the necessary instruments
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and hired
capable tutors,
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most notably
P.M. "Hatsie" Logan
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and Francis Eugene Mikell,
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to instruct selected youngsters
in the rudiments of music.
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The young musicians
were divided into units
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and taken out
onto the streets to perform.
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Once the playing
subsided,
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an appeal would be made
for donations.
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♪
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We were staying at my
grandfather and grandmother's
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at 31 Legare Street.
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I was
quite small,
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my brother
was even smaller,
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my sister
was not yet....
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We had a big
front room upstairs
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and the piazza
outside it,
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and I heard
this noise.
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♪
[trumpet music]
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I ran out
onto the front piazza,
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and here were
all these people...
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in uniform!
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I don't remember
the colors.
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I think they were
black and red,
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but I'm
not certain.
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They were playing
on different instruments,
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and there were a couple of
older people along with them.
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They were just having
themselves a time!
05:57.633 --> 06:00.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But they were tooting
and banging away
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and having
the best time,
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and I found they did that
fairly frequently,
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because Grandfather
was one of those men
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that would help back
the Reverend Mr. Jenkins
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in setting up
his orphanage.
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(Lincoln)
Her grandfather was
Augustine Smythe,
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a prominent Charleston
lawyer and Jenkins supporter.
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I think the early sound
of the Jenkins Orphanage Band
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was, shall we say,
spirited.
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It was probably a bit
rough on the ears,
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but it was flamboyant
and highly rhythmic.
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This would set people--
their feet tapping,
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and maybe want to join in
and march along with the band.
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It was, I think,
an early example of the music
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that linked ragtime
with marching music
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and with the early strains
of jazz, if you like.
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♪
[up-tempo
brass band music]
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♪
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♪
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[no audio]
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♪
[plaintive
clarinet music]
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(Reverend Jenkins, dramatized)
In 1895, after the big storm,
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our orphanage building
was wrecked,
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and we got in a debt
of $1700.
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I took 18
of the orphans north
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to play and give
entertainments.
07:52.933 --> 07:56.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
All being green,
we scarcely made our expenses,
07:56.733 --> 07:59.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and the big debt
loomed up before me.
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I felt that I had rather die
than return to Charleston
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without the money
to cancel the debt.
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Some good white
friends met me
08:08.800 --> 08:11.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
while in a spirit
of despondency
08:11.066 --> 08:14.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and advised me
to go over to England,
08:14.066 --> 08:17.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
saying that I would get
barrels of money.
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Nothing doubting,
neither counting the cost,
08:19.333 --> 08:21.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I leaped out
without a dollar,
08:21.600 --> 08:24.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
only had half enough
to pay our way,
08:24.600 --> 08:27.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
but the captain
took us over anyway,
08:27.233 --> 08:29.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
expecting to make money
on the ship.
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In less than half hour's time
after getting on the ship,
08:34.033 --> 08:37.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
we became seasick
and remained so
08:37.033 --> 08:40.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
until the day
before we landed.
08:40.266 --> 08:43.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I took the boys
out on the streets,
08:43.200 --> 08:46.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but their strange appearance
created so much excitement
08:46.200 --> 08:48.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and monopolized
the thoroughfares
08:48.200 --> 08:51.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
to such an extent
that we, at once,
08:51.200 --> 08:53.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
were forced
to retire.
08:53.200 --> 08:56.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I went before the court
to appeal the decision
08:56.566 --> 08:59.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
with a strong address
to the court...
08:59.566 --> 09:03.866 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
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Thank you, sir.
09:05.866 --> 09:08.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I am
the Reverend D.J. Jenkins,
09:08.133 --> 09:10.133 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
a Baptist minister
09:10.133 --> 09:12.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
of Charleston,
South Carolina, America,
09:12.133 --> 09:15.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and I wish to make
a particular application
09:15.133 --> 09:17.133 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
to the magistrate.
09:17.133 --> 09:21.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
You see, sir, I have
traveled a great distance
09:21.533 --> 09:24.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
to raise funds
for my orphanage,
09:24.366 --> 09:27.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
the only facility
of its sort,
09:27.100 --> 09:31.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
which provides for hundreds
of homeless black waifs.
09:31.600 --> 09:36.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
I brought with me these boys
who play brass instruments,
09:36.300 --> 09:40.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
my object being to let them
play in the public streets,
09:40.400 --> 09:43.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
after which I will
explain our cause
09:43.033 --> 09:45.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and collect monies
for the orphanage.
09:45.733 --> 09:48.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Could an exception
be made in my case,
09:48.833 --> 09:51.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
seeing the object
I have in view?
09:51.900 --> 09:55.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Because of...
various acts and laws,
09:55.833 --> 09:58.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
the band weren't allowed
to perform
09:58.466 --> 10:00.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
on the highways
and byways.
10:00.466 --> 10:03.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
So they
looked in danger
10:03.500 --> 10:06.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
of the whole
mission being...
10:06.933 --> 10:10.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the purpose of the mission
being defeated.
10:10.566 --> 10:15.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Poor Reverend Mr. Jenkins
got chucked in the chokey...
10:15.566 --> 10:19.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and Grandfather
heard about it.
10:19.566 --> 10:22.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
They came around
to him and said,
10:22.200 --> 10:24.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"It's a good thing
you're in London,
10:24.833 --> 10:26.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"because you're
a lawyer
10:26.833 --> 10:29.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and you can do
something about it."
10:29.466 --> 10:31.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
So he did
something about it.
10:31.733 --> 10:33.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
He got
Mr. Jenkins out
10:33.733 --> 10:38.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and got permission for them
to continue their playing
10:38.200 --> 10:40.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
here and there
in London.
10:40.933 --> 10:44.033 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
(Lincoln)
Smythe's connections coupled
with Jenkins eloquent pleas
10:44.033 --> 10:47.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
convinced even the magistrate
to contribute to the cause.
10:47.400 --> 10:49.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
After speaking
in numerous churches,
10:49.400 --> 10:51.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Reverend Jenkins soon
collected enough money
10:51.666 --> 10:53.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
for the journey home.
10:53.666 --> 10:55.666 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Back in Charleston,
10:55.666 --> 10:57.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the Reverend
faced new challenges.
10:57.666 --> 10:59.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
With the advent
of Jim Crowism,
10:59.933 --> 11:03.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
he was forced to be
even more self-sufficient.
11:03.366 --> 11:06.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
He soon established the
Jenkins Industrial Reformatory,
11:06.000 --> 11:09.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
later known as
the Greenwood Industrial Farm.
11:09.000 --> 11:11.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Here,
on a hundred acres,
11:11.000 --> 11:13.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Reverend Jenkins
put to work youngsters
11:13.633 --> 11:15.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
who otherwise would
have been incarcerated
11:15.900 --> 11:17.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
in the state prisons.
11:17.900 --> 11:21.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The farm provided not only
food for the orphanage,
11:21.266 --> 11:24.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but activity for
the youthful offenders as well.
11:24.266 --> 11:30.566 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[acoustic
guitar music]
11:30.566 --> 11:33.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Within the orphanage, Jenkins
organized several departments
11:33.200 --> 11:36.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
through which the inmates
could learn a trade,
11:36.200 --> 11:39.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
while contributing to
the welfare of the institution.
11:39.200 --> 11:41.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Carpentry, tailoring,
a laundry, shoemaking,
11:41.133 --> 11:44.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
shoe repair, chair-caning,
and a bakery all flourished.
11:44.500 --> 11:47.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He boldly bought
a printing press
11:47.066 --> 11:49.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and began
handling local jobs
11:49.066 --> 11:51.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
for various
merchants and trades.
11:51.333 --> 11:54.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Soon he began
a weekly newspaper as well.
11:54.566 --> 11:56.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Parents inspired
by this industry
11:56.900 --> 12:00.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
sought to send their children
to the orphanage.
12:00.633 --> 12:05.033 align:left position:27.5% line:65% size:62.5%
In Cottageville,
where I was born,
12:05.033 --> 12:07.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
the schooling
we got there
12:07.033 --> 12:10.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
was only through the fifth
or sixth grade.
12:10.033 --> 12:12.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
When I got
through that,
12:12.033 --> 12:15.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
there was nowhere else
for me to go.
12:15.033 --> 12:18.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
No schooling any higher
was provided for blacks.
12:18.400 --> 12:20.666 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
(Dowling)
Reverend Jenkins
had a tendency,
12:20.666 --> 12:24.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
if a boy came--a new boy
came into the orphanage.
12:24.766 --> 12:28.500 align:left position:25% line:65% size:65%
It was a funny thing,
what I'm going to say,
12:28.500 --> 12:30.766 align:left position:30% line:65% size:60%
but he would
take that boy...
12:30.766 --> 12:32.766 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
"Come here."
12:32.766 --> 12:37.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Bring that boy to him,
or the girl for that matter.
12:37.133 --> 12:39.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
He just
took his hands
12:39.466 --> 12:42.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and go all over
the child's head,
12:42.666 --> 12:47.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
sort of as if he was
feeling for something.
12:47.233 --> 12:50.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"You go
to the band room.
12:50.233 --> 12:53.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"You go
to the printing office.
12:53.233 --> 12:56.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
You go
to the farm,"
12:56.233 --> 13:00.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the various things,
and those children would fit
13:00.233 --> 13:03.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
into whatever area
he sent them to!
13:03.466 --> 13:07.233 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
[no audio]
13:07.233 --> 13:10.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
He was
a wise old man!
13:10.666 --> 13:16.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
He took me downstairs
in the printing department.
13:16.166 --> 13:21.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We had two Linotypes there
and the printing press,
13:21.366 --> 13:26.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and there was two job press
and then the paper press.
13:26.433 --> 13:32.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He said, "Sonny, one day
I want you to run this place."
13:32.700 --> 13:36.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
That was...
you know, amazing to me,
13:36.566 --> 13:40.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because I had never seen
printing before.
13:40.300 --> 13:46.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
When he died in 1937,
I was managing the shop.
13:46.233 --> 13:48.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
(Cathy Russell)
George R. Scott
13:48.233 --> 13:50.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
was my husband's
great-great-grandfather.
13:50.500 --> 13:53.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
He was born in Norfolk County,
England, in 1836.
13:53.866 --> 13:56.500 align:left position:20% line:65% size:70%
Reverend Jenkins
had traveled to New York
13:56.500 --> 13:59.500 align:left position:15% line:65% size:75%
seeking out those people
who might make contributions
13:59.500 --> 14:01.833 align:left position:20% line:65% size:70%
to the Jenkins Orphanage
in Charleston,
14:01.833 --> 14:04.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
an orphanage that not
many people knew about
14:04.833 --> 14:06.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
shortly after
Reverend Jenkins began.
14:06.833 --> 14:11.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It seems to me that
Reverend Jenkins and Mr. Scott
14:11.433 --> 14:13.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
sat together
in Mr. Scott's office
14:13.933 --> 14:17.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and, according to
the accounts that I've read,
14:17.000 --> 14:19.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
immediately
bonded together.
14:19.866 --> 14:23.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
He began to write in his
newspaper quite regularly
14:23.900 --> 14:27.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that the Jenkins Orphanage and
Reverend Jenkins needed money.
14:27.900 --> 14:31.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I believe the reason
that Mr. Scott was known
14:31.266 --> 14:33.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
as the "Father
of the Black Lambs"
14:33.900 --> 14:36.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
is because he truly
adopted the orphans
14:36.533 --> 14:38.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
from the Jenkins
Orphanage.
14:38.533 --> 14:41.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
He took them
under his wing as his own.
14:41.833 --> 14:44.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
When Reverend Jenkins
lost Mr. Scott,
14:44.100 --> 14:46.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
he lost
a true friend,
14:46.100 --> 14:50.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but he also understood how much
of an impact Mr. Scott had
14:50.600 --> 14:54.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
on the monies that allowed
the orphanage to continue.
14:54.133 --> 14:55.500 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
[no audio]
14:55.500 --> 14:59.500 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[syncopative music]
14:59.500 --> 15:02.566 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
(Lincoln)
During the early
years of this century,
15:02.566 --> 15:05.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
the band's itineraries grew,
and so did their reputation.
15:05.933 --> 15:09.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Throughout the USA they were
known as "The Pickaninny Band,"
15:09.666 --> 15:13.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
while the good reverend
was dubbed "The Orphanage Man."
15:13.033 --> 15:16.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
In 1901 they appeared
at the Buffalo Exposition.
15:16.033 --> 15:19.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
In 1904 they were featured
at the St. Louis Fair.
15:19.766 --> 15:23.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The Jenkins Orphanage Band was
also a spectacular component
15:23.133 --> 15:25.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
of President Taft's
inaugural parade.
15:25.133 --> 15:27.933 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
15:27.933 --> 15:30.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The band returned
to England in 1914.
15:30.566 --> 15:32.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
They were
a featured attraction
15:32.733 --> 15:35.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
at the Anglo-American
Exposition.
15:35.433 --> 15:37.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
(Jeffrey Green)
The Jenkins Orphanage Band
15:37.700 --> 15:40.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
was employed to come
to England in 1914
15:40.866 --> 15:45.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
as part of the organization
of Hurtig and Seaman group,
15:45.133 --> 15:48.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
theatrical impresarios
based somewhere in New York.
15:48.866 --> 15:50.866 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
15:50.866 --> 15:54.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I'm sure that they
were employed as a novelty.
15:54.233 --> 15:58.333 align:left position:15% line:65% size:75%
They were--I think it was
six- or eight-week contract.
15:58.333 --> 16:00.666 align:left position:27.5% line:65% size:62.5%
When they arrived
here in England,
16:00.666 --> 16:02.666 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
they were so good...
16:02.666 --> 16:04.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that their contract
was extended.
16:04.666 --> 16:09.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
This was a large exposition
held in West London,
16:09.566 --> 16:14.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and the Reverend Jenkins
could see
16:14.200 --> 16:16.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that this would make
an excellent showcase,
16:16.833 --> 16:19.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I mean, presenting
an American band
16:19.833 --> 16:23.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
in the midst of an
international exposition.
16:23.500 --> 16:30.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The band came and were,
again, a startling success.
16:30.066 --> 16:32.333 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
(Lincoln)
Inspired by
the tremendous response,
16:32.333 --> 16:34.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
the Reverend Jenkins drafted
an impassioned letter
16:34.966 --> 16:38.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to South Carolina Governor
Cole Blease...
16:38.466 --> 16:41.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
(Reverend Jenkins, dramatized)
"It is the sympathy
16:41.033 --> 16:43.066 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
"and pity
that I have
16:43.066 --> 16:46.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"for the little waifs
and outcasts of my race
16:46.433 --> 16:49.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"that forces me
to write to you.
16:49.066 --> 16:51.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"The salvation
of the South
16:51.066 --> 16:53.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"between the white
and the black man
16:53.700 --> 16:55.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
"lies in
the careful training
16:55.700 --> 16:58.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
"of the little
Negro boys and girls
16:58.333 --> 17:01.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
"to become honest, upright,
and industrious citizens.
17:01.533 --> 17:05.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
"It was never intended by our
Lord and Savior Jesus Christ
17:05.633 --> 17:07.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
"nor by any
law of God
17:07.900 --> 17:10.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"that children
should be jailed
17:10.333 --> 17:13.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
"or put into the penitentiary
for trivial offenses.
17:13.933 --> 17:16.100 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
"The schoolroom
and the rod
17:16.100 --> 17:18.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"are the better masters
for this training.
17:18.966 --> 17:22.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
"Teaching the Negro to read,
to write, and to work
17:22.700 --> 17:26.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"is not going to do
the white man any harm.
17:26.466 --> 17:31.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
"I have my band here
with a party of 28 inmates.
17:31.133 --> 17:33.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"Nine of the councilmen
of London
17:33.400 --> 17:36.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"called on me yesterday
and congratulated me
17:36.033 --> 17:39.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
"on the work that I
am doing for my race.
17:39.766 --> 17:41.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"I feel much
encouraged and believe
17:41.966 --> 17:46.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
"that if boys taken from
the depths of the lowest dives
17:46.066 --> 17:49.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
"can be taught and trained
in such a manner
17:49.433 --> 17:53.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"as to gain the respect
of the people of England,
17:53.166 --> 17:55.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"how much more
can be done
17:55.433 --> 17:58.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
"if the Governor and lawmakers
of South Carolina
17:58.433 --> 18:01.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
would simply
cooperate with me?"
18:01.333 --> 18:03.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
When Parson Jenkins
wanted the band--
18:03.600 --> 18:09.033 align:left position:12.5% line:65% size:77.5%
his band to appear in England,
he obviously needed the best,
18:09.033 --> 18:12.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and what he did
was to call back people
18:12.700 --> 18:15.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
who had graduated
from his orphanage.
18:15.033 --> 18:18.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Reverend Jenkins' son
was 20, but the others...
18:18.033 --> 18:22.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Emerson Harper was 17, and
some of the others were 18, 19.
18:22.533 --> 18:25.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They couldn't possibly
have been in the orphanage.
18:25.533 --> 18:27.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
So he pulled
together children,
18:27.533 --> 18:29.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and that's hinted at
in correspondence
18:29.800 --> 18:32.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
between the employer
in New York,
18:32.066 --> 18:35.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
who said, "Bring the best
of the small children."
18:35.433 --> 18:39.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
There was no way,
as far as I could see,
18:39.166 --> 18:41.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that Parson Jenkins
was prepared
18:41.100 --> 18:43.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
to bring
a pickaninny band.
18:43.100 --> 18:45.100 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
He was
bringing a band
18:45.100 --> 18:47.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to represent
the black community of America
18:47.733 --> 18:50.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and to do
a professional job.
18:50.000 --> 18:53.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Not that the 11- and 12-
year-olds couldn't play,
18:53.733 --> 18:57.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but the 17-, 18-, and
20-year-olds could play better.
18:57.833 --> 19:00.533 align:left position:22.5% line:65% size:67.5%
For the Anglo-American
Exposition,
19:00.533 --> 19:02.533 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
we left New York.
19:02.533 --> 19:05.166 align:left position:32.5% line:65% size:57.5%
They booked us
out of New York.
19:05.166 --> 19:08.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
They first
book us in 1913.
19:08.300 --> 19:13.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
They book us from Charleston
to 104 Jacob Street
19:13.966 --> 19:17.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
to play for the...
play for, uh...
19:17.633 --> 19:20.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
the "Uncle Tom's Cabin"...
19:20.633 --> 19:23.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
on Broadway.
19:23.400 --> 19:28.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The next time they book us
to go to London, England,
19:28.900 --> 19:31.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to play for
the Anglo-American Exposition.
19:31.900 --> 19:35.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We had to take 70
with us on the "Campania."
19:35.633 --> 19:38.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
In England,
they put up a big opera.
19:38.633 --> 19:40.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
We used to play
opera tunes.
19:40.900 --> 19:43.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
We did jazz,
jazz pickaninny,
19:43.166 --> 19:45.166 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
and we played.
19:45.166 --> 19:47.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We had all the people
around us.
19:47.800 --> 19:51.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Everybody come see
the pickaninnies...
19:51.166 --> 19:53.266 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
the jazz nursery.
19:53.266 --> 19:55.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
(Lincoln)
A comparison of schedules
19:55.266 --> 19:57.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
shows the Jenkins
Orphanage Band
19:57.266 --> 20:01.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
worked just as intensely
as the more mature army bands,
20:01.033 --> 20:04.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
often playing
11 or 12 hours per day.
20:04.033 --> 20:07.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Their contract was extended
from six weeks,
20:07.633 --> 20:09.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
starting in
the middle of May,
20:09.900 --> 20:12.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
to expire in October
or November of 1914.
20:12.900 --> 20:16.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It was stopped because
the First World War broke out.
20:16.633 --> 20:20.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Otherwise, the band would
have been here for six months.
20:20.366 --> 20:29.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
[mortar fire]
Boom! Boom!
20:29.833 --> 20:32.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Another indication
of the skills
20:32.833 --> 20:35.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
of the Jenkins
Orphanage musicians
20:35.833 --> 20:40.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
is that they were...
taken into Jim Europe's band
20:40.333 --> 20:44.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that he brought to Europe,
the service band.
20:44.133 --> 20:48.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The 369th Regiment
came to Europe,
20:48.466 --> 20:53.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and again, this black music
created a sensation,
20:53.033 --> 20:56.033 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
in France
particularly.
20:56.033 --> 20:59.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The fact that--
Jim Europe, who, after all,
20:59.700 --> 21:05.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
could almost scour America
for talent, for black talent,
21:05.766 --> 21:09.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
happily, willingly,
included members
21:09.766 --> 21:11.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
of the Jenkins
Orphanage Band.
21:11.900 --> 21:19.900 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
21:19.900 --> 21:26.566 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
21:26.566 --> 21:30.066 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
(Lincoln)
Francis Mikell,
former Jenkins Band tutor,
21:30.066 --> 21:34.200 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
was the bandmaster
for Europe's famed
Hellfighters U.S. Army Band,
21:34.200 --> 21:37.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
which also included three
former Jenkins Band members...
21:37.200 --> 21:39.200 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
trombonist
Amos Gaillard
21:39.200 --> 21:41.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and drummers Steven
and Herbert Wright.
21:41.400 --> 21:50.400 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
21:50.400 --> 21:59.666 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
21:59.666 --> 22:04.366 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
(Dan Morgenstern)
James Europe was
a fascinating figure
22:04.366 --> 22:06.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and would have played,
I think,
22:06.633 --> 22:09.266 align:left position:20% line:65% size:70%
an enormously important
role in American music
22:09.266 --> 22:13.666 align:left position:35% line:65% size:55%
if he hadn't,
unfortunately,
22:13.666 --> 22:18.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
been stabbed by a deranged
member of his post-war band,
22:18.666 --> 22:22.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
but in 1919, in Boston,
Europe was stabbed
22:22.966 --> 22:26.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
by his drummer in the band,
Herbert Wright.
22:26.300 --> 22:30.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
He wasn't aware of how
seriously injured he'd been.
22:30.400 --> 22:33.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Actually it was
a small wound in his neck,
22:33.933 --> 22:35.933 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
but it had
actually--
22:35.933 --> 22:39.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
it was in the jugular,
so he bled to death.
22:39.666 --> 22:41.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
He was only
39 years old.
22:41.866 --> 22:46.766 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[trumpet mournfully playing
"Amazing Grace"]
22:46.766 --> 22:50.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
(Lincoln)
Ironically, Europe's attacker,
22:50.733 --> 22:54.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Herbert Wright,
was also a Jenkins alumnus.
22:54.033 --> 23:04.066 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[trumpet mournfully playing
"Amazing Grace"]
23:04.066 --> 23:11.466 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
23:11.466 --> 23:13.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
(Lincoln)
From the streets of Charleston,
23:13.733 --> 23:16.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the bands--
for there were several--
23:16.000 --> 23:18.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
would journey
along the Eastern Seaboard
23:18.266 --> 23:20.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
as far north
as Bangor, Maine,
23:20.533 --> 23:23.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and as far south
as Miami, Florida,
23:23.166 --> 23:25.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
but the major point
of rendezvous
23:25.433 --> 23:27.433 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
was New York City.
23:27.433 --> 23:31.533 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
(Lionel Hampton)
The first time that
I heard about the band
23:31.533 --> 23:35.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and I saw the band
was in New York City.
23:35.266 --> 23:37.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They came up
for a fundraising.
23:37.533 --> 23:39.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They had all these
trumpet players,
23:39.800 --> 23:42.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and they played
all these high notes.
23:42.366 --> 23:45.766 align:left position:30% line:65% size:60%
I'm amazed a guy
can get up and play
23:45.766 --> 23:48.400 align:left position:25% line:65% size:65%
all these high notes
on a trumpet.
23:48.400 --> 23:52.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Outside that, they had some
great jazz musicians, you know.
23:52.700 --> 23:55.333 align:left position:17.5% line:65% size:72.5%
We played on
street corners sometimes,
23:55.333 --> 23:58.333 align:left position:25% line:65% size:65%
we played in school,
we played in churches,
23:58.333 --> 24:02.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
we played in the halls,
we played with the circus.
24:02.133 --> 24:05.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We played
all types of music...
24:05.066 --> 24:07.066 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
all types!
24:07.066 --> 24:10.066 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
24:10.066 --> 24:14.166 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
(Lincoln)
By 1923, the number of
bands had increased to five.
24:14.166 --> 24:17.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They were often accompanied
by a vocal group,
24:17.166 --> 24:19.166 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
The Sewanee
River Company
24:19.166 --> 24:22.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
or one of the girls' choirs,
the Jubilee Concert Company.
24:22.900 --> 24:24.900 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
By bus or boat,
24:24.900 --> 24:27.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
they traveled the East Coast
during the summer,
24:27.900 --> 24:30.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
converging at the Abyssinian
Baptist Church of Harlem,
24:30.900 --> 24:33.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
which was pastored
by ex-Charlestonian,
24:33.166 --> 24:35.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
the Reverend Adam
Clayton Powell, Sr.
24:35.433 --> 24:38.866 align:left position:17.5% line:65% size:72.5%
We gave our final concert
for the season
24:38.866 --> 24:43.800 align:left position:12.5% line:65% size:77.5%
at Abyssinian Baptist Church
with Reverend Clayton Powell.
24:43.800 --> 24:47.033 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
We had
a huge crowd.
24:47.033 --> 24:50.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
We had--seemingly,
everybody from the South
24:50.033 --> 24:52.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
knew of Charleston,
South Carolina,
24:52.533 --> 24:56.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
knew of the Jenkins Orphanage,
came out to our program.
24:56.833 --> 24:58.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
It was really
very nice,
24:58.833 --> 25:02.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and we called it the culminating
program for the year.
25:02.933 --> 25:08.666 align:left position:27.5% line:65% size:62.5%
I would take them
on the ferry
25:08.666 --> 25:11.533 align:left position:35% line:65% size:55%
from New York
to New Jersey,
25:11.533 --> 25:16.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and they sang
on the ferry.
25:16.966 --> 25:18.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
I'd make
my little speech...
25:18.966 --> 25:20.966 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
These are
the children
25:20.966 --> 25:24.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
of the Jenkins Orphanage in
Charleston, South Carolina.
25:24.433 --> 25:28.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
They are not
bad children.
25:28.100 --> 25:31.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They're just
underprivileged children,
25:31.500 --> 25:34.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
seeking an opportunity
at life.
25:34.900 --> 25:38.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It is our place
to try to help them,
25:38.700 --> 25:42.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and we are doing our best
toward helping them.
25:42.933 --> 25:46.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
If you find it
in your heart
25:46.766 --> 25:50.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to be able to contribute
a contribution to them,
25:50.300 --> 25:52.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
we would
gladly appreciate it.
25:52.566 --> 25:55.066 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
Thank you.
25:55.066 --> 25:58.000 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
[no audio]
25:58.000 --> 26:05.800 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[up-tempo
dance music]
26:05.800 --> 26:07.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
(Lincoln)
During the '20s,
26:07.800 --> 26:10.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
a new dance phenomenon
was all the rage.
26:10.800 --> 26:12.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Characterized
by a rhythmic shuffle,
26:12.800 --> 26:14.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
this dance featured
Geechee steps,
26:14.800 --> 26:17.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
which we now know
as The Charleston.
26:17.433 --> 26:21.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
While some go so far as to
credit the Jenkins showmen
26:21.533 --> 26:23.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
with actually
originating the dance,
26:23.533 --> 26:26.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
none would argue that the
Jenkins Orphanage conductors
26:26.533 --> 26:28.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
did not serve
as goodwill exponents
26:28.800 --> 26:31.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
of this Lowcountry
dance craze.
26:31.300 --> 26:33.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
(Chilton)
The musicians themselves,
26:33.300 --> 26:36.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
or some of them,
put down their instruments
26:36.300 --> 26:39.300 align:left position:22.5% line:59% size:67.5%
and actually went out
and did some steps.
26:39.300 --> 26:42.000 align:left position:25% line:59% size:65%
I feel
that this was the--
26:42.000 --> 26:44.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
the early version
of The Charleston
26:44.266 --> 26:46.266 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
that many
people saw.
26:46.266 --> 26:49.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They saw this before
sheet music was ever published
26:49.633 --> 26:52.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and recordings were made
of "The Charleston."
26:52.333 --> 26:55.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Now, that's always
been very controversial.
26:55.766 --> 27:00.466 align:left position:25% line:65% size:65%
They say that it
was started with us.
27:00.466 --> 27:03.133 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
It wasn't.
27:03.133 --> 27:06.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
It was started,
it was a dance,
27:06.300 --> 27:09.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
but now, just about
everybody in the band
27:09.366 --> 27:11.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
could do
The Charleston,
27:11.433 --> 27:13.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and everybody played
"The Charleston."
27:13.433 --> 27:17.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Of course, as we played it,
there would be people coming up,
27:17.933 --> 27:21.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and, you know, it's just one
of those things...informal.
27:21.666 --> 27:25.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
If they felt like
doing it, they'd do it.
27:25.033 --> 27:29.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The more they did, the more
we were, "Come on with it."
27:29.533 --> 27:33.033 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
27:33.033 --> 27:35.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
(Lincoln)
A ragtag group
27:35.033 --> 27:37.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
with ill-fitting uniforms
and scarred instruments,
27:37.666 --> 27:41.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
the orphanage boys and girls
were nothing if not showmen.
27:41.333 --> 27:44.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Wherever they went,
they could attract a crowd.
27:44.333 --> 27:48.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
So impressed was DuBose Heyward
when he heard the band
27:48.433 --> 27:51.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that he enthusiastically
detailed their appearance
27:51.200 --> 27:55.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
as well as their sound
in his new novel, "Porgy."
27:55.033 --> 27:59.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
When the play "Porgy" went
on tour from 1927 to 1930,
27:59.366 --> 28:02.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
included on stage
was an authentic unit
28:02.066 --> 28:04.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
of the Jenkins
Orphanage Band.
28:04.333 --> 28:07.333 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
28:07.333 --> 28:13.733 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
(male singer)
♪ Oh, somebody
tell me where... ♪
28:13.733 --> 28:15.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
(Chilton)
Of course, "Porgy"
28:15.900 --> 28:18.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
led to George Gershwin
being fascinated
28:18.366 --> 28:20.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
by South Carolina
music,
28:20.766 --> 28:23.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and so we have
"Porgy and Bess."
28:23.800 --> 28:27.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Just conjecture,
but maybe the very fact
28:27.666 --> 28:30.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that the Jenkins Orphanage
were actually providing
28:30.833 --> 28:33.133 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
the music for "Porgy"
28:33.133 --> 28:39.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
may have been the spark that
ignited Gershwin's interest.
28:39.466 --> 28:42.833 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
(Lincoln)
From Broadway popularity
to unwanted baggage,
28:42.833 --> 28:45.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
as critical times
enveloped the country,
28:45.100 --> 28:48.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the Jenkins Band found their
audiences largely diminished.
28:48.866 --> 28:50.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
(Daniels)
I guess--
28:50.866 --> 28:52.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
jumping ahead
of the story,
28:52.866 --> 28:55.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I guess that
was the downfall,
28:55.133 --> 28:59.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
because in later years,
cities...
28:59.133 --> 29:01.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
start feeling
that you're taking that money
29:01.833 --> 29:03.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
back to
South Carolina,
29:03.833 --> 29:06.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and they had
their own problems,
29:06.566 --> 29:08.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and welfare
was a problem then.
29:08.833 --> 29:10.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
They'd tell you
very nicely,
29:10.833 --> 29:14.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"I'm sorry, but you go
on back to South Carolina
29:14.566 --> 29:17.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and let South Carolina
take care of you."
29:17.566 --> 29:20.100 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
29:20.100 --> 29:23.466 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
(Lincoln)
Political problems at home
also plagued the orphanage.
29:23.466 --> 29:25.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Decimated
by major fires,
29:25.466 --> 29:28.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the Reverend Jenkins
soon had to answer charges
29:28.466 --> 29:30.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
of neglect and abuse.
29:30.466 --> 29:32.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
By the end
of the 1920s,
29:32.733 --> 29:35.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
the orphanage was
in dire financial need.
29:35.366 --> 29:39.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The Depression that plagued
the rest of the nation
29:39.033 --> 29:41.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
stalked the Jenkins
Orphanage as well.
29:41.833 --> 29:44.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
(Reverend Jenkins, dramatized)
"Dear friend of the poor,
29:44.833 --> 29:47.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
"nothing but our present
desperate financial condition
29:47.866 --> 29:51.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"could force me
to ask help at this time,
29:51.233 --> 29:53.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
"when all the country
is united
29:53.500 --> 29:56.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
"in helping the suffering
victims of the flood disaster,
29:56.866 --> 29:59.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
"but we, too,
must have help,
29:59.333 --> 30:01.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
"or my
life's work,
30:01.433 --> 30:04.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"36 years saving,
caring for,
30:04.433 --> 30:08.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
"and training thousands of
destitute, helpless children,
30:08.766 --> 30:11.533 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
"must be abandoned.
30:11.533 --> 30:14.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
"My long illness
and the failure of the bank
30:14.900 --> 30:17.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"in which my
reserve funds were kept
30:17.533 --> 30:19.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"have placed us
near starvation.
30:19.833 --> 30:22.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"Please do read
the enclosed small book
30:22.466 --> 30:25.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"and pass it on
to some friend
30:25.100 --> 30:27.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"who may be glad
to help us
30:27.733 --> 30:30.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"in this worthy
and needy cause.
30:30.700 --> 30:33.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"Thanking you for
whatever you may do.
30:33.433 --> 30:37.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Respectfully,
D.J. Jenkins, President."
30:37.833 --> 30:40.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
(Lincoln)
On March 17, 1933,
30:40.500 --> 30:42.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
fire swept through
the orphanage dormitory,
30:42.766 --> 30:44.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
gutting the entire
third floor.
30:44.766 --> 30:47.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Enraged, a group
of white citizens
30:47.033 --> 30:49.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
demanded that the city
assume control
30:49.300 --> 30:52.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
or that Reverend Jenkins
be forced to relocate
30:52.300 --> 30:54.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
in the country.
30:54.300 --> 30:56.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The city council
chambers were packed
30:56.566 --> 30:59.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
as Reverend Jenkins rose
to answer the charges.
30:59.566 --> 31:02.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
(Reverend Jenkins, dramatized)
The Lord told me
31:02.266 --> 31:05.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
not to say anything,
and He would fix it.
31:05.633 --> 31:07.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
But after hearing
these remarks,
31:07.633 --> 31:11.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I think I had better
say a few words.
31:11.000 --> 31:14.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
If you want me to go
into the country,
31:14.366 --> 31:16.366 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
give me
$50,000 quick
31:16.366 --> 31:19.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and let me build
a big place there.
31:19.366 --> 31:24.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
If you don't want to do that,
let me run it as it is.
31:24.600 --> 31:27.333 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
[no audio]
31:27.333 --> 31:29.333 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
(Lincoln)
In the end,
31:29.333 --> 31:32.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Reverend Jenkins was again
applauded for his good works.
31:32.700 --> 31:36.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It was the last major battle
for the resourceful reverend,
31:36.433 --> 31:38.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
whose health
had been failing.
31:38.766 --> 31:41.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He began to grow
progressively weaker,
31:41.633 --> 31:46.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and on July 30, 1937,
the man known across continents
31:46.433 --> 31:49.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
as "The Orphanage Man"
finally slipped away.
31:49.600 --> 31:51.600 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
31:51.600 --> 31:55.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
(female singer)
♪ Let it shine,
31:55.600 --> 32:00.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
♪ let it shine,
let it shine. ♪♪
32:00.000 --> 32:03.233 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
32:03.233 --> 32:05.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
(Green)
Edmund Jenkins was with the--
32:05.500 --> 32:10.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
his father's orphanage
band in England in 1914.
32:10.233 --> 32:17.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He came back to England
in October of 1914
32:17.300 --> 32:19.933 align:left position:15% line:65% size:75%
and joined
the Royal Academy of Music.
32:19.933 --> 32:22.766 align:left position:30% line:65% size:60%
The Royal Academy
of Music in London
32:22.766 --> 32:25.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
was founded
in the year 1822,
32:25.300 --> 32:28.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
which isn't old by Charleston,
South Carolina, standards,
32:28.300 --> 32:32.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
but it's older than many of
the other colleges in England.
32:32.400 --> 32:34.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He studied there
for seven years.
32:34.666 --> 32:36.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
At the Royal
Academy of Music,
32:36.933 --> 32:39.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
he was the subprofessor
of the clarinet,
32:39.566 --> 32:42.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
so whoever taught him
the clarinet in America
32:42.500 --> 32:45.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
must have been
an extremely skilled person.
32:45.133 --> 32:48.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Edmund Jenkins was an extremely
skilled instrumentalist.
32:48.566 --> 32:57.566 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
32:57.566 --> 33:06.633 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
33:06.633 --> 33:12.833 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
33:12.833 --> 33:15.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Edmund Jenkins
was studying music
33:15.700 --> 33:18.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
at Morehouse College
with Kemper Harreld,
33:18.300 --> 33:21.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
who was a very
skilled tutor,
33:21.066 --> 33:24.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
a man whose--
through whose school
33:24.800 --> 33:26.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
many, many fine
musicians came.
33:26.833 --> 33:30.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
In the jazz sense, the finest
musician to have come through
33:30.933 --> 33:33.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
under Kemper Harreld
was Fletcher Henderson.
33:33.200 --> 33:35.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Fletcher Henderson
made the arrangements
33:35.200 --> 33:37.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
for the orchestras
of Benny Goodman.
33:37.466 --> 33:40.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So the Swing Era
is Benny Goodman's orchestra
33:40.433 --> 33:42.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
playing
Fletcher Henderson's music,
33:42.400 --> 33:45.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and Fletcher Henderson
was taught by Kemper Harreld.
33:45.400 --> 33:48.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
So we're talking
of an important individual.
33:48.033 --> 33:51.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Kemper Harreld's favorite pupil
was Edmund Jenkins.
33:51.133 --> 33:54.633 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
(Morgenstern)
Jenkins was, apparently,
an excellent clarinetist,
33:54.633 --> 33:56.633 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
and he did appear
33:56.633 --> 34:02.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
in one of the earliest
British-made jazz recordings,
34:02.200 --> 34:07.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
"Queen's" Dance Orchestra,
something like that.
34:07.666 --> 34:10.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The instigator was,
at that time,
34:10.900 --> 34:13.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
a young pianist
named Jack Hylton,
34:13.666 --> 34:16.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
who later became,
so to speak,
34:16.333 --> 34:18.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
the Paul Whiteman
of England
34:18.666 --> 34:21.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and had an enormously
successful band,
34:21.666 --> 34:26.666 align:left position:10% line:65% size:80%
used to develop a lot of
famous-to-be British musicians.
34:26.666 --> 34:30.700 align:left position:15% line:65% size:75%
But this was
his first recording venture,
34:30.700 --> 34:33.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and it was
quite probably
34:33.533 --> 34:37.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the first integrated band
to make records.
34:37.000 --> 34:40.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He was a pianist, an organist,
and a clarinet player.
34:40.666 --> 34:42.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I once
had the privilege
34:42.666 --> 34:45.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
of talking to one
of his colleagues,
34:45.300 --> 34:47.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
one of his friends,
34:47.300 --> 34:51.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
who told me that he was
the first saxophone player--
34:51.033 --> 34:54.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
of any race--
to lead a dance band in Paris.
34:54.766 --> 34:57.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
We're talking
about the year 1923.
34:57.033 --> 34:59.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Edmund Jenkins
wrote music,
34:59.033 --> 35:03.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and the titles show that
he was proud to be black...
35:03.200 --> 35:05.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"Afram,"
the "African War Dogs."
35:05.200 --> 35:08.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
He was proud to be
from South Carolina.
35:08.200 --> 35:10.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He wrote an orchestral piece
called "Charlestonia."
35:10.833 --> 35:13.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
We're not talking
about a piece
35:13.100 --> 35:15.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
written for a
seven-piece jazz band.
35:15.733 --> 35:18.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
We're talking
about a piece
35:18.000 --> 35:20.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
written for a 50-
to 70-piece orchestra
35:20.633 --> 35:23.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
with three double basses,
a piano and timpani,
35:23.633 --> 35:26.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
three French horns,
all that sort of thing.
35:26.633 --> 35:30.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
His obituaries in the American
press were written by friends
35:30.366 --> 35:34.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
who'd met him
during his rather sad period
35:34.033 --> 35:36.033 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
between 1923
and 1924.
35:36.033 --> 35:39.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
When he went back
from Europe full of hopes,
35:39.400 --> 35:41.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
found that
the Black Renaissance
35:41.666 --> 35:45.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
didn't include
the sort of music-making,
35:45.000 --> 35:49.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the orchestral music-making that
he wanted to be involved in,
35:49.966 --> 35:52.300 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
he returned
to France.
35:52.300 --> 35:56.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
He spent the last two years
of his life based in Paris,
35:56.800 --> 36:00.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but Edmund Jenkins' death
at the age of 32
36:00.166 --> 36:02.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
cut off the promise
so early
36:02.500 --> 36:05.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that his American friends
could only talk about
36:05.500 --> 36:07.500 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
what might
have been.
36:07.500 --> 36:12.166 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
36:12.166 --> 36:15.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
When I look into
not only Edmund Jenkins
36:15.166 --> 36:19.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but Emerson Harper,
the other clarinet player
36:19.100 --> 36:21.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in the Jenkins
Orphanage Band,
36:21.433 --> 36:23.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
who were
in England in 1914,
36:23.700 --> 36:28.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Emerson Harper's career
in music-making in New York
36:28.066 --> 36:30.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
was in the orchestral
and radio sector.
36:30.800 --> 36:32.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Despite the fierce
racial prejudice
36:32.800 --> 36:34.800 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
and bigotry
of the time,
36:34.800 --> 36:36.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
he was
an individual--
36:36.800 --> 36:40.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Emerson Harper of the Jenkins
Orphanage was an individual
36:40.166 --> 36:43.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
who was capable of
standing up to the extent
36:43.900 --> 36:49.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that Langston Hughes
dedicated his autobiography,
36:49.333 --> 36:53.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
"The Big Sea," to
Emerson Harper and his wife.
36:53.200 --> 36:55.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Langston Hughes lived
in New York City
36:55.833 --> 36:57.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
with Emerson Harper.
36:57.833 --> 37:00.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Emerson Harper,
as a professional musician,
37:00.133 --> 37:03.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
a music-maker trained
by the Jenkins Orphanage Band,
37:03.933 --> 37:06.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
exists on the margin
of jazz
37:06.200 --> 37:10.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
because he made one or two
records in the jazz idiom.
37:10.300 --> 37:13.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
If you discard
the jazz side of it
37:13.300 --> 37:17.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and say "black music-making,"
"orchestral music-making,"
37:17.833 --> 37:22.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Emerson Harper is one example
and Edmund Jenkins is another.
37:22.233 --> 37:24.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
We must
ask ourselves,
37:24.233 --> 37:26.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
What happened
to the other instrumentalists,
37:26.666 --> 37:30.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
not the ones like Jabbo Smith
or Bill Benford,
37:30.900 --> 37:34.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
who worked in the field
of jazz music-making,
37:34.266 --> 37:38.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but the others who made music
of a different sort?
37:38.266 --> 37:40.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
(Lincoln)
While the impact
37:40.266 --> 37:42.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
of Jenkins musicians
on the classical world
37:42.833 --> 37:45.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
may be based
largely on conjecture,
37:45.100 --> 37:48.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
there is no doubt
that the Jenkins Orphanage Band
37:48.566 --> 37:50.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
fueled the development
of jazz.
37:50.833 --> 37:54.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Thomas Delaney, a prolific
composer and pianist
37:54.166 --> 37:56.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
who toured
the vaudeville circuits,
37:56.466 --> 37:59.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
pinned the jazz standard
"Jasmine Blues."
37:59.566 --> 38:03.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Amos White,
who entered Jenkins in 1900,
38:03.166 --> 38:05.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
established
a respectable career
38:05.500 --> 38:08.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in New Orleans
during the early '20s.
38:08.500 --> 38:10.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The Aiken Brothers,
Gus and Buddy,
38:10.766 --> 38:14.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
were a vital part
of the New York recording scene
38:14.500 --> 38:16.500 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
in the early '20s.
38:16.500 --> 38:18.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Both toured
with Fletcher Henderson
38:18.500 --> 38:20.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
before joining
other groups.
38:20.500 --> 38:23.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Gus is perhaps
best-known for a recording
38:23.500 --> 38:25.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
made with Sidney Bechet
around 1941.
38:25.766 --> 38:29.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He was also a member
of the Luis Russell Band,
38:29.500 --> 38:32.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that played backup Armstrong
in the early '30s.
38:32.500 --> 38:36.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Another Jenkins
Orphanage alumnus
38:36.500 --> 38:39.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
was the trombonist
Geechie Fields,
38:39.600 --> 38:42.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
who is not
very well-documented
38:42.866 --> 38:47.366 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
but is important
because he recorded
with Jelly Roll Morton
38:47.366 --> 38:51.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in a band that also
included Tommy Benford.
38:51.133 --> 38:54.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
That was a band
that Jelly put together
38:54.433 --> 38:59.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
up in New York
in, uh, the late '20s.
38:59.000 --> 39:01.700 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
(Lincoln)
Tommy Benford
was a great drummer
39:01.700 --> 39:03.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
who recorded
with Jelly Roll Morton,
39:03.966 --> 39:08.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
then later made a famous
record date in Paris in 1937
39:08.066 --> 39:10.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
with Coleman Hopkins,
Benny Carter,
39:10.066 --> 39:12.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
and Django Reinhardt.
39:12.066 --> 39:14.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The first acknowledged
Jenkins Band star
39:14.700 --> 39:16.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
was Cladys "Jabbo" Smith.
39:16.700 --> 39:18.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Jabbo Smith
was another one
39:18.966 --> 39:21.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
of the great trumpet
players of all time.
39:21.966 --> 39:24.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Oh, Jabbo
was phenomenal!
39:24.033 --> 39:26.033 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
I mean, Jabbo...
39:26.033 --> 39:28.033 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
I guess
his earliest,
39:28.033 --> 39:30.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
some of
his earliest stuff
39:30.366 --> 39:34.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
was with Charlie Johnson's
band here in New York.
39:34.033 --> 39:39.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The things that he made
under his own name in Chicago,
39:39.300 --> 39:44.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
he obviously
had, uh, caught on
39:44.300 --> 39:47.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to what Louis Armstrong
was doing,
39:47.300 --> 39:50.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and had his own way
of interpreting that.
39:50.633 --> 39:53.633 align:left position:25% line:65% size:65%
But he did it
in a different way.
39:53.633 --> 39:55.633 align:left position:32.5% line:65% size:57.5%
He didn't
imitate Louis.
39:55.633 --> 39:57.900 align:left position:30% line:65% size:60%
You see,
all of his life,
39:57.900 --> 40:02.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Jabbo has been compared
to Louis Armstrong,
40:02.000 --> 40:06.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but people don't understand
that it was not by the style.
40:06.333 --> 40:10.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
He was--really
should have been compared
40:10.000 --> 40:12.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
as another
great trumpet player
40:12.800 --> 40:15.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
who was totally different
from Louis in style.
40:15.800 --> 40:19.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Jabbo had his own style,
had nothing to do with Louis,
40:19.900 --> 40:21.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
but he
was great too.
40:21.900 --> 40:23.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He had
tremendous speed.
40:23.900 --> 40:26.566 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
My old friend
Roy Eldridge
40:26.566 --> 40:30.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
who, unfortunately,
isn't with us anymore,
40:30.266 --> 40:35.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
but--Roy was
in a jam session,
40:35.066 --> 40:39.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
kind of a cutting contest
with Jabbo in the '20s.
40:39.866 --> 40:43.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He always talked about
how impressive Jabbo was,
40:43.466 --> 40:45.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and Roy
was another one
40:45.466 --> 40:49.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
who loved to play
very fast on the horn.
40:49.466 --> 40:52.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
That's what really
impressed him about Jabbo,
40:52.166 --> 40:55.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
was the speed
that he had.
40:55.000 --> 41:01.733 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[up-tempo
trumpet playing]
41:01.733 --> 41:03.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
(Gordon)
Well, it depends
41:03.733 --> 41:06.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
on what year
you're talking about.
41:06.000 --> 41:10.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
If you wanted to know about
Jabbo when he was a young man
41:10.866 --> 41:14.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and just out of the orphanage
and doing his first recordings,
41:14.966 --> 41:17.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that's what caught him
at, actually, his peak.
41:17.966 --> 41:20.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
When he was
17 or 18 years old,
41:20.966 --> 41:23.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
he did make
a series of records.
41:23.600 --> 41:26.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
So his playing
was unbelievable,
41:26.733 --> 41:29.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
not like any
other trumpet player
41:29.233 --> 41:31.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
who was playing
at the time.
41:31.566 --> 41:33.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It was
very avant-garde.
41:33.833 --> 41:36.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
It was
like a meteor.
41:36.466 --> 41:39.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
He was doing things
on the trumpet
41:39.100 --> 41:41.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that Louis Armstrong
didn't do,
41:41.033 --> 41:44.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
because they didn't even
know each other at that point.
41:44.766 --> 41:48.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
So Jabbo was a very
original trumpet player...
41:48.966 --> 41:55.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
very dynamic, very daring,
and hit those high registers
41:55.000 --> 41:57.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
before that
became something
41:57.000 --> 41:59.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that lots of
trumpet players did.
41:59.933 --> 42:03.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
So you see,
Jabbo is a seminal figure
42:03.000 --> 42:05.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
into the modern trumpet,
unbeknownst to Jabbo.
42:05.633 --> 42:08.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He just had
that kind of character.
42:08.266 --> 42:10.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He's just a wild,
irrepressible person,
42:10.533 --> 42:12.533 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
and handsome.
42:12.533 --> 42:17.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
He was just filled with
the joy of life and his trumpet.
42:17.033 --> 42:19.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
So he played
the way he thought,
42:19.666 --> 42:23.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
wild and extemporaneous
and very beautiful.
42:23.133 --> 42:27.633 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
(Lincoln)
Although mentioned
in numerous jazz anthologies,
42:27.633 --> 42:31.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Jabbo, who was equally adept
on the trombone and euphonium,
42:31.533 --> 42:35.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
never really achieved
much widespread public fame.
42:35.700 --> 42:40.500 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
(Gordon)
There was a great guitar player
by the name of Teddy Bunn.
42:40.500 --> 42:42.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
There's
records on him...
42:42.500 --> 42:44.500 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
he was fabulous!
42:44.500 --> 42:46.500 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
He knew Jabbo.
42:46.500 --> 42:50.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
If I have the story straight,
he went to get Jabbo,
42:50.600 --> 42:53.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
because he heard Louis
playing at this ball.
42:53.600 --> 42:55.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
He said, "Jabbo,
get your horn!
42:55.866 --> 42:59.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
"I want you to go down there
and hear this guy,
42:59.966 --> 43:02.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and I want you
to cut him."
43:02.666 --> 43:06.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So Jabbo, who was not
aggressive in any way, did go.
43:06.766 --> 43:09.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He went and played
in the band,
43:09.400 --> 43:12.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and he and Louis
had this session.
43:12.033 --> 43:15.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Now, Louis' big number
was "West End Blues,"
43:15.033 --> 43:17.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
which is gorgeous
to this day.
43:17.366 --> 43:20.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Well, Jabbo
picked up and did it
43:20.000 --> 43:22.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and just floated away,
and he--
43:22.266 --> 43:24.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
for the witnesses
who were there
43:24.533 --> 43:26.566 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
who are
alive today,
43:26.566 --> 43:30.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
all say
that Jabbo cut Louis.
43:30.000 --> 43:32.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Jabbo's been rediscovered
so many times.
43:32.500 --> 43:34.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
One of his later
discoveries
43:34.566 --> 43:37.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
was for the play
"One Mo' Time!"
43:37.200 --> 43:39.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that the wonderful
young man,
43:39.200 --> 43:42.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Vernel Bagneris,
wrote from New Orleans.
43:42.166 --> 43:44.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He got involved
in "One Mo' Time!"
43:44.800 --> 43:47.800 align:left position:12.5% line:65% size:77.5%
because Orange Kellen,
who was our musical director,
43:47.800 --> 43:51.166 align:left position:15% line:65% size:75%
had been touring and looking
for certain jazz legends
43:51.166 --> 43:53.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that everybody
collected their albums.
43:53.333 --> 43:55.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
One of those
was Jabbo Smith.
43:55.600 --> 43:58.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He found out that Jabbo
was quite alive
43:58.600 --> 44:00.666 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and living
in Milwaukee.
44:00.666 --> 44:02.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
So he brought
him down
44:02.666 --> 44:06.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and tried to get
his lip back in shape.
44:06.033 --> 44:08.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
It takes
a few months
44:08.033 --> 44:11.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
just to get the lip
to a certain point.
44:11.400 --> 44:14.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He came to see
"One Mo' Time!"
44:14.033 --> 44:16.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
while he was
in New Orleans.
44:16.300 --> 44:19.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
He was like a child
at a circus!
44:19.300 --> 44:21.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
He enjoyed
every moment of it.
44:21.566 --> 44:25.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He believed every moment of it
because it was his era.
44:25.666 --> 44:29.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He asked if he
could be in the show.
44:29.033 --> 44:31.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I said,
"I'll find a way."
44:31.300 --> 44:35.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
So I wrote him a part
as a janitor at the Lyric.
44:35.800 --> 44:39.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I think it changed
as Vernel got to know Jabbo,
44:39.533 --> 44:41.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and Jabbo picked up
his trumpet.
44:41.733 --> 44:45.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He got a better script
than just the janitor.
44:45.766 --> 44:49.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Then he was incorporated
into the band in New Orleans.
44:49.500 --> 44:54.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Then the play came to New York
at the Village Gate here,
44:54.000 --> 44:56.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
where it was
a huge success!
44:56.266 --> 45:01.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Jabbo played trumpet and was
in the band and sang two songs,
45:01.200 --> 45:04.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
his own compositions,
"Love" and "Yes, Yes, Yes."
45:04.200 --> 45:08.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Well, the city went crazy...
Jabbo was a star again!
45:08.200 --> 45:13.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
He's now in his 70s,
and the phoenix has arisen!
45:13.133 --> 45:21.366 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
45:21.366 --> 45:25.100 align:left position:15% line:65% size:75%
The title of our next number
is "The Prowling Cat,"
45:25.100 --> 45:28.100 align:left position:22.5% line:65% size:67.5%
and "The Prowling Cat"
will be executed by,
45:28.100 --> 45:30.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
or, rather, performed by,
Cat Anderson.
45:30.366 --> 45:37.366 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[trumpet solo]
45:37.366 --> 45:42.933 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
45:42.933 --> 45:45.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
(Chilton)
One of the strong points
45:45.900 --> 45:51.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
of the Jenkins Orphanage
trumpet playing and players
45:51.066 --> 45:54.500 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
is the excellent range,
45:54.500 --> 45:58.500 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and this was...
45:58.500 --> 46:02.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
worked on avidly
by the pupils themselves.
46:02.966 --> 46:06.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
In the early days,
it's--
46:06.300 --> 46:08.300 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
playing high
on the trumpet
46:08.300 --> 46:10.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
is rather like
the four-minute mile.
46:10.933 --> 46:14.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
There was a sort of barrier
for a long time.
46:14.666 --> 46:18.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Then people broke through
and began to play
46:18.200 --> 46:24.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
above what we call "top C"
or what was called "top C."
46:24.200 --> 46:26.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
People thought
that was just about
46:26.466 --> 46:29.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
as far as you dared go,
or could go,
46:29.833 --> 46:34.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but certainly,
someone like Cat Anderson,
46:34.500 --> 46:38.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
one of the big stars
of the Jenkins Orphanage Band,
46:38.566 --> 46:42.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
could go at least
an octave above that...
46:42.433 --> 46:46.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
I mean, at least
an octave, comfortably!
46:46.266 --> 46:49.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He worked on this,
and there was rivalry...
46:49.266 --> 46:51.266 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
who could go
the highest?
46:51.266 --> 46:53.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Who could run faster,
as it were?
46:53.933 --> 46:57.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Cat was not only
an amazing high-note man,
46:57.666 --> 47:01.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but he was a great
all-around trumpet player.
47:01.100 --> 47:04.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He could play anything
you put in front of him.
47:04.833 --> 47:06.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
He could growl.
47:06.833 --> 47:08.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He could imitate
the style,
47:08.833 --> 47:11.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and he was very useful
to Ellington.
47:11.466 --> 47:20.466 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
47:20.466 --> 47:29.466 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
47:29.466 --> 47:37.466 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
47:37.466 --> 47:40.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Cat Anderson was
an amazing jazz musician
47:40.100 --> 47:42.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and an excellent
arranger and writer.
47:42.466 --> 47:45.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I think that training
must have been something
47:45.466 --> 47:47.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
that he got
at Jenkins,
47:47.500 --> 47:49.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
because there weren't,
you know,
47:49.666 --> 47:53.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
too many guys who were
that well-equipped all around.
47:53.566 --> 47:56.566 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
(Lincoln)
Anderson and several
of his Jenkins colleagues
47:56.566 --> 47:59.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
left the orphanage
in the early '30s
47:59.200 --> 48:01.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to form the
Carolina Cotton Pickers,
48:01.533 --> 48:03.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
a group which enjoyed
moderate success
48:03.800 --> 48:06.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and recorded
for Vocalion.
48:06.300 --> 48:09.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Carolina Cotton Pickers...
he came out of that band.
48:09.966 --> 48:14.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They came to New York
and played the Apollo Theater.
48:14.233 --> 48:17.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I got Cat
out of that band.
48:17.400 --> 48:20.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
He stayed with me
for a long time
48:20.400 --> 48:22.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
before he went
to Duke Ellington.
48:22.666 --> 48:24.666 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
He was
a good guy.
48:24.666 --> 48:28.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He didn't like to hear
the guys play the wrong way.
48:28.766 --> 48:32.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
If a guy would--wasn't
playing right on his horn,
48:32.500 --> 48:35.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
well, Cat would
get on him, you know!
48:35.500 --> 48:37.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He would learn
him something, though.
48:37.766 --> 48:41.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He'd say, "Man, you
got to play like this."
48:41.066 --> 48:44.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
There were several
who were the same way.
48:44.066 --> 48:46.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
He was
a quiet guy.
48:46.066 --> 48:49.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He did all of his talking
with his horn.
48:49.433 --> 48:52.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He could talk with his horn,
all right!
48:52.433 --> 48:59.100 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
48:59.100 --> 49:05.833 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
49:05.833 --> 49:09.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Like I said before,
Cat used to play so high,
49:09.566 --> 49:12.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I thought he
was playing a fiddle!
49:12.200 --> 49:15.200 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[laughing]
49:15.200 --> 49:20.033 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
(male singer)
♪ I love you like mad...
I love you like crazy. ♪♪
49:20.033 --> 49:23.033 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
49:23.033 --> 49:26.400 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
(Lincoln)
Peanuts Holland was another
trumpet player of note.
49:26.400 --> 49:31.400 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
[trumpet solo]
49:31.400 --> 49:36.633 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
49:36.633 --> 49:40.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Holland and an excellent
trombonist named Snub Moseley
49:40.133 --> 49:43.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
were the stars
of the Alphonse Trent Band,
49:43.133 --> 49:45.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
which was headquartered
in Texas.
49:45.466 --> 49:48.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Several recordings from
the late '20s and early '30s
49:48.833 --> 49:51.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
showcase Peanuts
at his best.
49:51.500 --> 49:58.866 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
49:58.866 --> 50:00.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
During
the mid-'40s
50:00.866 --> 50:02.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Holland was
a featured trumpeter
50:02.866 --> 50:05.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and singer
with the Charlie Barnet Band.
50:05.500 --> 50:07.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
In 1946
he went to Europe
50:07.766 --> 50:10.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
with a band
organized by Don Redman.
50:10.400 --> 50:13.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This was the first
American jazz band
50:13.033 --> 50:16.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to go to Europe
following World War II.
50:16.033 --> 50:20.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
♪ Baby's got a heart like
a rock in the deep blue sea. ♪
50:20.533 --> 50:23.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
♪ Hey, pretty baby,
what you gonna do with me? ♪♪
50:23.900 --> 50:28.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I think the band encouraged
showmanship as well,
50:28.233 --> 50:31.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
which is an important factor
of musical presentation.
50:31.933 --> 50:37.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Sylvester Briscoe was
an early star of the band.
50:37.133 --> 50:40.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
He could play
very adeptly with his feet.
50:40.900 --> 50:43.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
He could
get his feet--
50:43.233 --> 50:45.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
taking his shoes off,
naturally--
50:45.433 --> 50:48.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
around the slide
of the trombone
50:48.166 --> 50:52.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and play very technical
pieces in that way,
50:52.133 --> 50:56.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
which is--well, it
brought the house down!
50:56.933 --> 51:01.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
At least it...the sidewalk
went crazy when he did this.
51:01.400 --> 51:04.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
So the interesting
thing is,
51:04.000 --> 51:08.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I think all of the Jenkins
Orphanage musicians
51:08.633 --> 51:11.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
had a sort of
musical presence.
51:11.066 --> 51:14.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Whenever I saw them
in action in later years,
51:14.433 --> 51:17.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I was always impressed
by the fact
51:17.066 --> 51:22.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that they got their music
over boldly and with skill.
51:22.100 --> 51:24.733 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
(Lincoln)
Another Jenkins protégé
was Freddie Green,
51:24.733 --> 51:27.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
master of Count Basie's
percussive rhythm beat.
51:27.366 --> 51:29.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Although not an
orphanage inmate himself,
51:29.966 --> 51:33.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Green once sang
with the band on tour.
51:33.066 --> 51:36.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Later he took music theory
lessons at the orphanage.
51:36.466 --> 51:38.533 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
51:38.533 --> 51:41.633 align:left position:30% line:65% size:60%
He and Basie were
sort of synonymous.
51:41.633 --> 51:45.366 align:left position:12.5% line:65% size:77.5%
You know, I mean, when
anyone thought of Count Basie,
51:45.366 --> 51:47.633 align:left position:27.5% line:65% size:62.5%
they also thought
of Freddie Green.
51:47.633 --> 51:53.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Freddie spent
49 years and 52 weeks
51:53.966 --> 51:56.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in the band
with Count Basie.
51:56.866 --> 52:00.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
He immediately
sort of, uh...
52:00.933 --> 52:02.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
took me
under his wing
52:02.933 --> 52:06.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
when he realized that
I was from South Carolina.
52:06.300 --> 52:08.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We talked
about South Carolina.
52:08.300 --> 52:10.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He talked
about a Professor Blake,
52:10.566 --> 52:12.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
by the way,
at Jenkins Orphanage,
52:12.833 --> 52:15.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
who taught him harmony
and theory
52:15.100 --> 52:18.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
on Sunday afternoons
when he'd go by the orphanage.
52:18.466 --> 52:23.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Professor Blake, evidently, was
one of the teachers at Jenkins.
52:23.400 --> 52:25.400 align:left position:35% line:65% size:55%
"Mr. Rhythm"
we called him,
52:25.400 --> 52:30.066 align:left position:22.5% line:65% size:67.5%
because he...
he established the art
52:30.066 --> 52:34.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
of rhythm guitar playing
with the orchestra
52:34.033 --> 52:38.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
in a way that no one else
has been able to emulate.
52:38.633 --> 52:44.566 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
52:44.566 --> 52:48.766 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
52:48.766 --> 52:52.700 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
(Morganstern)
Freddie was an
extraordinary phenomenon.
52:52.700 --> 52:58.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
He was--in effect, he was
the only rhythm guitarist
52:58.400 --> 53:02.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
who survived
the revolutionary change
53:02.466 --> 53:05.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in the use of
that instrument in jazz,
53:05.466 --> 53:09.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
which, mainly through the impact
of Charlie Christian,
53:09.333 --> 53:13.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
then became amplified
and became a solo instrument
53:13.766 --> 53:16.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
rather than part
of the rhythm section.
53:16.400 --> 53:20.233 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[drum solo]
53:20.233 --> 53:23.233 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
(Lincoln)
Rufus "Speedy" Jones
was a great drummer
53:23.233 --> 53:26.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
who often played gigs with
the Jenkins Orphanage Band.
53:26.600 --> 53:29.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
As a child he learned
to play trumpet, clarinet,
53:29.966 --> 53:32.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
violin, and sax
before turning to the drums.
53:32.966 --> 53:35.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He played with a host
of major figures,
53:35.966 --> 53:38.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
including Lionel Hampton,
Red Allen, Woody Herman,
53:38.600 --> 53:41.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Duke Ellington,
Maynard Ferguson, and Basie.
53:41.466 --> 53:47.466 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[drum solo]
53:47.466 --> 53:52.266 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[drum solo]
53:52.266 --> 53:56.933 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
(Morganstern)
He really was
devoted to the drums
53:56.933 --> 54:01.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and very serious
and he had terrific hands...
54:01.033 --> 54:03.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
very good technical drummer...
extraordinary!
54:03.200 --> 54:05.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
He had
great endurance,
54:05.200 --> 54:07.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
which probably
came from the fact
54:07.466 --> 54:10.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that he was practicing
all of the time!
54:10.466 --> 54:19.900 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[drum solo]
54:19.900 --> 54:28.900 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
54:28.900 --> 54:35.900 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
54:35.900 --> 54:40.466 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
54:40.466 --> 54:43.666 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
[cheering
and applause]
54:43.666 --> 54:47.500 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
54:47.500 --> 54:50.500 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
(Lincoln)
Not all Jenkins
sidemen reached stardom,
54:50.500 --> 54:53.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
but the list of sidemen
is impressive.
54:53.333 --> 54:57.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
They peopled the famous bands
of the '20s, '30s, and '40s,
54:57.566 --> 55:00.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
lending their efforts
to Lucky Millinder,
55:00.033 --> 55:03.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Charlie Johnson,
Blanche Calloway, Luis Russell,
55:03.766 --> 55:06.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Claude Hopkins,
Dizzy Gillespie,
55:06.166 --> 55:08.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Fletcher Henderson,
Jelly Roll Morton,
55:08.633 --> 55:11.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Duke Ellington,
Count Basie, and more!
55:11.133 --> 55:13.133 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Today there
are no bands
55:13.133 --> 55:15.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to support the reduced
number of children
55:15.766 --> 55:19.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
now entrusted to foster care
at the orphanage.
55:19.000 --> 55:21.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The orphanage
has a new mission,
55:21.466 --> 55:25.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but the legacy of the Jenkins
Orphanage Band lives on
55:25.333 --> 55:28.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in the musical heritage
it inspired.
55:28.700 --> 55:38.666 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
55:38.666 --> 55:42.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
(Lonnie Hamilton)
I would get to know the guys
55:42.333 --> 55:44.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
by hanging
around the band.
55:44.333 --> 55:46.966 align:left position:27.5% line:65% size:62.5%
I would hold
the music for them
55:46.966 --> 55:49.600 align:left position:20% line:65% size:70%
because they were
playing on the street...
55:49.600 --> 55:51.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
they had
no stands.
55:51.600 --> 55:53.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
These guys were
exceptional musicians.
55:53.600 --> 55:56.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Anybody that came
out of that orphanage
55:56.233 --> 55:58.233 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
at that time
really played.
55:58.233 --> 56:05.433 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
56:05.433 --> 56:07.433 align:left position:27.5% line:65% size:62.5%
There was a time,
though,
56:07.433 --> 56:09.700 align:left position:22.5% line:65% size:67.5%
that the Northerners,
black and white,
56:09.700 --> 56:11.700 align:left position:27.5% line:65% size:62.5%
thought that
all the musicians
56:11.700 --> 56:13.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
from Charleston,
South Carolina, were good
56:13.966 --> 56:17.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
because of being preceded by
the Jenkins Orphanage history.
56:17.333 --> 56:20.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Even if you had
nothing to do with it,
56:20.700 --> 56:23.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
they assumed that if
you were in Charleston,
56:23.700 --> 56:25.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
you'd seen
the Jenkins Orphanage Band,
56:25.966 --> 56:27.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
you got something
from it.
56:27.966 --> 56:29.966 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
That's still
true today.
56:29.966 --> 56:38.966 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
56:38.966 --> 56:47.900 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
56:47.900 --> 56:55.400 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
56:55.400 --> 57:00.066 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
[cheering
and applause]
57:00.066 --> 57:02.400 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
57:02.400 --> 57:08.733 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
57:08.733 --> 57:14.733 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5%
♪
Program captioned by:
CompuScripts Captioning, Inc.
803.988.8438.
57:14.733 --> 57:24.400 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
57:24.400 --> 57:33.733 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
57:33.733 --> 57:42.666 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
57:42.666 --> 57:51.666 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪
57:51.666 --> 58:00.066 align:left position:80% line:5% size:10%
♪