WEBVTT 00:01.566 --> 00:12.000 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 00:13.466 --> 00:14.500 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) How do you 00:14.500 --> 00:16.200 align:left position:67.5% line:83% size:22.5% like this weather today? 00:16.200 --> 00:18.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It's pretty nice. 00:18.200 --> 00:20.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I didn't expect it to be this warm. 00:20.300 --> 00:21.733 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) It really is nice 00:21.733 --> 00:23.666 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5% temperature-wise. 00:23.666 --> 00:26.333 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% I'm sorry that we got a little bit of rain, 00:26.333 --> 00:29.000 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% but this is the time of year for the rains 00:29.000 --> 00:30.666 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% that really cause things to change. 00:30.666 --> 00:33.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% That's what we're going to take a look at today, 00:33.433 --> 00:35.166 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% some of those early changes, awakenings. 00:35.166 --> 00:37.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Buddings and things like that. 00:37.100 --> 00:39.733 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah. 00:39.733 --> 00:41.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Hello, I'm Beryl Dakers, 00:41.133 --> 00:43.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and with me is Rudy Mancke, Natural History Curator 00:43.666 --> 00:45.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of the South Carolina Museum Commission. 00:45.500 --> 00:48.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We're at Poinsett State Park, and you're probably wondering 00:48.466 --> 00:51.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% what we're doing in the rain on a day like this, 00:51.100 --> 00:53.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% which is a good question to ask you, Rudy. 00:53.500 --> 00:55.500 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Well, one of the things 00:55.500 --> 00:58.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% we make everyone aware of is that we don't set things up, 00:58.833 --> 01:00.566 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% and it's very obvious today. 01:00.566 --> 01:04.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% If we'd had our way, it would have been a much prettier day, 01:04.000 --> 01:06.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% but maybe because of the show we're doing 01:06.500 --> 01:09.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% this kind of weather is exactly what we should have, 01:09.266 --> 01:13.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% because it's the warm spring rains like the one that has just 01:13.366 --> 01:16.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% passed through here and is still drizzling on us that really 01:16.566 --> 01:20.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% causes plants and animals to begin to crank up again 01:20.500 --> 01:22.266 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% in the spring of the year. 01:22.266 --> 01:28.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% We're sort of late wintertime now in South Carolina. 01:28.166 --> 01:31.466 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Many times you talk of the seasons changing -- 01:31.466 --> 01:35.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% fall, winter, spring, summer, and very distinct seasons. 01:35.466 --> 01:37.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It doesn't really happen 01:37.166 --> 01:38.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that way. 01:38.166 --> 01:39.500 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) It's not really a circle 01:39.500 --> 01:40.500 align:left position:52.5% line:89% size:37.5% of the seasons. 01:40.500 --> 01:43.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% It's more like a pendulum this time of year 01:43.333 --> 01:44.433 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% because it's swinging. 01:44.433 --> 01:46.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% The nights will be cold, and it feels wintry. 01:46.833 --> 01:50.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Then the days will be warm, and it feels like the spring, 01:50.100 --> 01:52.233 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% then back to winter, and back and forth. 01:52.233 --> 01:55.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This is confusing to us, but the plants and animals out here 01:55.233 --> 01:58.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% seem to be pretty well adjusted to what's going on. 01:58.000 --> 01:59.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) How do they understand that? 01:59.666 --> 02:02.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We'll be taking a closer look at that later 02:02.100 --> 02:03.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in the program today. 02:03.500 --> 02:05.500 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) The temperature seems to be 02:05.500 --> 02:07.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% important, but you remember about the leaves falling 02:07.633 --> 02:10.333 align:left position:67.5% line:83% size:22.5% up in the mountains. 02:10.333 --> 02:13.166 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% We said day length has something to do with some 02:13.166 --> 02:16.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% of these changes, and day length, instead of getting 02:16.166 --> 02:18.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% shorter, is getting longer, and these plants especially 02:18.833 --> 02:22.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% seem to be very attuned to that, and I think we are, too. 02:22.333 --> 02:25.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I've felt different feelings now that spring is coming. 02:25.266 --> 02:28.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Perhaps you feel the same kinds of feelings I do, 02:28.000 --> 02:31.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and I think we can see how this warm spring rain is affecting 02:31.500 --> 02:34.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the plants and animals here at Poinsett State Park. 02:34.433 --> 02:35.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Let's see what 02:35.500 --> 02:37.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we can find out today. 02:37.500 --> 02:40.466 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) This is a neat park, 02:40.466 --> 02:42.433 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% and I hope we can prove that. 02:42.433 --> 02:45.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There's some stuff right over here that's kind of interesting. 02:45.166 --> 02:48.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The wall, itself, is sort of unique because it's made 02:48.166 --> 02:49.900 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% out of a rock called coquina. 02:49.900 --> 02:52.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It's one of the sedimentary rocks made out of fragments 02:52.666 --> 02:56.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% of seashells, and the ocean is not here today, but we do know 02:56.466 --> 02:59.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it was once here because of rock like this available. 02:59.466 --> 03:01.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% What kind of fern is growing off of it? 03:01.866 --> 03:03.666 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% Do you see that over there? 03:03.666 --> 03:05.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) I think that's our old friend, 03:05.666 --> 03:06.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the resurrection fern. 03:06.533 --> 03:07.533 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Marvelous. 03:07.533 --> 03:09.666 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% See how green it is now and unrolled? 03:09.666 --> 03:11.466 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% It has resurrected itself. 03:11.466 --> 03:14.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% This wetness has really caused a change to occur. 03:14.000 --> 03:15.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Moss all over the place, too. 03:15.833 --> 03:17.000 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah. 03:17.000 --> 03:20.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Notice how quickly these plants come on, and notice 03:20.000 --> 03:22.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the plants living in that rather rough environment 03:22.766 --> 03:24.100 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% are some real primitive ones: 03:24.100 --> 03:26.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% the lichens, the ferns, and the mosses. 03:26.466 --> 03:29.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% These are all plants that have been around for a long time 03:29.833 --> 03:32.033 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% and are used to some pretty harsh conditions. 03:32.033 --> 03:33.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Are you suggesting 03:33.166 --> 03:36.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% if we had been here, say, a month or so ago, 03:36.100 --> 03:39.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we wouldn't have found that wall as green as it is today? 03:39.333 --> 03:41.333 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) It wouldn't have been 03:41.333 --> 03:43.233 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% quite so green, and the ferns there 03:43.233 --> 03:45.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% would probably have been rolled up in a ball 03:45.833 --> 03:48.000 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% and probably brownish instead of green in color. 03:48.000 --> 03:50.800 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% There's a lot of life that's been right beneath 03:50.800 --> 03:53.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% the surface all winter that's ready to go, 03:53.000 --> 03:56.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% and I think we can see signs of that pretty easily. 03:56.000 --> 03:58.000 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% Matter of fact, look across the road. 03:58.000 --> 04:00.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% I think you can see something has sort of unrolled. 04:00.933 --> 04:03.000 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% See that yellowish material hanging down, 04:03.000 --> 04:04.600 align:left position:65% line:83% size:25% one of the early flowers? 04:04.600 --> 04:06.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Let's get close enough 04:06.000 --> 04:07.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to see what it is. 04:07.333 --> 04:08.400 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah, let's see 04:08.400 --> 04:10.466 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% what that looks like up close. 04:10.466 --> 04:11.466 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% (Beryl) Okay. 04:13.500 --> 04:15.366 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Just be careful of the puddle 04:15.366 --> 04:18.800 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% with the rain dripping on it. 04:18.800 --> 04:22.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% This is one of the neatest plants for a number of reasons, 04:22.000 --> 04:24.266 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% and I like it especially in the spring 04:24.266 --> 04:26.166 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% because it tells me spring is coming. 04:26.166 --> 04:28.166 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% Hold on to that just a minute. 04:28.166 --> 04:31.366 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Let me reach down and break off a little piece. 04:33.366 --> 04:35.066 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% (Rudy) There we go. 04:35.066 --> 04:37.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It's kind of weird. 04:37.266 --> 04:39.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% What is it? 04:39.166 --> 04:40.500 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah. 04:40.500 --> 04:43.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It's one of the shrubs that never really gets to be 04:43.733 --> 04:46.433 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% a large tree, known as an alder. 04:46.433 --> 04:48.300 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% This thing always grows in wet places, 04:48.300 --> 04:50.700 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% and we are down near a creek that has 04:50.700 --> 04:53.100 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% a little extra water added because of the rain. 04:53.100 --> 04:56.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Early in the spring is when this thing flowers, and there 04:56.166 --> 05:00.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% are male flowers and separate female flowers on this tree. 05:00.866 --> 05:04.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% These things that hang down are masses of male flowers 05:04.566 --> 05:06.233 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% which produce yellowish stuff. 05:06.233 --> 05:08.633 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% What do you call that stuff that blows around 05:08.633 --> 05:10.000 align:left position:70% line:83% size:20% and gets in your nose? 05:10.000 --> 05:11.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Pollen. 05:11.000 --> 05:12.133 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Pollen. 05:12.133 --> 05:14.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Tremendous amounts of it, and these little things here 05:14.700 --> 05:18.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that are sort of a burgundy color are the female flowers. 05:18.233 --> 05:19.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) They look like 05:19.300 --> 05:21.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% composite flowers, but they're not, are they? 05:21.033 --> 05:22.233 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) No. 05:22.233 --> 05:24.900 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% This form of flower production is called a catkin. 05:24.900 --> 05:26.500 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% Quite a few trees have them. 05:26.500 --> 05:28.500 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% They always hang down. 05:28.500 --> 05:30.166 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% Usually these are wind pollinated. 05:30.166 --> 05:33.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% The wind just blows the pollen from this catkin up to 05:33.500 --> 05:38.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% this material up here or over to here as it's blowing now. 05:38.133 --> 05:40.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It's trying to blow us as well. 05:40.266 --> 05:42.000 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Pretty stiff breeze, yeah. 05:42.000 --> 05:44.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The interesting thing is that once the pollen fertilizes 05:44.633 --> 05:49.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the eggs in here, these little things develop eventually into 05:49.166 --> 05:55.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% cone-shaped fruiting bodies, and my mother used to take 05:55.666 --> 05:59.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% these, and other women used to take these, and make corsages 05:59.666 --> 06:02.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% out of them because these look like small pinecones, 06:02.566 --> 06:05.333 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% and they fit in well and nicely on a corsage, 06:05.333 --> 06:06.900 align:left position:65% line:83% size:25% especially around Christmastime. 06:06.900 --> 06:09.900 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% When you see the alder catkins unrolling, ah -- 06:09.900 --> 06:11.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) You know that spring is coming. 06:11.900 --> 06:14.033 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) It seems spring is on the way. 06:14.033 --> 06:16.466 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% These have unrolled a little earlier this year 06:16.466 --> 06:20.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% than I had expected, but they're a better judge of the situation 06:20.466 --> 06:22.466 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% than we are sometimes. 06:22.466 --> 06:26.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% One other thing I noticed when I ran down there, do you see 06:26.500 --> 06:29.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the little pile of white stuff, fluffy stuff, on the branch? 06:29.833 --> 06:31.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Yeah. 06:31.100 --> 06:32.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It looks like a dread insect. 06:32.733 --> 06:34.866 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) It is a group of insects that 06:34.866 --> 06:38.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% look like they have spent a good bit of the wintertime there, 06:38.066 --> 06:39.400 align:left position:65% line:83% size:25% which is a little unusual. 06:39.400 --> 06:41.233 align:left position:55% line:83% size:35% They're called woolly aphids. 06:41.233 --> 06:42.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) I think they're common 06:42.566 --> 06:43.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to most gardeners, aren't they? 06:43.900 --> 06:46.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Are they related to the ones that lay on plants? 06:46.566 --> 06:47.733 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Related to 06:47.733 --> 06:49.733 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% the little green aphids that cause problems. 06:49.733 --> 06:51.400 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% They're sap-suckers, and these are sitting 06:51.400 --> 06:54.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% on the alder taking sap, and not only do they use it 06:54.733 --> 06:57.533 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% for food but they also produce a substance -- see 06:57.533 --> 07:00.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that woolly, white stuff that's blowing in the wind 07:00.133 --> 07:02.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% a little bit -- that is protection for them. 07:02.733 --> 07:06.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% They live in masses, and a lot of times when you see them 07:06.200 --> 07:08.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% on alders or beech trees, if you shake the limb, 07:08.866 --> 07:11.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% they will all begin to shake their body together. 07:11.866 --> 07:13.300 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% When they're moving like that, 07:13.300 --> 07:16.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% instead of looking like a whole lot of individuals, 07:16.166 --> 07:19.900 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% it looks like one big something stuck to it. 07:19.900 --> 07:22.233 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% They also produce a substance called honeydew, 07:22.233 --> 07:25.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% which drops out, very sweet, gets on your car windows 07:25.500 --> 07:27.400 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% sometimes, and it's a very sticky substance. 07:27.400 --> 07:28.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Sappy. 07:28.400 --> 07:30.233 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah, but there are 07:30.233 --> 07:33.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a lot of insects that come, ants especially, and milk these 07:33.800 --> 07:37.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% aphids and get that honeydew out and use it for food. 07:37.200 --> 07:38.866 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% Why don't we hurry on. 07:38.866 --> 07:41.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% There's another thing I want to show you, another flower. 07:41.533 --> 07:44.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% See it way in the distance there off of a tree? 07:44.466 --> 07:45.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Let's move where 07:45.566 --> 07:47.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we can get a better view. 07:47.466 --> 07:49.466 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) It is hard to see from here. 07:49.466 --> 07:52.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Let me put the alder down and grab that umbrella. 07:52.133 --> 07:54.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% This is one of the trees this time of year 07:54.800 --> 07:58.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that really brightens up a drive when I go down the highway. 07:58.466 --> 08:02.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% In wet places especially these trees are fairly commonly seen 08:02.300 --> 08:05.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and with flowers this time of the year, and the flowers, 08:05.900 --> 08:11.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I think you can see pretty well there, are a reddish color, 08:11.333 --> 08:14.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the common name for this tree is red maple. 08:14.333 --> 08:18.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% In almost any season of the year there's something red about it. 08:18.200 --> 08:20.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The branches are reddish in the winter. 08:20.266 --> 08:23.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The stem on the leaf is red in the summertime -- 08:23.666 --> 08:25.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the petiole, it's called -- 08:25.000 --> 08:27.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and then in the early spring, the flowers are reddish. 08:27.700 --> 08:30.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We can go ahead and take this umbrella down. 08:30.100 --> 08:32.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I think it's stopped raining for awhile. 08:32.266 --> 08:36.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We better keep it close at hand, though, in case we need it. 08:36.066 --> 08:40.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Most people don't consider those flowers very much. 08:40.633 --> 08:44.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You see trees around your yard flowering often and don't even 08:44.433 --> 08:47.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% realize what those things are hanging off the oak trees, 08:47.566 --> 08:50.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% for instance, and that's one variety of flower. 08:50.000 --> 08:51.566 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) We think of flowers 08:51.566 --> 08:53.700 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% as having big petals, and just big flowers. 08:53.700 --> 08:55.533 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% We don't look for the variety. 08:55.533 --> 08:56.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Nature does come up 08:56.900 --> 08:59.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with a great number of flowers 08:59.300 --> 09:02.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% like the great number of plants that she comes up with. 09:02.533 --> 09:04.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Variety is extremely important. 09:04.300 --> 09:06.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's the spice of life. 09:06.133 --> 09:09.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% In nature it really is important to have that variety, 09:09.066 --> 09:12.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and that's why we worry about it when large numbers of plants 09:12.666 --> 09:16.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% or animals die off very quickly because that cuts down 09:16.000 --> 09:19.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on the amount of variety, and that seems to mess things up 09:19.233 --> 09:21.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% as far as the balance of nature is concerned. 09:21.933 --> 09:24.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Another name for that tree besides red maple 09:24.200 --> 09:25.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is swamp maple, because look. 09:25.866 --> 09:27.600 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) It's definitely in a swamp. 09:27.600 --> 09:29.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) It's usually in a wet place. 09:29.600 --> 09:32.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It does quite well or does best in wet places. 09:32.600 --> 09:35.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Red maple, and it will have fruit on it pretty soon, 09:35.900 --> 09:39.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and this tree comes and has flowers and fruit aboard 09:39.833 --> 09:43.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% before leaves come, kind of an interesting twist to things. 09:43.833 --> 09:45.833 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Rudy, let's check out 09:45.833 --> 09:48.533 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% some of the other varieties here at the park. 09:48.533 --> 09:50.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Let's just head back down. 09:50.866 --> 09:52.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Glad it stopped raining. 09:52.200 --> 09:56.066 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Oh, man, it's nice. 09:56.066 --> 09:59.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Now that we're inside of the park, Poinsett State Park, 09:59.900 --> 10:03.500 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% I think you can really be amazed with the feeling 10:03.500 --> 10:06.333 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% almost of being in the mountains. 10:06.333 --> 10:08.866 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% I get that feeling, especially because of that. 10:08.866 --> 10:10.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) The mountain laurel, sure. 10:10.433 --> 10:11.666 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah, mountain laurel, 10:11.666 --> 10:15.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and mountain laurel is a plant that's found most abundantly 10:15.966 --> 10:19.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in the mountains and on the piedmont of South Carolina, 10:19.200 --> 10:21.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but this plant's also found scattered around 10:21.800 --> 10:25.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the coastal plain, especially in low areas like this that are 10:25.000 --> 10:28.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% moist and that are cooler than the surrounding areas, 10:28.000 --> 10:31.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and probably what that tells us is that back in time when 10:31.333 --> 10:35.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the climate in South Carolina was colder than it is today, 10:35.133 --> 10:37.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% these plants had a much greater range. 10:37.500 --> 10:40.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Now that the climate has warmed up, they're most commonly found 10:40.566 --> 10:44.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% where it's still cooler, but they're also found in low areas 10:44.100 --> 10:47.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that are a little cooler than the high sand hills around us. 10:47.533 --> 10:51.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's got early flowers coming out here and last year's fruit 10:51.700 --> 10:54.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% hanging down on it, and it's one of the evergreens. 10:54.500 --> 10:57.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Now, what is this stuff that's hanging from it, though? 10:57.166 --> 10:59.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And this is an amazing combination of plants here. 10:59.800 --> 11:01.233 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Oh, the Spanish moss. 11:01.233 --> 11:02.633 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% I think it's absolutely beautiful. 11:02.633 --> 11:03.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Spanish moss, 11:03.633 --> 11:06.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and you remember in Congaree we looked at it. 11:06.033 --> 11:07.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We talked about it a little bit. 11:07.900 --> 11:10.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Let me pull off a little and talk for a second 11:10.966 --> 11:13.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% about the fact that this, instead of being a parasite, 11:13.633 --> 11:16.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is a green plant and makes its own food. 11:16.633 --> 11:18.033 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) It's hard to believe 11:18.033 --> 11:19.166 align:left position:70% line:83% size:20% that's a green plant. 11:19.166 --> 11:21.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, and after a good rain 11:21.066 --> 11:24.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% like we've had today, you can see, if you look carefully -- 11:24.400 --> 11:25.566 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) It is green. 11:25.566 --> 11:26.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) -- it's green. 11:26.800 --> 11:29.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The scales will absorb water and allow light to pass through 11:29.966 --> 11:32.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and allow you to see the chlorophyll underneath. 11:32.200 --> 11:34.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It is covered with gray scaly material. 11:34.200 --> 11:37.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It is one of our flowering plants, too, which is -- 11:37.166 --> 11:38.166 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) It flowers? 11:38.166 --> 11:40.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) -- yeah, which is a shocker, 11:40.033 --> 11:42.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and usually you can find the flowers on here. 11:42.666 --> 11:44.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They look like little bromeliad flowers. 11:44.666 --> 11:48.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% As a matter of fact, you see that thing right on the tip? 11:48.233 --> 11:49.900 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Oh, this? 11:49.900 --> 11:52.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) That one right there, yeah. 11:52.100 --> 11:56.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's a developing flower on this plant, 11:56.266 --> 11:59.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and if you know what a bromeliad flower looks like, 11:59.466 --> 12:01.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% this will resemble that flower 12:01.833 --> 12:05.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because it's in the bromeliad family, or the pineapple family. 12:05.600 --> 12:09.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's not a moss at all, and yet that's what we call it. 12:09.333 --> 12:12.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This was used to stuff car seats in the Model-T Fords 12:12.433 --> 12:15.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and during World War II. 12:15.466 --> 12:16.833 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) I don't remember those. 12:16.833 --> 12:18.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) You don't remember those days, 12:18.500 --> 12:20.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% do you? 12:20.066 --> 12:24.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I don't, either, but I was told that you strip off the scales 12:24.066 --> 12:30.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% around it and actually use the inner dark lining of this plant 12:30.000 --> 12:34.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to stuff car seats and other things just as a filler. 12:34.533 --> 12:35.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's kind of interesting. 12:35.766 --> 12:39.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% When you see mountain laurel draped with Spanish moss, 12:39.533 --> 12:42.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% it's an unbelievable kind of experience because there's 12:42.000 --> 12:45.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% not many places you can go in the state and find that 12:45.200 --> 12:49.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% naturally happening, and that makes Poinsett State Park -- 12:49.433 --> 12:50.733 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) A special place. 12:50.733 --> 12:52.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) -- in my mind, 12:52.066 --> 12:53.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% a very special place. 12:53.166 --> 12:56.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Let's see what else we can find down the road. 12:58.066 --> 13:02.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Those were early flowers on that Spanish moss. 13:02.233 --> 13:04.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They really are a little more distinctive 13:04.100 --> 13:05.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% later on in the season. 13:05.500 --> 13:07.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Sometimes you actually find long, little capsules on there. 13:07.966 --> 13:10.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That has the fruit in it, seed in it. 13:10.366 --> 13:12.666 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) We take Spanish moss for granted 13:12.666 --> 13:15.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% here, and you don't realize until you go into another part 13:15.733 --> 13:18.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% of the country that it's something special for us. 13:18.733 --> 13:19.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Well, it is. 13:19.833 --> 13:22.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's only found on the coastal plain in South Carolina. 13:22.500 --> 13:24.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% People have tried to transplant it, 13:24.133 --> 13:26.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but it just simply doesn't do well. 13:26.166 --> 13:30.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's called an epiphyte, which when you break that word down, 13:30.066 --> 13:33.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% epi means upon, and phyte means plant, 13:33.900 --> 13:36.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and it's a plant that actually grows on another plant. 13:36.900 --> 13:38.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Lots of orchids are epiphytes, 13:38.766 --> 13:42.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but Spanish moss is the most common epiphyte that we've got, 13:42.200 --> 13:47.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and you see it all over the trees here, quite a mass of it. 13:47.433 --> 13:49.166 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Just beginning to bud, too. 13:49.166 --> 13:50.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, and it doesn't really 13:50.966 --> 13:53.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% look like a green plant from here. 13:53.000 --> 13:56.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The gray color is what you generally can see. 13:56.966 --> 13:59.266 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Rudy, that actually looks like 13:59.266 --> 14:00.733 align:left position:70% line:83% size:20% a lizard over there. 14:00.733 --> 14:02.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Beryl, you've got good eyes, 14:02.500 --> 14:05.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because that is one of the common lizards around the state. 14:05.500 --> 14:08.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I didn't expect to see him on a day like today. 14:08.433 --> 14:11.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The rain and the sunshine may have brought him out. 14:11.100 --> 14:13.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% He's flattened against the dogwood branch there. 14:13.300 --> 14:15.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This one we call a chameleon all the time 14:15.500 --> 14:18.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because it is capable of changing its color from 14:18.500 --> 14:22.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% this brown color you see here to more of a green color, 14:22.466 --> 14:24.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% sometimes even bright green. 14:24.500 --> 14:26.466 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Then it's part 14:26.466 --> 14:29.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% of a camouflage because now he looks like he has 14:29.466 --> 14:31.466 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% a piece of moss running down his back. 14:31.466 --> 14:33.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) It has a lot to do with 14:33.466 --> 14:37.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the temperature and the emotions of the animal as far as 14:37.066 --> 14:39.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the color is concerned, temperature around him. 14:39.066 --> 14:42.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is one of the reptiles and cannot really control 14:42.366 --> 14:45.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% his body temperature internally like we can, and so 14:45.500 --> 14:47.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in the wintertime these things are not very active, 14:47.900 --> 14:51.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but it's feeling almost like spring today, so he's 14:51.500 --> 14:55.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% come out to get a little bit of sunshine and get cranked up. 14:55.000 --> 14:59.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The better name for this animal really is green anole. 14:59.133 --> 15:02.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% He's not a true chameleon, but he is one of the lizards 15:02.433 --> 15:05.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% known as anoles, and they're usually greenish in color 15:05.100 --> 15:09.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in warm weather, when you see them out. 15:09.000 --> 15:12.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This time of year they're usually greenish in color. 15:12.100 --> 15:14.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Fabulous animal, and when you look at that, 15:14.266 --> 15:18.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% if you can use your imagination a little bit, you can think back 15:18.266 --> 15:21.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% when his relatives, millions of years ago, 15:21.800 --> 15:24.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% were dominant animals on the face of the earth. 15:24.500 --> 15:27.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We still have a number of reptiles that are interesting, 15:27.200 --> 15:29.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but they're not the dominant animal anymore. 15:29.633 --> 15:34.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% What a beautiful animal. 15:36.866 --> 15:39.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We might keep our eyes open for some other reptiles 15:39.533 --> 15:42.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and other animals that are coming out into the warmth. 15:42.300 --> 15:43.400 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Oh, you're trying 15:43.400 --> 15:44.733 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% to press your luck today. 15:44.733 --> 15:46.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Well, I heard some 15:46.066 --> 15:48.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% spring peepers down here, a very small frog, 15:48.266 --> 15:50.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that are peeping, or calling, this time of the year. 15:50.933 --> 15:53.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Early in the spring is when they come out. 15:53.333 --> 15:56.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We hopefully can listen to some of them. 15:56.000 --> 15:57.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Look at that. 15:57.000 --> 15:58.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Isn't that unbelievable? 15:58.900 --> 16:01.033 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) It looks like a fuzzy buddy, 16:01.033 --> 16:02.700 align:left position:65% line:83% size:25% but it's a mushroom, isn't it? 16:02.700 --> 16:04.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) It is one of the mushrooms, 16:04.633 --> 16:08.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and notice that it's growing on a tree that is still alive. 16:08.500 --> 16:12.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% See, that tree is water oak, and it's still alive and kicking. 16:12.100 --> 16:15.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Most of the fungi grow on plants that are dead, 16:15.533 --> 16:18.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but this fungus is doing quite well on a tree that's alive, 16:18.566 --> 16:21.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and it's one of the edible mushrooms. 16:21.500 --> 16:23.866 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Is that what a mushroom is, 16:23.866 --> 16:25.200 align:left position:67.5% line:89% size:22.5% a fungus? 16:25.200 --> 16:26.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, it's a fungus. 16:26.866 --> 16:28.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's one of the edible mushrooms, 16:28.500 --> 16:31.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and if you look carefully down here, you can see these 16:31.533 --> 16:34.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% little tooth-like projections, and these are sometimes 16:34.566 --> 16:38.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% known as the teeth fungi, or another common name, 16:38.633 --> 16:42.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% if you know what a hedgehog is, as a hedgehog fungus. 16:42.166 --> 16:44.200 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) How do we know it's edible, 16:44.200 --> 16:46.166 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% because that's a real question with mushrooms? 16:46.166 --> 16:47.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) You mean how somebody walking 16:47.900 --> 16:50.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in the woods would know whether something was edible or not? 16:50.900 --> 16:52.266 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) A mushroom in particular. 16:52.266 --> 16:53.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah. 16:53.266 --> 16:57.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The easiest way to keep from getting in trouble 16:57.000 --> 17:01.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is to remember that the one thing that tells you a mushroom 17:01.600 --> 17:07.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is edible is if it comes in a tin can or wrapped in plastic 17:07.200 --> 17:09.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on the grocery shelf. 17:09.000 --> 17:11.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It is extremely hard for most people to know mushrooms 17:11.866 --> 17:14.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% well enough to identify them as either being edible or not. 17:14.933 --> 17:17.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This happens to be one of the easy ones, 17:17.833 --> 17:20.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% one of the very, very different mushrooms. 17:20.366 --> 17:22.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It does not look like most mushrooms. 17:22.533 --> 17:25.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It doesn't have a stalk and a little cap on it. 17:25.633 --> 17:28.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's quite different from the mushrooms that you find 17:28.700 --> 17:32.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% most commonly, and this is just the fruiting body. 17:32.400 --> 17:35.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is the way this thing reproduces. 17:35.133 --> 17:38.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The main part of the body of this mushroom 17:38.400 --> 17:40.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is inside this tree. 17:40.600 --> 17:42.033 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Inside the tree? 17:42.033 --> 17:43.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Inside, under the bark. 17:43.433 --> 17:46.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% If you really want to see what mushrooms look like that 17:46.533 --> 17:49.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% aren't on the surface, and most of their action is underground, 17:49.533 --> 17:53.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% peel back some dead wood off of a log or pull back some leaves 17:53.833 --> 17:56.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on the forest floor, and often you'll see lots of little 17:56.833 --> 18:00.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% white or yellowish threads running through the ground. 18:00.300 --> 18:05.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Those are called hyphae, and those are really mushrooms, 18:05.500 --> 18:06.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% not in the reproductive form 18:06.966 --> 18:09.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but just in the growing form on the ground. 18:09.566 --> 18:13.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Very interesting, and I've seen maybe two or three of those 18:13.200 --> 18:16.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in my life, so that's a nice one to spot. 18:16.000 --> 18:17.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Let's keep on down the road. 18:17.733 --> 18:19.500 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) You just destroyed my myth 18:19.500 --> 18:22.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of mushrooms that looked like little umbrella caps. 18:22.266 --> 18:24.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Most that look like that 18:24.066 --> 18:26.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% are called toadstools because the toads are 18:26.866 --> 18:31.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% supposedly going to get under there to get out of the rain. 18:31.500 --> 18:37.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This lake was built, I think, about 50 years ago or so. 18:37.366 --> 18:41.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There was a grist mill right down the way, and now 18:41.233 --> 18:45.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% it's used by the state park people for a swimming lake, 18:45.033 --> 18:49.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% at least part of it, and I think you can also fish here. 18:49.133 --> 18:51.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's really low because in the wintertime often people 18:51.733 --> 18:56.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% will lower lakes to kill off vegetation in the shallow water 18:56.266 --> 19:00.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and also to do repairs on the dam or the diving area 19:00.366 --> 19:02.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% or something like that. 19:02.366 --> 19:04.000 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Occasionally we see a turtle 19:04.000 --> 19:07.066 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% snapping up out of the water. 19:07.066 --> 19:09.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, it was neat back there. 19:09.066 --> 19:12.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You noticed the turtle, a couple of turtles, floating lazily. 19:12.066 --> 19:15.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They're reptiles, and when it's warm in the spring, 19:15.166 --> 19:18.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% they come out and get as much sun as they can. 19:18.200 --> 19:22.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They spend their winters hibernating in the mud and gunk 19:22.500 --> 19:25.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on the bottom of lakes like this. 19:25.000 --> 19:26.900 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Rudy, it's awfully rocky here. 19:26.900 --> 19:28.233 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30% Why is that? 19:28.233 --> 19:30.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Well, remember the coquina 19:30.033 --> 19:31.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that we saw in the back. 19:31.900 --> 19:34.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is coquina that's just weathered out here 19:34.433 --> 19:37.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% or been dumped here at one point in time or another. 19:37.833 --> 19:41.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It might be good just to stop and get a piece of this and 19:41.866 --> 19:44.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% take a look at it, because, remember, we said 19:44.700 --> 19:49.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% coquina was rock that was made up of shell fragments. 19:49.366 --> 19:51.466 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% (Beryl) Uh-huh. 19:51.466 --> 19:53.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Is it a kind of fossilized material? 19:53.700 --> 19:54.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah. 19:54.933 --> 19:56.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The shells really are fossils. 19:56.566 --> 19:59.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They're remains of animals that died in the past. 19:59.266 --> 20:04.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Let me just get one piece here. 20:04.166 --> 20:06.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% Come here and take a look at this, Beryl. 20:06.833 --> 20:09.166 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% Look at all the shell fragments. 20:09.166 --> 20:11.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Oh, you can see them. 20:11.200 --> 20:12.333 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) They're everywhere! 20:12.333 --> 20:16.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Some of them -- look at that little shell, looks as if 20:16.000 --> 20:20.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% it hasn't changed much since it was living in the ocean. 20:20.000 --> 20:23.000 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% This material is very interesting because it can be 20:23.000 --> 20:27.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% worked, and the buildings behind us here, the foundations are 20:27.366 --> 20:30.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% made out of this coquina, and in Florida where it's common, 20:30.366 --> 20:33.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% they build lots of buildings out of it and roads. 20:33.266 --> 20:35.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It looks awfully porous, though. 20:35.033 --> 20:36.366 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) It does weather quickly. 20:36.366 --> 20:38.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% If you cover it, you're in pretty good shape, 20:38.766 --> 20:41.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% but if rain continues to hit on it and hit on it, 20:41.966 --> 20:44.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% it can dissolve away some of this material, 20:44.500 --> 20:46.500 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% but this is fairly solid stuff. 20:46.500 --> 20:47.833 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% [bird chirping] 20:47.833 --> 20:49.266 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Listen to that kingfisher. 20:49.266 --> 20:51.400 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% Did you hear him call behind us? 20:51.400 --> 20:54.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% They're fishing right out here in the shallow pond. 20:54.266 --> 20:56.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% There are other animals that we might see 20:56.800 --> 20:59.400 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% under some of this material. 20:59.400 --> 21:02.333 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% Let's just pick this piece up carefully 21:02.333 --> 21:04.466 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% and see if we can come across something. 21:04.466 --> 21:06.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Rudy, it looks a little 21:06.200 --> 21:08.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% like a dead fly of some sort. 21:08.166 --> 21:10.166 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) You're in the right category. 21:10.166 --> 21:13.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% It is an insect, and I'm afraid it is dead, but at least 21:13.800 --> 21:17.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% we can get some idea of what the animal looked like. 21:17.233 --> 21:20.233 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% Let me get up a little closer to you. 21:20.233 --> 21:22.000 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% Do you know what that is? 21:22.000 --> 21:23.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) No, not really. 21:23.166 --> 21:25.166 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) That's called a dragonfly nymph. 21:25.166 --> 21:30.300 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% It's an immature form of a flying machine 21:30.300 --> 21:33.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that we looked at quite a bit in the spring and summer, 21:33.500 --> 21:36.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and I look forward to seeing again this spring and summer. 21:36.466 --> 21:39.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% One thing that happens when the water is down 21:39.033 --> 21:41.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% is that lots of animals that live in the shallows 21:41.800 --> 21:44.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% lose their lives, because they can't migrate down 21:44.633 --> 21:48.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as the water migrates down, and get left high and dry. 21:48.200 --> 21:49.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Why didn't he stay 21:49.500 --> 21:51.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% moist enough under the rock? 21:51.300 --> 21:52.500 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) One of the problems 21:52.500 --> 21:54.800 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% is this thing breathes with gill-like structures 21:54.800 --> 21:58.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% in the rear end of its abdomen, and you have to have a good 21:58.166 --> 22:00.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% amount of water around that to keep it alive. 22:00.900 --> 22:03.533 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Once they dry up, then your life is gone because 22:03.533 --> 22:06.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% you can't get the oxygen necessary to survive. 22:06.566 --> 22:09.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% It's amazing to think that these animals now live 22:09.633 --> 22:15.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a great deal of their lives in the water using gills, and 22:15.000 --> 22:18.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% then they eventually hatch out of the water, shed their skin, 22:18.900 --> 22:22.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% grow wings and then invade the air, breathing air now -- 22:22.100 --> 22:24.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% not oxygen out of water, but oxygen out of air. 22:24.933 --> 22:26.266 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% Totally different change. 22:26.266 --> 22:28.266 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% If the dragonfly, as he's changing, 22:28.266 --> 22:31.000 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% falls back into the water -- if he gets wings 22:31.000 --> 22:33.700 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% and he falls back into the water, he drowns. 22:33.700 --> 22:35.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) He can't adapt again. 22:35.066 --> 22:36.066 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) No. 22:36.066 --> 22:37.300 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% It's an amazing thing. 22:37.300 --> 22:40.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Metamorphosis is changing forms, is what that word means. 22:40.166 --> 22:42.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% It's unbelievably interesting and very intricate, 22:42.833 --> 22:45.133 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% and the insects are good examples 22:45.133 --> 22:47.200 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% of what metamorphosis can do for you. 22:47.200 --> 22:49.566 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% It allows the immature one to get food 22:49.566 --> 22:53.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% in a totally different area, in this instance, than the adult. 22:53.100 --> 22:54.200 align:left position:70% line:83% size:20% Both are animal eaters. 22:54.200 --> 22:57.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% This is, or used to be, quite a predator. 22:57.366 --> 22:59.500 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% Let's go ahead and leave the remains behind 22:59.500 --> 23:01.233 align:left position:55% line:83% size:35% because nature recycles itself. 23:01.233 --> 23:03.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There will be something that will take advantage of this. 23:03.866 --> 23:06.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% One thing that's important to do whenever you turn over 23:06.600 --> 23:09.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% rocks, or logs, or whatever, looking for things -- 23:09.000 --> 23:10.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Put them back. 23:10.066 --> 23:11.066 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah. 23:11.066 --> 23:12.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% That's somebody's home, and let's leave it 23:12.933 --> 23:15.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% as much like it was when we came as possible. 23:15.733 --> 23:19.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Let's head out and see what we can see on the dam. 23:19.000 --> 23:21.533 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% This has become a beautiful day, hasn't it? 23:21.533 --> 23:23.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It sure has. 23:23.600 --> 23:26.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It goes to show, if you wait long enough, 23:26.266 --> 23:28.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% nature provides you with something very special. 23:28.933 --> 23:30.800 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) This is the season when changes 23:30.800 --> 23:34.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% do occur rather rapidly, and it's a lot of fun to be here. 23:34.300 --> 23:37.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% We saw a little butterfly go by back there, 23:37.133 --> 23:39.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% a spring azure butterfly, which says spring to me. 23:39.700 --> 23:41.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It sure does. 23:41.133 --> 23:43.866 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) And look in the shallow water. 23:43.866 --> 23:46.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Oh, Rudy, we've talked 23:46.133 --> 23:48.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% about them as we walked along the beach, 23:48.466 --> 23:51.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but now you can really see the turtles. 23:51.700 --> 23:52.866 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Fabulous animals. 23:52.866 --> 23:55.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Not much of them from this angle because of the glare, 23:55.966 --> 23:58.500 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% but looks like sticks sticking out of the water. 23:58.500 --> 24:00.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) They seem to be sunning 24:00.233 --> 24:02.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% themselves, or something, sticking their heads up. 24:02.200 --> 24:03.400 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) That's exactly right. 24:03.400 --> 24:07.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They're a real early reptile to get out of the mud. 24:07.466 --> 24:10.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% They spend the winter in this mud and stuff on 24:10.133 --> 24:13.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the bottom of the lake, bob up to the surface to get some sun, 24:13.866 --> 24:17.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and if there were logs, they would be sitting on the logs 24:17.066 --> 24:19.200 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% getting all the way out of the water, 24:19.200 --> 24:21.066 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% but there's not much in this lake. 24:21.066 --> 24:22.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Do they hibernate all winter? 24:22.566 --> 24:23.833 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah. 24:23.833 --> 24:26.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% That's very interesting because they hibernate under water. 24:26.833 --> 24:29.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% It's a very odd relationship, because how do they breathe? 24:29.700 --> 24:30.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% They're air-breathing animals. 24:30.800 --> 24:32.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) Next question. 24:32.066 --> 24:34.566 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) They have a large bladder 24:34.566 --> 24:37.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that can store water and move water in and out, 24:37.800 --> 24:40.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and it acts like a gill for the turtle, 24:40.500 --> 24:44.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% so it uses a gill-like structure to get through the winter, 24:44.300 --> 24:47.833 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% and uses lungs to get through the rest of his life, 24:47.833 --> 24:50.333 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% and the reason he's bobbing up at the surface 24:50.333 --> 24:52.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% is because he's filling his lungs with air. 24:52.500 --> 24:56.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This is a neat time to look, see way at the upper end 24:56.333 --> 25:00.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% of the lake, and you can see a little delta formation. 25:00.666 --> 25:04.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% See, the creek that's coming in, filling this lake with water, 25:04.433 --> 25:07.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% is also carrying silt, organic debris, and eventually 25:07.866 --> 25:12.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% this lake won't be here unless we keep cleaning it out, 25:12.166 --> 25:14.633 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% because nature is always changing things. 25:14.633 --> 25:16.833 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% It comes in here, fills the lake, 25:16.833 --> 25:20.033 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% and then we have land here instead of lake. 25:20.033 --> 25:21.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) It's moving it on out. 25:21.733 --> 25:23.066 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) Yeah, it's interesting. 25:23.066 --> 25:24.666 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Change is significant in the spring. 25:24.666 --> 25:28.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This is a great time of the year to be aware of that. 25:28.233 --> 25:30.133 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% That kingfisher is still calling out there. 25:30.133 --> 25:31.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Beryl) And you are resisting 25:31.633 --> 25:33.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the urge to call back. 25:33.233 --> 25:34.533 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% (Rudy) I can't rattle like 25:34.533 --> 25:38.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% a respectable kingfisher, so I better not do that. 25:38.000 --> 25:41.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Let me walk behind you a minute and take a look at something. 25:41.600 --> 25:43.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Remember, we've called this show "Awakenings." 25:43.600 --> 25:47.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Buds are about to burst on lots of plants that aren't out yet, 25:47.100 --> 25:48.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and sassafras is one. 25:48.766 --> 25:51.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the size of those buds, really large. 25:51.466 --> 25:56.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Sort of have greenish-yellow bark covering on the branches, 25:56.700 --> 26:00.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and a tree that man has used for years and years and years 26:00.766 --> 26:03.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to make sassafras tea from, that many people believe 26:03.166 --> 26:05.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to be sort of a cure-all sort of remedy. 26:05.900 --> 26:07.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's real good tea. 26:07.233 --> 26:08.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I've had it. 26:08.400 --> 26:11.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I don't know whether it does anything good for me, 26:11.133 --> 26:12.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but it is nice and spicy. 26:12.766 --> 26:15.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is the time of year when many things are out. 26:15.766 --> 26:19.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We've seen red maple, which has already flowered, 26:19.433 --> 26:23.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and, remember, we said would have fruit even before leaves. 26:23.266 --> 26:26.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This one is another one that gets flowers before leaves, 26:26.566 --> 26:29.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and they're yellowish in color, kind of a nice, bright yellow. 26:29.666 --> 26:30.733 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) They're nice, 26:30.733 --> 26:33.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% but since it's so early, don't we run the risk 26:33.566 --> 26:36.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% of maybe losing some of these buds and flowers? 26:36.233 --> 26:38.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Sure, and the bud scales that 26:38.233 --> 26:41.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% overlap on this, protect it from cold to some degree, 26:41.233 --> 26:45.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but once it swells a great deal, then if it opens, 26:45.100 --> 26:49.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% yes, it's running a risk, but nature is used to running risks. 26:49.766 --> 26:52.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Lots of things don't make it and have become extinct 26:52.933 --> 26:55.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because they're not good at the odds, but the animals 26:55.766 --> 26:58.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and plants that are used to running the risks can solve 26:58.800 --> 27:01.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% problems like this, survive, and sassafras seems to be one. 27:01.866 --> 27:05.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We found fossils way back in time of this tree 27:05.333 --> 27:06.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% in South Carolina. 27:06.500 --> 27:08.400 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) Gosh, we've seen butterflies 27:08.400 --> 27:10.100 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% and turtles, all sorts of things. 27:10.100 --> 27:11.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Great day. 27:11.200 --> 27:12.866 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) It makes you wish 27:12.866 --> 27:14.533 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% spring would be in full blossom. 27:14.533 --> 27:16.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) I hope that next time 27:16.200 --> 27:18.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we see these people, it will be in full blossom. 27:18.866 --> 27:20.200 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% (Beryl) I hope so, too. 27:20.200 --> 27:22.400 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% In the meantime, get out in your backyards 27:22.400 --> 27:25.566 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% and the parks and look for the signs of spring. 27:25.566 --> 27:26.766 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5% They're everywhere. 27:26.766 --> 27:28.100 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% Rudy, let's keep looking. 27:28.100 --> 27:29.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Okay. 27:31.566 --> 27:36.566 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% Program captioned by:   CompuScripts Captioning, Inc. 803.988.8438 27:36.566 --> 28:46.566 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪