WEBVTT 00:00.866 --> 00:02.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - [Narrator] Montana Ag Live is made possible 00:02.866 --> 00:06.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% by the Montana Department of Agriculture, 00:08.100 --> 00:09.333 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% MSU Extension, 00:11.866 --> 00:15.466 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% the MSU Ag Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture, 00:17.100 --> 00:18.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee, 00:20.800 --> 00:22.766 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, 00:25.566 --> 00:27.266 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and the Gallatin Gardeners Club. 00:27.266 --> 00:29.866 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% (guitar music) 00:44.000 --> 00:47.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Welcome everyone to another episode of Montana Ag Live, 00:47.400 --> 00:52.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% coming to you live from the KUSM studios 00:52.033 --> 00:55.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% on the campus of Montana State University. 00:55.133 --> 00:57.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% My name's Tim Seipel, I'm your host tonight 00:57.700 --> 01:00.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and we have a great panel organized 01:00.200 --> 01:02.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% to talk about horticulture, 01:02.033 --> 01:04.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% to talk about organic agriculture, 01:04.400 --> 01:07.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% to talk about all our spring gardening needs. 01:08.433 --> 01:11.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Tonight, our special guest, I'll introduce the panel, 01:11.033 --> 01:12.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% we'll go from left to right. 01:12.300 --> 01:14.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Over here we have Perry Miller, 01:14.433 --> 01:17.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% he's our Cropping Systems professor. 01:17.766 --> 01:19.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Next to him, our special guest, 01:19.466 --> 01:23.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% John Wick from Tiber Organics. 01:23.033 --> 01:26.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% He's gonna tell us all about his organic operation 01:26.066 --> 01:30.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% up near ledger, and all his crop health and crop diversity. 01:30.866 --> 01:33.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% We have Mac Burgess tonight to answer all your 01:33.766 --> 01:35.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% very, very challenging 01:35.533 --> 01:39.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and difficult horticultural questions about, 01:39.033 --> 01:41.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% especially in vegetable gardening. 01:41.600 --> 01:45.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And we have Abi Saeed, our horticulture specialist, 01:45.033 --> 01:47.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and she's gonna tell us all about 01:48.400 --> 01:51.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% all the different issues we're gonna face this spring 01:51.533 --> 01:52.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% when we get to it. 01:52.833 --> 01:54.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% So, you guys know how it works. 01:54.500 --> 01:57.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Call in with your live questions, get us some questions 01:57.800 --> 01:58.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% to the panel. 01:58.866 --> 02:00.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And I'm gonna come back to you John, 02:00.566 --> 02:04.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% tell us about Tiber or Ridge Organics 02:04.133 --> 02:06.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and your organic operation. 02:06.566 --> 02:11.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Yeah, so I started out farming after my dad passed away 02:11.333 --> 02:13.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and kind of did things the way he had been doing it 02:13.933 --> 02:15.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% for about 10 years 02:15.600 --> 02:18.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and got interested in some organic agriculture 02:18.966 --> 02:21.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and took out some CRP 02:21.100 --> 02:23.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% and just dove kind of right in without 02:23.366 --> 02:25.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% really knowing very much and learned quite a bit. 02:25.766 --> 02:27.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But I ended up kind of falling in love with 02:27.900 --> 02:30.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that kind of agriculture and farming that way 02:30.500 --> 02:33.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% and decided to convert the whole farm to organic 02:33.900 --> 02:36.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and try different experiments every year 02:36.900 --> 02:39.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and really love growing cover crops. 02:39.466 --> 02:41.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - So you got interested in organic agriculture, why? 02:41.900 --> 02:43.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And then I want to hear about the CRP story, 02:43.833 --> 02:44.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% how that worked. 02:44.633 --> 02:46.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Yeah, that was a challenge. 02:46.500 --> 02:48.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Yeah, I guess we were just kinda struggling 02:48.800 --> 02:51.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% as a small family farm 02:51.066 --> 02:53.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and you know, it was hard to pay the bills. 02:53.266 --> 02:55.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And so we were looking at different like niche markets 02:55.600 --> 02:58.000 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% to try and get ahead or get even. 02:58.000 --> 03:00.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And so we looked into the organic 03:00.000 --> 03:02.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and I just kind of was having a little more fun 03:02.033 --> 03:05.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and then seeing, you know, the return on those acres 03:05.566 --> 03:08.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and the mitigating that risk a little bit 03:08.433 --> 03:10.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% was just really appealing 03:10.266 --> 03:12.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and just fun learning all these different things 03:12.400 --> 03:13.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% about soil health. 03:13.900 --> 03:18.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% And the CRP was a little challenging to get into that. 03:18.700 --> 03:21.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I think it was actually easier to transition already 03:21.366 --> 03:22.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% in production ground. 03:22.466 --> 03:26.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I struggled with alfalfa breaking that up and the grass 03:26.366 --> 03:28.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and you know, there's still patches out there 03:28.533 --> 03:32.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% where it's, alfalfa pretty thick, so that's a challenge. 03:32.533 --> 03:35.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% And really dry and I don't know if we had the best cover 03:35.000 --> 03:37.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% or CRP mix, you know, back when we put it in, 03:37.833 --> 03:40.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% it was in CRP for about 20 years, so. 03:40.400 --> 03:41.900 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Okay. - Long time. 03:41.900 --> 03:43.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Alright, thanks. 03:43.800 --> 03:45.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% We're gonna come back and ask you some more questions. 03:45.966 --> 03:48.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% I was remiss I forgot to introduce 03:48.600 --> 03:50.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% our phone operators tonight. 03:50.400 --> 03:52.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% We have Cheryl Bennett 03:52.066 --> 03:55.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and Candace Lamoury who are answering our phones tonight, 03:55.366 --> 03:57.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% so please be sure to call in 03:57.633 --> 04:00.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and keep them both busy on the phone lines. 04:00.766 --> 04:04.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% Okay, so, well we have a question that did come in 04:04.433 --> 04:06.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and it's actually about Kernza. 04:06.266 --> 04:09.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And this was a little bit related to last week's episode 04:09.166 --> 04:11.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% where we talked about malt barley. 04:11.200 --> 04:14.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So here at MSU, Jamie Sherman, who was on last week, 04:14.500 --> 04:17.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% has been working on Kernza beer brewing, 04:17.666 --> 04:21.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and this caller wanted to know what is Kernza 04:22.266 --> 04:25.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and can it be grown in Montana? 04:27.400 --> 04:28.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I'll let you handle that one Perry. 04:28.266 --> 04:32.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% - Okay, so Kernza is, it's the type of perennial wheat 04:32.266 --> 04:36.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and it's a hybrid between, well, it's got some genetic cross 04:36.800 --> 04:39.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% between intermediate wheat grass 04:39.133 --> 04:40.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and conventional wheat. 04:41.866 --> 04:44.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And there's different ways to arrive 04:44.066 --> 04:44.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% at this perennial wheat. 04:44.966 --> 04:47.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% The Kernza type was actually arrived at 04:47.800 --> 04:50.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% by starting with the perennial grass intermediate wheat 04:50.866 --> 04:53.133 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% and trying to inter-grass wheat genes 04:53.133 --> 04:55.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% into that to get larger seeds. 04:55.166 --> 04:56.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% So it's essentially grass seed, 04:56.866 --> 04:59.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but it's, you know, you want larger seeds 04:59.600 --> 05:02.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that start to look a little bit like wheat. 05:02.133 --> 05:04.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So yeah, it can be grown. 05:04.133 --> 05:08.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% We are growing some at our research farm here at Bozeman, 05:08.033 --> 05:09.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% getting some experience with it. 05:09.166 --> 05:11.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% It was a little more challenging to establish 05:11.033 --> 05:13.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% than I've, you know, I've grown lots of different crops 05:13.533 --> 05:14.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and lots of different perennials 05:14.633 --> 05:17.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and this one for whatever reason was more challenging 05:17.266 --> 05:18.466 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% than others. 05:18.466 --> 05:21.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% So, but we'll see how, that's why I'm excited to see 05:21.500 --> 05:23.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% how it stools this year and if you know what kind of heads 05:23.533 --> 05:25.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and what kind of seed production we get. 05:25.200 --> 05:27.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Yep, if we could really get it to yield 05:27.300 --> 05:28.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% it would be an amazing breakthrough 05:28.633 --> 05:32.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% because all our crops that we eat now, corn, rice, wheat, 05:32.566 --> 05:33.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% all of them are annual crops 05:33.866 --> 05:37.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and it requires all this disturbance 05:37.666 --> 05:40.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So when, if we get there, could make it in the future. 05:40.500 --> 05:42.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Sounds good, right? - Yep. 05:42.100 --> 05:44.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% But it's still at its heart 05:44.166 --> 05:46.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% is kind of like grass seed production 05:46.266 --> 05:49.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and so with grass seed production, you usually have one 05:49.000 --> 05:51.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% or two really good seed years 05:51.100 --> 05:52.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and then it's grass after that. 05:52.700 --> 05:57.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% So it's gonna have to be some hybrid forage/grain 05:58.833 --> 06:00.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% market for some time I think. 06:00.433 --> 06:03.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - I mean there's a fundamental physiological 06:03.133 --> 06:06.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% limitation there when a plant only makes so much sugar 06:06.633 --> 06:09.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and it either chooses to put it in its roots and survive 06:09.166 --> 06:13.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% or make seed with it and you kind of can't do a lot of both. 06:13.300 --> 06:14.300 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% Yeah, right? 06:15.833 --> 06:17.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - How many years do you usually get 06:17.433 --> 06:19.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% out of one seeding of the Kernza? 06:20.233 --> 06:21.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - So, that's a good question 06:21.766 --> 06:25.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% because it can actually live a long time, 06:25.433 --> 06:29.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% especially if our plots are an example. 06:29.700 --> 06:31.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% It's not a very uniform plant type. 06:31.600 --> 06:33.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Like we've got everything that looks like grass 06:33.700 --> 06:35.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% to actual plants that looked like 06:35.166 --> 06:36.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% they had little wheat seeds on them. 06:36.533 --> 06:38.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And so I don't know how uniform it is, 06:38.233 --> 06:40.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% it's like more like a population, 06:40.033 --> 06:44.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but I think that grass is gonna be there for a long time. 06:44.133 --> 06:46.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I'm, but so that grain harvest phase, 06:46.000 --> 06:48.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I don't quite know how that's going to go, 06:48.000 --> 06:51.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but if it, I used to be in grass seed production 06:51.066 --> 06:53.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and so we usually hope to get, you know, 06:53.266 --> 06:54.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% two good seed production years 06:54.600 --> 06:56.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and after that it gets so sortbound 06:56.100 --> 06:58.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that it just doesn't wanna throw heads. 06:58.333 --> 07:00.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% Then there's different ways of trying to stimulate 07:00.000 --> 07:03.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% that head development, but, so yeah, 07:03.533 --> 07:05.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% so I guess the answer is I really don't know. 07:05.933 --> 07:08.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I'm just trying to, you know, 07:08.400 --> 07:09.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% deduce from what I know. 07:09.233 --> 07:11.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - There's some kind of physical disturbance, 07:11.233 --> 07:12.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% like light tillage, sort of one of those? 07:12.900 --> 07:13.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - That means? Yeah. 07:13.833 --> 07:16.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Rough stand renovation can do that. 07:16.733 --> 07:18.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - I wonder if that diversity 07:18.366 --> 07:21.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and form is an advantage in some sense in the long term. 07:21.833 --> 07:23.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Maybe. Yeah, maybe. - Survival or... 07:23.700 --> 07:24.566 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. 07:24.566 --> 07:27.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - [Tim] John, tell us about your rotations on your farm. 07:27.666 --> 07:28.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% What crops do you grow 07:28.866 --> 07:30.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and what kind of rotations do you have 07:30.833 --> 07:32.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% across your different fields? 07:32.733 --> 07:35.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - So I grow a lot of lentils. 07:35.466 --> 07:37.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Every couple years I do some chickpeas, 07:37.833 --> 07:41.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% barley, spring wheat, durum. 07:41.433 --> 07:43.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I've tried, I'm not much of an oil seed farmer. 07:43.233 --> 07:46.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I've tried flax mustard but never really have a good year. 07:46.833 --> 07:49.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And kind of the rotation then I'll do like an eight 07:49.766 --> 07:52.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% to 12 way cover crop mix in like a fallow year. 07:52.300 --> 07:53.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And usually that I'm doing 07:53.833 --> 07:56.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% about a quarter of the acres in that. 07:56.366 --> 07:58.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% And I really just kind of really keep an eye out 07:58.966 --> 07:59.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% when I'm out working 07:59.866 --> 08:01.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and see like, all right, here's an issue I'm seeing 08:01.600 --> 08:05.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% in the field, like a cover crop would help with this 08:05.033 --> 08:07.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% or this crop might help it kind of control. 08:07.166 --> 08:09.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So it's not a set rotation. 08:09.233 --> 08:10.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Like a lot of people get into a five 08:10.700 --> 08:11.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% or seven year set rotation, 08:11.866 --> 08:14.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% which I think is really a good thing management wise. 08:14.566 --> 08:17.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% But I've been kind of jumping all over while staying 08:17.066 --> 08:20.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% in the same, you know, plant back restrictions with lentils 08:20.300 --> 08:22.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and things and then planting out the next year's crops, 08:22.866 --> 08:24.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% what'll kind of be a good rotation there. 08:24.600 --> 08:26.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So it jumps around a lot, 08:26.266 --> 08:28.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% but it's kind of a management nightmare to kind of pick, 08:28.766 --> 08:32.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% but in some chaos it works out. 08:32.033 --> 08:34.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - [Tim] Yep, so on the screen right now we have a picture 08:34.433 --> 08:35.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% of an earthworm on there. 08:35.833 --> 08:38.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So do you want to tell us about how, well, 08:38.033 --> 08:39.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% what the earthworms doing here 08:39.600 --> 08:41.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and then maybe about how you're thinking about 08:41.700 --> 08:43.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% managing your soil health? 08:43.233 --> 08:45.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Yeah, so this was a cover crop mix. 08:45.533 --> 08:48.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It was like a, it was a really diverse mix 08:48.500 --> 08:50.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and it did really well 08:50.700 --> 08:54.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and, like, I had never seen an earthworm on the farm 08:54.366 --> 08:57.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and I was kind of digging around to see the organic matter 08:57.333 --> 08:59.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that had broke down and I found earthworms 08:59.933 --> 09:00.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% all over the place 09:00.966 --> 09:03.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and it was just really interesting to see. 09:03.200 --> 09:05.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So I kind of thought I was on the right path. 09:05.333 --> 09:08.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% And then that crop, that one we, 09:08.700 --> 09:10.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I think in one year we about raised 09:10.733 --> 09:13.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that organic matter percentage just under 1% 09:13.966 --> 09:16.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and we didn't graze it or anything like we usually do. 09:16.300 --> 09:18.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And we left everything stand 09:18.466 --> 09:19.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and then worked it in with a disc. 09:19.800 --> 09:24.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And this is the mix kinda in the end in the fall 09:24.533 --> 09:25.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% when it was kind of breaking down. 09:25.766 --> 09:27.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And the reason we didn't graze this one 09:27.233 --> 09:29.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% was there was no fences or water available. 09:29.566 --> 09:31.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% So I just kind of thought, well, we'll see what happens. 09:31.433 --> 09:34.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And it really helped with the water holding capacity 09:34.633 --> 09:37.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and just the pores in the soil. 09:37.766 --> 09:39.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So it was really fun to see that happen. 09:39.766 --> 09:41.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And so now I try 09:41.333 --> 09:44.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and graze off a little less maybe than I usually did. 09:44.466 --> 09:47.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% We try and hit about 30% left standing, 09:47.233 --> 09:50.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% but we, you know, sometimes you go a little over that 09:50.266 --> 09:52.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and especially if the cows need feeds, so. 09:52.500 --> 09:55.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - I think I see some warm season crops 09:55.000 --> 09:55.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in that cover crop mix. 09:55.966 --> 09:57.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% When would you, when's the latest 09:57.033 --> 09:58.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% you'd seed something like that? 09:58.200 --> 10:00.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - I've seeded middle of June 10:00.600 --> 10:03.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and even, I think I seeded one of the first years 10:03.933 --> 10:06.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% was the weekend before the 4th of July 10:06.600 --> 10:09.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and we just got a really timely rain and it did really well. 10:09.333 --> 10:14.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% But like the millet and the red clover, 10:14.000 --> 10:15.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and, well, mainly the red clover like that 10:15.666 --> 10:16.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% won't germinate for a while. 10:16.866 --> 10:19.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So a lot of times I think that gets choked out. 10:19.666 --> 10:22.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But I like to have 'em in like first week of June, 10:22.133 --> 10:23.500 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% if not before. 10:23.500 --> 10:24.400 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25% - Yep. 10:24.400 --> 10:27.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - So you're up by Tiber, which is Ty Reservoir. 10:27.666 --> 10:29.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And when I go across the state I ask people 10:29.966 --> 10:32.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% a lot about what cover crops they're using 10:32.000 --> 10:34.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and maybe what forage crops that they have in there. 10:34.200 --> 10:36.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% And you actually see big differences in the cooler highs 10:36.966 --> 10:40.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Southwest Valleys, you don't see very little C 4 grass, 10:40.500 --> 10:42.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and Perry has failed a number of times 10:42.833 --> 10:46.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% at growing C 4 grasses in the cooler areas of Montana. 10:47.200 --> 10:49.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So what do you use? 10:49.066 --> 10:52.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - I really look at, you know, some of my soil tests 10:52.166 --> 10:54.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% and see what my carbon and nitrogen ratios are 10:54.200 --> 10:56.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and what maybe some of the needs are, 10:56.100 --> 10:58.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and then using a smart mix calculator online 10:58.866 --> 11:00.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and kind of building up a mix that'll work. 11:00.733 --> 11:04.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But I really like sorghum stand grass, sunflowers, 11:04.366 --> 11:09.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% red clover, turnip radish, and you know, grazing corn. 11:09.100 --> 11:11.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I've thrown pumpkins in the mix before 11:11.366 --> 11:12.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and try weird things, 11:13.966 --> 11:15.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and it's just, it's really fun to watch 11:15.500 --> 11:17.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% which ones are gonna grow and which ones don't. 11:17.433 --> 11:19.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - [Perry] You're not exactly in a high rainfall area? 11:19.600 --> 11:22.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [John] No, I think, yeah, 11 inches rainier, 11:22.466 --> 11:23.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% it's about as dry... 11:23.300 --> 11:24.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Are you dry land? - Yep. 11:24.700 --> 11:26.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - This is all dry land. - Yeah, all dry land. Yep. 11:26.933 --> 11:29.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% So you really depend on the rain. 11:29.266 --> 11:31.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% The last four years we've been in kind of a drought 11:31.266 --> 11:34.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and the cover crops really didn't even germinate 11:34.400 --> 11:36.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% until the fall when we got a rain at harvest. 11:36.633 --> 11:41.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So it was kind of a wasted, wasted seed there, 11:41.500 --> 11:43.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% but you gotta try for it, I guess. 11:43.666 --> 11:45.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - You mentioned chickpeas is one of your crops. 11:45.433 --> 11:47.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I'd like to hear something about that 11:47.166 --> 11:48.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% before the evening's out 11:48.100 --> 11:50.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% because that's a tough one to do organically, so. 11:50.433 --> 11:52.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Yeah, they're really tricky. 11:52.833 --> 11:55.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I put flax with them that help with the Ascochyta 11:55.766 --> 11:57.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% and then just some heavier seed rates. 11:57.800 --> 11:59.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But I don't think I go quite as heavy 11:59.466 --> 12:01.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% as some of the conventional guys might be doing. 12:01.966 --> 12:05.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I go about 120 pounds an acre and they seem to do all right. 12:05.433 --> 12:07.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% They do a little bit better with that flax 12:07.800 --> 12:09.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% as helping it compete, 12:09.300 --> 12:12.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% but you know, the harvesting is the main issue they get, 12:12.833 --> 12:16.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% you know, they're wet, I've harvested 'em after snow. 12:16.033 --> 12:19.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% So we try and swath them down and go through, 12:19.800 --> 12:22.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% but I'm kind of tempted to use that stripper header 12:22.600 --> 12:23.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% if they're tall enough 12:23.600 --> 12:26.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% 'cause but that's pretty short. 12:26.133 --> 12:28.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - Yeah. Yeah, yeah, interesting. 12:28.433 --> 12:31.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Alright, so we have a question Abi, 12:31.800 --> 12:35.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and this is a follow up about cardboard for moths. 12:35.133 --> 12:37.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So we talked last week in the show a little bit about using 12:37.966 --> 12:39.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% cardboard around our fruit trees 12:39.633 --> 12:42.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% to catch the coddling moths as they go up. 12:42.233 --> 12:44.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And this color was wondering what side of the tree 12:44.933 --> 12:48.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or where on the tree that cardboard should be placed? 12:48.000 --> 12:51.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% - Yeah, so the best spot, so what you're doing with these, 12:51.066 --> 12:52.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% with this cardboard 12:52.300 --> 12:54.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and when you do it, it's about late May, 12:54.800 --> 12:56.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% kind of the end of May, 12:56.666 --> 12:59.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that's when they're traveling up 12:59.066 --> 13:01.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to find a spot to kind of pupate. 13:01.633 --> 13:03.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And so what you're trying to mimic, 13:03.866 --> 13:05.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% because they'll find cracks 13:05.233 --> 13:09.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and crevices inside the trunk of the tree to nest. 13:09.133 --> 13:12.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You want the corrugated part on the inside 13:12.166 --> 13:14.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% and they're gonna kind of find a spot in there 13:14.733 --> 13:16.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in those kind of ridges 13:16.100 --> 13:18.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and they're gonna hunker down on there. 13:18.133 --> 13:20.500 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% And so putting two bands of that, 13:20.500 --> 13:22.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% especially if you have larger trees 13:22.466 --> 13:24.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% that are harder to kind of manage 13:24.933 --> 13:27.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% with insecticide applications, 13:27.033 --> 13:29.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% this can be a weight that you can really reduce 13:29.033 --> 13:30.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% your populations over time. 13:30.766 --> 13:33.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And then you can do another one later in the summer, 13:33.033 --> 13:37.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% another set of cardboard to catch the next set. 13:37.466 --> 13:38.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - So the idea is this is a trap. 13:38.800 --> 13:41.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Yeah, just a trap it off. Yeah, reducing the population. 13:41.800 --> 13:42.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - When would you put it on? When would you take it off? 13:42.733 --> 13:44.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Usually at the end of May 13:44.133 --> 13:46.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and then whenever you kind of see the movement 13:46.833 --> 13:48.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% when it fills up, you can replace that 13:48.800 --> 13:51.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and swap it off again in July or so. 13:51.666 --> 13:53.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Because codling moths become a pest on apples 13:53.833 --> 13:54.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% when the fruit is formed 13:54.866 --> 13:56.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and they're gonna crawl up on there and... 13:56.100 --> 13:56.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Absolutely. 13:56.933 --> 13:58.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - Eat their way in and lay their eggs. 13:58.933 --> 14:03.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - And no one likes to see those kind of, yeah, wormy apples. 14:03.366 --> 14:06.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Okay, thank you Abby. 14:06.566 --> 14:08.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% Hope we get some good apples this year 14:08.033 --> 14:09.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in the Gallatin Valley. 14:09.266 --> 14:13.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So this the whole panel can maybe put their input on. 14:13.566 --> 14:15.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So we have a caller from Shepherd 14:15.400 --> 14:17.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% who is wondering if commercial fertilizer 14:17.933 --> 14:20.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% is better than natural for fertilizer 14:20.066 --> 14:23.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% i.e. cow or sheep manure. 14:23.466 --> 14:26.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And if so, what kind of commercial fertilizer 14:26.666 --> 14:29.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% or type of manure should we be putting on our gardens? 14:32.966 --> 14:35.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% - That's a big question. - That is a big question. 14:35.666 --> 14:37.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Commercial fertilizers generally speaking 14:37.566 --> 14:40.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% are immediately available, 14:40.200 --> 14:43.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and inexpensive and... 14:43.466 --> 14:45.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - They may be more uniform in their nutrient. 14:45.666 --> 14:48.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - They're very uniform. Yeah. 14:48.000 --> 14:49.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You know, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, 14:49.933 --> 14:52.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% all the micronutrients, they've all got a complex story. 14:52.600 --> 14:55.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% We could have an entire semester one class about this. 14:56.233 --> 14:59.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - So when we think about that, so for example, 15:00.433 --> 15:03.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% you know, some manure might have more potassium, 15:03.333 --> 15:06.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% more phosphorus and have less nitrogen in them, 15:06.166 --> 15:07.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% or compost out of our garden 15:07.766 --> 15:09.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% tends to have way more potassium, 15:09.800 --> 15:13.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% way more phosphorous but not have so much nitrogen. 15:13.333 --> 15:16.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% If I wanted to supplement my nitrogen a little bit, 15:16.400 --> 15:18.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% 'cause that's my biggest nutrient limitation, 15:18.633 --> 15:23.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% my home garden, is chicken manure, horse 15:23.266 --> 15:26.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Is there one that provides more nitrogen in these contexts? 15:26.300 --> 15:28.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - I think they're all pretty balanced 15:28.100 --> 15:29.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% nitrogen versus phosphorus ratio. 15:29.866 --> 15:31.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So that's the challenge is, 15:31.166 --> 15:32.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% is getting enough nitrogen on 15:32.533 --> 15:35.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% without overloading the phosphorus with a manure source. 15:35.633 --> 15:39.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So, and I think it's important to have a compost of manure 15:39.866 --> 15:43.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% if you wanna get some timely nutrient release. 15:43.566 --> 15:45.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Otherwise it's gonna do all that bid on, you know, 15:45.466 --> 15:46.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% while it's sitting on your land, so. 15:46.666 --> 15:47.500 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25% - Yep. 15:47.500 --> 15:49.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% And, but then you also have to be very careful 15:49.166 --> 15:50.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% from where your manure comes from. 15:50.866 --> 15:54.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You just can't take any horse manure or cow manure 15:54.166 --> 15:57.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% because they may have eaten forage that was treated 15:57.033 --> 15:59.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% with certain herbicides, which then passes through, 15:59.733 --> 16:01.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% comes out into the manure 16:01.233 --> 16:03.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and causes major herbicide injury in garden. 16:03.300 --> 16:04.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - That's absolutely a concern. 16:04.900 --> 16:06.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I would be extremely hesitant 16:06.533 --> 16:08.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% to use any locally sourced manure 16:08.500 --> 16:10.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% unless you really know where it's coming from 16:10.533 --> 16:12.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and where all the feed for those animals is coming from 16:12.833 --> 16:15.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and you trust that person that they know what they're doing. 16:15.100 --> 16:16.500 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. - And if you're not sure, 16:16.500 --> 16:18.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% you can do a little bioassay too. 16:18.600 --> 16:21.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% You can use some peas or something like that 16:21.100 --> 16:23.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and implant it and see if it shows those symptoms 16:23.366 --> 16:24.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% of herbicide injury. 16:24.233 --> 16:26.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So if you're not sure where it's coming from 16:26.766 --> 16:29.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and you kind of wanna see, that could be a way to... 16:29.200 --> 16:31.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - You know, as far as products you might buy 16:31.233 --> 16:32.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% in a garden center that come in a bag, 16:32.933 --> 16:36.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% if there's any appreciable nutrient content, 16:36.200 --> 16:38.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% they oftentimes will have a number 16:38.700 --> 16:39.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% just like a fertilizer bag. 16:39.866 --> 16:42.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% So I think of the common chicken manure product 16:42.633 --> 16:44.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that's available that's 3, 2, 2. 16:44.933 --> 16:49.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% 3% nitrogen, 2% phosphorus, 2% potassium, you know, 16:49.433 --> 16:52.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and fertilizers come in various blends too. 16:52.533 --> 16:55.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So if you want to get particular about it, 16:55.200 --> 16:56.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% you should do a soil test 16:56.300 --> 16:58.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% and respond with the particular nutrients. 16:58.033 --> 17:02.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And it would be easier to go wrong being haphazard 17:02.066 --> 17:03.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% with chemical fertilizers for sure. 17:03.766 --> 17:05.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% You could apply way too much really easily. 17:05.666 --> 17:08.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Yeah. Burn things right up. 17:08.100 --> 17:11.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - I think generally speaking in moderate doses manure 17:11.333 --> 17:14.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% or composted (indistinct) other than the herbicide issues, 17:14.800 --> 17:16.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% you could add this much or this much 17:16.366 --> 17:18.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and you're not gonna, you might waste a little bit of money, 17:18.700 --> 17:20.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% but you're not gonna hurt anything probably. 17:20.566 --> 17:22.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But nitrogen is often the limiting factor. 17:22.933 --> 17:23.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - [Tim] Yeah. 17:23.933 --> 17:27.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - I've looked at spreading manure from feedlot 17:27.500 --> 17:29.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and then chicken litter. 17:29.133 --> 17:31.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And that's been my hesitation is just 17:31.233 --> 17:34.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% what is that animal eating that's gonna be left behind? 17:34.533 --> 17:37.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So I've been taking my time on it, but... 17:37.266 --> 17:38.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - [Mac] Well, on your scale, 17:38.100 --> 17:39.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% how many truckloads would you need? 17:39.366 --> 17:41.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - And I found some local places, 17:41.700 --> 17:44.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% but the trucking is definitely the, 17:44.333 --> 17:47.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% and how many tons per acre that need to go on is really, 17:47.200 --> 17:49.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% you know, you'd have to pick, right, this field this year 17:49.733 --> 17:52.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and move throughout and it's kind of a... 17:52.466 --> 17:53.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Tim] But John, you were saying you were using 17:53.966 --> 17:55.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% some compost teas. 17:55.200 --> 17:56.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% Describe that. 17:56.200 --> 17:57.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Tell us what a compost tea is 17:57.966 --> 18:00.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and how you kind of go about putting this down. 18:00.033 --> 18:03.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - So the stuff that I'm using is a compost 18:03.466 --> 18:08.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that is sifted that comes from South Dakota Soil Works LLC. 18:08.666 --> 18:11.133 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% And basically instead of spreading 18:11.133 --> 18:13.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% all that large tonnage out over every acre, 18:13.866 --> 18:17.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% we're extracting the biology using a extractor. 18:17.266 --> 18:19.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And basically we're pumping oxygen in 18:19.866 --> 18:22.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% to extract the biology from the compost 18:22.233 --> 18:26.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and then getting a really concentrated extract out of it. 18:26.366 --> 18:29.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And that is going down right in the drill in the furrow. 18:29.666 --> 18:32.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And this picture of that extractor that I have, 18:32.400 --> 18:35.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and it just bubbles for about 20 minutes 18:35.666 --> 18:39.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% and it'll bring water in and out at the same rate. 18:39.766 --> 18:41.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So you just kind of punch in, you know, 18:41.600 --> 18:43.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% how you're gonna do it and then you put the pounds in 18:43.233 --> 18:45.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and then I fill that blue tank in the back and go out 18:45.600 --> 18:49.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and it's a little more shelf stable, I guess, than a tea, 18:49.800 --> 18:51.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% so it gives you a little bit of time to go. 18:51.700 --> 18:54.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% You probably have two days to get it on, 18:54.300 --> 18:56.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% but if it sits in your tank, you have to bubble it 18:56.533 --> 18:58.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% 'cause it still has some silt 18:58.600 --> 19:01.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and it can kind of cause, you know, little tubes to plug. 19:01.733 --> 19:05.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But it's a really efficient way to do it. 19:05.166 --> 19:08.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% This year we're mixing, I'm doing humic 19:08.300 --> 19:10.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and compost together. 19:10.233 --> 19:13.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% A producer up by me, Corey Hawks said it's a little easier 19:13.966 --> 19:15.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% to get it out on the ground, 19:15.133 --> 19:18.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% so he kind of told me the ratio he's using 19:18.033 --> 19:18.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and so we're gonna try 19:18.900 --> 19:21.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and put it down right through the air system on the drill. 19:21.733 --> 19:24.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And so I think that'll be a little less labor intensive 19:24.233 --> 19:26.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and less things to go wrong. 19:27.733 --> 19:29.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Interesting. Thanks. 19:29.166 --> 19:31.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Perry or anyone, humic acid. 19:31.233 --> 19:32.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I hear a lot about humic acid, 19:32.833 --> 19:36.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but I don't really know how it fits into our, 19:36.533 --> 19:39.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% how we understand soil and soil biology. 19:39.800 --> 19:41.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Soil biology is a complicated thing. 19:41.700 --> 19:43.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Soil organic matter is a complicated thing. 19:43.666 --> 19:46.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Humic acid is supposed to be a particular fraction 19:46.766 --> 19:48.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% of soil organic matter. 19:50.700 --> 19:52.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I'm not a soil expert, right? 19:52.266 --> 19:53.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% This is where we need Clain Jones 19:53.400 --> 19:54.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or somebody on the show. 19:54.566 --> 19:56.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Well, Mac, you teach some of this stuff. 19:56.300 --> 19:57.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Mac] A little bit. - Yeah, I know. 19:57.833 --> 19:59.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% It is complicated stuff. 19:59.366 --> 20:01.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Humic acid isn't just one thing. 20:01.100 --> 20:03.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% There's a whole bunch of different ones 20:03.000 --> 20:06.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and they're fairly stable. 20:07.200 --> 20:10.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - And the soil carbon world is actually learning that, 20:10.166 --> 20:13.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% you know, the way you get humic acid is not maybe 20:13.500 --> 20:17.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% as representative as but for its function in the soil. 20:17.600 --> 20:20.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So there's a lot of exploration going on right now 20:20.433 --> 20:23.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% relative to soil, carbon soil, organic matter, soil biology, 20:23.566 --> 20:25.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% various biological additives, so. 20:25.933 --> 20:28.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Probably an important component of, you know, 20:28.033 --> 20:29.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% to use a colloquial term, 20:29.700 --> 20:32.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% kind of the glue that holds the soil structure together. 20:34.233 --> 20:37.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Not actively participating rapidly in nutrient cycling, 20:37.533 --> 20:40.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but, you know, maybe creating structure 20:40.233 --> 20:42.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and habitat for other organisms to do. 20:42.066 --> 20:43.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Helping to build the sponge, right? 20:43.233 --> 20:46.766 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Yep. Exactly. - Great. Thanks. 20:46.766 --> 20:48.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Okay, so we have some call, we have some questions 20:48.900 --> 20:51.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that have come in for you Abi. 20:51.033 --> 20:54.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% We have an Anaconda caller who would like to know 20:54.166 --> 20:57.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% how much water should they put on their lawn, 20:57.266 --> 21:00.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% should it be watered all at once, once a week 21:00.366 --> 21:03.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% or spread out through the week? 21:03.366 --> 21:05.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Awesome. Great question. 21:05.100 --> 21:07.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% So lawns, traditionally, 21:07.200 --> 21:10.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% most of our common cool season grasses for turf grass lawns, 21:10.800 --> 21:13.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% usually around this time of year in the spring 21:13.433 --> 21:16.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and the fall usually require about one to one 21:16.333 --> 21:18.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and a half inches of water per week. 21:18.933 --> 21:21.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And the best way to water your lawn 21:21.133 --> 21:24.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% in terms of kind of the spread is to have 21:24.900 --> 21:26.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% deep but infrequent watering. 21:26.833 --> 21:30.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So you wanna do it maybe twice a week, not more than that. 21:30.500 --> 21:33.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Because when you do that, you're encouraging that moisture 21:33.300 --> 21:34.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% to go down deeper into the soil 21:34.866 --> 21:36.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and that encourages the root system 21:36.533 --> 21:38.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% of the turf grass to go down deeper. 21:38.566 --> 21:41.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% It makes it more resilient to drought and things like that. 21:41.633 --> 21:43.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So in springtime you're aiming for one to one 21:43.633 --> 21:46.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and a half inches and that's including precipitation. 21:46.600 --> 21:48.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% So keep track of the precipitation. 21:48.833 --> 21:51.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And then in those hot summer months, 21:51.200 --> 21:53.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% that's when you might need to up it to about two inches. 21:53.666 --> 21:58.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% But one inch around now, once or twice a week usually. 21:58.066 --> 21:59.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - So I don't know about Anaconda, 21:59.666 --> 22:01.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but I've been reading you in the newspaper, Bozeman, 22:01.900 --> 22:03.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% you know, but our closed basin 22:03.000 --> 22:04.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and our looming water shortage 22:04.800 --> 22:07.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and potential watering restrictions on grass, 22:07.600 --> 22:09.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% how is that going to factor into this? 22:09.933 --> 22:11.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - It can, so that is a good point. 22:11.866 --> 22:14.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% A lot of our turf grasses that we use in lawns, 22:14.966 --> 22:17.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% some of them are more kind of water intensive 22:17.366 --> 22:20.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% than others in Kentucky bluegrass is an example of that. 22:20.200 --> 22:22.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% It needs almost double the amount of water 22:22.433 --> 22:24.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% as some of these other turf grasses 22:24.033 --> 22:27.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and fine fescues, like creeping red fescue 22:27.033 --> 22:30.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and chewing fescues require less than that. 22:30.000 --> 22:32.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% So if people are concerned about that, 22:32.366 --> 22:34.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% I'm thinking like if people wanna transition 22:34.766 --> 22:37.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% their lawn over to something that's going to require 22:37.233 --> 22:39.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% less water, that's an important consideration. 22:39.966 --> 22:42.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Other things to do would be reducing your overall 22:42.733 --> 22:45.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% area of lawn that you have. 22:45.333 --> 22:47.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But that can be a major consideration 22:47.366 --> 22:49.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% because there is, you know, 22:49.233 --> 22:52.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% we are going to be restricted in water in general. 22:52.633 --> 22:56.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% We're not able to keep up with just the population 22:56.633 --> 22:58.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and being able to meet those water needs. 22:58.500 --> 23:01.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So we need to think creatively in terms of landscaping 23:01.833 --> 23:06.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% that doesn't require very much additional irrigation. 23:06.766 --> 23:08.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - I'm gonna fess up to being a terrible steward 23:08.566 --> 23:11.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% of my lawn, but... - Me too. 23:11.133 --> 23:11.966 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88% - Me too. 23:11.966 --> 23:14.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - I don't usually water it. - Yeah, me neither. 23:14.166 --> 23:16.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - And it looks presentable. 23:16.466 --> 23:20.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I mow it, I have fertilized it not three times a year, 23:20.966 --> 23:24.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% but it usually doesn't seem to me in here in Bozeman 23:24.966 --> 23:25.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and cooler climate. 23:25.800 --> 23:27.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And we have fairly heavy soils, you know, 23:27.800 --> 23:29.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% usually well into June, 23:29.533 --> 23:31.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% if not July, before it starts to slow down. 23:31.800 --> 23:33.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And I welcome not mowing. 23:33.966 --> 23:35.166 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% - Exactly. - For a while. 23:35.166 --> 23:37.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - And then it, and and then it turns brown 23:37.733 --> 23:38.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and it doesn't die. - No. 23:38.966 --> 23:43.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% - It's just, you know, and then it comes back in the fall. 23:43.066 --> 23:45.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% It doesn't require water 23:45.233 --> 23:47.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% unless you want it to be green and keep mowing, right? 23:47.700 --> 23:49.900 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. - And then you know, 23:49.900 --> 23:50.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% if you want it to be healthy, 23:50.900 --> 23:51.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% you should probably fertilize it too. 23:51.966 --> 23:53.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And that's a... - Yeah. 23:53.533 --> 23:55.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Taking care of your lawn, it's a lot of work. 23:55.833 --> 23:58.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Keep the lawnmowers busy. - Yeah, absolutely. 23:58.233 --> 24:00.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - John, we have a question that came in 24:01.133 --> 24:03.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and they were wondering about 24:03.566 --> 24:07.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% what do you, do you do regenerative agriculture, 24:07.033 --> 24:09.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% what do you think of regenerative agriculture? 24:09.366 --> 24:12.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And are you involved in these regenerative agriculture 24:12.500 --> 24:14.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% markets that are out there? 24:14.700 --> 24:17.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Yes, so I do, I think, you know, 24:17.400 --> 24:20.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% regenerative agriculture is anything that is making, 24:20.600 --> 24:21.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% focusing on soil health 24:21.733 --> 24:24.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and practices that are building soil health. 24:24.933 --> 24:28.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I do have a regenerative organic certification 24:28.933 --> 24:31.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% that I have had for two years now 24:31.800 --> 24:34.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and the only contract I've had with it is 24:34.200 --> 24:35.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% for Patagonia provisions. 24:35.600 --> 24:37.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% We're doing a pasta line this year, 24:37.933 --> 24:40.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% so I'm gonna be drawing some durum from them. 24:40.066 --> 24:44.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And it's usually a couple percent 24:44.233 --> 24:47.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% on top of an organic price is kind of what their, 24:47.200 --> 24:48.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% the premium should be for that. 24:50.166 --> 24:51.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I have mixed feelings about it, you know, 24:51.800 --> 24:53.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% not being a USDA label 24:53.566 --> 24:57.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and you know, I think that that is, 24:57.133 --> 25:00.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% maybe the customer doesn't trust in that label as much. 25:00.566 --> 25:01.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - Are there particular practices 25:01.900 --> 25:04.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that they require of you to earn that? 25:04.000 --> 25:05.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - Yeah, the one that I have has, 25:05.800 --> 25:08.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% like animal welfare is a big one. 25:08.066 --> 25:09.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Employee wellbeing 25:09.800 --> 25:12.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and then, you know, minimal, minimal tillage. 25:12.700 --> 25:15.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So I usually, I do one pre-pass tillage 25:15.366 --> 25:17.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% with a Kelly Diamond. 25:17.766 --> 25:19.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% They call it a harrow, but it's more of a disc, 25:19.666 --> 25:23.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% but, so I think we have a video of that, 25:23.100 --> 25:26.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% but, so it's just really low disturbance, low tillage 25:26.666 --> 25:28.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and there's, yeah, here's that. 25:28.800 --> 25:31.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% It goes, it's quite an interesting piece of equipment 25:31.833 --> 25:36.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and in dry it'll actually pull weeds out 25:36.133 --> 25:40.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% if it's to try to get the discs into the ground, but... 25:40.466 --> 25:42.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% And really low maintenance machine 25:42.133 --> 25:45.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and really a time effective piece of equipment. 25:45.500 --> 25:47.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% But, so that's one of the lower, 25:47.666 --> 25:51.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% like things you have to do is low tillage and cover cropping 25:51.733 --> 25:54.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and there's quite a few things that they want you 25:54.033 --> 25:55.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to check off, but... 25:55.700 --> 25:56.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So it was kind of fun 25:56.533 --> 25:58.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and it was neat learning all that. 25:58.066 --> 25:59.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But I don't know, 25:59.666 --> 26:03.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I'd like there to be USDA label for something like that 26:03.200 --> 26:05.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% or just, you know, help bring organic, 26:05.333 --> 26:08.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% more focused on these regenerative practices. 26:08.433 --> 26:10.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% - And maybe you and Perry, you guys could speak to that. 26:10.966 --> 26:14.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, or the USDA organic label is defined 26:14.566 --> 26:17.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% by a set of practices inspections that go, 26:17.000 --> 26:20.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% how does that differ from these regenerative certifications 26:20.366 --> 26:22.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that we have out there? 26:22.433 --> 26:25.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - So regenerative still requires a certification 26:25.500 --> 26:27.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% of some sort, so you're still dealing with an inspector, 26:27.700 --> 26:31.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but the flexibility seems quite significant 26:31.066 --> 26:33.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% with regenerative ag compared to organic. 26:33.266 --> 26:36.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% It's not such a rigid set of rules that you operate with 26:36.766 --> 26:39.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% and it does consider your particular context 26:39.200 --> 26:42.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and your farm, you know, particular management challenges 26:42.533 --> 26:44.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% that you have on your particular farm. 26:44.700 --> 26:45.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% Those, you know, here you're allowed 26:45.866 --> 26:48.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% to address those in ways that you might not be allowed 26:48.633 --> 26:49.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to in an organic. 26:49.533 --> 26:51.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% But yours is more complicated 26:51.066 --> 26:52.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% 'cause you're dealing with both, right? 26:52.066 --> 26:54.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% This is over top of the organic certification. 26:54.700 --> 26:55.533 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. 26:55.533 --> 26:57.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% So to even to get considered for this, 26:57.866 --> 27:01.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% you have to have the USDA organic certification 27:01.000 --> 27:03.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% and then that's kind of where it all starts. 27:04.100 --> 27:04.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And it's different, 27:04.933 --> 27:06.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% there's no real time, you know, 27:06.000 --> 27:08.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% you don't have to be doing it for the 36 months 27:08.166 --> 27:10.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% like you would on the organic. 27:10.066 --> 27:12.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So I think they're still kind of learning what they want, 27:12.833 --> 27:15.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% but the reason I chose, there's other certifiers out there 27:15.266 --> 27:17.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% that'll certify convention ground is regenerative too. 27:17.733 --> 27:19.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So it's kind of interesting 27:19.500 --> 27:22.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% to watch all these things kinda shape up 27:22.166 --> 27:22.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and see where they're gonna go. 27:22.966 --> 27:23.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Yeah, it's separate streams 27:23.900 --> 27:26.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and some of the farmers I've talked about 27:26.100 --> 27:27.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% or talked with on the conventional side, 27:27.800 --> 27:30.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% they don't really seem that excited about the premiums 27:30.433 --> 27:33.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% so much as learning more about their system 27:33.600 --> 27:36.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and how to be more self-reliant with their own soil 27:36.400 --> 27:38.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and to reduce costs 27:38.066 --> 27:40.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and be more profitable that way. 27:40.200 --> 27:42.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - And that's the, you know, the interesting thing I think 27:42.466 --> 27:44.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% is that, you know, organic producers 27:44.266 --> 27:47.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and these practices can be used on either, you know, 27:47.533 --> 27:50.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% operation and they save you a lot of money 27:50.033 --> 27:52.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% and you know, once you start learning the benefits 27:52.800 --> 27:54.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% of all these things and what they're actually doing, 27:54.433 --> 27:56.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% it's, you know, they're a lot more beneficial 27:56.666 --> 27:59.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% than just like choking out weeds, you know. 27:59.966 --> 28:02.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - Okay, Mac, I got a question for you. 28:02.333 --> 28:06.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% The caller from Fort Benton is wondering if using ducks 28:06.866 --> 28:10.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% or even a fox, I don't know what, 28:10.666 --> 28:15.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% it can be an alternative to control snails and grasshoppers. 28:16.400 --> 28:19.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - I think ducks would probably eat snails 28:19.900 --> 28:21.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and grasshoppers. 28:21.833 --> 28:24.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% Ducks might also eat your baby cabbage plants. 28:24.966 --> 28:28.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I've heard of people who can, I'm assuming this is a garden. 28:28.400 --> 28:30.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Tim] Yeah, probably. - Yeah. 28:32.200 --> 28:36.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% I'm not aware of folks deploying ducks intentionally 28:36.966 --> 28:38.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% for insect management. 28:39.600 --> 28:41.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - In Asian rice they do. 28:41.533 --> 28:44.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But it's in rice paddies where the ducks can eat 28:44.600 --> 28:45.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% some of the insects 28:45.433 --> 28:48.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% but probably the ducks don't eat as much of your garden. 28:48.433 --> 28:49.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Yeah, chickens, in my experience, 28:49.966 --> 28:51.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% when the chickens have gotten into the garden, 28:51.466 --> 28:55.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% it has not gone well with regards to the vegetables 28:55.233 --> 28:57.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or the tomatoes anyways. 28:57.533 --> 28:59.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Chickens like tomatoes. - Yep. 28:59.533 --> 29:01.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Okay. We have a follow up question. 29:01.033 --> 29:04.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Caller from Brady was wondering if you work manure 29:04.833 --> 29:07.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% into the soil, lay it on the soil 29:07.400 --> 29:08.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% or leave it or on top? 29:08.866 --> 29:12.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% They're concerned that there will be soil loss 29:12.766 --> 29:14.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% if they turn it under. 29:14.233 --> 29:15.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% What should they do? 29:15.066 --> 29:17.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And I'm not, they're calling from Brady, 29:17.600 --> 29:22.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% so they could be dry land wheat, they could be an irrigated, 29:23.000 --> 29:24.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% we don't really have much in there 29:24.433 --> 29:26.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% but John, what do you do with manure 29:26.566 --> 29:28.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or inorganic situations? 29:28.700 --> 29:31.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Do we try to work manure in? Do we... 29:31.166 --> 29:31.966 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% - I would. 29:31.966 --> 29:34.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% If I was planning to do it, I would top dress it 29:34.033 --> 29:37.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and then I would work it in just to help beat up 29:37.533 --> 29:39.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% how everything would break down. 29:39.200 --> 29:42.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% But you could leave it on top and let break down slowly. 29:42.300 --> 29:43.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Just might take a little more time. 29:43.800 --> 29:46.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - I think you'd lose at least half your nitrogen 29:46.466 --> 29:47.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% if you don't work it in. 29:47.566 --> 29:49.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - So if you didn't work it in 29:49.133 --> 29:52.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% basically that nitrogen that's in there becomes, 29:52.600 --> 29:55.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% goes out into the atmosphere, blows away? 29:55.466 --> 29:56.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Is that what... 29:56.300 --> 29:57.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - You're in a pretty windy place too. 29:57.966 --> 30:00.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% The manure itself blow away if it's not... 30:00.000 --> 30:01.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% (all laughing) 30:01.200 --> 30:02.033 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% - It might. 30:02.033 --> 30:04.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% - And mind you, that would be true of urea 30:04.066 --> 30:05.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% as well too, right? 30:05.700 --> 30:06.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Any fertilizer source 30:06.866 --> 30:09.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% where most of the nitrogen is an ammonium form, 30:09.866 --> 30:14.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% especially on our higher pH soils if it's on the surface 30:14.400 --> 30:16.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and doesn't get a lot of water all at once. 30:16.933 --> 30:20.133 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% It's likely to volatilize and blow away 30:20.133 --> 30:22.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and come down on somebody else's farm. 30:23.266 --> 30:25.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Yeah, we even have to watch when we do tillage 30:25.233 --> 30:27.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% with that wind to, 30:27.033 --> 30:28.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% some days you just can't get anything done 30:28.733 --> 30:30.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% 'cause all your topsoil would be gone, so. 30:30.733 --> 30:33.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yeah. Okay. 30:33.600 --> 30:36.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Abi maybe a question from you caller from Amanda Kanda 30:36.533 --> 30:39.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% has a female dog that urinates on the lawn 30:39.233 --> 30:42.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and it probably leaves dead spots 30:42.333 --> 30:46.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% or highly fertilized spots in the lawn at least sometimes. 30:46.600 --> 30:49.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% What can they do to keep the grass alive? 30:49.300 --> 30:51.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - That's a really tough question. 30:51.233 --> 30:53.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I mean, there are few strategies just 30:53.333 --> 30:57.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% because just the high nitrogen content of the urine 30:57.233 --> 30:59.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% can turn those grassy patches into like 30:59.800 --> 31:01.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% the yellowish brown sections. 31:01.700 --> 31:05.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% But a few strategies to reduce that could be to make sure 31:05.100 --> 31:07.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% that your dog, like if you have sections of your landscape 31:07.833 --> 31:10.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to make sure that she's not going 31:10.066 --> 31:12.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% to the same spot over and over again. 31:12.600 --> 31:16.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But other than diluting, so once they urinate, 31:16.000 --> 31:17.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% watering your lawn 31:17.033 --> 31:20.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and diluting that can help kind of reduce how much, 31:21.466 --> 31:23.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% you know, browning occurs of your lawn. 31:23.966 --> 31:27.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But there aren't too many great strategies outside of, 31:27.200 --> 31:29.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% because it's gonna keep happening 31:29.000 --> 31:30.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% as they're gonna keep urinating on the lawn. 31:30.700 --> 31:33.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - And so those dead spots are occurring 31:33.000 --> 31:34.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% because basically there's the ni... 31:34.933 --> 31:36.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - You're burning them. - It's burning it. 31:36.666 --> 31:39.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% If it's burning the roots, it's burning everything 31:39.033 --> 31:40.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% with that high nitrogen. 31:40.466 --> 31:42.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - And diluting it with some water. 31:42.200 --> 31:45.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% Like if you see the spot you can just take a little hose out 31:45.066 --> 31:46.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and just water it down. 31:46.066 --> 31:49.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% It will reduce that potentially 31:49.166 --> 31:50.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and kind of limit the amount. 31:50.966 --> 31:52.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But that's a difficult, 31:52.433 --> 31:55.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% there isn't a nice solution for that. 31:55.100 --> 31:57.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% - So the best, I have dogs, right? 31:57.033 --> 31:59.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And so every spring I've got these brown patches 31:59.500 --> 32:01.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% from the female dogs. 32:01.500 --> 32:02.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% The male, that doesn't seem to be an issue. 32:02.933 --> 32:04.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And I don't know why that is, 32:04.433 --> 32:06.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% maybe it's just a different pattern, 32:06.833 --> 32:09.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but how do I reclaim those patches? 32:09.466 --> 32:10.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% It seems like by the end of the summer 32:10.900 --> 32:12.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% they're green again, 32:12.333 --> 32:14.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but it takes a long time for those patches. 32:14.900 --> 32:17.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% And I mean, so is it really just about watering? 32:17.066 --> 32:18.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - I mean yeah, just diluting that 32:18.866 --> 32:22.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% because as long as that high nitrogen content is there, 32:22.133 --> 32:22.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% it's kind of burnt it 32:22.966 --> 32:25.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% and your grass will slowly recover 32:25.266 --> 32:29.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and just spread into that and fill in those areas. 32:29.300 --> 32:31.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% You can encourage that by overeating. 32:31.266 --> 32:34.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But any kind of grass that is gonna be exposed 32:34.300 --> 32:37.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% to that large concentration of urine is gonna get brown. 32:37.366 --> 32:39.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - That'd be an interesting one to pull a soil core 32:39.333 --> 32:41.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% and have it analyzed and see what's there. 32:41.033 --> 32:43.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% But I imagine it's just high salinity from all, you know, 32:43.633 --> 32:46.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% everything, all the salts, right? 32:46.100 --> 32:48.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - But then I end up with these bright green circles 32:48.366 --> 32:50.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% all over the place by the end of the summer, right? 32:50.166 --> 32:52.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - [Abi] Yeah, they're filling in. 32:52.566 --> 32:54.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Actually if you look at our lawn right now, 32:54.266 --> 32:56.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% you can see we're probably nitrogen limited 32:56.200 --> 32:57.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% because it's really short. 32:57.300 --> 32:59.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But then where the dog is urinated 32:59.266 --> 33:02.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% it's quite a bit taller in spots. 33:03.600 --> 33:05.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Okay, Abi, another caller, 33:05.333 --> 33:07.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% caller had out lilac removed from the lawn. 33:07.833 --> 33:10.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% They're putting in a building in that area 33:10.500 --> 33:12.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and are wondering if the leftover roots 33:12.600 --> 33:16.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% will continue to sucker and become a problem. 33:16.100 --> 33:19.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - I mean it depends on how much of the lilac you removed. 33:19.400 --> 33:20.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% If you remove the good amount 33:20.733 --> 33:23.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and you dug it out, lilac, I haven't seen to be something 33:23.766 --> 33:26.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% that will really prolifically sucker 33:26.266 --> 33:29.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% around if you've removed the majority of it. 33:29.233 --> 33:32.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% If you're putting a building in, like depending on the kind, 33:32.133 --> 33:34.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I mean, I wouldn't worry too much about 33:34.466 --> 33:38.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% that if you've removed the majority of that root system. 33:38.400 --> 33:39.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Yeah, I would think so. 33:39.300 --> 33:40.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Lilacs don't, yeah, they're not as bad. 33:40.733 --> 33:42.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - They're not like aspens 33:42.466 --> 33:44.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and things like that that are just gonna pop up 33:44.333 --> 33:45.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% all over the place. 33:45.166 --> 33:47.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Push the sidewalk up. - Yeah, exactly. Exactly. 33:47.933 --> 33:49.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Don't seem to be stuff. - And if you are interested 33:49.733 --> 33:51.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% in trees, this is a perfect opportunity. 33:51.400 --> 33:54.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% We have our Gardening in Montana spring workshop 33:54.566 --> 33:56.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that's coming up in May 18th. 33:56.466 --> 34:00.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% And so we're gonna have a focus on trees for this workshop. 34:00.700 --> 34:04.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% And so if you are interested in, 34:04.166 --> 34:07.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% we have a variety of cool topics including, 34:07.333 --> 34:10.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% you know, container gardening 34:10.300 --> 34:13.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and trees, tree issues, tree recommendations for Montana, 34:13.700 --> 34:15.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% beekeeping, planting design. 34:15.833 --> 34:18.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So if you are interested, it's on May 18th, 34:18.133 --> 34:20.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% it's gonna be at Museum of the Rockies, 34:20.700 --> 34:22.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% it's $20 that includes lunch 34:22.866 --> 34:24.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and the QR code should be scannable 34:24.900 --> 34:29.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% or you can go to bit.ly/monte- 34:31.366 --> 34:34.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% I think the, yeah, MSU 2024 gardening. 34:34.366 --> 34:37.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% And if you can't get a hold of that, 34:37.133 --> 34:39.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% please send me an email and I'll send you a link. 34:39.133 --> 34:42.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But we have that coming up in a couple of weeks. 34:42.533 --> 34:44.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - Great. Thanks, it'll be great. 34:44.266 --> 34:46.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% I bet everyone will learn a lot. 34:46.533 --> 34:50.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% Okay, we had a follow up question for John and Perry 34:50.000 --> 34:53.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and you guys mentioned stripper headers. 34:53.033 --> 34:55.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Caller wants to know what is the stripper header? 34:55.666 --> 34:57.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Do you use it in regenerative agriculture 34:57.966 --> 35:01.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and what kind of are the advantages of a stripper header? 35:01.266 --> 35:04.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Yeah, I, so a stripper header is kind of a, 35:04.966 --> 35:06.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% it's got all these blades with these fingers 35:06.800 --> 35:08.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% that rip the head of the wheat, 35:08.833 --> 35:11.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% kind of strips it off the stem 35:11.600 --> 35:13.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and it goes into the combine just the head. 35:13.433 --> 35:15.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So you're really only thrashing the head of it. 35:15.900 --> 35:18.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And so you're lot better on your machine. 35:18.766 --> 35:20.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% You're not burning as much fuel 35:20.133 --> 35:23.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and you're leaving like a large amount of the stem there 35:23.300 --> 35:27.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% to catch snow, to shade the ground and just provide cover. 35:27.000 --> 35:30.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And you can, since you're not thrashing the whole stem, 35:30.566 --> 35:32.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% you can go a lot faster. 35:32.466 --> 35:35.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And it's just, they have a lot of benefits 35:35.300 --> 35:36.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% in regenerative agriculture 35:36.566 --> 35:38.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and they're really fun to use 35:38.166 --> 35:40.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and there's not much to 'em, so. 35:40.333 --> 35:41.366 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. 35:41.366 --> 35:43.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Yeah, no, I was actually surprised to hear 35:43.333 --> 35:45.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that you were using 'em in organic agriculture. 35:45.233 --> 35:46.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% 'Cause they're a big deal in no-till systems. 35:46.866 --> 35:49.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I think this is actually gonna be the next big game changer 35:49.900 --> 35:51.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% for no-till systems 35:51.200 --> 35:53.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% because it's changing on the microclimate 35:53.166 --> 35:56.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% of what's going on on the landscape in a very profound way 35:56.500 --> 35:59.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% by reducing evaporation, reducing wind speed, you know, 35:59.433 --> 36:01.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% increasing water use efficiency. 36:01.600 --> 36:04.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So we've been doing a study at the post farm where we just, 36:04.200 --> 36:05.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% we're not quite a stripper header, 36:05.633 --> 36:07.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% but we harvest our wheat pretty tall. 36:07.166 --> 36:09.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% So we got tall versus short stubble. 36:09.533 --> 36:12.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And we have, over the last six years, 36:12.000 --> 36:14.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% we've got 16 comparisons where we can grow, 36:14.266 --> 36:17.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% compare the yields in tall stubble versus short stubble. 36:17.433 --> 36:20.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% The yield has never been higher in short stubble. 36:20.133 --> 36:21.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And five of those 16 cases, 36:21.933 --> 36:23.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% it was higher in the tall stubble, 36:23.866 --> 36:26.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% presumably because of higher water use efficiency. 36:26.833 --> 36:30.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And in those five years that average 13% higher yield. 36:30.300 --> 36:32.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Well if it cost me less they harvest it, right, 36:32.966 --> 36:34.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and I get more yield. 36:34.200 --> 36:37.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I mean this is, this is like, hmm, why wouldn't I do that? 36:37.300 --> 36:40.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - There's a grower up by us, he has a YouTube channel 36:40.300 --> 36:42.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and stuff, Corey Falcon and he did a little video 36:42.433 --> 36:44.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% where the wind was howling like 70 miles an hour 36:44.866 --> 36:46.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and he got down in the stubble 36:46.200 --> 36:47.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and you could hear 'em talking 36:47.333 --> 36:48.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and you couldn't hear the wind. 36:48.366 --> 36:50.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And so it was, yeah, they're really great 36:50.600 --> 36:51.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% for erosion and things like that. 36:51.566 --> 36:54.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Does it make it hard to go back in and plant, right? 36:54.300 --> 36:57.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% You have this really tall stubble that's out there 36:57.133 --> 36:59.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and do you need different, 36:59.500 --> 37:00.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% do you need a different kind of drill? 37:00.766 --> 37:02.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Would would a hoe drill work 37:02.500 --> 37:04.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% or do you need a real disc drill? 37:04.700 --> 37:05.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - That's a good question. Yeah. 37:05.633 --> 37:08.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% The way that I'm doing it right now, I have a disc drill, 37:09.466 --> 37:11.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% but you still get like some things caught up 37:11.733 --> 37:13.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% in the opener there. 37:14.366 --> 37:17.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But really I'm doing that tillage pass with that disc 37:17.133 --> 37:19.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% before, so it's chopping everything pretty good. 37:19.500 --> 37:21.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And then you don't have any problems. 37:21.166 --> 37:23.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So I think if you were gonna be in tillage 37:23.066 --> 37:25.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% or organic, Odrill would be fine, 37:25.433 --> 37:28.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but you might have find yourself dragging some bunches 37:28.533 --> 37:29.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% of stock eventually. 37:29.600 --> 37:33.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But this drill's pretty nice to cut through things. 37:33.133 --> 37:35.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - I think in no-till systems, that is the catch, right? 37:35.833 --> 37:37.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% You probably do need a disc drill. 37:37.633 --> 37:38.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And so that's, you know, 37:38.866 --> 37:39.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% if you don't already have one, 37:39.833 --> 37:42.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that's a pretty major purchase to go along 37:42.000 --> 37:42.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% with the stripper header. 37:42.800 --> 37:44.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So you get all the winds, 37:44.066 --> 37:45.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% but you're gonna have to change 37:45.866 --> 37:47.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% your seating method a little bit. 37:47.100 --> 37:49.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - And those disc drills are a lot of maintenance 37:49.233 --> 37:50.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Can be, can be. - Yeah. 37:50.800 --> 37:52.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Another thing about the stripper header 37:52.233 --> 37:54.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% is they're quite a bit heavier than a regular header. 37:54.666 --> 37:57.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So you kind of, if anybody's thinking about buying one, 37:57.166 --> 37:59.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% they should be aware of the weight 37:59.600 --> 38:00.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that their combine can handle. 38:00.933 --> 38:04.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% So mine's a, I think 26 or 32 foot 38:04.333 --> 38:07.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% and you know, I've known guys that bought the big 36 38:07.666 --> 38:10.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% or 40 footers and it's a lot for their combines, so. 38:12.733 --> 38:15.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Thanks. So we had a great question. 38:15.800 --> 38:20.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% So Abi to you, we have a caller from, 38:20.000 --> 38:21.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% well we have two caller. 38:21.033 --> 38:24.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% First a question from Missoula is wondering if she can use 38:24.300 --> 38:27.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% soil that's been dug up by ground squirrels in her garden. 38:27.833 --> 38:30.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Maybe Mac or Abi, you guys could answer that 38:30.866 --> 38:32.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and then we'll come back 38:32.233 --> 38:35.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and we'll talk to them about the next question. 38:35.133 --> 38:38.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% - I mean if it was a, if it was like a perennial bed 38:38.100 --> 38:40.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or something like that, I wouldn't worry too much. 38:40.200 --> 38:41.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% But if it was a veggie garden, 38:41.400 --> 38:45.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% I might be concerned about potential disease issues. 38:45.000 --> 38:50.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% But I would say I'm not too sure 38:50.366 --> 38:51.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% depending on the context, 38:51.833 --> 38:56.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% if I would use it in any kind of garden 38:56.200 --> 38:58.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% where you're growing food. 38:58.100 --> 39:00.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Yeah, I might just throw it in the compost pile 39:00.666 --> 39:03.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and dig it out a couple years later when it comes out. 39:03.500 --> 39:06.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - It is good to have had gophers, right? 39:06.400 --> 39:08.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% (Mac laughing) - Yeah. 39:08.433 --> 39:11.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Okay, Abi, a follow up. 39:11.933 --> 39:14.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Florence Kohler has wild roses 39:14.033 --> 39:17.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that have taken over their lawn. 39:17.066 --> 39:20.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% They want to know if there is an easier way 39:20.033 --> 39:23.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% to control them or if they have to take the hard way 39:23.600 --> 39:26.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and dig them out themselves. 39:26.800 --> 39:28.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - That's gonna be hard. 39:28.800 --> 39:33.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I mean you can use herbicides, you can use, you know, 39:33.000 --> 39:36.700 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% a broadleaf herbicide potentially 39:36.700 --> 39:38.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% to try and manage it. 39:38.400 --> 39:40.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But for kind of woody plants, it's difficult. 39:40.966 --> 39:42.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% You're gonna need to remove that, 39:42.833 --> 39:46.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% the woody material physically anyways. 39:46.766 --> 39:50.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% So I would say you might need to use a combination 39:50.066 --> 39:53.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% of those two strategies to get a hold of that. 39:53.100 --> 39:54.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Do you have any thoughts on that? 39:54.600 --> 39:56.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Yeah, I mean I think digging 39:56.166 --> 39:58.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% all those wild rows roots out, 39:58.333 --> 40:02.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% that's a battle that's not gonna be easily won 40:02.400 --> 40:04.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or if it's even possible. 40:04.666 --> 40:07.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% If you really want to get rid of 'em, 40:07.533 --> 40:10.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% herbicides probably the only way I'd really know 40:10.366 --> 40:13.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% how to get rid of them fully in that context. 40:13.833 --> 40:15.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And there are some broadleaf herbicides 40:15.533 --> 40:17.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that people use on their lawns 40:17.233 --> 40:20.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% that would probably get the wild roses pretty, pretty well. 40:20.233 --> 40:23.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% - So a few years ago when I was in Big Sandy 40:23.033 --> 40:26.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% that came across somebody who had this mutant type 40:26.500 --> 40:27.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% of wild rose that apparently came out 40:27.933 --> 40:29.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% of the Bear Palm Mountains 40:29.633 --> 40:30.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and it has an orange blossom on it. 40:30.966 --> 40:32.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You know, usually roses are pink or yellow, 40:32.800 --> 40:35.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but this has, it is orange and it's beautiful. 40:35.366 --> 40:37.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And so I have that in my yard 40:37.066 --> 40:40.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and for one week, ah, it's fun to look at 40:40.333 --> 40:41.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% (all laughing) 40:41.466 --> 40:43.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% but it is spreading everywhere. 40:43.000 --> 40:45.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And so I'm constantly mowing, you know, chopping off stem. 40:45.466 --> 40:47.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - So does consistent mowing not keep it? 40:47.600 --> 40:50.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Yeah, it does. It slows it down pretty good, so. 40:50.166 --> 40:51.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - You know, I think so that's another, 40:51.500 --> 40:55.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and you're a weeds person like having a healthy lawn. 40:55.233 --> 40:59.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Is or any crop isn't, you know, job number one 40:59.600 --> 41:01.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% in weed competition. - [Tim] Yep. 41:01.533 --> 41:03.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Mowing and... - [Abi] Yeah. 41:04.466 --> 41:06.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Maybe letting your lawn being in a little higher too, 41:06.633 --> 41:08.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% getting that grass really dense in there. 41:08.566 --> 41:12.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But that, yeah, rose will always, yeah. 41:12.133 --> 41:12.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - When I want get rid of it, 41:12.966 --> 41:14.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I dig it up and I give it to friends. 41:14.433 --> 41:16.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% (all laughing) - I'll take some. 41:17.433 --> 41:19.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - There you go. Yeah. 41:19.200 --> 41:22.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Alright, we have a caller, 41:22.100 --> 41:23.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I don't know if we can answer this, 41:23.433 --> 41:25.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% maybe we will refer him to Stephen Vantassel. 41:25.800 --> 41:28.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Caller from Ronan is wondering how to get rid 41:28.900 --> 41:31.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% of voles in their pasture land. 41:34.233 --> 41:35.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - I think that's a Stephen Vantassel. 41:35.166 --> 41:37.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Stephen Vantassel question. 41:37.266 --> 41:39.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% He's Montana Department of Agriculture, 41:39.666 --> 41:42.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% the vertebrate control specialist. 41:42.133 --> 41:43.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% You can find him on the internet 41:43.400 --> 41:45.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and if you can't find him, reach out to us 41:45.100 --> 41:47.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and we'll get you in contact with him. 41:47.566 --> 41:50.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I was just talking to him last week. 41:50.066 --> 41:52.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% So we had a question that came in that's maybe 41:52.233 --> 41:54.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% a mix of garden and a crop. 41:54.800 --> 41:59.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And that is, can we grow cow peas, black eyed peas, 41:59.933 --> 42:03.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or also sometimes called purple hull peas in Montana? 42:05.166 --> 42:06.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Well we're gonna find out. 42:08.100 --> 42:09.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So Zach Miller actually 42:09.533 --> 42:12.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% over at the Western Ag Research Center over by Missoula 42:13.733 --> 42:16.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% has been playing with various early maturing lines 42:16.533 --> 42:19.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% of cow peas and actually gotten seed yield 42:19.500 --> 42:20.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% of several of them. 42:20.700 --> 42:22.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And so we've got a research project underway. 42:22.633 --> 42:25.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I've actually grown seed now twice at, you know, 42:25.666 --> 42:26.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% here at the post farmers. 42:26.500 --> 42:27.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% It's a pretty cold environment, right? 42:27.800 --> 42:29.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So if I can do it here, 42:29.300 --> 42:31.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% you can do it probably just about anywhere in Montana. 42:31.233 --> 42:34.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I thought we were just being so incredibly innovative 42:34.400 --> 42:36.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% with this, you know, really drought, 42:36.833 --> 42:38.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% hearty, warm season cow pea. 42:38.333 --> 42:40.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% And then I'm looking through the crop statistics 42:40.933 --> 42:43.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% for Montana when they came out in February 42:43.800 --> 42:47.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and somebody in Sheridan County grew a whole quarter section 42:47.133 --> 42:48.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% of cow peas last year. 42:48.300 --> 42:50.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And so I actually, you know how small Montana is, 42:50.966 --> 42:53.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% I was able to actually find out who the grower was 42:53.566 --> 42:56.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and called him up and we had a good visit 42:56.000 --> 42:59.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and now he's growing 400 acres this year. 42:59.133 --> 43:00.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% 'Cause the first time it worked so well 43:00.766 --> 43:02.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and he made, you know, made some good money from it. 43:02.666 --> 43:06.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So yeah, maybe it's more possible than 43:06.500 --> 43:08.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - The the word cow peas, you think you feed 'em to cows, 43:08.400 --> 43:10.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% but that's the same species as a black eyed peas. 43:10.633 --> 43:11.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Yeah, so his was black eyed pea. 43:11.466 --> 43:13.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% So there's so many different bean types, 43:13.466 --> 43:16.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% but specifically the black eyed pea has pretty high value. 43:16.500 --> 43:18.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Pretty high value food product there. 43:18.033 --> 43:20.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Yeah, it is a high value food box. 43:20.100 --> 43:21.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - That's a warm season. 43:21.400 --> 43:23.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Cow peas, black eyed peas 43:23.200 --> 43:25.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and Purple Hut peas are not true beans 43:25.700 --> 43:27.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% to the genus Phaseolus, 43:27.300 --> 43:30.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% which is a bean from Central America. 43:30.300 --> 43:31.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Cow peas, black Eyed Peas, 43:31.800 --> 43:34.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and those are actually an African legume 43:34.166 --> 43:37.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that were originally domesticated in 43:37.166 --> 43:38.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [John] They're not peas either. 43:38.066 --> 43:39.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - And they're not pea's either. 43:39.533 --> 43:41.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And they're not peas either. 43:41.100 --> 43:44.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Yeah, so we don't have great names for them so yeah, 43:44.500 --> 43:46.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But was it, so is the growing time needed, 43:46.900 --> 43:49.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% is it less than say a dry bean in Montana? 43:49.533 --> 43:51.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% You know, we produce some dry beans. 43:51.166 --> 43:52.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Yeah, it's similar to dry beans, right? 43:52.700 --> 43:55.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So very, very high heat requirements. 43:55.266 --> 43:58.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I don't think we even start to get any emergence 43:58.433 --> 44:00.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% until the soil's at least 60 degrees 44:01.766 --> 44:03.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% and then you worry about frost, right? 44:03.533 --> 44:05.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Because it's the growing points above ground. 44:05.866 --> 44:09.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So we've been fortunate, we had a little bit of frost 44:09.800 --> 44:11.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% last spring and it burned them up pretty good. 44:11.733 --> 44:14.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% But you, two or three weeks later they grad, you know, 44:14.400 --> 44:17.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% they grew out of it and we've dodged some fall frosts 44:17.000 --> 44:19.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and so we'll see. 44:19.000 --> 44:21.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% We're gonna keep playing with them. Yeah. 44:21.000 --> 44:23.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - I've grown them in a cover crop mix before. 44:23.366 --> 44:24.366 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Okay. - Yeah. 44:24.366 --> 44:26.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% And I had Joseph from Timeless Seeds 44:26.566 --> 44:27.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% who was originally from Kenya 44:27.733 --> 44:30.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and he was like, is that a cow pea in that cover crop mix? 44:30.233 --> 44:31.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% I'm like, yeah. 44:31.066 --> 44:34.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And he got really excited so that was really fun. 44:34.033 --> 44:35.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Imagine it's something that some breeding work 44:35.833 --> 44:36.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% would help with. 44:36.900 --> 44:40.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I know the dry beans have a weird interaction 44:40.066 --> 44:41.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% between photo period 44:41.033 --> 44:43.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and nighttime temperatures that can control their flowering 44:43.900 --> 44:46.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and you know, the days to flowering 44:46.600 --> 44:48.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that are listed in variety descriptions 44:48.200 --> 44:50.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% or just all over the place in a place 44:50.666 --> 44:51.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% where it gets cold at night. 44:51.833 --> 44:54.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - One of the, just what, not to belabor cow pea here, 44:54.866 --> 44:56.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% but one of the reasons we're interested in them 44:56.566 --> 44:58.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% is they're pretty unique for producing 44:58.933 --> 45:00.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% an extra floral nectar. 45:00.266 --> 45:03.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% So a nectar long before it flowers. 45:03.600 --> 45:06.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - And the extra fluoro nectaries can, 45:06.266 --> 45:10.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% the parasitoid wasp that attacks the wheat stem 45:10.066 --> 45:14.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% softly needs those extra floral nectaries to live 45:14.200 --> 45:16.166 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% or to get more nutrition out of it. 45:16.166 --> 45:18.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So that could be one of the advantages. Yeah. 45:18.833 --> 45:20.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Okay, we have a couple questions. 45:20.700 --> 45:22.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Perry, these are all coming to you. 45:22.600 --> 45:25.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% So first we have a caller from Shelby Huwan, 45:25.933 --> 45:29.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% is wondering how to dig up and transplant wild roses? 45:29.533 --> 45:34.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% The second one comes from Perry from Mar Bora Sydney, 45:34.433 --> 45:36.066 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% Australia. 45:36.066 --> 45:39.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And that one is after your orange rose, 45:39.366 --> 45:41.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% after your orange roses bloom, 45:41.833 --> 45:45.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% what do you do with the rose hips and are they orange too? 45:45.866 --> 45:47.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - That's a great, I'll answer the last one first. 45:47.666 --> 45:50.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It doesn't produce any rose hips and I don't know why. 45:50.500 --> 45:52.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So it just blooms and you know, everything dries up 45:52.733 --> 45:53.700 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% and, yeah. 45:53.700 --> 45:54.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So it's not like a, you know, 45:54.533 --> 45:55.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% our conventional wild rose where you get 45:55.866 --> 45:57.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that nice red berry. 45:57.366 --> 45:58.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Don't get anything like that. 45:58.500 --> 45:59.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So that's a great question. 46:01.700 --> 46:04.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So, well you probably have a better answer 46:04.800 --> 46:06.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% for what time of year to, you know, 46:06.166 --> 46:08.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% usually I try to go later in the fall 46:08.766 --> 46:11.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% when things are cool and yeah. 46:11.000 --> 46:11.900 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yeah, yeah. 46:11.900 --> 46:15.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Fall is one of the best times to transplant anything. 46:15.100 --> 46:17.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So yeah, I would dig it up usually, you know, 46:17.766 --> 46:20.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% probably at the end of September or so 46:20.933 --> 46:24.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and find a new spot to put it, but... 46:24.266 --> 46:25.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - [Perry] Could you do it this time of year? 46:25.400 --> 46:26.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Could you do it right now? - You can, yeah. 46:26.233 --> 46:28.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% You can definitely, if the soil is workable right now, 46:28.466 --> 46:29.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% you definitely can. 46:29.366 --> 46:31.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And also spring and fall are usually 46:31.233 --> 46:35.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% the most popular times to transplant, 46:35.966 --> 46:37.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - So I used to grow tea roses 46:37.233 --> 46:39.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and like they would die all the time. 46:39.766 --> 46:42.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% - This is not the best safe for tea roses, no. 46:42.466 --> 46:45.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - This wild rose is, it's a hardy thing. 46:45.766 --> 46:48.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yeah. Okay. 46:48.466 --> 46:52.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So we had a Bozeman caller who is wondering 46:52.133 --> 46:55.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% if free mulch that the city of Bozeman provides 46:55.433 --> 46:57.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% is safe to use not knowing 46:57.833 --> 47:00.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% if they had any sorts of disease issues or not. 47:00.766 --> 47:04.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And if so, where should they use it? Garden trees, etc? 47:04.266 --> 47:07.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% - Yeah, so if you're getting mulch from any kind of arborist 47:07.566 --> 47:09.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% or tree company or anything like that, 47:09.366 --> 47:11.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% it's usually safe to use. 47:11.500 --> 47:13.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% They have some really good practices in place 47:13.800 --> 47:16.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and there's very few diseases that can be transmitted 47:16.433 --> 47:19.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% through the wood chips that are that small in size. 47:19.033 --> 47:22.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And so, you know, they're usually not going 47:22.600 --> 47:24.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% to be mulching diseased trees 47:24.700 --> 47:26.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and probably distributing that. 47:26.266 --> 47:28.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So if it's just, you know, wood chips like that 47:28.866 --> 47:31.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% it be safe to use and, yeah. 47:32.400 --> 47:33.266 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% Absolutely. 47:33.266 --> 47:34.166 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Okay, great. 47:34.166 --> 47:38.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% So John, quickly someone was asking, 47:38.200 --> 47:41.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% you're a member of the Montana Organic Association 47:41.566 --> 47:46.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and are there gonna be any MOA field days this summer 47:46.100 --> 47:49.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and where should they maybe think about looking for those? 47:49.400 --> 47:50.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yeah, so we should, 47:50.733 --> 47:52.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% we're getting kind of the ball rolling. 47:52.300 --> 47:54.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I think we've got a meeting Tuesday on farm tours, 47:54.866 --> 47:57.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% but we should have a few in the, 47:58.000 --> 48:00.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% like we have a few tentatively planned 48:01.400 --> 48:03.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% maybe Bob Quinn's Institute 48:03.400 --> 48:05.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and I've heard Darryl Licila might have one 48:05.433 --> 48:08.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and we're looking for some other suggestions as well. 48:08.266 --> 48:10.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But those will be throughout the summer. 48:10.000 --> 48:12.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And what we're looking, I think we're gonna try 48:12.566 --> 48:14.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and have six field days, 48:14.766 --> 48:16.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% so you can just check out the website 48:16.233 --> 48:19.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and then the conference will be in early December 48:19.766 --> 48:22.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and that's a really good event to network 48:22.433 --> 48:23.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% and meet people. 48:23.266 --> 48:25.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And you know, if you're interested in organic, 48:25.566 --> 48:27.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% it's a really fun community to come hang out 48:27.700 --> 48:29.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and visit with everybody. 48:29.133 --> 48:31.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - [Perry] And good food. - And good food, yeah. 48:31.166 --> 48:32.000 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% - They do. 48:32.000 --> 48:34.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Montana Organic Association holds the prize 48:34.466 --> 48:36.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% for the best food of most meetings 48:36.100 --> 48:37.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% across the state every year. 48:37.733 --> 48:40.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So Abi, we're talking about tubers here. 48:40.500 --> 48:42.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% We have a few minutes left. 48:42.066 --> 48:43.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% What do you have here in front of us? 48:43.800 --> 48:47.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Yeah, so these are sunchokes 48:47.000 --> 48:50.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or Jerusalem artichokes, they're in the Sunflower family, 48:50.400 --> 48:52.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Helianthus tuberosus. 48:52.400 --> 48:57.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% And Mac and I and Tim were talking about this earlier, 48:57.433 --> 49:00.233 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% but this is a sunflower like plant. 49:00.233 --> 49:02.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So it's a really great pollinator plant. 49:02.133 --> 49:05.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But these tubers are edible, raw and cooked 49:05.933 --> 49:07.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and one of the unique things 49:07.633 --> 49:11.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% is that their main carbohydrate source is inulin, 49:11.400 --> 49:13.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% not starch like potatoes. 49:13.900 --> 49:15.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I haven't tried them raw 49:15.366 --> 49:18.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% but I've had them cooked in like curries and stuff like that 49:18.200 --> 49:19.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and they're pretty good. 49:19.066 --> 49:21.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And Max had experience growing them 49:21.200 --> 49:24.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% on the horticulture farm. 49:24.333 --> 49:27.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But I'm gonna experiment with this this year 49:27.233 --> 49:29.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and see what happens. 49:29.800 --> 49:31.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Mac] So it's a perennial sunflower. 49:31.433 --> 49:32.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Yeah, it's a perennial sunflower. 49:32.266 --> 49:33.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Make great big tall flowers 49:33.566 --> 49:35.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and then they go dormant over the winter 49:35.600 --> 49:37.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and then this time of year you could dig one up 49:37.566 --> 49:38.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and those looks like the roots 49:38.766 --> 49:39.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% are just starting to grow again. 49:39.900 --> 49:42.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But you could take that and clean it... 49:42.366 --> 49:44.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Absolutely. - And cook it and eat it. 49:44.566 --> 49:45.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Yeah, absolutely. 49:45.600 --> 49:46.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - I heard they give you gas. 49:46.800 --> 49:48.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% (Abi laughing) 49:48.433 --> 49:50.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Now what doesn't. (all laughing) 49:50.700 --> 49:51.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - [Tim] That's okay. 49:51.500 --> 49:55.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - But yeah, this is gonna be my experiment for this year. 49:55.300 --> 49:56.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yep. Great. 49:56.600 --> 49:58.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, okay, we have a couple more callers 49:58.633 --> 50:00.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and a few more minutes here. 50:00.000 --> 50:02.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% So Helena caller knows that people 50:02.566 --> 50:05.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% around town have chickens in small areas 50:05.433 --> 50:07.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that are typically fed food scraps. 50:07.633 --> 50:10.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% They would like to know if this will cause problems 50:10.200 --> 50:15.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% with the soil later on by feeding food scraps? 50:15.333 --> 50:17.100 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% I don't... - I don't see... 50:17.100 --> 50:18.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Yeah, I don't think so. 50:18.000 --> 50:21.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I think it's all well digested by the chicken 50:21.333 --> 50:22.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and comes out the other side. 50:22.600 --> 50:23.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - You've didn't feed any food scraps 50:23.866 --> 50:25.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to chickens in my yard for many years. 50:25.500 --> 50:26.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - [Tim] Yep. I've never had any. 50:26.900 --> 50:27.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - We have a pretty good garden there. 50:27.966 --> 50:31.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Yep. John, do you have any livestock on your operation? 50:32.400 --> 50:33.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - We have a few layer hens, 50:33.900 --> 50:35.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% but a lot of the animals 50:35.733 --> 50:37.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that we integrate on the cover crops 50:37.200 --> 50:39.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and the acres are leased to, 50:39.466 --> 50:41.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I have rancher neighbors on each side of me 50:41.466 --> 50:43.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% so kind of just leased to them 50:43.433 --> 50:45.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and then they can kind of deal with all the cattle, 50:45.733 --> 50:47.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and we kinda have a time we like to put 'em in 50:47.933 --> 50:51.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and so it works out pretty well for everybody. 50:51.300 --> 50:53.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% We've had some feed value tests on those 50:53.033 --> 50:54.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% cover crops that came back pretty high. 50:54.733 --> 50:57.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I think they were 159 or something 50:57.066 --> 51:00.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and so they were, they were pretty excited about that 51:00.166 --> 51:02.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and their calves were a little fatter at shipping 51:02.766 --> 51:05.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% than they'd had been on average, so. 51:05.200 --> 51:06.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So it works out really well. 51:06.733 --> 51:07.566 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% - Great. 51:07.566 --> 51:09.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - What kind of arrangement do you have with them? 51:09.600 --> 51:10.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - It we just... 51:10.433 --> 51:12.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% - is it just trading chores back and forth 51:12.633 --> 51:14.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% or is there actually money changing hands Up there? 51:14.333 --> 51:16.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - It's like a regular lease. 51:16.166 --> 51:18.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% You know, I've heard people say you can get quite a bit 51:18.733 --> 51:20.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% more money out of a cover crop lease, 51:20.600 --> 51:22.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% but we also lease pasture to 'em 51:22.733 --> 51:24.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% so we just kinda keep it similar right there 51:24.566 --> 51:27.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% because it benefits my soil and benefits them. 51:27.366 --> 51:29.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% And if everybody can kind of work together 51:29.700 --> 51:31.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and have that, you know, 51:31.500 --> 51:33.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that whole relationship working together, 51:33.233 --> 51:35.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% then it's really helpful for everybody. 51:36.833 --> 51:38.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Great, thanks. 51:38.433 --> 51:40.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So we have a Billings caller. 51:41.733 --> 51:43.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Caller from Billings growing grapes. 51:43.900 --> 51:48.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Her day lilies have spread into her grape growing area. 51:48.066 --> 51:50.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% What should she do? 51:50.133 --> 51:51.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - I mean, I would say dig them up 51:51.800 --> 51:54.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% and put them where you want them to be 51:54.033 --> 51:57.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% for the day lilies, if you wanna keep 'em, yeah. 51:57.900 --> 52:00.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Now is a really good time to divide your, you know, 52:00.433 --> 52:01.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% perennials and things like that. 52:01.833 --> 52:04.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% So now is a good time to dig up your daily lilies, 52:04.166 --> 52:07.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% find a new spot to put them in, that's what I would do. 52:07.400 --> 52:09.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - Maybe plant some Jerusalem artichokes. 52:09.766 --> 52:11.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And some choke in there with the day lilies 52:11.833 --> 52:13.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and see what's more competitive. 52:13.500 --> 52:15.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - Those are tough daily lilies. 52:15.133 --> 52:17.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% 'Cause I don't think you'd ever get day lilies 52:17.100 --> 52:18.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% going on my grapes. 52:18.833 --> 52:23.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Yeah, no, that's probably much warmer in billings. 52:24.966 --> 52:29.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So, oh, we have another follow up question from Australia, 52:29.033 --> 52:31.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% are there any edible herbs 52:31.500 --> 52:33.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that are good pollinator plants? 52:33.600 --> 52:35.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% - Yes, there's a lot of edible herbs 52:35.766 --> 52:37.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that are good pollinator plants. 52:37.433 --> 52:40.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Mint, anything in the mint family is an excellent 52:40.966 --> 52:42.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% pollinator plant. 52:43.233 --> 52:45.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% Basil, you know, things like that. 52:45.200 --> 52:49.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Yeah, lots of herbs are really good pollinator plants. 52:50.133 --> 52:51.166 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Okay, so... 52:51.166 --> 52:53.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Cilantro and dill both is and they flowers are fast. 52:53.100 --> 52:56.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - I can't think that isn't a good pollinator plant 52:56.533 --> 52:57.366 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% to be honest. 52:57.366 --> 52:59.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I'm trying to think of one in, yeah. 52:59.700 --> 53:01.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Yep. Okay, so we have a question. 53:01.300 --> 53:03.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Missoula caller who has a pasture 53:03.566 --> 53:05.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% that's filled with whitetop 53:05.566 --> 53:07.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and they want to know how to control it 53:07.933 --> 53:10.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% using an organic method. 53:12.833 --> 53:15.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - That I don't know if I have an answer for. 53:15.766 --> 53:18.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% That's not a weed that I see very often. 53:18.300 --> 53:20.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Yeah, so whitetop is a perennial weed, 53:20.866 --> 53:22.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% super dense root rhizome. 53:22.866 --> 53:24.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% It'll keep re germinating 53:24.566 --> 53:27.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% out of that underground rhizome over and over. 53:27.266 --> 53:30.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I'm not sure there's a super easy way to control it. 53:30.000 --> 53:32.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Have something, be super competitive, 53:32.133 --> 53:33.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% dig out those stands when you can 53:33.533 --> 53:35.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and try to weaken those rhizomes 53:35.600 --> 53:38.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I think is probably two of the best things 53:38.000 --> 53:39.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that you could do to... 53:39.900 --> 53:42.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% You may have to do brute force precision ag and go around 53:42.966 --> 53:46.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and work those areas with the whitetop. 53:46.066 --> 53:47.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - You say it was in pasture? 53:47.433 --> 53:48.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Yeah, it was in pasture. 53:48.533 --> 53:50.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% - Would mowing help at all or would that spread? 53:50.933 --> 53:52.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - So Tim's done some of that research. 53:52.533 --> 53:53.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Yeah, I think mowing... 53:53.366 --> 53:55.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - But maybe not with whitetop specifically. 53:55.000 --> 53:56.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Yeah, not specifically with whitetop. 53:56.500 --> 53:58.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Mowing I think would be hard 53:58.166 --> 54:00.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% because it just will encourage it to make more 54:00.600 --> 54:03.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and more underground rhizomes over and over 54:03.300 --> 54:05.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and will eventually spread that patch. 54:05.166 --> 54:06.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - [Mac] Is it harmful to livestock? 54:06.266 --> 54:08.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - I think it is toxic to livestock. 54:08.466 --> 54:12.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% It is a little bit of a toxic mustard kind of to livestock. 54:12.133 --> 54:14.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Not super acutely toxic, 54:14.400 --> 54:16.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% but I think it can be quite toxic 54:16.533 --> 54:18.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% if there's long exposure to it. 54:18.333 --> 54:20.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Yeah, I would probably the organic way, 54:20.000 --> 54:21.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% it would probably be steel in the field 54:21.533 --> 54:24.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or shovel under your foot and dig those rhizomes out. 54:24.300 --> 54:26.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Put some soil in there, get some new grass growing 54:26.733 --> 54:27.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% on top of it. 54:27.566 --> 54:30.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But it'll be a long, long thing to put together. 54:30.666 --> 54:32.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - And that's an expensive proposition 54:32.266 --> 54:35.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% and it can be aa tilt, a erosion risk as well. 54:35.966 --> 54:37.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So that's not a easy. 54:37.933 --> 54:39.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - But if it was patch sized, 54:39.866 --> 54:40.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% there's probably things you could do 54:40.800 --> 54:42.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% to mitigate the erosion risk, right? 54:42.800 --> 54:46.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Yep. So we're down last 45 seconds of the show. 54:46.933 --> 54:49.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% We could keep talking about whitetop for hours and hours, 54:49.700 --> 54:52.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% but I wanted to take thank John for coming on tonight 54:52.700 --> 54:55.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and being part of the show 54:55.033 --> 54:58.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and telling us more about the organic systems of Montana 54:58.866 --> 55:00.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and to the rest of the panelists 55:00.266 --> 55:01.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% for joining us tonight. 55:01.666 --> 55:03.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% In the last 30 seconds, 55:03.000 --> 55:04.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% anybody have anything to add 55:04.466 --> 55:06.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% in terms of what to do in our gardening season 55:06.666 --> 55:07.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% as it approaches. 55:09.766 --> 55:11.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Too early to start planting? 55:11.566 --> 55:13.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - No, it's not too early to start planting, 55:13.366 --> 55:17.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% but it's too early to start planting the warm season plants. 55:17.066 --> 55:18.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Arugula and radishes. That's what I've planted. 55:18.933 --> 55:20.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - [Mac] It doesn't matter when you plant your peas, 55:20.400 --> 55:21.766 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% as long as you plant 'em in April. 55:21.766 --> 55:22.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - There you go. 55:22.900 --> 55:24.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Thanks everyone for joining us tonight 55:24.733 --> 55:27.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and we'll see you again next week. 55:27.566 --> 55:28.833 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% Thanks. 55:28.833 --> 55:31.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% (guitar music) 55:33.866 --> 55:34.900 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% - [Narrator 2] For more information 55:34.900 --> 55:36.100 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% and resources, 55:36.100 --> 55:38.466 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% visit Montanapbs.org/AgLive 55:40.533 --> 55:43.133 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% (guitar music) 56:10.800 --> 56:12.866 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - Montana AG Live is made possible 56:12.866 --> 56:16.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% by the Montana Department of Agriculture, 56:18.100 --> 56:19.366 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% MSU Extension, 56:21.866 --> 56:25.466 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% the MSU Ag Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture, 56:27.133 --> 56:29.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee, 56:30.866 --> 56:32.800 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, 56:35.633 --> 56:37.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and the Gallatin Gardeners Club. 56:37.633 --> 56:40.666 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% (guitar music fading) 56:40.666 --> 56:43.166 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% (light music)