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Making It Grow is 
brought to you in part by

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Certified South Carolina.

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This cooperative effort 
among farmers, retailers

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and the South Carolina 
Department

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of Agriculture helps 
consumers identify foods

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and agricultural products 
that are grown,

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harvested or raised

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right here in the Palmetto 
State.

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McLeod Farms in McBee, 
South Carolina

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family owned and operated 
since 1916.

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This family farm offers 
seasonal produce,

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including over 
40 varieties of peaches.

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Wesley Commons 
a full service continuing

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care retirement community 
located on more than 150

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wooded acres in Greenwood, 
South Carolina.

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Additional funding provided by 
the South Carolina Farm Bureau

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Federation and Farm Bureau 
Insurance and Boone Hall Farms.

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♪

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♪

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♪

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♪

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Amanda> Well, good evening, 
and welcome to Making It Grow.

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We're glad that you can 
join us tonight.

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I'm Amanda McNulty, 
a Clemson Extension agent,

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horticulture agent,

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and I get to come over 
with my friend

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and co-host, Terasa Lott.

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And, Terasa, 
it's just so much fun

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to learn new things 
all the time. Isn't it?

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Terasa> It really is.

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I hope that 
I am a lifelong learner

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and try to learn 
at least one new thing

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every day, and being here 
on Making It Grow

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affords me 
that opportunity.

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Amanda> And you're the Midlands 
director?

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Terasa> District Extension 
Director.

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Amanda> Okay. It's a long title.

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Terasa> It is, it is.

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It just means I have the 
pleasure of working with

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about 39 staff members 
in our nine extension

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offices in the middle 
of the state,

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and helping them 
to serve our citizens.

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Amanda> Okay. Thanks so much. 
Vicky Bertagnolli

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over in Aiken, 
helping people

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over in that sandy, 
sandy soil area.

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And, but you're also 
helping people at HGIC.

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Vicky> Yep, I work both.

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I work, 
the Extension office

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in person

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and then help with emails 
at the Home and Garden

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Information Center.

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Amanda> Okay. So you 
don't do as many phone calls

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at the Home and Garden 
Information Center.

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>> No, it's just all emails 
and I handle.

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But I do handle phone 
calls in my office.

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Amanda> Okay. All right, 
so if somebody has

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a question over your way, 
they can call you.

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>> You can call, email, text 
or send me an email at HGIC.

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You just put attention 
Vicky on there. >> Okay.

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Or you can walk 
in the door.

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Amanda> Yeah, walk in the door. 
Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay.

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And Hannah Mikell,

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I'm just enjoying 
having you come

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and be with us because 
you're an agronomy agent.

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And, farming,

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agriculture 
is the largest part

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of South Carolina's 
economy.

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>> That's right. Yes, right.

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We have our top 
ten commodities

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that I get to work with

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quite a few of them. 
Amanda> Do you?

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Hannah> Almost all of them. 
Yeah.

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Amanda> Okay. 
Isn't that something?

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Is watermelon 
one of them?

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>> No, it's not, 
but we are seeing

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some of the moderate size 
farmers

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who are either going 
to have to go all in

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and more acreage 
and row crop,

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or they're going to do 
some niche marketing.

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And because they already 
have some of the equipment

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and irrigation, 
they have started

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planning some more, 
watermelon acres.

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Amanda> Oh, cool! 
>> We just needed a market, so.

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Amanda> Yeah. Well, I tell you,

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South Carolina watermelons 
are good.

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Hannah> They are delicious. 
Amanda> They sure are. Okay.

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And Davis Sanders down here 
from South Pleasantburg,

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I finally realized it's 
not North Pleasantburg.

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Nurseries on the banks 
of the Reedy River. >> Mm-hm.

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Amanda> Yeah, yeah. 
>> Thanks for having me back.

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Amanda> Yeah. 
Davis> It's always a pleasure.

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Amanda> And I think y'all are, 
it's easy to find.

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It is, if, 
if you're familiar at all

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with Greenville, the 
South Pleasantburg Drive

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is part of what used to be 
known as the 291 bypass.

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It connects I-85 
to Highway 25, US 25.

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But, we're 
about a mile off of I-85.

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We're just south of 
Greenville Tech.

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Amanda> Okay, well, 
that makes it easy.

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Yeah, yeah. Okay.

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Well, goodness gracious.

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Well, we're going to have

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some fun things 
for you to watch.

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In between 
answering your questions,

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we have, going to Riverbanks Zoo 
where they had,

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you should see 
the greenhouse.

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It is a marvel of up to 
dateness, if that's fair to say,

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so lots to stay tuned for.

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And one thing, Terasa, we can do

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is always start off 
with the beautiful things

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people have shared 
with us.

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Sometimes they're beautiful 
and sometimes they're whimsical.

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Terasa> You are right, 
we could probably use

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lots of adjectives 
to describe

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because everyone's yard 
is personalized, right?

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So let's take a look 
at your yards,

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your gardens, 
your landscapes,

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or a beautiful place in South 
Carolina has many of them.

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Today 
we begin with Sarah Huff,

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who shared 
Carousel Mountain Laurel

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with its white starburst 
flowers

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dotted with irregular 
maroon splotches,

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and she noted that 
the photo...

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She took the photo,

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but it was grown 
by Patty Huff.

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So congratulations for 
your successful gardening!

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Virginia James 
shared a cabbage

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that appears 
to be swallowed up by the

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leaves of some potatoes 
that are also being grown.

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From Lynne Hester,

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we have Rocky Shoals 
spider lilies

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grown at Parks Mill 
in Plum Branch.

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From Sharon Enlow,

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a patch of blue 
eyed grass,

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which is a lovely little 
native species.

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And we wrap up 
with Allyson Hirsch,

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whose mailbox 
had been hit by a car.

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And what we're seeing, 
is what has grown back.

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So she was very pleased.

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It's always 
disappointing.

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I think some of these 
have sentimental value.

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But thanks to everyone 
for sharing your photos.

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We enjoy seeing them.

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Remember, this is just 
a random sampling.

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I think there were 80 
plus submissions,

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and we only get to show 
about five or so on the show.

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So visit our Facebook page

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to see everyone's 
submissions.

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Amanda> And the Rocky Shoals 
Spider Lily

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is a fascinating 
native plant,

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not widely distributed 
because it has very

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specific requirements.

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And, so I know 
that at Riverbanks, we

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when we were out at Boyd Island,

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we could see some 
from there.

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And it's 
a fascinating plant.

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Yeah. Okay.

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All righty.

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Well, what can 
we do to help some people?

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Terasa> We are going to start

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with a question 
from Debbie in Aiken.

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Debbie brought some grass 
into the Aiken office

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and wanted to know

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what to spray on the grass 
to kill the fungus.

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Amanda> Just. Okay.

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Vicky> Yeah. So. 
Amanda> A little peculiar.

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Vicky> She brought it in a bag, 
and this was kind of fun.

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So what this is, is it's,

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it's not a fungus.

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It's fungus-like.

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But it's not actually 
a fungus.

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This is a slime mold.

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And slime molds 
are really neat organisms.

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There's, there's 
a range of them.

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Amanda> It's kind of like 
they've got a brain.

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I mean, they're kind of peculiar

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in the way they move around.

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It is. And when they're found 
on a plant like this,

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this is grass,

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it's not feeding 
on the plant,

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and it doesn't cause 
any disease.

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It doesn't affect it 
with anything.

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What it is, is 
it's just using the plant

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as a substrate,

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but it's feeding on 
decaying organic matter.

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It's feeding on bacteria,

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and it's feeding on other fungi.

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So it's not anything that 
we have to worry about.

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Some people don't like 
the way that it might look

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in the turf,

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but there's no reason 
you need to spray it

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because it's not causing 
any harm to the turf.

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but if if, maybe if you

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don't like the way that it 
looks,

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you can spray it 
with the water hose

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to kind of make it dissipate.

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But what's going to happen is, 
whenever conditions dry up,

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either the, 
the organic matter canopy,

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what's in the canopy 
of the grass dries up or

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the relative humidity drops,

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then this stuff will just 
go away on its own.

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Amanda> Yeah. They're 
not long lasting.

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Vicky> And there's 
some really neat ones.

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One of my favorite ones,

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y'all already know what 
I'm going to talk about.

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There's one that's called 
dog vomit slime.

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And it looks exactly like 
the way that it sounds,

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but it's 
one of my favorite ones.

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You can see it kind of 
creeping over your, over your --

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Amanda> Because it does move.

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Vicky> It does. I mean, 
it's not perceivable

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where you're going to watch it, 
it's going to move.

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But over the, over a few days, 
you can see it.

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Amanda> If you put 
a little markers in it,

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you could see it move, 
and it's a pretty cool organism.

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It's a really neat organism.

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Well, I'm so glad we got 
to talk about something fun

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in the grass that we 
don't have to worry about.

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Oh, they're 
just worrying

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way too much 
about their turfgrass.

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Thanks a lot.

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Okay, well, Terasa,

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Terasa> How about next,

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we help Martha in Clio.

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She said it seems

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the number of deer 
are increasing in fields

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in major 
agricultural areas.

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Are farms doing anything

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to prevent deer 
from eating their crops?

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Because I know

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a lot of homeowners 
will reach out and say

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that their yard 
has become,

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you know, just inundated 
with damage from deer.

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So I would imagine 
farmers have problems too.

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Amanda> Well, we are now the 
most populous state to move to,

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and we see that 
we're losing farmland

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and open spaces

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pretty dramatically 
in South Carolina.

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And, so the deer

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were here 
before we were,

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and they're trying 
to stay alive.

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So this is going to become 
even more of a situation.

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Hannah> Yes, yes, and if 
you've ever hit one at night

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or during the day with your car,

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they can be 
quite a nuisance.

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Although a good, I guess, 
protein if you were a hunter.

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But, but we are increasing 
in such numbers

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that it's creating 
a huge detriment

249
00:09:54,633 --> 00:09:56,233
to our soybeans 
especially.

250
00:09:56,233 --> 00:09:58,833
They're so succulent and 
soft that they love them.

251
00:09:58,833 --> 00:10:00,633
And so I did 
bring some examples today

252
00:10:00,633 --> 00:10:03,700
because I happened to be, 
scouting some soybeans.

253
00:10:03,700 --> 00:10:05,666
And this is where 
they kind of should be

254
00:10:05,666 --> 00:10:06,866
this time of year.

255
00:10:06,866 --> 00:10:09,500
They're, they're out 
of the cotyledon stage,

256
00:10:09,500 --> 00:10:12,833
which is the two seed pods 
as you plant it.

257
00:10:12,833 --> 00:10:14,133
The first two little leaves. 
Right.

258
00:10:14,133 --> 00:10:15,733
And they're so thick 
and luscious

259
00:10:15,733 --> 00:10:17,333
that they start to push 
all their nutrients

260
00:10:17,333 --> 00:10:19,100
up towards 
these top true leaves.

261
00:10:19,100 --> 00:10:20,533
And when they start 
to do this,

262
00:10:20,533 --> 00:10:23,433
they're very tasty, 
luscious and, and,

263
00:10:23,433 --> 00:10:25,166
you know, sweet, 
I guess to the deer.

264
00:10:25,166 --> 00:10:28,433
Amanda> And good for you. 
I mean, healthy for them.

265
00:10:28,433 --> 00:10:30,533
Hannah> Right. 
And so when they do that

266
00:10:30,533 --> 00:10:32,366
the deer figure it out 
and they can smell it.

267
00:10:32,366 --> 00:10:34,066
They sit in the bushes 
and they watch you.

268
00:10:34,066 --> 00:10:35,566
I promise you, 
I've been in a field.

269
00:10:35,566 --> 00:10:37,633
I go and go, 
forgot my shovel

270
00:10:37,633 --> 00:10:38,733
just the other week.

271
00:10:38,733 --> 00:10:39,833
And I drove back by

272
00:10:39,833 --> 00:10:41,333
and looked in the same 
field I was in.

273
00:10:41,333 --> 00:10:42,533
There was deer 
already out there.

274
00:10:42,533 --> 00:10:46,033
Just as I left. It's like 11:00 
in the middle of the day.

275
00:10:46,033 --> 00:10:48,700
So the soybeans, 
then, as they germinate,

276
00:10:48,700 --> 00:10:49,766
they'll pick up, like,

277
00:10:49,766 --> 00:10:52,466
this is an old corn stalk, 
or stover,

278
00:10:52,466 --> 00:10:53,766
as they call it in Midwest.

279
00:10:53,766 --> 00:10:55,033
It's latched on to this.

280
00:10:55,033 --> 00:10:57,433
But this is right 
beside it.

281
00:10:57,433 --> 00:11:00,000
It had fed a little bit 
on this and damaged it,

282
00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:01,766
but just next to it,

283
00:11:01,766 --> 00:11:03,066
they're, 
they're affecting it

284
00:11:03,066 --> 00:11:04,933
and there's nothing 
left to grow back.

285
00:11:04,933 --> 00:11:08,133
So, you're talking 
about the ceilings.

286
00:11:08,133 --> 00:11:09,866
You can't even tell 
they're out there anymore.

287
00:11:09,866 --> 00:11:10,900
So you'll come along.

288
00:11:10,900 --> 00:11:11,966
You'll see 
green, green, green

289
00:11:11,966 --> 00:11:14,366
and then 220ft of nothing.

290
00:11:14,366 --> 00:11:16,133
And then the closer 
you get to the woodland

291
00:11:16,133 --> 00:11:17,200
or the wooded area

292
00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:19,400
in the back of the fields 
or surrounding areas,

293
00:11:19,400 --> 00:11:21,033
they've just 
clipped off the tops.

294
00:11:21,033 --> 00:11:24,166
And with the energy that 
that plant did have,

295
00:11:24,166 --> 00:11:26,433
if it no longer has 
those cotyledon leaves,

296
00:11:26,433 --> 00:11:27,633
there's nothing else

297
00:11:27,633 --> 00:11:30,400
to really push towards 
the top and create growth.

298
00:11:30,400 --> 00:11:32,133
And so we're really 
at a huge disadvantage.

299
00:11:32,133 --> 00:11:35,200
The deer are, there's 
a study done not long ago.

300
00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:36,633
It's about $30 million

301
00:11:36,633 --> 00:11:39,033
worth of loss that we have 
in South Carolina

302
00:11:39,033 --> 00:11:41,166
just from the deer 
eating soybeans.

303
00:11:41,166 --> 00:11:43,733
And that's, that's 
just the yield loss there.

304
00:11:43,733 --> 00:11:45,066
I mean, it stretches far

305
00:11:45,066 --> 00:11:47,000
and far beyond 
what people are,

306
00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:49,166
their livelihoods, really.

307
00:11:49,166 --> 00:11:52,333
Amanda> Well, and they were here 
before we were.

308
00:11:52,333 --> 00:11:53,600
Hannah> They are, I think --

309
00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:55,966
Amanda> It's a very complicated 
situation and.

310
00:11:55,966 --> 00:11:57,166
Hannah> It is.

311
00:11:57,166 --> 00:11:59,100
Amanda> But we've got to, 
you know,

312
00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:01,000
the farmers have 
to protect their crops.

313
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:02,233
Hannah> That's right. Yeah.

314
00:12:02,233 --> 00:12:04,033
Our state specialist has even 
said at our winter meetings

315
00:12:04,033 --> 00:12:06,400
to our farmers is their, 
you know, landowners,

316
00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:08,900
they, they manage their 
wildlife areas as well.

317
00:12:08,900 --> 00:12:10,700
But for every one buck 
you kill,

318
00:12:10,700 --> 00:12:13,533
he had recommended 
like 10 to 11 does.

319
00:12:14,133 --> 00:12:15,533
So are we doing 
that really?

320
00:12:15,533 --> 00:12:16,400
I'm not quite sure.

321
00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:18,466
I would think not overly 
populated areas,

322
00:12:18,466 --> 00:12:20,500
we haven't controlled them 
as well as what we should have.

323
00:12:20,500 --> 00:12:23,633
Amanda> My friends 
who hunt specify that

324
00:12:24,433 --> 00:12:26,000
you're supposed to shoot does.

325
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:28,400
I mean, you're not supposed to 
be going after the big antlers.

326
00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:31,666
If you want to control the 
population and keep it in bay,

327
00:12:31,666 --> 00:12:32,866
then you go after does.

328
00:12:32,866 --> 00:12:34,500
Hannah> Well, and 
the antlers are grown

329
00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:35,966
from the nutrients 
they eat, right?

330
00:12:35,966 --> 00:12:37,300
So if you've got tens of

331
00:12:38,366 --> 00:12:40,866
12 amount more than

332
00:12:40,866 --> 00:12:43,700
12 times the amount of does that 
you do deer or buck's out there,

333
00:12:43,700 --> 00:12:44,933
then they're not going to have

334
00:12:44,933 --> 00:12:46,333
the nutrients 
they need to eat.

335
00:12:46,333 --> 00:12:48,766
So yeah, that's 
a balancing act.

336
00:12:48,766 --> 00:12:50,533
Amanda> Thank you. 
And the meat is very good.

337
00:12:50,533 --> 00:12:52,033
Very delicious. 
Hannah> It is! Right, right.

338
00:12:52,033 --> 00:12:53,966
Amanda> Yeah, yeah, okay.

339
00:12:53,966 --> 00:12:55,400
Well, Terasa?

340
00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:57,700
Terasa> What have we got next?

341
00:12:57,700 --> 00:13:00,800
It seems that Brad in 
Conway is feeling a

342
00:13:00,800 --> 00:13:02,666
little confused 
and I don't blame him.

343
00:13:02,666 --> 00:13:05,333
He says plant terminology 
is so confusing.

344
00:13:05,333 --> 00:13:06,333
What's the difference

345
00:13:06,333 --> 00:13:09,433
between a hybrid 
and a cultivar?

346
00:13:09,433 --> 00:13:11,166
Amanda> Oh, goodness.

347
00:13:11,166 --> 00:13:12,933
Well, you're up there

348
00:13:12,933 --> 00:13:15,233
ordering things 
and looking at catalogs.

349
00:13:15,233 --> 00:13:16,800
You think you can help us?

350
00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:21,600
Davis> I think so. Really, the, 
the, the, terminology, is,

351
00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:23,233
isn't as confusing as, as it

352
00:13:23,233 --> 00:13:25,633
or is, is more confusing 
than it should be.

353
00:13:25,633 --> 00:13:29,233
A hybrid is 
a distinct offspring

354
00:13:29,233 --> 00:13:31,433
between two members 
of the same genus,

355
00:13:31,433 --> 00:13:33,066
but probably different 
species.

356
00:13:33,066 --> 00:13:35,000
Say, for instance, 
a dog and a wolf

357
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:36,466
crossbreeding produces

358
00:13:36,466 --> 00:13:38,800
an offspring that's a hybrid. 
Amanda> Okay.

359
00:13:38,800 --> 00:13:41,766
Hybrids can occur in nature. 
Amanda> All right.

360
00:13:41,766 --> 00:13:43,533
And they do quite frequently.

361
00:13:43,533 --> 00:13:46,566
A cultivar is 
sort of a misused name,

362
00:13:46,566 --> 00:13:47,733
but a cultivar basically

363
00:13:47,733 --> 00:13:51,600
would not exist without 
man's intervention.

364
00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:54,533
Usually it's, it's a sport 
of a plant that shows

365
00:13:54,533 --> 00:13:57,300
a different characteristic 
from the parent plant, so.

366
00:13:57,300 --> 00:14:00,000
Amanda> Something 
people would like to,

367
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:01,300
that they find attractive.

368
00:14:01,300 --> 00:14:03,166
>> So a plantsman, a nurseryman,

369
00:14:03,166 --> 00:14:05,700
even a, even a homeowner 
or a hobby gardener

370
00:14:05,700 --> 00:14:07,533
sees something different

371
00:14:07,533 --> 00:14:08,866
on a plant 
that's desirable,

372
00:14:08,866 --> 00:14:09,966
and they propagate it

373
00:14:09,966 --> 00:14:11,300
and they continue 
to propagate it.

374
00:14:11,300 --> 00:14:13,900
And all of a sudden you 
have an entirely new plant

375
00:14:13,900 --> 00:14:16,900
that has the same genetic 
make up of the parent plant,

376
00:14:16,900 --> 00:14:18,866
but an entirely 
different appearance.

377
00:14:20,766 --> 00:14:22,000
Sometimes when,

378
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,600
when we have those types of 
selections from native plants,

379
00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:27,100
they're termed "nativars"

380
00:14:27,100 --> 00:14:28,500
or cultivars 
of native plants.

381
00:14:28,500 --> 00:14:30,766
But this gets into the area

382
00:14:30,766 --> 00:14:31,900
where we are

383
00:14:31,900 --> 00:14:34,066
trying to establish 
a new terminology.

384
00:14:34,066 --> 00:14:35,766
Instead of using 
cultivar, nativar,

385
00:14:35,766 --> 00:14:37,600
we're calling it 
selections

386
00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:39,466
because that's exactly 
what we've done.

387
00:14:39,466 --> 00:14:41,433
We have found a trait 
that we like to propagate,

388
00:14:41,433 --> 00:14:43,000
and we select that

389
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,333
and increase 
the population of it.

390
00:14:45,333 --> 00:14:49,633
A perfect example 
are the,

391
00:14:51,033 --> 00:14:54,833
our native alum root or 
heuchera americana. >> Yes, yes.

392
00:14:54,833 --> 00:14:56,433
It's, it's a very common

393
00:14:56,433 --> 00:14:58,633
native plant, 
beautiful little plant.

394
00:14:58,633 --> 00:15:00,733
But, 
somewhere along the line,

395
00:15:00,733 --> 00:15:03,133
somebody saw one 
that had this interesting,

396
00:15:03,133 --> 00:15:06,333
dark, purple venation 
on the leaves.

397
00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:09,366
And so they, 
they took a division of it

398
00:15:09,366 --> 00:15:11,400
and they started propagating it 
and multiplying it.

399
00:15:11,400 --> 00:15:14,466
And all of a sudden we now 
have heuchera green spice.

400
00:15:14,466 --> 00:15:18,200
The genetic makeup 
is basically the same as

401
00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:19,400
the native alum root,

402
00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:22,333
but it's got these beautiful 
leaves that you don't see

403
00:15:22,333 --> 00:15:24,533
only on the parent species.

404
00:15:24,533 --> 00:15:28,266
Another one is the 
Polemonium reptans or

405
00:15:28,266 --> 00:15:31,133
Jacob's Ladder.

406
00:15:31,133 --> 00:15:33,533
This one, 
this one is called

407
00:15:33,533 --> 00:15:34,533
Stairway to Heaven

408
00:15:34,533 --> 00:15:38,566
because it's got this, 
this, beautiful,

409
00:15:38,566 --> 00:15:40,500
white variegation 
on the leaves.

410
00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:42,800
The, the species is 
pure green.

411
00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:44,900
The flowers are 
a little bit darker.

412
00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:47,966
And one of the common names for 
this is Jacob's ladder. >> Yes.

413
00:15:47,966 --> 00:15:50,900
And, they, 
they selected the name

414
00:15:50,900 --> 00:15:52,600
Stairway to Heaven to indicate

415
00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:55,600
that maybe that's 
how Jacob sinned.

416
00:15:55,600 --> 00:15:58,766
But the, the, the only, 
the only true difference

417
00:15:58,766 --> 00:16:01,133
genetically is the fact that

418
00:16:01,133 --> 00:16:03,366
these are growing with 
the variegated leaves.

419
00:16:03,366 --> 00:16:05,266
And if you do a DNA 
extraction, you'll find

420
00:16:05,266 --> 00:16:07,600
they're pretty much 
identical.

421
00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:09,333
Amanda> Terasa, we're 
always looking at things

422
00:16:09,333 --> 00:16:12,000
that are larval 
food sources.

423
00:16:12,733 --> 00:16:14,800
I'm thinking of something 
that comes to mind,

424
00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:16,700
the redbuds.

425
00:16:16,700 --> 00:16:18,900
and now there are all 
these ones that don't have

426
00:16:20,133 --> 00:16:21,233
Terasa> Don't have green leaves.

427
00:16:21,233 --> 00:16:23,133
Amanda> Don't have 
the typical leaf.

428
00:16:23,133 --> 00:16:24,466
And, I'm just wondering

429
00:16:24,466 --> 00:16:26,533
if it's a larval 
food source,

430
00:16:26,533 --> 00:16:29,933
if that's always going to 
be a sustainable system,

431
00:16:29,933 --> 00:16:32,466
give us sustenance 
or be preferable,

432
00:16:32,466 --> 00:16:34,766
or even do what they need 
for it to do.

433
00:16:34,766 --> 00:16:37,700
Terasa> Right. So it's an area 
of emerging research. >> It is?

434
00:16:37,700 --> 00:16:40,533
And what I understand

435
00:16:40,533 --> 00:16:43,233
thus far is that

436
00:16:43,233 --> 00:16:45,466
especially if we're 
thinking about the host

437
00:16:45,466 --> 00:16:47,033
plant 
for a caterpillar, right?

438
00:16:47,033 --> 00:16:49,033
Caterpillars 
feed on leaves.

439
00:16:49,033 --> 00:16:50,800
If we change that pigment,

440
00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:53,366
so we turn a green leaf purple,

441
00:16:53,366 --> 00:16:56,533
that that may have 
a significant impact

442
00:16:56,533 --> 00:16:59,266
on whether or not that 
caterpillar can now feed

443
00:16:59,266 --> 00:17:01,500
because they are not used 
to having

444
00:17:01,500 --> 00:17:03,466
that other pigment 
in the leaf.

445
00:17:03,466 --> 00:17:06,600
And so, there's other things 
to take into consideration.

446
00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:07,600
The flower form

447
00:17:07,600 --> 00:17:08,966
and whether, 
or if we change it

448
00:17:08,966 --> 00:17:13,400
and the nectar is not 
accessible anymore. So.

449
00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:15,366
Amanda> Or if it's doubled or 
something? Or I don't know.

450
00:17:15,366 --> 00:17:18,000
Anyway, different things.

451
00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:20,133
>> Exactly, exactly. So, like I 
said, it's an area of emerging

452
00:17:20,133 --> 00:17:22,433
research, but in terms of

453
00:17:23,666 --> 00:17:26,733
wildlife value,

454
00:17:26,733 --> 00:17:29,200
it would be 
that that native species

455
00:17:29,200 --> 00:17:32,200
or naturally 
occurring sports or things

456
00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:35,800
on which those insects 
have co-evolved.

457
00:17:37,466 --> 00:17:40,900
Amanda> So, I guess, we,

458
00:17:42,733 --> 00:17:45,166
so sometimes 
substrate species

459
00:17:45,166 --> 00:17:46,866
for certain people

460
00:17:46,866 --> 00:17:48,733
who want to do certain, 
want to be certain

461
00:17:48,733 --> 00:17:51,733
that the insects 
can use it to its

462
00:17:52,066 --> 00:17:54,500
complete advantage 
might be the best.

463
00:17:54,500 --> 00:17:57,000
Davis> It's, it's 
really more of a concern

464
00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:58,233
for the people 
that are planting,

465
00:17:58,233 --> 00:18:00,933
not, not for the aesthetic 
value of the plant,

466
00:18:00,933 --> 00:18:02,466
but for the wildlife value.

467
00:18:02,466 --> 00:18:05,233
A perfect example 
is the purple cone flower.

468
00:18:05,233 --> 00:18:07,100
The echinacea purpurea is

469
00:18:07,100 --> 00:18:10,566
the, the species has large 
seed heads

470
00:18:10,566 --> 00:18:13,433
and very swept back petals, 
so that the,

471
00:18:13,433 --> 00:18:16,433
the seed head is, 
is readily available.

472
00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:20,466
A lot of the newer selections,

473
00:18:20,466 --> 00:18:23,133
the double flowering ones 
where, where those,

474
00:18:23,133 --> 00:18:24,233
those little seed heads

475
00:18:24,233 --> 00:18:27,300
are completely covered 
by the, by the, the,

476
00:18:27,833 --> 00:18:29,366
the structures on 
the flower

477
00:18:29,366 --> 00:18:31,633
are not accessible to the 
to the butterflies

478
00:18:31,633 --> 00:18:33,433
and bees 
that love the species.

479
00:18:33,433 --> 00:18:35,866
So the more open 
that flower is, the,

480
00:18:35,866 --> 00:18:38,266
the happier 
the bees are going to be.

481
00:18:38,266 --> 00:18:40,300
Amanda> Oh, goodness. 
Well, thank you.

482
00:18:40,300 --> 00:18:41,866
(laughter)

483
00:18:41,866 --> 00:18:44,133
But thank you for 
explaining it so, so well.

484
00:18:44,133 --> 00:18:45,766
I really do appreciate it.

485
00:18:45,766 --> 00:18:48,533
We really enjoy 
going to Riverbanks Zoo

486
00:18:48,533 --> 00:18:53,300
and Garden and, they do 
a lot in their greenhouse.

487
00:18:53,300 --> 00:18:55,700
And now they've got 
a pretty wonderful,

488
00:18:55,700 --> 00:18:58,700
fabulous, 
interesting greenhouse.

489
00:19:02,100 --> 00:19:04,633
I'm talking to Eric Shealy 
at Riverbank Zoo

490
00:19:04,633 --> 00:19:08,333
and Garden in the brand 
new wonderful greenhouses.

491
00:19:08,333 --> 00:19:09,733
>> Thank you, thank you. Yes.

492
00:19:09,733 --> 00:19:12,733
Amanda> And you know, 
when you think about

493
00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:15,000
Riverbanks 
Zoo and Garden, people

494
00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:16,900
think about the zoo aspect 
and the animals.

495
00:19:16,900 --> 00:19:18,533
But of course, 
the garden side

496
00:19:18,533 --> 00:19:20,066
is exquisite 
in its own right.

497
00:19:20,066 --> 00:19:22,000
And then throughout 
the entirety of it,

498
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:23,800
it's plants, 
plants, plants, plants.

499
00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:25,633
Eric> We're heavily 
planted.

500
00:19:25,633 --> 00:19:28,266
Amanda> Yes, you are. And so 
they've got to be protected

501
00:19:28,266 --> 00:19:29,433
and you've got to propagate.

502
00:19:29,433 --> 00:19:31,000
And you needed a better 
greenhouse.

503
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:33,100
So, this is it.

504
00:19:33,100 --> 00:19:35,533
Eric> Yeah. This is a, 
this is a while coming.

505
00:19:35,533 --> 00:19:37,766
The last greenhouses 
were about 28 years old.

506
00:19:37,766 --> 00:19:38,933
We definitely

507
00:19:40,366 --> 00:19:42,766
designed better, this time.

508
00:19:42,766 --> 00:19:44,900
So, we got something 
that was a lot more

509
00:19:44,900 --> 00:19:45,766
structurally sound,

510
00:19:45,766 --> 00:19:48,733
a lot more advanced 
technologically.

511
00:19:48,733 --> 00:19:53,266
And then, we have seen the 
results, especially this year.

512
00:19:53,266 --> 00:19:55,500
A lot more happier plants.

513
00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:56,900
Amanda> And, I think it, 
we've even,

514
00:19:56,900 --> 00:19:59,566
we're almost hurricane 
proof, too, I think.

515
00:19:59,566 --> 00:20:02,066
Eric> Yeah, this building 
is very solid.

516
00:20:02,066 --> 00:20:06,266
They said it was rated to a 
category 4 hurricane, so. Yes.

517
00:20:06,566 --> 00:20:08,700
Amanda> So this is where 
we'll all come to evacuate.

518
00:20:08,700 --> 00:20:11,800
Eric> I mean, it might be scary, 
but. Yeah. I mean. Yeah.

519
00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:14,966
Amanda> But, so let's talk about 
some of the wonderful features

520
00:20:14,966 --> 00:20:16,633
that this greenhouse 
has that

521
00:20:16,633 --> 00:20:18,733
make it, life, 
so much easier for you

522
00:20:18,733 --> 00:20:20,666
and let you have more plants 
and everything.

523
00:20:20,666 --> 00:20:23,233
Eric> So, when we designed 
these,

524
00:20:23,233 --> 00:20:24,500
we sat down 
with an engineer

525
00:20:24,500 --> 00:20:26,833
from our greenhouse 
company, Stuffy Greenhouses

526
00:20:26,833 --> 00:20:28,733
out of Kansas City,

527
00:20:28,733 --> 00:20:31,900
and they basically gave us 
a rep who is local,

528
00:20:31,900 --> 00:20:36,733
and he helped us design 
based upon our wants.

529
00:20:36,733 --> 00:20:40,000
So our needs 
and wants were all met

530
00:20:41,066 --> 00:20:42,233
pretty much.

531
00:20:42,233 --> 00:20:44,933
And he made those 
a reality

532
00:20:44,933 --> 00:20:48,533
by, you know, coupling 
what we needed to tell

533
00:20:48,533 --> 00:20:49,666
to get out of them.

534
00:20:49,666 --> 00:20:51,400
And he just made it 
a reality.

535
00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,366
And which is the best 
of building relationships.

536
00:20:54,366 --> 00:20:57,200
If anybody's built a house 
or anything before,

537
00:20:57,200 --> 00:21:00,266
if somebody can 
extrapolate what you need,

538
00:21:01,133 --> 00:21:02,400
that's the best thing.

539
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:03,533
But, no, our,

540
00:21:03,533 --> 00:21:06,766
our advancements, we can 
grow a ton more plants.

541
00:21:07,333 --> 00:21:09,700
There's 
a ton more automation.

542
00:21:09,700 --> 00:21:11,666
So I can control 
everything

543
00:21:11,666 --> 00:21:14,300
from the phone 
in my pocket.

544
00:21:14,300 --> 00:21:16,333
I can sit at home and 
I can change temperatures

545
00:21:16,333 --> 00:21:19,766
and I can, 
I can put shade on houses.

546
00:21:19,766 --> 00:21:24,000
I can regulate the temperature 
of any, any house.

547
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:27,133
Cool it up, 
cool it down, warm it up.

548
00:21:27,133 --> 00:21:28,866
It's, it's 
kind of fantastic.

549
00:21:28,866 --> 00:21:30,100
I can evacuate all the air

550
00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:31,966
out of a house in one go 
if I need to.

551
00:21:31,966 --> 00:21:33,566
So if you, if you have,

552
00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:37,033
like, a pesticide application 
that you really need

553
00:21:37,033 --> 00:21:38,400
to get out of the house 
really quick,

554
00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:40,800
you can evacuate it. 
>> Good heavens!

555
00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:42,566
Yeah. So it's, it's, 
it's a lot of things

556
00:21:42,566 --> 00:21:44,100
that people 
don't really think about.

557
00:21:44,100 --> 00:21:47,333
But it makes our life 
a lot easier.

558
00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:52,066
Amanda> Every year you start 
over with lots of things

559
00:21:52,066 --> 00:21:54,066
that are going to be used 
by the gardeners.

560
00:21:54,066 --> 00:21:55,300
And I thought you probably

561
00:21:55,300 --> 00:21:56,700
just picked everything out 
and grew it.

562
00:21:56,700 --> 00:21:57,933
That's not the way it works.

563
00:21:57,933 --> 00:22:00,233
Eric> It would be a lot easier 
if I picked everything out

564
00:22:00,233 --> 00:22:01,833
and grew it, 
because it would not, it,

565
00:22:01,833 --> 00:22:03,733
well, honestly, 
it wouldn't be a challenge

566
00:22:03,733 --> 00:22:05,200
if I, if I wanted it to be.

567
00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:07,133
But I do like a challenge 
when I grow.

568
00:22:07,133 --> 00:22:08,433
So, our gardeners,

569
00:22:08,433 --> 00:22:10,033
we have 
about ten gardeners

570
00:22:10,033 --> 00:22:12,700
and they all have 
their different areas.

571
00:22:12,700 --> 00:22:13,966
And we also have group 
areas.

572
00:22:13,966 --> 00:22:15,000
And our, one of our

573
00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:17,633
horticulturists designs 
for those,

574
00:22:17,633 --> 00:22:21,566
and we're constantly trying 
to push limits with things.

575
00:22:21,566 --> 00:22:23,333
We grow new things 
every year.

576
00:22:23,333 --> 00:22:24,933
There's not been a year

577
00:22:24,933 --> 00:22:26,666
that I've been doing this 
job that we haven't grown

578
00:22:26,666 --> 00:22:28,100
something that 
I haven't grown before.

579
00:22:28,100 --> 00:22:31,033
So that, as a grower 
who likes challenges,

580
00:22:31,033 --> 00:22:35,400
that's a tremendous part 
of why I love this job.

581
00:22:35,966 --> 00:22:38,100
But having greenhouses 
like this

582
00:22:38,100 --> 00:22:39,700
definitely make that 
a little bit,

583
00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:41,733
and experimentation 
a little bit easier.

584
00:22:41,733 --> 00:22:43,300
Amanda> 
But you also have things that,

585
00:22:43,300 --> 00:22:45,966
you know, just work 
wonderfully.

586
00:22:45,966 --> 00:22:47,100
Eric> Oh, yes. Absolutely.

587
00:22:47,100 --> 00:22:48,533
Amanda> And, let's talk 
about some of those

588
00:22:48,533 --> 00:22:50,433
because maybe there are some 
things that some people

589
00:22:50,433 --> 00:22:53,600
might want to consider 
growing in their

590
00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:55,500
South Carolina garden 
where it's hot,

591
00:22:55,500 --> 00:22:56,933
hotter than blue blazes,

592
00:22:56,933 --> 00:22:59,233
and sometimes it doesn't 
rain and all that kind of stuff.

593
00:22:59,233 --> 00:23:02,533
Eric> So, a lot of the things 
that we grow for hot,

594
00:23:02,533 --> 00:23:04,300
the hot and humid 
climate here,

595
00:23:04,300 --> 00:23:05,733
I mean,

596
00:23:05,733 --> 00:23:07,033
if anybody

597
00:23:07,033 --> 00:23:09,266
ever wants to know 
what grows in hot and humid,

598
00:23:09,266 --> 00:23:13,533
they can always get in contact 
with us, because we know.

599
00:23:13,533 --> 00:23:17,600
When you grow annuals 
or perennials or whatever

600
00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:20,566
in a brick oven, that is 
our botanical garden,

601
00:23:20,566 --> 00:23:23,366
or the zoo 
next to a river,

602
00:23:23,366 --> 00:23:26,600
hot, humid, is, you know, 
we're famously hot

603
00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:29,933
for a reason in Columbia, 
but, in the greenhouse

604
00:23:29,933 --> 00:23:31,500
right now, 
we have salvias.

605
00:23:31,500 --> 00:23:33,200
They're always a stalwart,

606
00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:34,700
heat and 
humidity tolerant.

607
00:23:36,066 --> 00:23:39,033
The plant, we 
have lantana, of course,

608
00:23:39,033 --> 00:23:40,933
lantana is heat 
and humidity tolerant.

609
00:23:40,933 --> 00:23:43,933
We also have some cool 
things like

610
00:23:44,733 --> 00:23:47,466
Nicotianas, 
the flowering tobacco.

611
00:23:47,466 --> 00:23:48,800
Then people think, 
oh, tobacco,

612
00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:50,433
you're going to grow 
like in the fields.

613
00:23:50,433 --> 00:23:51,900
And yes, 
it's related to that,

614
00:23:51,900 --> 00:23:53,166
but no, 
these are very showy.

615
00:23:53,166 --> 00:23:56,000
And they actually last pretty 
decently for us we found out.

616
00:23:56,000 --> 00:24:00,300
We also have a lot of 
different vincas.

617
00:24:00,300 --> 00:24:02,833
We love a, we love 
Mediterranean vinca.

618
00:24:02,833 --> 00:24:06,866
It really loves our hot 
and humid climate.

619
00:24:07,766 --> 00:24:09,733
Amanda> At the moment, 
we're standing in the area

620
00:24:09,733 --> 00:24:11,233
where you overwinter 
the tropicals. >> Oh, yes.

621
00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:13,933
And some of these 
are really big,

622
00:24:13,933 --> 00:24:15,566
and apparently, 
you've got a forklift.

623
00:24:15,566 --> 00:24:17,833
And so 
you can take these out

624
00:24:17,833 --> 00:24:19,000
and put them in places

625
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:20,766
where they really add 
a bunch of wow, wow, wow.

626
00:24:20,766 --> 00:24:21,966
Eric> Yeah.

627
00:24:21,966 --> 00:24:24,966
So after the after 
threat of frost is gone,

628
00:24:24,966 --> 00:24:25,833
these will go out.

629
00:24:25,833 --> 00:24:27,366
We usually take a forklift

630
00:24:27,366 --> 00:24:29,766
and we place them around 
the zoo and the garden.

631
00:24:29,766 --> 00:24:32,566
We'll do that before we 
even open to the public.

632
00:24:32,566 --> 00:24:34,766
So we're here at 6:00am

633
00:24:34,766 --> 00:24:36,866
getting these large pots out

634
00:24:36,866 --> 00:24:38,800
and having them in place 
by nine.

635
00:24:38,800 --> 00:24:43,233
So it's, it's, a little 
bit of a magic factor,

636
00:24:43,233 --> 00:24:45,300
but we, I mean, 
when we put them out,

637
00:24:45,300 --> 00:24:46,366
it is instant wow.

638
00:24:46,366 --> 00:24:48,366
Because we can, 
we can grow them here.

639
00:24:48,366 --> 00:24:51,400
And they look just as good here 
as they will out there.

640
00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:55,300
This greenhouse holds our 
tropical collection, of course.

641
00:24:55,300 --> 00:24:59,066
And it has plants that we, 
we rotate in and out of

642
00:24:59,066 --> 00:25:00,700
um

643
00:25:00,700 --> 00:25:01,700
exhibits.

644
00:25:01,700 --> 00:25:04,433
We rotate in and out of 
the public area as well.

645
00:25:04,433 --> 00:25:07,166
Amanda> Okay. Okay. And I think 
one of the wonderful things

646
00:25:07,166 --> 00:25:09,533
is these people 
with whom you work

647
00:25:09,533 --> 00:25:12,900
did such crazy creative things. 
You've got barn doors

648
00:25:13,333 --> 00:25:15,900
instead of swinging doors, 
which gave you

649
00:25:15,900 --> 00:25:18,800
extra room and every 
which is important to you.

650
00:25:18,800 --> 00:25:20,400
Eric> Yeah. So the part 
of the design aspect,

651
00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:21,966
of the design process,

652
00:25:21,966 --> 00:25:24,766
we had to look at it 
as we need every available

653
00:25:24,766 --> 00:25:26,300
inch of space for plants.

654
00:25:26,300 --> 00:25:29,100
We, I mean, the, being able 
to move around

655
00:25:29,100 --> 00:25:32,400
in the greenhouse is great, 
but, our old greenhouses,

656
00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:35,966
their benches were 
ten feet shorter.

657
00:25:35,966 --> 00:25:37,866
So I made these ten feet 
longer.

658
00:25:37,866 --> 00:25:39,700
All of the doors 
are sliding,

659
00:25:39,700 --> 00:25:42,233
except for the doors 
that don't need to be.

660
00:25:42,233 --> 00:25:43,800
So that swing, 
you have to account

661
00:25:43,800 --> 00:25:45,833
for that swing, 
and that swing,

662
00:25:45,833 --> 00:25:46,966
this is our technical we got.

663
00:25:46,966 --> 00:25:49,300
We got, we said, well, 
that would be about 25 plants,

664
00:25:49,300 --> 00:25:50,933
25 one gallon plants.

665
00:25:50,933 --> 00:25:52,933
The swing of a door, 
you know.

666
00:25:52,933 --> 00:25:55,600
So we had to really figure out

667
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:58,166
where we could pull 
space from.

668
00:25:58,166 --> 00:26:01,033
So, our cooling pads 
and our cooling systems

669
00:26:01,033 --> 00:26:02,200
all got smaller,

670
00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:04,833
but the same volume just 
got smaller footprints.

671
00:26:04,833 --> 00:26:06,200
So we can put more plants

672
00:26:06,200 --> 00:26:08,766
in the backs of houses 
and stuff like that. Yeah.

673
00:26:08,766 --> 00:26:09,900
Amanda> I think just so much fun

674
00:26:09,900 --> 00:26:11,966
to go behind the scenes 
and realize

675
00:26:11,966 --> 00:26:14,100
as we just stroll 
through the gardens.

676
00:26:14,100 --> 00:26:18,300
>> Yeah, I think we realized 
that a little while ago,

677
00:26:18,300 --> 00:26:20,033
actually, as a, as a zoo,

678
00:26:20,033 --> 00:26:21,733
people actually love to come 
into these greenhouses.

679
00:26:21,733 --> 00:26:24,433
So we do behind the scenes 
tours a lot over here,

680
00:26:24,433 --> 00:26:26,866
especially for special interest 
groups and stuff like that.

681
00:26:26,866 --> 00:26:30,733
We had, you know, a 
master gardener group.

682
00:26:30,733 --> 00:26:33,833
We even had the HGIC 
people down here.

683
00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:36,833
Everybody from Clemson's HGIC, 
the Home and Garden

684
00:26:36,833 --> 00:26:40,033
Information Center, 
and they, they loved it.

685
00:26:40,033 --> 00:26:42,400
They, they, they got 
a little field trip

686
00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:44,166
while Clemson was 
on Spring Break,

687
00:26:44,166 --> 00:26:45,533
I think they were down here.

688
00:26:45,533 --> 00:26:48,433
Amanda> And, as always, 
people couldn't

689
00:26:48,433 --> 00:26:51,000
get all the things done 
without volunteers.

690
00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:53,966
I think your volunteers 
are integral to the success.

691
00:26:53,966 --> 00:26:56,866
Eric> They are. 
I, I always like to say

692
00:26:56,866 --> 00:26:58,633
that I cannot 
get my job done

693
00:26:58,633 --> 00:27:00,933
without volunteers 
because they are

694
00:27:00,933 --> 00:27:03,100
my production assistants.

695
00:27:03,100 --> 00:27:05,800
They, I call them 
my production assistants

696
00:27:05,800 --> 00:27:07,133
because without them,

697
00:27:07,133 --> 00:27:10,166
our annual seasons 
don't get done,

698
00:27:10,166 --> 00:27:13,133
our regular propagation 
doesn't get done.

699
00:27:13,133 --> 00:27:15,633
Our plant sale definitely 
would not get done.

700
00:27:15,633 --> 00:27:19,600
and just the general look 
and feel of

701
00:27:19,800 --> 00:27:23,566
and health of the plants 
would not be as good. So yes.

702
00:27:23,566 --> 00:27:26,633
Amanda> Eric, it's so much fun 
to come and find out

703
00:27:26,633 --> 00:27:28,033
what makes it all happen.

704
00:27:28,033 --> 00:27:30,200
And you're such 
an integral part of that.

705
00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:31,233
I really appreciate it.

706
00:27:31,233 --> 00:27:33,000
Eric> Thank you so much. 
Thank you for being here.

707
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:34,900
And I love having excited 
plant people around me.

708
00:27:34,900 --> 00:27:36,033
(laughter)

709
00:27:36,033 --> 00:27:37,333
Amanda> It's our joy.

710
00:27:37,333 --> 00:27:39,766
Eric> Thank you.

711
00:27:41,766 --> 00:27:43,766
What fun to get to visit 
with Eric Shealy

712
00:27:43,766 --> 00:27:44,766
and find out

713
00:27:44,766 --> 00:27:47,000
everything that goes on 
behind the scenes

714
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:48,900
so that Riverbanks 
Zoo and Garden can be

715
00:27:48,900 --> 00:27:51,533
as absolutely beautiful 
as it is.

716
00:27:51,533 --> 00:27:52,833
Oh, goodness.

717
00:27:52,833 --> 00:27:57,200
Well, hats, hats, hats. 
This one,

718
00:27:57,500 --> 00:27:59,966
I was, stopped on 
the side of the road, Terasa,

719
00:27:59,966 --> 00:28:03,200
and you know, I stopped 
to look at something else.

720
00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:06,200
And then when I stopped 
and started walking around

721
00:28:06,500 --> 00:28:08,266
there are little things 
that you don't notice

722
00:28:08,266 --> 00:28:10,233
otherwise, you know, 
because I'm on back roads

723
00:28:10,233 --> 00:28:11,400
and it's just delightful.

724
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:13,033
I found this little thing 
called,

725
00:28:13,033 --> 00:28:16,300
I think, rabbit's 
foot clover, just so sweet.

726
00:28:16,633 --> 00:28:19,266
And then you tell everybody 
what you said this was.

727
00:28:19,266 --> 00:28:20,633
I think that's fun.

728
00:28:20,633 --> 00:28:22,166
Terasa> I think Vicky and 
I were talking about it.

729
00:28:22,166 --> 00:28:25,366
It looks like a plant that 
we would call fleabane.

730
00:28:25,366 --> 00:28:27,300
The genus is Erigeron.

731
00:28:27,300 --> 00:28:28,466
That was kind of fun 
to say.

732
00:28:28,466 --> 00:28:30,566
Amanda> Yeah, and but 
it looks like a little...

733
00:28:30,566 --> 00:28:32,000
It's a composite.

734
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:33,800
It looks like 
a little teeny tiny daisy.

735
00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:37,300
And it's got a lot of blue 
pigment in it, you know,

736
00:28:37,300 --> 00:28:39,166
which you see when you 
look at it up close.

737
00:28:39,166 --> 00:28:42,766
And then, since, I'm 
going through farmlands,

738
00:28:43,100 --> 00:28:45,333
there was some corn 
growing outside.

739
00:28:45,333 --> 00:28:48,200
(laughter) Side of the road.

740
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:49,866
Honestly, I'm so lucky

741
00:28:49,866 --> 00:28:51,800
that I have a drive 
like that

742
00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:54,933
instead of just, 
you know, on the highway.

743
00:28:54,933 --> 00:28:56,900
Anyway. Well,

744
00:28:58,700 --> 00:29:00,266
Whom can we help now?

745
00:29:00,266 --> 00:29:04,666
Terasa> Let's see. 
We always have questions.

746
00:29:04,666 --> 00:29:07,466
How about Jim 
from Windsor?

747
00:29:07,466 --> 00:29:09,533
Jim said, 
I found this on a wild

748
00:29:09,533 --> 00:29:11,766
cherry tree in my yard. 
What is it?

749
00:29:11,766 --> 00:29:13,800
And will it kill my tree?

750
00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:16,700
Amanda> Oh, goodness. 
Oh mercy. Heavens.

751
00:29:16,700 --> 00:29:21,400
Vicky> Jim brought this into my 
office and this is wild cherry.

752
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,800
This is Prunus serotina.

753
00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:25,000
Amanda> That's the one that gets

754
00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:27,100
the wonderful caterpillars 
in it. >> It does.

755
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:28,300
And it's just fabulous.

756
00:29:28,300 --> 00:29:30,033
Vicky> And it's always 
got a leaf spot on it.

757
00:29:30,033 --> 00:29:31,800
The leaves always kind of 
look like this, but,

758
00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:36,333
what Jim's asking about 
is all of this stuff

759
00:29:36,333 --> 00:29:37,666
right here,

760
00:29:37,666 --> 00:29:40,200
and it's it's 
one of those things

761
00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:42,400
where it's 
a, it's a fungus.

762
00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:44,866
So this is black knot fungus.

763
00:29:44,866 --> 00:29:46,500
It can get 
on the fruit trees

764
00:29:46,500 --> 00:29:48,200
and the ornamental trees 
and the wild cherry.

765
00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:52,433
So, but what this is, is 
it starts out,

766
00:29:52,433 --> 00:29:54,066
the first year,

767
00:29:54,066 --> 00:29:57,466
it might just discolor 
some of the wood, and,

768
00:29:57,466 --> 00:29:59,433
it's not 
really noticeable.

769
00:29:59,433 --> 00:30:02,566
and then after about the, 
the first year,

770
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:06,133
it'll start 
to have these little knots

771
00:30:06,133 --> 00:30:09,266
that will make the tissue 
swell, and then

772
00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:14,333
as this fungus starts 
to mature and,

773
00:30:14,333 --> 00:30:16,366
and in subsequent years,

774
00:30:16,366 --> 00:30:19,900
you'll start finding, 
examples like this.

775
00:30:20,266 --> 00:30:22,933
Now, what you're 
going to notice is

776
00:30:22,933 --> 00:30:26,766
it's typically found on 
one side of a branch or

777
00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:29,966
typically something small, 
it's going to be new growth

778
00:30:29,966 --> 00:30:32,100
that you're 
going to find it on, and

779
00:30:33,466 --> 00:30:35,800
whenever you

780
00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:38,666
like in the early stages, 
it'll be, you'll notice

781
00:30:38,666 --> 00:30:40,166
it's just on one side.

782
00:30:40,166 --> 00:30:42,433
But as it gets older, 
it's going to end up

783
00:30:42,433 --> 00:30:45,466
girdling this branch, 
and then it'll

784
00:30:45,466 --> 00:30:47,033
kill the branch off.

785
00:30:47,033 --> 00:30:48,833
Amanda> And you know, we have,

786
00:30:48,833 --> 00:30:50,866
this is the source 
of cherry wood,

787
00:30:50,866 --> 00:30:52,600
which is, of course, 
a wonderful wood.

788
00:30:52,600 --> 00:30:54,700
And just absolutely 
beautiful.

789
00:30:54,700 --> 00:30:57,966
But we can't grow our

790
00:30:58,200 --> 00:30:59,966
even though we can grow 
the tree,

791
00:30:59,966 --> 00:31:01,900
cherry trees, 
Prunus serotina, here.

792
00:31:01,900 --> 00:31:03,966
We don't get it 
to the lumber stage

793
00:31:03,966 --> 00:31:05,266
because this impedes that.

794
00:31:05,266 --> 00:31:06,400
I think as you go farther

795
00:31:06,400 --> 00:31:09,033
north, the, 
you know, they don't have

796
00:31:09,033 --> 00:31:10,233
as many fungal diseases.

797
00:31:10,233 --> 00:31:12,133
Vicky> Yeah, it's it's one 
of those things where

798
00:31:12,133 --> 00:31:14,500
living in the South, 
it's hot, it's humid,

799
00:31:14,500 --> 00:31:17,566
it's, it's great

800
00:31:17,566 --> 00:31:20,466
growing conditions 
for any kind of pest.

801
00:31:20,466 --> 00:31:23,133
And it's, 
you know, for diseases.

802
00:31:23,133 --> 00:31:24,033
This is one of the,

803
00:31:24,033 --> 00:31:25,600
the places to be 
is the Southeast.

804
00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:26,900
Amanda> But I love 
Prunus serotina.

805
00:31:26,900 --> 00:31:28,233
And what's the caterpillar

806
00:31:28,233 --> 00:31:30,300
that we see that's in it? 
Do you remember?

807
00:31:30,300 --> 00:31:32,166
Vicky> I don't remember right 
off the top of my head.

808
00:31:32,166 --> 00:31:35,066
But there's, it's 
one of those things where

809
00:31:35,066 --> 00:31:38,066
the host plants, 
if you can look up

810
00:31:38,066 --> 00:31:39,200
the plant,

811
00:31:39,200 --> 00:31:41,033
you can find a whole list 
of things that,

812
00:31:41,033 --> 00:31:42,900
that only feed on that plant.

813
00:31:42,900 --> 00:31:44,166
Or if you know 
the critter,

814
00:31:44,166 --> 00:31:45,833
you can find out 
what plant they're on.

815
00:31:45,833 --> 00:31:48,033
Amanda> It's so fun. Some things 
are such generalists

816
00:31:48,033 --> 00:31:50,400
and some things 
are so special.

817
00:31:50,400 --> 00:31:53,233
And just one little thing, 
yeah, that's cool.

818
00:31:53,233 --> 00:31:54,700
Thank you so much 
for sharing that with us.

819
00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:56,166
We appreciate it.

820
00:31:56,166 --> 00:31:57,933
All right, Ms. Terasa.

821
00:31:57,933 --> 00:31:59,366
Terasa> What's next?

822
00:31:59,366 --> 00:32:00,666
This question comes in

823
00:32:00,666 --> 00:32:02,866
from my area, 
Beverly in Darlington

824
00:32:02,866 --> 00:32:04,633
said I found 
some old seeds

825
00:32:04,633 --> 00:32:06,333
in my grandmother's shed.

826
00:32:06,333 --> 00:32:09,033
How do I know if 
they will still grow?

827
00:32:09,033 --> 00:32:10,266
Amanda> Ahh!

828
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:12,166
It might be something you can --

829
00:32:12,166 --> 00:32:15,233
Hannah> Yeah, yeah. Actually, 
it happened to my son's

830
00:32:15,233 --> 00:32:16,500
kindergarten class.

831
00:32:16,500 --> 00:32:18,966
I'm glad Beverly called in 
and asked about that.

832
00:32:18,966 --> 00:32:20,166
So they planted.

833
00:32:20,166 --> 00:32:22,066
I don't know 
if you can zoom in on this

834
00:32:22,066 --> 00:32:23,366
lovely house that he

835
00:32:23,366 --> 00:32:25,566
Oh, this is what's he colored.

836
00:32:25,566 --> 00:32:28,433
He'll love that he gets 
to be in part of mom's work.

837
00:32:28,433 --> 00:32:30,100
Amanda> What's his name? 
How old is he?

838
00:32:30,100 --> 00:32:31,766
Hannah> He is six. 
Amanda> Oh, yeah, a big boy.

839
00:32:31,766 --> 00:32:33,733
Hannah> He's very, very bright.

840
00:32:33,733 --> 00:32:36,733
But they they did a little, 
for Earth Day --

841
00:32:36,733 --> 00:32:39,566
Amanda> Show us the root ball 
so they can see it.

842
00:32:39,566 --> 00:32:41,233
Hannah> It is amassed 
down there.

843
00:32:41,233 --> 00:32:43,733
It looks like he planted 
about a hundred in a cup.

844
00:32:43,733 --> 00:32:45,200
And so

845
00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:46,666
if you're 
wanting to see, like,

846
00:32:46,666 --> 00:32:48,900
how much seed 
that she has left

847
00:32:48,900 --> 00:32:50,866
and how much might be able 
to germinate,

848
00:32:50,866 --> 00:32:53,866
you could take a potted plant 
or an old potted plant,

849
00:32:53,866 --> 00:32:55,333
something that 
has some topsoil in it

850
00:32:55,333 --> 00:32:56,900
and go ahead 
and seed your,

851
00:32:56,900 --> 00:32:58,966
your seeds and, and water

852
00:32:58,966 --> 00:33:01,166
and make sure it is 
in a moist environment,

853
00:33:01,166 --> 00:33:02,600
especially if it's off season.

854
00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:05,533
Create the environment that it 
would need to germinate. >>Okay.

855
00:33:05,533 --> 00:33:08,266
And in some cases it even has 
to go through a cold chill.

856
00:33:08,266 --> 00:33:10,166
Amanda> So, so, 
you go to get a pot

857
00:33:10,166 --> 00:33:11,533
that doesn't 
have a plant in it,

858
00:33:11,533 --> 00:33:14,133
you just grab the soil in it. 
Hannah> Correct. Yes. >> Okay.

859
00:33:14,133 --> 00:33:16,566
Hannah> Some of my pots are, 
you know,

860
00:33:16,566 --> 00:33:18,133
the plant has since 
withered away.

861
00:33:18,133 --> 00:33:19,866
This is a spring root 
ball.

862
00:33:19,866 --> 00:33:22,333
But as you can see, 
like, he,

863
00:33:22,333 --> 00:33:23,833
he did dump 
a lot of seeds in here.

864
00:33:23,833 --> 00:33:25,933
Good job, Wats. Look at there.

865
00:33:25,933 --> 00:33:27,933
So this looks like 
a lot of little grains.

866
00:33:27,933 --> 00:33:31,200
I think they call this a cat, 
a cat seed, or what were

867
00:33:31,200 --> 00:33:33,200
we talking? 
Cat grass! Yeah.

868
00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:34,500
So, so, it's,

869
00:33:34,500 --> 00:33:36,833
it's a mixture of 
different types of grains.

870
00:33:36,833 --> 00:33:38,833
But if I was going to see

871
00:33:38,833 --> 00:33:40,400
how much 
germinated in this,

872
00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:43,000
I would have started with 
how many seeds I put in.

873
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:44,866
Maybe it was 100 and I had,

874
00:33:44,866 --> 00:33:46,966
there looks like really, 
really good germination.

875
00:33:46,966 --> 00:33:49,533
So maybe around 80, 90%. Yeah.

876
00:33:49,533 --> 00:33:51,466
Fun fact is, 
if you're selling seeds in

877
00:33:51,466 --> 00:33:53,600
South Carolina 
as a commercial seller,

878
00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:55,566
I believe they all have 
to be certified on

879
00:33:55,566 --> 00:33:57,933
the germ of the seed 
that you're selling.

880
00:33:57,933 --> 00:33:59,166
So if you're a homeowner

881
00:33:59,166 --> 00:34:01,300
and you have seeds that 
you're collected from,

882
00:34:01,300 --> 00:34:02,566
maybe your aunts 
and uncles

883
00:34:02,566 --> 00:34:04,600
or your grandparents in a 
in a freezer

884
00:34:04,600 --> 00:34:05,500
and you're cleaning

885
00:34:05,500 --> 00:34:07,033
and helping them 
clean out some stuff,

886
00:34:07,033 --> 00:34:08,433
you can send those seeds 
off to

887
00:34:08,433 --> 00:34:09,533
Department of Agriculture.

888
00:34:09,533 --> 00:34:10,833
You can send them 
through the

889
00:34:10,833 --> 00:34:12,400
the Clemson 
Extension offices,

890
00:34:12,400 --> 00:34:13,800
and we'll ship them to you

891
00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:14,900
or ship them to the lab

892
00:34:14,900 --> 00:34:16,000
in Columbia

893
00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:17,066
with Department of Ag,

894
00:34:17,066 --> 00:34:18,733
and they will tell you 
what your seeding rate is.

895
00:34:18,733 --> 00:34:20,600
They'll also 
do a purity too.

896
00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:23,433
So if it is like a bin run 
seed, let's say,

897
00:34:23,433 --> 00:34:24,533
they went 
and took the header

898
00:34:24,533 --> 00:34:25,566
and harvested some wheat

899
00:34:25,566 --> 00:34:27,200
and they want to see 
what their wheat germ

900
00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:28,800
is for the next year's 
planting,

901
00:34:28,800 --> 00:34:30,800
they'll tell you if 
there's ryegrass in there,

902
00:34:30,800 --> 00:34:32,433
any kind of other 
impurities. >> Okay.

903
00:34:32,433 --> 00:34:33,466
Yeah.

904
00:34:33,466 --> 00:34:35,200
So if you wanted 
to sell it, you could.

905
00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:36,666
Amanda> That's pretty cool. 
>> Yeah.

906
00:34:36,666 --> 00:34:40,166
Well, so, the South Carolina 
Department of Agriculture

907
00:34:40,166 --> 00:34:42,300
does lots of great things 
for us.

908
00:34:42,300 --> 00:34:43,533
They do a lot more

909
00:34:43,533 --> 00:34:45,500
than just the things 
people think they do.

910
00:34:45,500 --> 00:34:46,366
Hannah> They for sure do. Yeah.

911
00:34:46,366 --> 00:34:47,933
Amanda> Well, 
that was just wonderful.

912
00:34:47,933 --> 00:34:49,900
And tell Wats we appreciate it, 
too.

913
00:34:49,900 --> 00:34:51,866
Hannah> I will. He won't like 
that I tore it up.

914
00:34:51,866 --> 00:34:53,433
Amanda> No, 
I don't think he'll like that.

915
00:34:53,433 --> 00:34:55,866
Hannah> We'll have to trim it. 
Amanda> Put it back in. (laughs)

916
00:34:55,866 --> 00:34:58,533
Amanda> Okay. There we go. 
All right, Terasa.

917
00:34:58,533 --> 00:35:00,000
Terasa> Well, before 
we go to another question,

918
00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:01,866
you were asking 
about the wild cherry.

919
00:35:01,866 --> 00:35:04,600
And so since I have the 
technology at my fingertips,

920
00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:08,700
our good friend Doug Tallamy 
writes about a wildlife value.

921
00:35:08,700 --> 00:35:12,033
Right? And so black cherry 
serves as the host

922
00:35:12,033 --> 00:35:16,333
for more than 450 
different species.

923
00:35:16,333 --> 00:35:18,400
So they're not all, not 
necessarily in South Carolina,

924
00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:21,233
but one of them is our 
eastern tiger swallowtail,

925
00:35:21,233 --> 00:35:23,666
which is our state 
butterfly.

926
00:35:23,666 --> 00:35:24,666
Amanda> Yeah. Yeah, yeah.

927
00:35:24,666 --> 00:35:26,233
Terasa> But that that's pretty 
amazing, right?

928
00:35:26,233 --> 00:35:27,866
And we talk about 
how different.

929
00:35:27,866 --> 00:35:31,033
But some butterflies 
are generalists

930
00:35:31,033 --> 00:35:32,433
and feed on multiple species,

931
00:35:32,433 --> 00:35:34,166
and others 
are very specific.

932
00:35:34,166 --> 00:35:36,133
Like we talk about 
the monarch only uses

933
00:35:36,133 --> 00:35:38,466
milkweed species, 
but that is incredible.

934
00:35:38,466 --> 00:35:42,333
And of course, the fruits are 
used by birds as well. So.

935
00:35:42,333 --> 00:35:45,300
And of course, 
pollen and nectar as well.

936
00:35:45,300 --> 00:35:48,033
Amanda> And I wonder if it's 
even available in the trade.

937
00:35:48,033 --> 00:35:49,800
Probably not.

938
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:51,100
Davis> I would imagine a,

939
00:35:51,100 --> 00:35:53,533
a mail order 
native plant nursery

940
00:35:53,533 --> 00:35:56,000
would be a good source 
for it. (crosstalk)

941
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:59,000
Terasa> Some consider it 
kind of a weedy tree, so.

942
00:35:59,266 --> 00:36:00,500
Oh, in the in the home

943
00:36:00,500 --> 00:36:03,100
landscape, people 
might not appreciate

944
00:36:03,100 --> 00:36:04,200
its growth habit.

945
00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:06,033
Amanda> But it's not like 
cherry laurel. It doesn't,

946
00:36:06,033 --> 00:36:08,433
so it doesn't come up 
everywhere.

947
00:36:08,433 --> 00:36:10,166
And, you know, 
cherry laurel's a marvel,

948
00:36:10,166 --> 00:36:12,300
even though it's a native, 
I mean, good gracious.

949
00:36:12,300 --> 00:36:15,933
But, the Prunus seratina 
does not,

950
00:36:15,933 --> 00:36:18,066
and it has a real pretty bark, 
if I remember.

951
00:36:18,066 --> 00:36:19,066
Vicky> It's really interesting.

952
00:36:19,066 --> 00:36:21,533
It, it's smooth, 
but it's not,

953
00:36:21,533 --> 00:36:23,866
because it'll have, like -- 
Amanda> Lenticels or something.

954
00:36:23,866 --> 00:36:25,433
Vicky> Yeah, it looks like 
lenticels on it,

955
00:36:25,433 --> 00:36:27,300
but they're, they're long

956
00:36:27,300 --> 00:36:29,266
and skinny, instead of being 
little focus dots

957
00:36:29,266 --> 00:36:30,933
Vicky> Yeah. I think it's 
quite beautiful.

958
00:36:30,933 --> 00:36:32,900
They're kind of long and skinny.

959
00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:34,200
Amanda> Well, thanks, Terasa,

960
00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:38,533
for looking that up 
and telling us about it. 400!

961
00:36:38,533 --> 00:36:40,900
Terasa> Yeah. 
>> Okay.

962
00:36:40,900 --> 00:36:42,200
Okay, 
we do have a question.

963
00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:44,400
That one comes from Jeremy 
in Saluda.

964
00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:46,066
Somewhat related.

965
00:36:46,066 --> 00:36:47,966
He said, I planted 
what I thought

966
00:36:47,966 --> 00:36:50,400
was a native plant, 
but it's taken over

967
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:51,933
the entire flower bed.

968
00:36:51,933 --> 00:36:54,200
Is that normal?

969
00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:55,566
Amanda> Ooh.

970
00:36:55,566 --> 00:36:58,500
Goodness. Well, Davis, 
y'all have a lot of

971
00:36:58,500 --> 00:37:00,466
native plants 
that y'all deal with.

972
00:37:00,466 --> 00:37:03,100
Davis> We do. And, 
and one of the issues

973
00:37:03,100 --> 00:37:04,800
is that so many 
Southeastern natives

974
00:37:04,800 --> 00:37:06,366
won't grow here anymore

975
00:37:06,366 --> 00:37:08,166
because of the 
environmental changes.

976
00:37:08,166 --> 00:37:10,000
We don't have as 
many trees as we used to.

977
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:11,433
We've already addressed that.

978
00:37:11,433 --> 00:37:13,833
But, also,

979
00:37:13,833 --> 00:37:16,533
using a native plant, you 
first of all have to look

980
00:37:16,533 --> 00:37:18,900
at what area it's 
native to.

981
00:37:18,900 --> 00:37:20,000
and in order 
for that plant

982
00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:22,200
to succeed in your area, 
you have to

983
00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:24,266
kind of duplicate 
those situations.

984
00:37:24,266 --> 00:37:27,566
A good example is 
the prairie cone flower.

985
00:37:27,566 --> 00:37:30,066
This is one of the most 
beautiful cone flowers.

986
00:37:30,066 --> 00:37:32,666
It's free flowering 
flowers for a long time.

987
00:37:32,666 --> 00:37:35,633
Huge, yellow,

988
00:37:35,633 --> 00:37:38,600
yellow flowers with 
the classic brown seed.

989
00:37:38,600 --> 00:37:40,500
Amanda> Yes?

990
00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:42,900
Davis> This is not 
a true, true cone flower.

991
00:37:42,900 --> 00:37:44,000
It's, this is a Ratibida

992
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:47,033
is the Latin name 
for this one, but,

993
00:37:47,033 --> 00:37:50,066
but in, in, in a prairie 
setting,

994
00:37:50,066 --> 00:37:52,400
the environment is 
going to limit its spread.

995
00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:54,300
You're going to have, 
periods of drought,

996
00:37:54,300 --> 00:37:56,333
you're going to have periods 
of heavy rain, you're going to

997
00:37:56,333 --> 00:37:58,100
have different soil types.

998
00:37:58,100 --> 00:38:01,933
But moving this 
into a stable environment,

999
00:38:01,933 --> 00:38:03,266
like a home landscape

1000
00:38:03,266 --> 00:38:05,633
where you've got 
the same water requirements,

1001
00:38:05,633 --> 00:38:08,966
the same moisture 
availability.

1002
00:38:08,966 --> 00:38:11,133
Amanda> You've got irrigation 
and can turn the sprinklers on.

1003
00:38:11,133 --> 00:38:12,433
Davis> Right. 
The same soil type.

1004
00:38:12,433 --> 00:38:16,000
This plant will find 
a good spot to grow in,

1005
00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:18,200
and it will grow 
until it reaches a spot

1006
00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:19,666
where it's not happy.

1007
00:38:19,666 --> 00:38:22,666
And, in some cases, 
this, this particular one --

1008
00:38:22,666 --> 00:38:23,833
Amanda> It's aggressive.

1009
00:38:23,833 --> 00:38:25,400
Davis> It can be aggressive.

1010
00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:26,933
It's an excellent filler

1011
00:38:26,933 --> 00:38:28,933
if you've got 
a, like a large hillside

1012
00:38:28,933 --> 00:38:30,300
or something like that 
where you're wanting

1013
00:38:30,300 --> 00:38:31,866
to stabilize the soil.

1014
00:38:31,866 --> 00:38:34,700
It's got a fairly 
good shade tolerance.

1015
00:38:34,700 --> 00:38:37,533
So if you've got an area 
maybe on a woodland edge

1016
00:38:37,533 --> 00:38:39,833
where you just want 
a big mass of flowers,

1017
00:38:39,833 --> 00:38:43,166
this might be one 
to choose, but, it's, it's,

1018
00:38:43,500 --> 00:38:46,000
it's not not one 
to put in a small space.

1019
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:48,700
I had one escape 
from one of my plantings,

1020
00:38:48,700 --> 00:38:51,433
and, in one year's time, 
it covered about a 300

1021
00:38:51,433 --> 00:38:53,033
square foot bed.

1022
00:38:53,033 --> 00:38:54,433
but...

1023
00:38:54,433 --> 00:38:57,633
Amanda> I don't think I'd want 
to have that any anywhere near.

1024
00:38:57,633 --> 00:38:59,500
I mean, I just don't think 
it should be here.

1025
00:38:59,500 --> 00:39:01,800
Davis> But if it's, here again, 
if it's,

1026
00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:04,900
if you've got that kind of 
a specialized area, it's,

1027
00:39:04,900 --> 00:39:06,833
it's kind of like, 
kind of like love grass

1028
00:39:06,833 --> 00:39:09,200
the highway department 
uses on roadsides.

1029
00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:11,533
It has, 
it does have some use.

1030
00:39:11,533 --> 00:39:13,100
Amanda> Because it's,

1031
00:39:13,100 --> 00:39:15,833
you know, we've, 
the United States is huge,

1032
00:39:15,833 --> 00:39:20,133
you know, and so things 
that are native in one place,

1033
00:39:21,133 --> 00:39:22,866
the conditions 
are so very different

1034
00:39:22,866 --> 00:39:24,533
that when you take it 
somewhere else,

1035
00:39:24,533 --> 00:39:28,200
it may not behave itself, 
so, I think, maybe we should be,

1036
00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:30,266
you know, 
what would be a good way

1037
00:39:30,266 --> 00:39:32,933
to find natives 
that are native to,

1038
00:39:33,366 --> 00:39:36,366
that wouldn't get out 
of hand here, I wonder?

1039
00:39:36,366 --> 00:39:38,533
Davis> Well, it's, it's 
really kind of difficult

1040
00:39:38,533 --> 00:39:42,233
because you have to find 
places that, that have

1041
00:39:42,233 --> 00:39:44,533
the same type soil structure

1042
00:39:44,533 --> 00:39:46,133
that we would have 
and that kind of thing.

1043
00:39:46,133 --> 00:39:50,733
And, and a lot of, a lot of 
gardening, especially dealing

1044
00:39:50,733 --> 00:39:54,433
with either natives or exotics 
is sort of trial and error.

1045
00:39:54,433 --> 00:39:55,666
I've got this plant.

1046
00:39:55,666 --> 00:39:57,333
I'm going to see 
if it will grow here.

1047
00:39:57,333 --> 00:39:59,066
It won't grow here. 
Let me try it over here.

1048
00:39:59,066 --> 00:40:00,366
Oh, it's too happy there.

1049
00:40:00,366 --> 00:40:02,433
Amanda> Vicky, 
native plants and things,

1050
00:40:02,433 --> 00:40:04,000
y'all suggested pollinator 
gardens at HGIC.

1051
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:05,700
Vicky> We do.

1052
00:40:05,700 --> 00:40:08,600
Amanda> Do y'all take into 
account things like this?

1053
00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:13,166
Vicky> We do. So we'll look 
at, you know, is this, is this

1054
00:40:13,166 --> 00:40:14,600
on any kind of watch list?

1055
00:40:16,166 --> 00:40:18,000
Amanda> Would something 
like this be on a watch list?

1056
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:19,766
Vicky> It could be. 
>> Oh, okay.

1057
00:40:19,766 --> 00:40:22,033
There's a number 
of lists to look at.

1058
00:40:22,033 --> 00:40:24,266
There's a number of websites

1059
00:40:24,266 --> 00:40:26,666
that we use to recommend 
plants. >> Okay.

1060
00:40:26,666 --> 00:40:28,466
We've mentioned 
many times

1061
00:40:28,466 --> 00:40:30,466
the Carolina Yards 
plant database.

1062
00:40:30,466 --> 00:40:31,766
Terasa> Yes. 
I'm glad you said that,

1063
00:40:31,766 --> 00:40:33,100
because we are actually 
working

1064
00:40:33,100 --> 00:40:36,200
with the South Carolina 
Native Plants Society.

1065
00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:38,566
And, we're going to launch, 
actually,

1066
00:40:38,566 --> 00:40:40,500
they have already launched 
a new plant.

1067
00:40:40,500 --> 00:40:42,566
They're calling it a plant 
directory.

1068
00:40:42,566 --> 00:40:45,200
And so, 
we have intentions

1069
00:40:45,200 --> 00:40:47,866
to kind of move away from our 
Carolina Yards plant database

1070
00:40:47,866 --> 00:40:49,166
and direct people

1071
00:40:49,166 --> 00:40:52,400
to the South Carolina Native 
Plant Society plant directory.

1072
00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:53,700
Amanda> Well, 
I think that's wonderful.

1073
00:40:53,700 --> 00:40:54,800
Vicky> And then there's 
another one.

1074
00:40:54,800 --> 00:40:58,833
There's the NC State 
Extension Gardener

1075
00:40:58,833 --> 00:41:00,166
Plant Tool Box.

1076
00:41:00,166 --> 00:41:05,300
It's very similar to the 
Carolina Yards Plant Database.

1077
00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:06,666
And you --

1078
00:41:06,666 --> 00:41:08,233
Amanda> North Carolina's 
going to have

1079
00:41:08,233 --> 00:41:09,766
lots of things 
in common with us.

1080
00:41:09,766 --> 00:41:14,100
Vicky> Right. Both of those 
databases or directories,

1081
00:41:14,100 --> 00:41:16,866
they have, like, 
a plant profile.

1082
00:41:16,866 --> 00:41:19,766
And if it happens to be 
something that's,

1083
00:41:19,766 --> 00:41:22,433
that's emerging 
as a noxious plant,

1084
00:41:22,433 --> 00:41:24,100
it'll get mentioned 
on there.

1085
00:41:24,100 --> 00:41:26,633
And then we've also got

1086
00:41:26,633 --> 00:41:30,533
the Department of Plant 
Industry has

1087
00:41:30,866 --> 00:41:33,133
plant lists to keep up with too.

1088
00:41:33,133 --> 00:41:34,733
Amanda> Okay. Okay. 
Well, thank you so much,

1089
00:41:34,733 --> 00:41:36,433
and you just take 
that right back home.

1090
00:41:36,433 --> 00:41:38,033
Davis> Okay.

1091
00:41:38,033 --> 00:41:39,266
(laughter)

1092
00:41:39,266 --> 00:41:41,866
You got it.

1093
00:41:41,866 --> 00:41:43,900
Amanda> Vicky, 
what you got over there?

1094
00:41:43,900 --> 00:41:47,066
Vicky> So I was out looking 
in my landscape for fun things

1095
00:41:47,066 --> 00:41:48,066
to bring on the show,

1096
00:41:48,066 --> 00:41:49,400
and I was looking

1097
00:41:49,400 --> 00:41:52,333
for periodical cicadas 
because I could hear them,

1098
00:41:52,333 --> 00:41:53,600
but I couldn't 
find anything.

1099
00:41:53,600 --> 00:41:56,233
But I just happened 
to find something else.

1100
00:41:56,233 --> 00:42:00,200
I've got, a bunch of scrubby 
oaks in my landscape,

1101
00:42:00,633 --> 00:42:04,000
but one of the fun things 
I found was a bagworm.

1102
00:42:04,300 --> 00:42:08,500
And these are really neat 
Lepidopterans.

1103
00:42:08,500 --> 00:42:12,866
And so Lepidoptera 
are moths and butterflies.

1104
00:42:12,866 --> 00:42:14,433
This one happens to be a moth.

1105
00:42:14,433 --> 00:42:19,800
And bagworms are really, really 
neat critters.

1106
00:42:20,066 --> 00:42:23,200
It's, so the females will spend

1107
00:42:23,200 --> 00:42:25,400
their entire lives 
in this bag and, um...

1108
00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:28,200
Amanda> 
They're just a giant ovary.

1109
00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:29,233
Uterus. (laughs)

1110
00:42:29,233 --> 00:42:31,500
Vicky> Just a sac 
that she totes around

1111
00:42:31,500 --> 00:42:33,900
and the males are

1112
00:42:33,900 --> 00:42:35,333
going to find her.

1113
00:42:35,333 --> 00:42:38,466
They'll, they'll mate 
inside that bag.

1114
00:42:38,466 --> 00:42:42,000
She lays the eggs 
inside the bag,

1115
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:45,266
and then the smaller 
caterpillars will emerge.

1116
00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:48,700
And what they'll do 
is these caterpillars and,

1117
00:42:48,700 --> 00:42:52,433
they'll gather the plant 
material,

1118
00:42:52,733 --> 00:42:55,733
and they'll use that 
to put on the case.

1119
00:42:56,133 --> 00:42:59,300
And this one happens 
to be very, very small.

1120
00:42:59,300 --> 00:43:00,466
We've seen them.

1121
00:43:00,466 --> 00:43:04,000
So one of the restaurants 
in North Augusta had a

1122
00:43:04,366 --> 00:43:06,200
significant infestation.

1123
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:09,166
It defoliated 
most of the shrubbery

1124
00:43:09,166 --> 00:43:11,500
in their, 
in their landscaping,

1125
00:43:11,500 --> 00:43:13,766
but they were hanging on, 
like, the order boards

1126
00:43:13,766 --> 00:43:15,766
and it looked like 
little Christmas ornaments.

1127
00:43:15,766 --> 00:43:18,600
And, we see them a lot.

1128
00:43:18,600 --> 00:43:20,200
Amanda> Mabre the Grinch's 
Christmas ornament.

1129
00:43:20,200 --> 00:43:21,433
Vicky> Evergreen tree.

1130
00:43:21,433 --> 00:43:22,600
It's like an entomologist 
Christmas ornament,

1131
00:43:22,600 --> 00:43:25,600
I mean, come on. (laughter)

1132
00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:28,966
But we see them. They feed 
on a ton of different plants.

1133
00:43:28,966 --> 00:43:31,833
I'm talking like 50 different 
families of plants,

1134
00:43:31,833 --> 00:43:35,533
and we often see them 
on our evergreens, like,

1135
00:43:35,533 --> 00:43:38,533
you know, thujas 
and, and our cedars

1136
00:43:38,533 --> 00:43:39,833
and our junipers.

1137
00:43:39,833 --> 00:43:42,366
But, I mean, 
this one's on oak, and so...

1138
00:43:42,366 --> 00:43:45,066
Amanda> They can be 
kind of disfiguring.

1139
00:43:45,066 --> 00:43:47,033
Vicky> They can. 
They're defoliators,

1140
00:43:47,033 --> 00:43:50,333
and it's, it's 
one of those things

1141
00:43:50,333 --> 00:43:51,900
that if you're going 
to manage

1142
00:43:51,900 --> 00:43:53,466
caterpillars like this, 
you have to do it

1143
00:43:53,466 --> 00:43:55,766
when they're 
in the very early stages

1144
00:43:55,766 --> 00:43:58,400
and they're young 
and actively feeding.

1145
00:43:58,400 --> 00:44:01,566
And you can use bacterium 
like Bacillus thuringiensis.

1146
00:44:01,566 --> 00:44:03,333
Amanda> Sure, if they're young.

1147
00:44:03,333 --> 00:44:04,866
Vicky> If they're young. 
>> Yeah.

1148
00:44:04,866 --> 00:44:06,266
And for caterpillars 
like this

1149
00:44:06,266 --> 00:44:07,733
you have to use a certain Bt.

1150
00:44:07,733 --> 00:44:10,066
It has to be keristake,

1151
00:44:10,066 --> 00:44:13,066
that you would use on this.

1152
00:44:13,066 --> 00:44:15,866
Amanda> Oh, well, thank you 
for going out there and, and

1153
00:44:15,866 --> 00:44:18,300
having such good eyesight. 
Good gracious, almighty.

1154
00:44:18,300 --> 00:44:19,700
(laughter)

1155
00:44:19,700 --> 00:44:20,766
Terasa?

1156
00:44:20,766 --> 00:44:23,966
Terasa> Let's see what 
other questions we have.

1157
00:44:23,966 --> 00:44:27,033
How about 
Jason in Eastover

1158
00:44:27,033 --> 00:44:29,500
said, could you explain 
how cover crops

1159
00:44:29,500 --> 00:44:31,000
are beneficial

1160
00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:34,900
in large scale farming 
and in the home garden?

1161
00:44:34,900 --> 00:44:37,333
Hannah> Yeah, 
I can do that one for you.

1162
00:44:37,333 --> 00:44:39,266
Amanda> Okay, please do. 
Hannah> I actually have some.

1163
00:44:39,266 --> 00:44:43,733
They're starting to kind of get 
out of hand this time of year

1164
00:44:43,733 --> 00:44:46,333
if they haven't already been 
sprayed and planted into.

1165
00:44:46,333 --> 00:44:48,666
This is our hairy vetch. 
It's a purple flower.

1166
00:44:48,666 --> 00:44:49,900
It's a big climber.

1167
00:44:49,900 --> 00:44:52,466
It has these little tendrils 
that will crawl up,

1168
00:44:52,466 --> 00:44:54,533
these really tall...

1169
00:44:54,533 --> 00:44:57,633
Watch out! Ugh. (laughter)

1170
00:44:57,633 --> 00:44:59,233
So that really tall one,

1171
00:44:59,233 --> 00:45:01,100
I don't know 
if you can see it there.

1172
00:45:01,100 --> 00:45:06,866
That is going to be 
our, our cereal rye.

1173
00:45:06,866 --> 00:45:08,100
It gets really tall.

1174
00:45:08,100 --> 00:45:10,466
It can get upwards 
of five, six foot tall,

1175
00:45:10,466 --> 00:45:12,333
and it's taller than I am 
when I'm out there.

1176
00:45:12,333 --> 00:45:14,366
The seeding rate on it, 
especially

1177
00:45:14,366 --> 00:45:15,766
if it's in a several mix

1178
00:45:15,766 --> 00:45:19,233
like 4 or 5 way mix in the, 
in the fields,

1179
00:45:19,533 --> 00:45:22,333
is, is going to be 
relatively low

1180
00:45:22,333 --> 00:45:23,466
if you're 
instead of doing it

1181
00:45:23,466 --> 00:45:25,333
just a solid cereal 
rye field.

1182
00:45:25,333 --> 00:45:28,200
It has a lot of advantages 
because of the biomass.

1183
00:45:28,200 --> 00:45:30,666
It does aid 
in weed suppression.

1184
00:45:30,666 --> 00:45:32,766
So, which is excellent. 
Right?

1185
00:45:32,766 --> 00:45:35,466
If they're seeding cotton 
into it, they mow it down.

1186
00:45:35,466 --> 00:45:37,600
They can spray it and kill it,

1187
00:45:37,600 --> 00:45:39,466
green, all of this, they can,

1188
00:45:39,466 --> 00:45:41,400
or, they can,

1189
00:45:41,400 --> 00:45:42,700
they can plant into it 
green.

1190
00:45:42,700 --> 00:45:44,166
And they would have like 
a roller crimper

1191
00:45:44,166 --> 00:45:45,500
on the front of their planter.

1192
00:45:45,500 --> 00:45:48,833
And it looks like a giant drum 
that has, like,

1193
00:45:48,833 --> 00:45:50,400
little spikes on it almost.

1194
00:45:50,400 --> 00:45:52,366
But it's a long, like, 
rigid thing

1195
00:45:52,366 --> 00:45:53,900
and it crimps the stems.

1196
00:45:53,900 --> 00:45:56,400
And so when the stems 
(crunching) You hear it break?

1197
00:45:56,400 --> 00:45:58,266
Yeah, it stops it from growing.

1198
00:45:58,266 --> 00:46:00,066
Amanda> And then they just make 
a tiny area

1199
00:46:00,066 --> 00:46:01,600
in which 
to insert the new seeds?

1200
00:46:01,600 --> 00:46:02,866
Hannah> That's correct.

1201
00:46:02,866 --> 00:46:05,466
Amanda> And there's all this 
fascinating research being done

1202
00:46:05,466 --> 00:46:07,833
on always having living roots 
in the soil.

1203
00:46:07,833 --> 00:46:10,066
Hannah> That's correct, 
and a mixture of roots.

1204
00:46:10,066 --> 00:46:12,633
So it's not just a mono 
crop type of situation.

1205
00:46:12,633 --> 00:46:15,266
We don't just have grasses 
like these oats here.

1206
00:46:15,266 --> 00:46:16,733
we don't just have rye.

1207
00:46:16,733 --> 00:46:18,266
We will have 
legume in there.

1208
00:46:18,266 --> 00:46:19,566
We'll also have...

1209
00:46:19,566 --> 00:46:21,500
This one's already cut out 
pretty seriously.

1210
00:46:21,500 --> 00:46:23,700
But this is our crimson 
clover.

1211
00:46:23,700 --> 00:46:25,366
It's already pretty dead.

1212
00:46:25,366 --> 00:46:26,900
But as you can see, 
it's seeded out,

1213
00:46:26,900 --> 00:46:28,366
and it got relatively tall

1214
00:46:28,366 --> 00:46:29,800
for what we know of clover.

1215
00:46:29,800 --> 00:46:31,366
But it's competing 
with everything else.

1216
00:46:31,366 --> 00:46:34,866
So the biomass is really 
increasing. Amanda> Wow!

1217
00:46:34,866 --> 00:46:37,666
Hannah> In some cases, you can 
actually graze it for cattle.

1218
00:46:37,666 --> 00:46:39,466
As long as they don't 
graze it all the way down,

1219
00:46:39,466 --> 00:46:40,800
they're leaving some biomass.

1220
00:46:40,800 --> 00:46:42,933
You still retain 
that weed suppression

1221
00:46:42,933 --> 00:46:44,400
if you're going 
to plant into it.

1222
00:46:44,400 --> 00:46:45,433
And what you refer to

1223
00:46:45,433 --> 00:46:47,433
is planning into that, 
you have a cut in culture,

1224
00:46:47,433 --> 00:46:49,700
it can be wavy or straight 
or what have you,

1225
00:46:49,700 --> 00:46:51,833
and they'll 
cut into the soil,

1226
00:46:51,833 --> 00:46:53,333
and then they'll have 
some row cleaners

1227
00:46:53,333 --> 00:46:56,700
that kind of sweep back 
the bag mass. Right?

1228
00:46:56,700 --> 00:46:57,966
And then they'll drop 
the seeds in

1229
00:46:57,966 --> 00:46:58,933
and they have their press 
tools

1230
00:46:58,933 --> 00:47:00,133
that close it 
back up for you.

1231
00:47:00,133 --> 00:47:02,333
So so you're really 
getting some good seed

1232
00:47:02,333 --> 00:47:03,866
to soil contact 
in a lot of cases,

1233
00:47:03,866 --> 00:47:05,633
you've got the biomass 
under the ground

1234
00:47:05,633 --> 00:47:08,100
that's creating little 
tubes for all the roots,

1235
00:47:08,100 --> 00:47:11,766
and to allow air 
and water to percolate

1236
00:47:11,766 --> 00:47:12,766
down through the soil.

1237
00:47:12,766 --> 00:47:14,966
And as this decomposes, 
it adds back --

1238
00:47:14,966 --> 00:47:17,333
Amanda> Organic matter. 
>> That's right. Yeah.

1239
00:47:17,333 --> 00:47:21,000
So this is really kind 
of a trend and perhaps

1240
00:47:21,566 --> 00:47:24,566
a new way of farming, 
always having living roots

1241
00:47:24,800 --> 00:47:26,433
in the soil,

1242
00:47:26,433 --> 00:47:29,600
because you keep 
the underground networks

1243
00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:30,900
of all the

1244
00:47:30,900 --> 00:47:33,966
psyllium and amoebas and 
all those little animals

1245
00:47:34,566 --> 00:47:35,900
Hannah> They're keeping 
everybody happy, that's right.

1246
00:47:35,900 --> 00:47:38,033
Amanda> And they interact 
with the plant and can actually

1247
00:47:38,033 --> 00:47:40,266
bring water and nutrients 
to the plant.

1248
00:47:40,266 --> 00:47:41,366
Hannah> That's correct. Yeah.

1249
00:47:41,366 --> 00:47:43,866
And a lot of cases in some soil 
types and whatever

1250
00:47:43,866 --> 00:47:45,866
we're planting in mass 
quantities, right,

1251
00:47:45,866 --> 00:47:47,866
they'll have a place 
for cover crops

1252
00:47:47,866 --> 00:47:50,233
and in other areas 
where you're doing more.

1253
00:47:50,233 --> 00:47:52,466
So peanuts, 
you won't have as much area

1254
00:47:52,466 --> 00:47:54,933
needed for cover crops 
because you do a disc up

1255
00:47:54,933 --> 00:47:57,933
the land so much when you're 
harvesting those crops,

1256
00:47:57,933 --> 00:48:00,433
but there is a huge 
fit for it.

1257
00:48:00,433 --> 00:48:02,500
We're seeing more 
of a resurgence now

1258
00:48:02,500 --> 00:48:03,966
because there's government 
programs

1259
00:48:03,966 --> 00:48:05,933
that assist 
with the cost share of it,

1260
00:48:05,933 --> 00:48:07,533
but it was a practice 
that was done

1261
00:48:07,533 --> 00:48:09,033
years and years ago 
as well.

1262
00:48:09,033 --> 00:48:11,566
It's just we're seeing 
a new trend come up.

1263
00:48:11,566 --> 00:48:13,633
Amanda> This is wonderful. 
And especially as we're

1264
00:48:13,633 --> 00:48:15,800
trying to find, synthetic

1265
00:48:15,800 --> 00:48:17,966
fertilizers are getting 
more expensive.

1266
00:48:17,966 --> 00:48:21,633
We're finding that 
this type of farming

1267
00:48:21,633 --> 00:48:24,633
can actually use nutrients 
that are already in the soil.

1268
00:48:24,633 --> 00:48:26,733
It's like a soil bank.

1269
00:48:26,733 --> 00:48:30,066
Hannah> I think one of the words 
we've captured with doing

1270
00:48:30,066 --> 00:48:31,300
this is like 
a regenerative

1271
00:48:31,300 --> 00:48:33,166
agriculture type 
situation.

1272
00:48:33,166 --> 00:48:34,400
And I'm not saying this is

1273
00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:36,700
end all, be all for all 
row crop situations.

1274
00:48:36,700 --> 00:48:37,800
It has its fit,

1275
00:48:37,800 --> 00:48:39,466
especially with different 
soil types.

1276
00:48:39,466 --> 00:48:41,166
But for people who are

1277
00:48:41,166 --> 00:48:42,700
have some tracts of land

1278
00:48:42,700 --> 00:48:43,733
that they're 
wanting to like,

1279
00:48:43,733 --> 00:48:45,433
make sure that the tilt 
is there

1280
00:48:45,433 --> 00:48:46,866
and maybe try to increase

1281
00:48:46,866 --> 00:48:48,666
some organic matter 
for their grandchildren.

1282
00:48:48,666 --> 00:48:50,600
This is a way to do it. 
>> Thank you so much.

1283
00:48:50,600 --> 00:48:51,700
You're welcome.

1284
00:48:51,700 --> 00:48:53,700
Amanda> I really appreciate it. 
Terasa?

1285
00:48:53,700 --> 00:48:55,133
Terasa> Let's see if we can help

1286
00:48:55,133 --> 00:48:58,633
Laura in Winnsboro, who is 
collecting rainwater.

1287
00:48:58,866 --> 00:49:00,366
She says I'm 
using a bucket

1288
00:49:00,366 --> 00:49:03,033
and I notice there are 
things wiggling in there.

1289
00:49:03,033 --> 00:49:05,366
What could they be?

1290
00:49:05,366 --> 00:49:06,400
(laughter)

1291
00:49:06,400 --> 00:49:08,066
Exactly.

1292
00:49:08,066 --> 00:49:11,066
Vicky> I believe it is the state 
bird of South Carolina.

1293
00:49:12,133 --> 00:49:14,500
Some of them can carry you away. 
They really can.

1294
00:49:14,500 --> 00:49:16,866
Amanda> Mosquitoes.

1295
00:49:16,866 --> 00:49:17,966
Vicky> They are mosquitoes.

1296
00:49:17,966 --> 00:49:22,000
And what she's finding 
in that bucket of water

1297
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:23,933
are mosquito larvae

1298
00:49:23,933 --> 00:49:27,300
and, this is one of

1299
00:49:27,300 --> 00:49:29,300
those things 
where these are flies.

1300
00:49:29,300 --> 00:49:34,100
And there's 
different species,

1301
00:49:34,100 --> 00:49:36,200
and they lay in different 
places. >> All right.

1302
00:49:36,200 --> 00:49:39,100
So some of them lay 
in stagnant water.

1303
00:49:39,100 --> 00:49:40,300
Some of them are

1304
00:49:40,300 --> 00:49:43,033
have the ability to lay 
in, lay eggs,

1305
00:49:43,033 --> 00:49:44,566
maybe

1306
00:49:44,566 --> 00:49:47,466
next to a body of water 
and then it'll flood,

1307
00:49:47,466 --> 00:49:48,833
and then the larvae

1308
00:49:48,833 --> 00:49:51,233
will be able 
to go into that water.

1309
00:49:51,233 --> 00:49:53,400
So there's, there's lots 
of different species, and --

1310
00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:56,066
Amanda> And they don't need 
a whole lot of water sometimes.

1311
00:49:56,066 --> 00:50:00,266
Vicky> They, the research tells 
us that

1312
00:50:00,266 --> 00:50:04,200
like, 
soda can's worth lid top

1313
00:50:04,200 --> 00:50:08,566
will be able to sustain 
a mosquito fly cycle.

1314
00:50:08,933 --> 00:50:12,566
And, one of the 
ways that we combat it is

1315
00:50:13,766 --> 00:50:15,133
implementing IPM, which

1316
00:50:15,133 --> 00:50:16,533
is Integrated 
Pest Management.

1317
00:50:16,533 --> 00:50:18,700
We want to use 
cultural practices

1318
00:50:18,700 --> 00:50:22,600
such as, reducing the 
amount of standing water,

1319
00:50:22,800 --> 00:50:27,266
whether it be in a bucket 
that's collecting water,

1320
00:50:27,266 --> 00:50:30,333
rain barrel, a tarp, 
the dog water bowl,

1321
00:50:30,566 --> 00:50:32,733
anything like that, 
could be potted plants.

1322
00:50:32,733 --> 00:50:35,700
We have a lot of folks that 
have potted plants and they,

1323
00:50:35,700 --> 00:50:36,833
you know, 
we like to love them.

1324
00:50:36,833 --> 00:50:38,933
And so we water them 
and that water stands

1325
00:50:38,933 --> 00:50:41,366
and this can become 
larval habitat.

1326
00:50:41,366 --> 00:50:45,666
So one of the key issues, 
one of the key ways

1327
00:50:45,666 --> 00:50:48,666
to get, to help manage 
your mosquito population

1328
00:50:48,866 --> 00:50:52,100
is to remove larval, 
larval habitats. >> Yes.

1329
00:50:52,933 --> 00:50:55,966
And another way 
that, that we do, you know,

1330
00:50:55,966 --> 00:51:00,033
I mentioned 
a beauty product earlier,

1331
00:51:00,233 --> 00:51:03,866
is that, there's a race 
that you would use

1332
00:51:04,100 --> 00:51:05,633
for mosquitoes.

1333
00:51:05,633 --> 00:51:08,666
There's Bacillus 
thuringiensis.

1334
00:51:08,666 --> 00:51:11,833
And that manages 
fly larvae.

1335
00:51:11,833 --> 00:51:13,200
Amanda> And you can get 
a little duct.

1336
00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:14,966
It's like a little donut.

1337
00:51:14,966 --> 00:51:16,500
And, I've used it in

1338
00:51:16,500 --> 00:51:19,500
some places that are hard 
for me to control.

1339
00:51:19,700 --> 00:51:22,500
And I don't think it 
will even hurt your pets.

1340
00:51:22,500 --> 00:51:23,900
Vicky> It's not. 
It's, it's safe.

1341
00:51:23,900 --> 00:51:27,066
Amanda> It's completely safe? 
>> It's only for fly larvae.

1342
00:51:27,366 --> 00:51:30,866
It won't even kill like, 
Lepidopteran larvae.

1343
00:51:30,866 --> 00:51:33,133
So, it's very, 
very specialized.

1344
00:51:33,133 --> 00:51:35,466
Amanda> It's so specific. Yeah. 
>> Yes.

1345
00:51:35,466 --> 00:51:37,366
And they last a good while. 
>> They are. They do.

1346
00:51:37,366 --> 00:51:39,133
They're just wonderful.

1347
00:51:39,133 --> 00:51:40,266
Yeah.

1348
00:51:40,266 --> 00:51:42,300
Terasa> And we'd encourage 
anyone using a rain barrel

1349
00:51:42,300 --> 00:51:43,866
to screen it.

1350
00:51:43,866 --> 00:51:46,966
Try to excludes mosquitoes.

1351
00:51:46,966 --> 00:51:48,400
But you could use 
a dunk in there

1352
00:51:48,400 --> 00:51:49,700
and it would still be safe

1353
00:51:49,700 --> 00:51:51,033
to use the water 
on your plants.

1354
00:51:51,033 --> 00:51:52,800
Vicky> Ideally, you would screen 
it. Hannah> Yes.

1355
00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:56,266
Amanda> You know, you can't 
always do what's ideal.

1356
00:51:56,266 --> 00:51:58,600
(laughter) Davis,

1357
00:51:59,033 --> 00:52:00,100
let's talk about something

1358
00:52:00,100 --> 00:52:01,533
that might be fun 
for us to plant.

1359
00:52:01,533 --> 00:52:03,066
It might be ideal.

1360
00:52:03,066 --> 00:52:05,233
Davis> Okay, well, we've got 
a couple of things here.

1361
00:52:05,233 --> 00:52:06,633
We're getting back

1362
00:52:06,633 --> 00:52:11,566
to the species versus the 
cultivar, nativar nomenclature.

1363
00:52:11,566 --> 00:52:17,833
This is our native blazing star 
or Liatris spicata. >> Yes?

1364
00:52:17,833 --> 00:52:20,300
It's, it's an interesting

1365
00:52:20,300 --> 00:52:22,233
perennial because, well, 
first of all,

1366
00:52:22,233 --> 00:52:24,733
of course, it is 
a pollinator attractor.

1367
00:52:24,733 --> 00:52:27,200
Butterflies, hummingbirds 
will flock to it.

1368
00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:28,400
But the interesting thing 
about

1369
00:52:28,400 --> 00:52:30,733
this one is most, 
most flowers,

1370
00:52:30,733 --> 00:52:32,966
when they send up a scape 
of flowers, flowers

1371
00:52:32,966 --> 00:52:36,000
always open from 
the bottom up to the top.

1372
00:52:36,000 --> 00:52:38,633
The blazing star 
is exactly the opposite.

1373
00:52:38,633 --> 00:52:40,500
It will send up 
its flower spike,

1374
00:52:40,500 --> 00:52:42,733
and the flowers 
will open from the top

1375
00:52:42,733 --> 00:52:44,400
and then work their way down.

1376
00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:45,533
I'm going to turn it around

1377
00:52:45,533 --> 00:52:47,833
so you can see the picture 
of the flowers here.

1378
00:52:48,500 --> 00:52:52,500
And, the, the,

1379
00:52:52,500 --> 00:52:54,500
it gives the impression 
of a shooting star

1380
00:52:54,500 --> 00:52:57,300
because it's got this bright 
color at the top of it.

1381
00:52:57,300 --> 00:53:00,366
And then, and then as it 
fades, the lower

1382
00:53:01,133 --> 00:53:02,400
flowers open up.

1383
00:53:02,400 --> 00:53:03,366
Amanda> That sounds fun. 
And what about this fellow?

1384
00:53:03,366 --> 00:53:05,600
Davis> This is a red 
nodding onion.

1385
00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:07,966
This is a, 
it's a native onion.

1386
00:53:07,966 --> 00:53:10,333
It's got beautiful 
red flowers here.

1387
00:53:10,333 --> 00:53:12,833
Again, hummingbirds will crawl 
on their bellies

1388
00:53:12,833 --> 00:53:14,800
from Mexico 
to get to the nectar,

1389
00:53:14,800 --> 00:53:18,366
but, it's also a, 
it can be aggressive.

1390
00:53:18,366 --> 00:53:21,266
This is a good one for 
reclaiming rocky slopes.

1391
00:53:21,266 --> 00:53:23,566
I think where you've got a lot 
of rock, a lot of scree

1392
00:53:23,566 --> 00:53:26,566
where, you know, 
a rock is starting to shatter,

1393
00:53:26,766 --> 00:53:28,366
it's good 
for reclaiming that,

1394
00:53:28,366 --> 00:53:29,666
because the roots 
will help

1395
00:53:29,666 --> 00:53:32,800
further break down the, 
the minerals

1396
00:53:32,800 --> 00:53:33,966
in the rock, and --

1397
00:53:33,966 --> 00:53:35,366
Amanda> But don't put it 
in the flower bed.

1398
00:53:35,366 --> 00:53:36,600
Davis> Don't put it 
in your flower bed

1399
00:53:36,600 --> 00:53:38,866
unless you've got a big, 
rocky flower bed.

1400
00:53:38,866 --> 00:53:40,633
Amanda> Okay. And what have we 
got out front?

1401
00:53:40,633 --> 00:53:42,800
Davis> Out front, we've got a 
couple of, of nativar,

1402
00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:44,733
cultivar selections,

1403
00:53:44,733 --> 00:53:47,933
pick your word, 
of our native elderberry.

1404
00:53:49,000 --> 00:53:50,033
The one on the right,

1405
00:53:50,033 --> 00:53:52,366
the bright green one 
is one called lemony lace.

1406
00:53:52,366 --> 00:53:55,366
It does not flower 
very heavily.

1407
00:53:55,366 --> 00:53:56,933
It's grown 
mostly for the foliage,

1408
00:53:56,933 --> 00:53:59,266
but it does 
develop flowers.

1409
00:53:59,266 --> 00:54:04,233
And then the one on the left is, 
is one called dark tower.

1410
00:54:04,233 --> 00:54:07,000
That one is a little more 
closely related to the species.

1411
00:54:07,000 --> 00:54:08,800
So it's going to produce 
the flowers,

1412
00:54:08,800 --> 00:54:10,400
beautiful plant.

1413
00:54:10,400 --> 00:54:11,966
It can produce fruit

1414
00:54:11,966 --> 00:54:13,166
as long as there are other

1415
00:54:13,166 --> 00:54:14,900
native elderberries 
close by.

1416
00:54:14,900 --> 00:54:18,400
Amanda> Now, that's one more for 
the Upstate than the Lowcountry.

1417
00:54:18,400 --> 00:54:20,366
Davis> Yes, it can take 
a little bit of shade.

1418
00:54:20,366 --> 00:54:21,700
And it loves moist soil.

1419
00:54:21,700 --> 00:54:23,366
Amanda> Okay. Thank you. 
Thank you so much.

1420
00:54:23,366 --> 00:54:24,933
Thank you 
all for being with us.

1421
00:54:24,933 --> 00:54:26,400
We really appreciate it.

1422
00:54:26,400 --> 00:54:27,933
And we hope that you'll be 
with us

1423
00:54:27,933 --> 00:54:29,933
next week right here 
on Making It Grow.

1424
00:54:29,933 --> 00:54:31,600
Night night.

1425
00:54:31,600 --> 00:54:41,600
♪

1426
00:54:41,600 --> 00:54:51,600
♪

1427
00:54:51,600 --> 00:55:01,666
♪

1428
00:55:01,666 --> 00:55:11,666
♪

1429
00:55:11,666 --> 00:55:21,666
♪

1430
00:55:21,666 --> 00:55:31,666
♪

1431
00:55:31,666 --> 00:55:41,666
♪

1432
00:55:41,666 --> 00:55:45,666
♪

1433
00:55:46,833 --> 00:55:48,966
Making It Grow 
is brought to you in part by

1434
00:55:48,966 --> 00:55:51,966
Certified South Carolina.

1435
00:55:52,266 --> 00:55:55,266
This cooperative effort 
among farmers, retailers,

1436
00:55:55,266 --> 00:55:56,833
and the South Carolina 
Department

1437
00:55:56,833 --> 00:55:59,600
of Agriculture helps 
consumers identify foods

1438
00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:01,966
and agricultural products 
that are grown,

1439
00:56:01,966 --> 00:56:03,166
harvested, or raised

1440
00:56:03,166 --> 00:56:06,200
right here 
in the Palmetto State.

1441
00:56:06,200 --> 00:56:09,200
McLeod Farms in McBee, 
South Carolina,

1442
00:56:09,500 --> 00:56:12,500
family owned and operated 
since 1916.

1443
00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:15,500
This family farm offers 
seasonal produce,

1444
00:56:15,500 --> 00:56:18,500
including over 
40 varieties of peaches.

1445
00:56:19,300 --> 00:56:22,533
Wesley Commons, 
a full service continuing

1446
00:56:22,533 --> 00:56:27,000
care retirement community 
located on more than 150

1447
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:30,000
wooded acres in Greenwood, 
South Carolina.

1448
00:56:30,733 --> 00:56:34,733
Additional funding provided by 
the South Carolina Farm Bureau

1449
00:56:34,733 --> 00:56:37,733
Federation and Farm 
Bureau Insurance,

1450
00:56:38,000 --> 00:56:39,966
and Boone Hall Farms.