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JOIN US AS WE VISIT THE HOME

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OF SOME OF THE LARGEST TREES 
IN THE WORLD.

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LOCATED IN THE SOUTHERN SIERRAS 
OF CALIFORNIA

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SEQUOIA NATIONAL FOREST PROVIDES 
A VARIETY OF HABITATS...

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NEXT ON  NATURE SCENE.

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A PRODUCTION OF:

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NATURE SCENE  IS MADE 
POSSIBLE IN PART

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BY A GRANT FROM SANTEE COOPER

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WHERE PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT 
OF OUR ENVIRONMENT

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ARE EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE 
TO PROVIDING ELECTRIC ENERGY.

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ADDITIONAL FUNDING IS PROVIDED

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BY THE CORPORATION 
FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING

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AND BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU

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MEMBERS OF THE ETV ENDOWMENT 
OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

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♪

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HELLO, AND WELCOME 
TO  NATURE SCENE

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AT THE SOUTHERN END 
OF ONE OF AMERICA'S 
GREATEST MOUNTAIN RANGES

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THE 400-MILE-LONG 
SIERRA NEVADA.

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I'M JIM WELCH WITH 
NATURALIST RUDY MANCKE

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AND WE'RE AT SEQUOIA 
NATIONAL FOREST

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NOT FAR FROM 
KERNVILLE, 
CALIFORNIA.

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RUDY, THERE'S OVER A MILLION 
ACRES OF EXCITING THINGS

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AND IT'S HOME TO THE WORLD'S 
LARGEST  LIVING  THING.

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YEAH, AND I THINK 
IT'LL BE INTERESTING, TOO

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TO SEE THE WAY THE WORLD CHANGES

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STARTING OUT HIGH 
AND WORKING OUR WAY DOWN

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AND SEEING A GREAT VARIETY 
OF HABITATS, TOO...

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AND WE'RE HERE 
AS SNOW IS STILL ON THE GROUND.

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AT THIS ELEVATION

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YOU CAN SEE THE SNOW AND ICE, 
REALLY, ALL AROUND US

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AND WE'RE BASICALLY 
IN A CONIFEROUS FOREST.

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GEOLOGY IS EXCITING, THOUGH, 
HERE, TOO--

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TALKING ABOUT 
SOME OF THE GRANITE

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THAT I THINK WE CAN LOOK AT, UH, 
ALL AROUND US

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BUT MAYBE A FEW TREES FIRST, 
JUST TO GET US IN LINE--

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SOME TALL ONES, TOO.

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BIGGEST ONE HERE, 
AT LEAST CLOSE

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IS, UH, INCENSE CEDAR.

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LOOK AT THE COLOR 
ON THE BARK--

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REDDISH... CINNAMON RED, AND 
SOME FOLKS MIGHT MISTAKE IT

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FOR, OF COURSE, 
THE SEQUOIAS

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WHICH ARE MUCH, 
MUCH LARGER.

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LOOK AT THE FLAT NEEDLES 
ON THAT.

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REALLY ONE 
OF THE LARGER CONIFERS HERE.

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AGAIN LI... 
LOVES A LITTLE EXTRA MOISTURE.

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THIS LEVEL IS PERFECT 
FOR IT.

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THAT'S AN EASY ONE 
TO IDENTIFY, ALSO.

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SEE, LOOK AT THE PONDEROSA PINE 
OVER HERE.

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"YELLOW BELLY" 
SOME WOULD CALL IT.

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(  chuckling  ): 
YEAH. 
YEAH.

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THAT'S ANOTHER CONIFER

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THAT REALLY DOMINATES 
AT THIS LEVEL

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AND, AGAIN, BOTH OF THEM 
SHOOTING UP TOWARD THE SKY...

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LEAVES ON THROUGHOUT THE, UH, 
THROUGHOUT THE WINTER.

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LOOK IN THE TOP HERE.

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JUST CAME IN. 
LOOK AT THE...

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LOOK AT THE TOP 
RIGHT THERE.

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WOODPECKER WORKING.

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WHITE HEAD...

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WHITE-HEADED WOODPECKER--

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THAT'S A GOOD COMMON NAME 
FOR THAT, ISN'T IT?--

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WAY UP IN THE TREE, 
LOOKING FOR A MEAL.

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WOODPECKERS ARE LOOKING 
MAINLY FOR INSECTS USUALLY.

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LOOK AT HIM MOVING AROUND.

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ALMOST A CLOWN-LIKE 
MASK ON HIS FACE.

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OH, YEAH...

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AND THAT SPECIES NOW 
IS TYPICAL

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OF SITUATIONS, 
UH, LIKE THIS.

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OH, THAT'S NICE.

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AND THEN 
COMING DOWN

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YOU CAN HEAR AND SEE 
THAT WATER.

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AGAIN, ICE IS WATER, 
JUST IN SOLID FORM.

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THE LIQUID WATER IS ALSO 
REARRANGING THE WORLD UP HERE

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ALONG WITH THAT ICE.

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AND THE TREES 
ALONG THE SIDE...

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ALDERS?

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YEAH, ALDERS 
WITH THE FLOWERS--

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SEE, THE CATKINS 
THEY'RE CALLED-- UNROLL.

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THOSE ARE THE MALE FLOWERS, 
PRODUCING SOME POLLEN.

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I CAN SEE 
SOME OF LAST YEAR'S

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LITTLE CONE-LIKE STRUCTURES 
ON THEM.

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BUT, NOW, 
THOSE TREES ARE TYPICAL

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OF LOW, WET AREAS LIKE THIS 
COMING IN PRETTY QUICKLY.

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AND THEN A FEW OAKS 
AND OTHER THINGS

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AND I SEE ON THE FOREST FLOOR... 
LOOK AT THAT THING.

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IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE 
A FERN.

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OH, THE SMALL... 
YEAH, WHAT IS THAT?

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MOUNTAIN MISERY IS 
ONE OF THE COMMON NAMES FOR IT.

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IT'S GOT A LOT 
OF RESINS IN IT

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AND, REALLY, 
IT CATCHES FIRE PRETTY QUICKLY

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BUT WHEN YOU WALK 
THROUGH IT

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IT GETS STICKY STUFF 
ALL OVER YOU

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SO, THE COMMON NAME, 
MOUNTAIN MISERY

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BUT THAT'S ONE 
THAT'S TYPICAL

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OF-OF, UH, 
THIS AREA ON THE GROUND.

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CLOSE BY, RUDY, 
THERE'S-THERE'S SAND

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OR-OR EARTH PILED UP, 
ALMOST IN LITTLE MOUNDS.

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ISN'T THAT ODD?

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YEAH. 
NOW, LOOK AT THAT.

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THAT IS POCKET GOPHER SIGN.

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WH-WHEN THE SNOW WAS THICKER 
RIGHT THERE

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THE POCKET GOPHER 
WAS NOT BURROWING IN THE EARTH.

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HE WAS BURROWING 
IN THE SNOW

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AND THEN 
AS THE SNOW BEGAN TO MELT

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HE STARTED BURROWING 
IN THE EARTH AGAIN

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AND HE FILLED 
THOSE SNOW BURROWS

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WITH THE S... THE DIRT 
THAT HE WAS DIGGING OUT

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AND, NOW, 
THE SNOW'S GONE

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AND YOU SEE THOSE "CORES" 
THEY'RE CALLED.

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(  laughing  ): 
NEAT SIGN 
OF THAT ANIMAL.

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THE END OF FEBRUARY, 
AT THIS ALTITUDE, 
ABOUT 7,000 FEET,

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THERE COULD 
BE MORE SNOW

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BUT THIS IS AS 
HIGH AS WE CAN GO.

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YEAH, YEAH, 
THIS-THIS KIND OF BLOCKS US.

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I LOVE THE VIEWS, 
THOUGH

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OF THE ROCKS HERE.

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THAT'S ANOTHER PART 
OF THE STORY.

118
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LOOK AT THAT OUTCROP THERE 
OF GRANITE ROCK...

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REALLY A PART 
OF A LARGE MASS OF GRANITE

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USUALLY REFERRED TO 
AS A BATHOLITH--

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THAT MEANS "DEEP ROCK"--

122
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BECAUSE IT FORMS UNDERGROUND 
A GOOD DISTANCE

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DEEP WITHIN TH-THE CRUST 
OF THE EARTH, COOLS THERE

124
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AND THEN NOW 
THIS STUFF HAS BEEN UPLIFTED

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STARTING ABOUT 
TEN MILLION YEARS AGO

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SHOVED UP AND EXPOSED.

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LOOK AT THE WAY IT WEATHERS, 
SEE?

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"EXFOLIATION" 
THAT'S CALLED.

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IT PEELS OFF, 
KIND OF LIKE THE, UH

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THE LAYERS IN AN ONION

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WITH THAT NICE GRANITE ROCK 
STICKING OUT.

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THAT'S NEAT.

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LOOK RIGHT DOWN HERE.

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A MOURNING CLOAK 
BUTTERFLY, RIGHT?

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SIGN OF WARMER WEATHER--

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MOURNING CLOAK 
OUT ON THAT INCENSE CEDAR...

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HIBERNATES 
AS AN ADULT, SEE...

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COMES RIGHT OUT 
WHEN IT GETS WARM.

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LET'S GET STARTED.

140
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THESE MOUNTAINS ARE 
MADE OF GRANITE

141
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AND PEOPLE COME JUST 
TO STUDY THE GEOLOGY

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BECAUSE IT IS SUCH 
A FASCINATING STORY.

143
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YEAH, AND TO THINK

144
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THAT THIS WAS ONCE, 
YOU KNOW, LIQUID

145
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DEEP, DEEP WITHIN THE SURFACE 
OF THE EARTH

146
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SOLIDIFIED THERE, 
AND THEN WAS UPLIFTED

147
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AND, OF COURSE, NOW, 
THE MATERIAL THAT WAS ABOVE IT

148
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HAS BEEN ERODED AWAY

149
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AND EVEN THE GRANITE 
IS BEGINNING TO BREAK DOWN.

150
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HEY, IT GIVES YOU 
SOME GREAT VIEWS, DOESN'T IT?

151
00:06:28,966 --> 00:06:32,466
THE SIERRA NEVADA-- 
THE "SNOWY RANGE" IS 
WHAT IT STANDS FOR--

152
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THAT'S PROBABLY HALF THE 
HEIGHT OF THE TALLER PEAKS.

153
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THEY GO UP ABOVE 
14,000 IN SOME PLACES.

154
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THAT'S BEAUTIFUL, 
WITH THE SNOW ON IT

155
00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:40,733
AND THE-THE CONIFERS

156
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THAT WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT 
OVER THERE.

157
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NICE DISTANCE SHOT, 
BUT THEN AGAIN

158
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HERE, RIGHT IN FRONT OF US, 
YOU CAN SEE THE WAY

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THAT GRANITE'S 
WEATHERING AWAY...

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BREAKING DOWN, 
SLOWLY BUT SURELY

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WITH CRACKS IN IT 
AND FISSURES.

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ICE, I SUPPOSE, HELPS 
MAKE THOSE CRACKS.

163
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YEAH, AND EVEN THE PLANTS 
COMING IN WILL-WILL PHYSICALLY

164
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BY THEIR ROOT STRUCTURE 
GOING IN, BREAK THE ROCK AWAY

165
00:07:01,100 --> 00:07:03,566
AND-AND EVENTUALLY IT WEATHERS 
INTO SANDY SOIL.

166
00:07:03,566 --> 00:07:06,233
I SEE A FEW DIGGER PINES 
COMING IN DOWN THERE, TOO.

167
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WE'LL TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT THEM 
IN-IN JUST A WHILE.

168
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CONIFERS ALL AROUND US

169
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BUT WHAT ARE THESE, UH, 
SMALL, UH, REED-LIKE 
PLANTS IN FRONT OF US?

170
00:07:13,766 --> 00:07:15,633
YEAH, WELL, NOW, 
ISN'T THIS INTERESTING?

171
00:07:15,633 --> 00:07:18,033
HERE'S A BRAND-NEW HABITAT 
BY THIS FLOWING WATER--

172
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CATTAILS, 
NARROW-LEAFED CATTAIL.

173
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CAME INTO 
A LITTLE LOWER AREA.

174
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I GUESS 
IT WAS WEAKER ROCK HERE

175
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SO IT-IT CRACKED QUICKER 
THAN THE REST.

176
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LITTLE BIT OF SOIL BUILDS UP 
AND THE PLANT DOES FINE.

177
00:07:30,666 --> 00:07:32,800
WHENEVER YOU LOOK 
AT WATER LIKE THIS

178
00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:34,633
YOU'RE REMINDED 
OF THE GLACIERS

179
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THE FROZEN WATER 
THAT WAS WORKING

180
00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:38,833
IN HIGHER ELEVATIONS 
IN THE SIERRAS

181
00:07:38,833 --> 00:07:41,366
BUT EVEN THE LIQUID, NOW, 
CAN DO ITS WORK.

182
00:07:41,366 --> 00:07:44,066
EVEN AS WE SPEAK, 
LITTLE BY LITTLE 
BY LITTLE.

183
00:07:44,066 --> 00:07:45,933
TAKING IT DOWN, 
BREAKING IT DOWN

184
00:07:45,933 --> 00:07:48,566
TAKING IT AWAY... 
DUMPING IT SOMEWHERE ELSE.

185
00:07:48,566 --> 00:07:50,033
NEVER-ENDING STORY, 
IS IT?

186
00:07:50,033 --> 00:07:51,033
THAT'S IT.

187
00:07:51,033 --> 00:07:52,200
LET'S KEEP GOING.

188
00:07:59,200 --> 00:08:02,366
ABOUT TWO-AND-A-HALF 
MILLION PEOPLE A YEAR

189
00:08:02,366 --> 00:08:04,633
COME TO SEQUOIA 
NATIONAL FOREST

190
00:08:04,633 --> 00:08:07,700
MANY OF THEM TO VISIT 
THE SEQUOIA GROVES.

191
00:08:07,700 --> 00:08:09,366
AND TO SEE 
A TREE LIKE THAT, HUH?

192
00:08:09,366 --> 00:08:11,333
OH... THIS... 
A GIANT SEQUOIA 
IS AMAZING.

193
00:08:11,333 --> 00:08:13,866
LARGEST THING OF ANYTHING 
ON EARTH...  LIVING  THING.

194
00:08:13,866 --> 00:08:15,933
(  chuckling  ) 
LOOK AT THE SIZE 
AT THE BASE.

195
00:08:15,933 --> 00:08:17,700
I MEAN, IT'S 
TREMENDOUS DOWN HERE--

196
00:08:17,700 --> 00:08:18,966
NICE REDDISH COLOR 
ON IT--

197
00:08:18,966 --> 00:08:20,366
AND THEN 
AS YOU LOOK UP...

198
00:08:20,366 --> 00:08:22,500
I MEAN, IT'S-IT'S BIG 
UP THERE, TOO.

199
00:08:22,500 --> 00:08:24,466
IT'S WIDE AT THE... 
AT THE MIDDLE

200
00:08:24,466 --> 00:08:26,066
JUST LIKE IT IS 
AT THE BASE

201
00:08:26,066 --> 00:08:28,700
AND LOOK AT THOSE LARGE BRANCHES 
COMING OFF.

202
00:08:28,700 --> 00:08:30,233
OH, THAT IS AMAZING, 
YEAH.

203
00:08:30,233 --> 00:08:33,500
HUMBLING EXPERIENCE TO BE 
CLOSE TO SOMETHING THIS BIG.

204
00:08:33,500 --> 00:08:35,133
AND THESE THINGS SEEM 
TO GROW

205
00:08:35,133 --> 00:08:37,500
ON L... UNGLACIATED, 
UH, MOIST, UH, RIDGES

206
00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:39,966
SCATTERED GROVES, 
YOU KNOW, HERE AND THERE.

207
00:08:39,966 --> 00:08:42,133
NOT AS BUN... 
AS ABUNDANT AS THEY WERE

208
00:08:42,133 --> 00:08:43,900
60 MILLION YEARS AGO, 
FOR SURE.

209
00:08:43,900 --> 00:08:46,900
MORE GROVES HERE THAN 
ANYWHERE ELSE ON EARTH.

210
00:08:46,900 --> 00:08:48,066
MMM.

211
00:08:48,066 --> 00:08:50,533
WALKING AROUND IT-- 
LOOK AT THIS THING.

212
00:08:50,533 --> 00:08:51,700
(  chuckling  )

213
00:08:51,700 --> 00:08:53,866
GIVES YOU A FEELING 
FOR THE SIZE.

214
00:08:53,866 --> 00:08:55,200
OH, MY GOODNESS.

215
00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:56,200
SUCH A TREE.

216
00:08:56,200 --> 00:08:57,566
LOOK AT THIS, TOO.

217
00:08:57,566 --> 00:08:59,100
AH, NOW, THESE 
BREAK OFF AT TIMES?

218
00:08:59,100 --> 00:09:01,333
WELL, ONE OF THE NEAT THINGS 
ABOUT THIS TREE IS

219
00:09:01,333 --> 00:09:04,033
THAT SOME OF THE BRANCHES ARE 
AS BIG AS OTHER ENTIRE TREES

220
00:09:04,033 --> 00:09:06,466
AND, UH, 
ONE OF THE THINGS I NOTICED

221
00:09:06,466 --> 00:09:08,933
AS WE WAS WAL... 
WE WERE WALKING AROUND--

222
00:09:08,933 --> 00:09:10,166
LOOK UP AT THE TOP.

223
00:09:10,166 --> 00:09:12,733
THE BRANCHES REALLY DON'T COME 
DOWN VERY FAR.

224
00:09:12,733 --> 00:09:14,633
I MEAN, THEY-THEY- 
THEY'RE WAY UP

225
00:09:14,633 --> 00:09:17,000
BEFORE THEY START 
COMING OUT OF THE SIDE.

226
00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,400
LOOK AT THE  SIZE 
OF THOSE THINGS, THOUGH.

227
00:09:19,400 --> 00:09:20,466
THICK, THICK BARK.

228
00:09:20,466 --> 00:09:22,300
AND PRETTY SOLID TREE, 
YOU KNOW.

229
00:09:22,300 --> 00:09:24,566
IT REALLY IS RESISTANT 
TO INSECT DAMAGE

230
00:09:24,566 --> 00:09:27,600
AND, UH, TO MOLD/MILDEW SORTS 
OF PROBLEMS, DISEASES.

231
00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,833
I SEE THAT FIRE HAS COME 
IN HERE A LITTLE BIT

232
00:09:29,833 --> 00:09:33,033
BUT SOMETIMES THAT'S GOOD, 
GETTING RID OF THE LITTER BELOW

233
00:09:33,033 --> 00:09:35,333
AND THEN 
THOSE LITTLE TEENY SEED CAN GET

234
00:09:35,333 --> 00:09:37,300
TO THE GROUND 
AND GET STARTED AGAIN.

235
00:09:37,300 --> 00:09:39,766
AND THE AMAZING 
THING, RUDY--

236
00:09:39,766 --> 00:09:43,200
YOU CAN SEE CONES 
AROUND THE GROUND HERE

237
00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:47,600
AND THESE CONES ARE ABOUT 
THE SIZE OF A HEN'S EGG.

238
00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:50,200
IT'S ALWAYS AMAZING 
TO SEE THE SIZE OF THE CONE

239
00:09:50,200 --> 00:09:52,000
COMPARED TO THE SIZE 
OF THE TREE

240
00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:53,533
AS YOU'VE 
ALREADY MENTIONED.

241
00:09:53,533 --> 00:09:55,433
AND LOOK AT THIS ONE-- 
OLDER CONE.

242
00:09:55,433 --> 00:09:57,066
SEE THE LITTLE CREVICES THERE

243
00:09:57,066 --> 00:09:59,700
WHERE THOSE TINY SEED 
HAVE WORKED THEIR WAY OUT

244
00:09:59,700 --> 00:10:01,900
AND HOPEFULLY, 
DOWN INTO THE SOIL HERE.

245
00:10:01,900 --> 00:10:03,433
ISN'T THAT AMAZING, THOUGH?

246
00:10:03,433 --> 00:10:04,766
THE SIZE OF THAT THING!

247
00:10:04,766 --> 00:10:06,633
AND THE SEEDS SO TINY

248
00:10:06,633 --> 00:10:09,566
IT TAKES 90,000 
TO MAKE ONE POUND.

249
00:10:09,566 --> 00:10:12,633
AND YOU CAN SEE 
SOME WIND DAMAGE, I SUPPOSE--

250
00:10:12,633 --> 00:10:15,100
OR ICE DAMAGE-- 
PULLED THAT ONE OFF.

251
00:10:15,100 --> 00:10:16,933
NOW THAT'S 
A FRESH ONE, RIGHT?

252
00:10:16,933 --> 00:10:18,900
WITH SEED DEVELOPING INSIDE.

253
00:10:18,900 --> 00:10:20,366
STILL NICE AND GREEN.

254
00:10:20,366 --> 00:10:22,066
AND REALLY, 
ON THE BRANCH

255
00:10:22,066 --> 00:10:24,333
LOOK HOW SCALY 
THAT BRANCH LOOKS.

256
00:10:24,333 --> 00:10:26,833
IT'S AMAZING 
WHEN YOU THINK 
THAT THIS SPECIES

257
00:10:26,833 --> 00:10:28,833
IS  ONLY  FOUND 
ON THE WESTERN SLOPES

258
00:10:28,833 --> 00:10:30,466
OF THE SIERRAS 
IN CALIFORNIA.

259
00:10:30,466 --> 00:10:32,366
AMAZING PLANT. 
INTERESTING PLANT.

260
00:10:32,366 --> 00:10:33,833
MORE TO SEE, THOUGH, JIM.

261
00:10:33,833 --> 00:10:34,833
LET'S HEAD OUT.

262
00:10:46,233 --> 00:10:49,200
MUCH LOWER ELEVATION NOW 
AND A GREAT DEAL DRIER.

263
00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:51,800
USUALLY CALLED THE SCRUB 
OR CHAPARRAL ZONE

264
00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:54,833
BECAUSE OF THESE LITTLE SHRUBS 
THAT DOMINATE HERE

265
00:10:54,833 --> 00:10:57,266
BUT THERE ARE A FEW TREES 
THAT COME IN.

266
00:10:57,266 --> 00:10:59,933
FEW TREES 
WITH THESE LONG, 
BLUISH-GREEN NEEDLES

267
00:10:59,933 --> 00:11:01,333
AND RED BARK.

268
00:11:01,333 --> 00:11:03,000
A VERY COMMON TREE 
IN THE AREA.

269
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:04,766
COMMON NAME 
IS DIGGER PINE.

270
00:11:04,766 --> 00:11:06,633
AND IT DOES SEEM 
TO DOMINATE

271
00:11:06,633 --> 00:11:08,433
IN THIS PART 
OF THE FOREST.

272
00:11:08,433 --> 00:11:11,433
IT WILL GET EVEN LARGER 
THAN THIS HIGHER UP.

273
00:11:11,433 --> 00:11:14,433
THREE NEEDLES PER BUNDLE-- 
LOOK AT THAT.

274
00:11:14,433 --> 00:11:16,366
PRETTY LONG, TOO, REALLY.

275
00:11:16,366 --> 00:11:18,466
AND KIND OF A REDDISH 
BARK ON THE TREE.

276
00:11:18,466 --> 00:11:19,766
TWISTED A LITTLE.

277
00:11:19,766 --> 00:11:22,200
AGAIN, THIS IS NOT 
THE PERFECT HABITAT FOR IT

278
00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:25,266
BUT IT SEEMS TO GET UP ABOVE 
THOSE SHRUBS RATHER NICELY.

279
00:11:25,266 --> 00:11:27,866
CONIFER, OF COURSE, 
MEANS "CONE BEARER"

280
00:11:27,866 --> 00:11:30,166
AND THESE CONES, 
RUDY, ARE HUGE.

281
00:11:33,266 --> 00:11:34,966
I'M SURE THAT'S 
A HEAVY CONE, TOO

282
00:11:34,966 --> 00:11:36,466
BECAUSE LOOK 
AT THE THICKNESS

283
00:11:36,466 --> 00:11:37,933
OF THE SCALES 
ON THAT THING.

284
00:11:37,933 --> 00:11:40,966
HEAVY, AND THE BRACKS 
ARE VERY SHARPLY POINTED.

285
00:11:40,966 --> 00:11:43,000
AND THE SIZE.

286
00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:45,233
WELL, YOU CAN SEE 
THE SPACES IN THERE, TOO

287
00:11:45,233 --> 00:11:47,166
WHERE THOSE LARGE SEEDS 
USED TO BE

288
00:11:47,166 --> 00:11:48,533
AND YOU FIGURE 
THIS PLANT

289
00:11:48,533 --> 00:11:50,766
PROVIDES LOTS OF FOOD 
FOR ANIMALS HERE.

290
00:11:50,766 --> 00:11:52,366
BUT THAT'S 
ONE OF THE LARGEST

291
00:11:52,366 --> 00:11:55,333
AND PROBABLY THE HEAVIEST 
CONES THAT I'VE EVER SEEN.

292
00:11:55,333 --> 00:11:57,133
LITTLE BIT OF RESIN 
STICKING OUT

293
00:11:57,133 --> 00:11:59,466
ON THE SIDES OF THOSE 
SCALES, TOO, RIGHT?

294
00:11:59,466 --> 00:12:01,566
THERE ARE 54 CONIFERS 
FOUND IN THE STATES

295
00:12:01,566 --> 00:12:03,766
AND MORE THAN HALF, OR 
ABOUT HALF, ARE ENDEMIC.

296
00:12:03,766 --> 00:12:05,533
THIS ONE IS JUST 
COMMON TO THE STATE.

297
00:12:05,533 --> 00:12:06,800
MM-HMM. THAT'S 
A NEAT CONE.

298
00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:08,766
AND THOSE PINES NOW RISE 
ABOVE THE SHRUBS

299
00:12:08,766 --> 00:12:11,066
BUT THERE ARE A COUPLE 
OF INTERESTING ONES HERE

300
00:12:11,066 --> 00:12:12,266
RABBIT BRUSH IS ONE.

301
00:12:12,266 --> 00:12:13,733
THAT'S A WIDESPREAD ONE.

302
00:12:13,733 --> 00:12:15,333
RABBITS FEED ON IT 
A LITTLE

303
00:12:15,333 --> 00:12:17,166
AND CERTAINLY USE IT 
FOR SHADE.

304
00:12:17,166 --> 00:12:20,333
BUT YOU SEE IT LOVES 
DRY AREAS LIKE THIS.

305
00:12:20,333 --> 00:12:22,166
AND THEN BUCK BRUSH--

306
00:12:22,166 --> 00:12:25,033
UM, ANOTHER COMMON NAME 
REFERRING TO AN ANIMAL--

307
00:12:25,033 --> 00:12:26,200
IS RIGHT BEHIND IT.

308
00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:28,100
IT'S JUST ABOUT 
READY TO FLOWER.

309
00:12:28,100 --> 00:12:30,633
AND DEER, YOU FIGURE, 
COULD HIDE IN THERE

310
00:12:30,633 --> 00:12:32,333
AND SEEK SOME REFUGE THERE.

311
00:12:32,333 --> 00:12:35,266
THOSE ARE TWO SHRUBS 
THAT GET PRETTY HIGH HERE.

312
00:12:35,266 --> 00:12:37,633
UH... YERBA SANTA 
IS THAT STRANGE-LOOKING

313
00:12:37,633 --> 00:12:40,600
LITTLE OLD PLANT DOWN THERE 
WITH THE NARROW LEAVES.

314
00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:42,333
THEY'RE SHINY 
ON THE TOP, SEE?

315
00:12:42,333 --> 00:12:44,333
MM-HMM. LOOKS ALMOST 
STICKY ON TOP.

316
00:12:44,333 --> 00:12:45,800
YEAH. AND THAT'S 
A SPECIES

317
00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:47,633
THAT REALLY COMES IN 
AFTER FIRES

318
00:12:47,633 --> 00:12:50,900
AND I IMAGINE THIS IS ONE 
OF THOSE AREAS, THIS CHAPARRAL

319
00:12:50,900 --> 00:12:52,666
THAT WOULD BURN 
PRETTY QUICKLY.

320
00:12:52,666 --> 00:12:56,000
BUT THAT SPECIES SEEMS 
TO COME IN AND DO BEST 
AFTER FIRES.

321
00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:57,733
HUMMINGBIRD, JIM. 
RIGHT THERE.

322
00:12:57,733 --> 00:13:00,333
SEE IT PERCHED 
RIGHT ON THE TOP 
OF THAT SHRUB?

323
00:13:00,333 --> 00:13:01,700
CAN YOU MAKE THE BIRD?

324
00:13:01,700 --> 00:13:03,933
WELL, HE'S MOVING AROUND 
A LITTLE BIT.

325
00:13:03,933 --> 00:13:05,933
OLIVE ON THE BACK; 
SHINY, METALLIC.

326
00:13:05,933 --> 00:13:08,333
RED ON THE THROAT... 
BROAD-TAILED, MAYBE?

327
00:13:08,333 --> 00:13:10,233
MAYBE A LARGE, 
LARGE HUMMINGBIRD.

328
00:13:10,233 --> 00:13:11,433
KIND OF HARD TO SEE

329
00:13:11,433 --> 00:13:13,766
BUT THAT'S NEAT 
AGAINST THE TOP UP THERE.

330
00:13:13,766 --> 00:13:16,266
AND THEN, SINCE WE'RE LOOKING 
IN THAT DIRECTION--

331
00:13:16,266 --> 00:13:17,666
DIGGER PINE, UP HIGH--

332
00:13:17,666 --> 00:13:18,766
THERE'S THE, UH...

333
00:13:18,766 --> 00:13:20,466
SOMETIMES CALLED 
THE CALIFORNIA JAY

334
00:13:20,466 --> 00:13:22,833
BUT SCRUB JAY IS A LITTLE BETTER 
NAME FOR IT.

335
00:13:22,833 --> 00:13:24,666
AND THIS IS A PERFECT 
PLACE FOR IT.

336
00:13:24,666 --> 00:13:27,366
I MEAN, THE SCRUB ZONE, 
CHAPARRAL ZONE, IS TYPICAL.

337
00:13:27,366 --> 00:13:28,800
SEE, THAT'S A BIG BIRD!

338
00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:31,266
VERY BRIGHT BLUE 
BUT A LITTLE BROWN 
ON THE BACK, YEAH.

339
00:13:31,266 --> 00:13:33,066
AND A LITTLE BIT OF WHITISH 
ON THE FRONT.

340
00:13:33,066 --> 00:13:34,400
MM-HMM.

341
00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:36,500
HE'S LOOKING RIGHT AT US, 
THERE IN THE SUNLIGHT.

342
00:13:36,500 --> 00:13:37,933
BUT THAT'S SO TYPICAL.

343
00:13:37,933 --> 00:13:40,500
THAT'S AN ANIMAL THAT YOU WOULD 
EXPECT TO SEE RIGHT HERE

344
00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:42,033
AND, WELL, THERE IT IS.

345
00:13:42,033 --> 00:13:44,066
BUTTERFLIES OVER 
HERE ON THE BUSHES.

346
00:13:44,066 --> 00:13:46,100
COMING TO THE FLOWERS. 
LOOK AT THAT.

347
00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:48,666
THAT'S ONE OF THE  RIBES 
OR GOOSEBERRY PLANTS

348
00:13:48,666 --> 00:13:50,200
WITH YELLOW FLOWERS ON IT.

349
00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:51,366
AND THERE'S NECTAR

350
00:13:51,366 --> 00:13:53,433
AND SO HERE COME 
THE, UH, BUTTERFLIES.

351
00:13:53,433 --> 00:13:55,433
MILBERT'S TORTOISESHELL 
IS THE ONE...

352
00:13:55,433 --> 00:13:57,833
LOOK AT THE ONE THAT'S 
SO BEAUTIFULLY COLORED

353
00:13:57,833 --> 00:13:59,500
WITH A VARIETY 
OF COLORS ON IT.

354
00:13:59,500 --> 00:14:01,866
THAT'S A RELATIVE 
OF THAT, UH, MOURNING CLOAK

355
00:14:01,866 --> 00:14:03,200
THAT WE SAW EARLIER

356
00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:04,733
SAME GENUS, 
DIFFERENT SPECIES.

357
00:14:04,733 --> 00:14:06,666
A LITTLE MORE BRIGHTLY 
COLORED, YEAH.

358
00:14:06,666 --> 00:14:08,866
AND THEN GETTING A SIP 
OF NECTAR, YOU SEE?

359
00:14:08,866 --> 00:14:11,666
GIVING US A PRETTY GOOD VIEW 
OF THE, UH, OF HIS BODY.

360
00:14:11,666 --> 00:14:13,366
WHAT'S THE OTHER 
ONE THAT LOOKS

361
00:14:13,366 --> 00:14:15,266
SOMEWHAT SIMILAR, 
BUT NOT EXACTLY?

362
00:14:15,266 --> 00:14:17,666
THE ONE ON THE, UH, 
BRANCH OVER THERE BY IT

363
00:14:17,666 --> 00:14:19,433
YEAH, THE OTHER PLANT 
OVER THERE

364
00:14:19,433 --> 00:14:21,533
IS THE, UH, 
CALIFORNIA TORTOISESHELL.

365
00:14:21,533 --> 00:14:23,933
THERE ARE A LOT OF ANIMALS 
AND PLANTS NAMED

366
00:14:23,933 --> 00:14:26,633
AFTER THIS STATE BECAUSE 
THERE'S SO MUCH VARIETY

367
00:14:26,633 --> 00:14:28,166
IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.

368
00:14:28,166 --> 00:14:30,866
AND THAT, AGAIN, IS ONE 
OF THE TORTOISESHELLS--

369
00:14:30,866 --> 00:14:32,166
SAME GENUS AS MILBERT'S

370
00:14:32,166 --> 00:14:34,233
SAME GENUS AS THE, UH, 
MOURNING CLOAK.

371
00:14:34,233 --> 00:14:36,100
ALL OF THEM OVERWINTER, 
AS ADULTS

372
00:14:36,100 --> 00:14:37,266
YOU KNOW, HIBERNATE.

373
00:14:37,266 --> 00:14:39,266
COME OUT AND, 
UH, SPREAD THEIR WINGS

374
00:14:39,266 --> 00:14:40,266
IN THE SUN.

375
00:14:40,266 --> 00:14:42,133
I SEE ANOTHER 
LITTLE BUTTERFLY

376
00:14:42,133 --> 00:14:43,600
ON THE YELLOW FLOWERS.

377
00:14:43,600 --> 00:14:44,933
YOU SEE THE ELFIN?

378
00:14:44,933 --> 00:14:46,266
OH, DOCKER... 
A BROWN...

379
00:14:46,266 --> 00:14:48,233
WESTERN ELFIN-- 
TINY LITTLE THING.

380
00:14:48,233 --> 00:14:50,033
AND, AGAIN, 
ADULT BUTTERFLIES...

381
00:14:50,033 --> 00:14:52,100
I MEAN, THEY DON'T GET 
ANY BIGGER...

382
00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:54,600
ONCE THEY GET WINGS, 
THEY DON'T GET LARGER.

383
00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:56,066
THAT'S 
JUST A TINY SPECIES

384
00:14:56,066 --> 00:14:57,833
TYPICALLY FLYING 
IN THE SPRING.

385
00:14:57,833 --> 00:15:00,266
LET'S HEAD ON DOWN 
TOWARD THE KERN RIVER.

386
00:15:02,200 --> 00:15:04,966
TRY TO WORK OUR WAY DOWN 
CLOSE TO THE RIVER HERE.

387
00:15:04,966 --> 00:15:07,233
THIS IS THE NORTH FORK 
OF THE KERN RIVER

388
00:15:07,233 --> 00:15:08,666
AND THERE'S 
54 MILES OF IT

389
00:15:08,666 --> 00:15:09,933
IN THE NATIONAL FOREST

390
00:15:09,933 --> 00:15:12,100
HALF OF IT, RUDY, 
IN WILDERNESS AREAS.

391
00:15:12,100 --> 00:15:13,233
OH, BEAUTIFUL, TOO

392
00:15:13,233 --> 00:15:15,633
WITH THOSE MOUNTAINS RISING 
BEHIND IT.

393
00:15:15,633 --> 00:15:17,266
AND SLOWLY 
BUT SURELY, NOW

394
00:15:17,266 --> 00:15:18,733
THIS RIVER IS INVOLVED

395
00:15:18,733 --> 00:15:20,800
IN WEARING 
THOSE MOUNTAINS AWAY.

396
00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:22,833
AND WATER RUSHING BY-- 
YOU SEE THE WAY

397
00:15:22,833 --> 00:15:24,500
IT'S REALLY MOVED 
THESE THINGS.

398
00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:25,900
IT DOES, AND 
ALL THE WATER

399
00:15:25,900 --> 00:15:27,800
GOES INTO LAKE 
ISABELLA EVENTUALLY.

400
00:15:27,800 --> 00:15:29,300
NEAT VIEW 
DOWN THE WAY, TOO.

401
00:15:29,300 --> 00:15:30,600
AGAIN, 
SLOWLY BUT SURELY

402
00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:32,200
NATURE'S REARRANGING 
THE WORLD

403
00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:33,966
AND CREATING A PRETTY 
INTERESTING

404
00:15:33,966 --> 00:15:35,766
LITTLE RIPARIAN AREA 
ON THE SIDE.

405
00:15:35,766 --> 00:15:37,533
RIPARIAN BEING 
SOMEWHAT WETTER...

406
00:15:37,533 --> 00:15:39,066
YEAH, 
RIGHT BY FLOWING WATER.

407
00:15:39,066 --> 00:15:40,333
AND COTTONWOODS ARE THERE.

408
00:15:40,333 --> 00:15:41,700
LOOK AT 
THE COTTONWOOD TREES.

409
00:15:41,700 --> 00:15:42,866
LOOK AT THE THICK BARK--

410
00:15:42,866 --> 00:15:44,333
FURROWED BARK-- 
ON THOSE TREES.

411
00:15:44,333 --> 00:15:45,633
THAT'S SO TYPICAL.

412
00:15:45,633 --> 00:15:48,100
A FEW LEAVES HANGING ON, 
BUT MOST OF THEM GONE.

413
00:15:48,100 --> 00:15:50,000
THAT'D BE 
FREMONT COTTONWOOD HERE.

414
00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:52,100
LOOK AT THE, UH... 
LOOK AT THE NEST.

415
00:15:52,100 --> 00:15:53,666
SEE THE LITTLE 
BOLUS NEST--

416
00:15:53,666 --> 00:15:55,266
THE ONE THAT'S 
HANGING DOWN?

417
00:15:55,266 --> 00:15:57,433
THAT'S AN ORIOLE, 
NO QUESTION ABOUT IT.

418
00:15:57,433 --> 00:16:00,166
ONE OF LAST YEAR'S 
ORIOLE NESTS, STILL UP THERE.

419
00:16:00,166 --> 00:16:03,066
MUST BE MADE OUT OF SOME 
PRETTY STURDY MATERIAL.

420
00:16:03,066 --> 00:16:04,366
WHERE YOU SEE ONE

421
00:16:04,366 --> 00:16:06,233
THERE ARE GOING 
TO BE SEVERAL 
OTHERS AROUND.

422
00:16:06,233 --> 00:16:07,666
OH, YEAH. 
THEY'LL BE COMING BACK

423
00:16:07,666 --> 00:16:09,500
A LITTLE LATER 
IN THE, UH... IN THE YEAR.

424
00:16:09,500 --> 00:16:10,866
IT'S A GREAT PLACE 
FOR BIRDING

425
00:16:10,866 --> 00:16:12,700
BEING NEAR 
RECREATION AREAS...

426
00:16:12,700 --> 00:16:14,766
LOOK IN THE, UH, 
COTTONWOOD THERE

427
00:16:14,766 --> 00:16:15,866
WITH THE CATKINS.

428
00:16:15,866 --> 00:16:17,966
WHAT IS... UH, 
LADDER-BACK WOODPECKER

429
00:16:17,966 --> 00:16:19,600
WORKING THE CATKINS, 
I THINK.

430
00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:21,233
YEAH, LADDER-BACK 
WOODPECKER.

431
00:16:21,233 --> 00:16:22,766
LOOK AT THE BLACK 
AND WHITE

432
00:16:22,766 --> 00:16:24,400
LADDER-LIKE LOOK 
ON THE BACK.

433
00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:27,233
GOING TO THE CATKINS 
WHICH ARE, YOU KNOW, FLOWERS

434
00:16:27,233 --> 00:16:29,000
BUT I BET 
IT'S GETTING INSECTS.

435
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:30,866
THAT'S PROBABLY 
WHAT IT'S GETTING

436
00:16:30,866 --> 00:16:32,000
MORE THAN ANYTHING.

437
00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:33,000
OH, THAT'S NEAT.

438
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:34,300
ANOTHER WOODPECKER 
CLOSE BY

439
00:16:34,300 --> 00:16:35,300
AND NOT A 
LADDER-BACK

440
00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:36,533
BUT VERY SIMILAR 
MARKINGS.

441
00:16:36,533 --> 00:16:37,700
BLACK AND WHITE LIKE...

442
00:16:37,700 --> 00:16:39,466
LOOK AT... YEAH, 
BIG BEAK, TOO, NOW.

443
00:16:39,466 --> 00:16:41,133
THAT'S A HAIRY WOODPECKER 
FOR SURE

444
00:16:41,133 --> 00:16:43,066
WORKING HIS WAY UP 
THE SIDE OF THAT TREE

445
00:16:43,066 --> 00:16:44,533
I GUESS, 
GETTING SOME INSECTS

446
00:16:44,533 --> 00:16:45,900
UH, FROM UNDERNEATH 
THE BARK

447
00:16:45,900 --> 00:16:47,600
OR MAYBE ONE OF THOSE 
BROKEN AREAS.

448
00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:50,000
RUDY, THE DOWNY 
WOODPECKER WOULD 
BE MUCH SMALLER.

449
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:51,700
YEAH, IT WOULD BE 
SMALLER THAN THAT

450
00:16:51,700 --> 00:16:53,133
AND HAVE 
A LOT SMALLER BEAK.

451
00:16:53,133 --> 00:16:55,033
NOW, BACK IN THE CATKINS, 
ISN'T THAT A...

452
00:16:55,033 --> 00:16:57,366
THAT'S A TITMOUSE-- 
THE PLAIN TITMOUSE.

453
00:16:57,366 --> 00:16:58,366
OH, YEAH.

454
00:16:58,366 --> 00:16:59,966
SEE A LITTLE BIT 
OF A CREST?

455
00:16:59,966 --> 00:17:01,233
AND, AGAIN, I'M SURE

456
00:17:01,233 --> 00:17:03,500
HE'S NOT GOING 
FOR THE FLOWERS, REALLY.

457
00:17:03,500 --> 00:17:04,966
HE'S GOING FOR INSECTS

458
00:17:04,966 --> 00:17:06,766
THAT HAVE COME 
TO THOSE FLOWERS

459
00:17:06,766 --> 00:17:07,766
IN THE CATKINS

460
00:17:07,766 --> 00:17:09,666
AND WORKING, 
SLOWLY BUT SURELY.

461
00:17:09,666 --> 00:17:11,933
AND IS RATHER PLAIN 
COMPARED TO MOST

462
00:17:11,933 --> 00:17:13,566
OF THE OTHER, 
UH, TITMICE.

463
00:17:13,566 --> 00:17:15,866
AND THAT TREE IS 
ABSOLUTELY FULL OF THINGS

464
00:17:15,866 --> 00:17:18,200
BECAUSE THERE'S 
A RUFOUS-SIDED TOWHEE, A MALE.

465
00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:19,566
LOOK AT IT UP TOP THERE.

466
00:17:19,566 --> 00:17:21,233
SITTING RIGHT 
THERE SO PERFECT.

467
00:17:21,233 --> 00:17:22,866
LOOK AT THE COLORS. 
OH, YEAH.

468
00:17:22,866 --> 00:17:25,366
AND THE RUFOUS SIDE-- 
YOU CAN SEE THAT CLEARLY

469
00:17:25,366 --> 00:17:26,433
AND THE BLACK

470
00:17:26,433 --> 00:17:28,466
AND THEN SOME WHITE 
ON THE WINGS.

471
00:17:28,466 --> 00:17:30,000
OH, THAT IS A NEAT BIRD

472
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:31,600
RIGHT UP THERE 
IN THE SUNLIGHT.

473
00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:33,300
RUDY, HERE'S ANOTHER 
OF THE JAYS

474
00:17:33,300 --> 00:17:35,633
A SCRUB JAY WITH THAT 
BLUE AND SLIGHT BROWN.

475
00:17:35,633 --> 00:17:37,133
OH, YEAH, 
THAT'S A NICE BIRD.

476
00:17:37,133 --> 00:17:39,433
AND THIS IS A CAMPGROUND 
AREA CLOSE TO HERE

477
00:17:39,433 --> 00:17:41,766
SO I'M SURE HE'S COMING 
TO FIND A FREE MEAL.

478
00:17:41,766 --> 00:17:42,866
LISTEN TO THAT CALL.

479
00:17:42,866 --> 00:17:44,866
(  screeching  )

480
00:17:44,866 --> 00:17:46,300
AND THAT'S KIND 
OF TYPICAL

481
00:17:46,300 --> 00:17:47,666
YOU KNOW, 
FOR THAT BIRD.

482
00:17:47,666 --> 00:17:48,733
PERCHED UP HIGH

483
00:17:48,733 --> 00:17:50,366
AGAIN, LETTING 
EVERYBODY KNOW

484
00:17:50,366 --> 00:17:51,900
THAT THIS IS 
HIS TERRITORY.

485
00:17:51,900 --> 00:17:54,266
HERE'S ANOTHER BIRD 
THAT'S SO UNUSUAL.

486
00:17:54,266 --> 00:17:55,866
YOU CAN TELL 
THE  PHAINOPEPLA

487
00:17:55,866 --> 00:17:58,200
WITH THAT BRILLIANT 
BLACK-PURPLISH COLOR

488
00:17:58,200 --> 00:17:59,366
AND THAT CREST.

489
00:17:59,366 --> 00:18:00,566
A MALE, CLEARLY.

490
00:18:00,566 --> 00:18:03,033
YEAH, MUCH BRIGHTER 
AND THAT METALLIC LOOK

491
00:18:03,033 --> 00:18:04,366
AND THAT ORANGISH EYE.

492
00:18:04,366 --> 00:18:05,933
LOOK AT THE IRIS 
IN THE EYE

493
00:18:05,933 --> 00:18:07,666
AND THE NEAT CREST 
BEING BLOWN

494
00:18:07,666 --> 00:18:09,100
A LITTLE BIT 
BY THE WIND.

495
00:18:09,100 --> 00:18:11,000
SITTING, NOW, 
CLOSE TO MISTLETOE.

496
00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:12,633
THAT IS A BERRY-FEEDING BIRD

497
00:18:12,633 --> 00:18:15,333
SO HE'S GOING TO TAKE 
A LOT OF MISTLETOE FRUIT

498
00:18:15,333 --> 00:18:16,833
CHANGE IT INTO  PHAINOPEPLA.

499
00:18:16,833 --> 00:18:19,233
TYPICAL OF THIS PART 
OF THE UNITED STATES

500
00:18:19,233 --> 00:18:20,566
AND, UH, NOWHERE ELSE.

501
00:18:20,566 --> 00:18:22,233
WE GOT BIRDS 
EVERYWHERE WE LOOK.

502
00:18:22,233 --> 00:18:23,400
IN THE TOP OF THE TREE

503
00:18:23,400 --> 00:18:25,200
AGAIN, THERE'S 
ANOTHER WOODPECKER.

504
00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:26,266
FLICKER.

505
00:18:26,266 --> 00:18:27,933
NORTHERN FLICKER IS 
THE NAME NOW.

506
00:18:27,933 --> 00:18:30,066
THE OLD NAME WAS 
THE RED-SHAFTED FLICKER

507
00:18:30,066 --> 00:18:31,400
ON THAT BIRD.

508
00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:33,766
YOU SEE A LITTLE BIT OF RED-- 
ALMOST A MUSTACHE--

509
00:18:33,766 --> 00:18:35,000
ON THE SIDE OF THE HEAD.

510
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,033
BUT THAT'S REALLY, 
UH, REALLY A NICE ONE.

511
00:18:37,033 --> 00:18:39,433
ONE OTHER BIRD-- 
THE TOWNSEND'S SOLITAIRE, JIM.

512
00:18:39,433 --> 00:18:40,533
IT LOOKS ALMOST LIKE

513
00:18:40,533 --> 00:18:42,366
A MOCKINGBIRD 
WITH THAT GRAY COLOR.

514
00:18:42,366 --> 00:18:44,133
BUT LOOK AT THE LITTLE 
TINY BEAK.

515
00:18:44,133 --> 00:18:46,300
THAT FEEDS ON INSECTS 
A LOT IN THE SUMMER

516
00:18:46,300 --> 00:18:47,600
BUT THIS TIME 
OF THE YEAR

517
00:18:47,600 --> 00:18:49,900
THAT'S LOOKING FOR BERRIES 
AND OTHER FRUIT.

518
00:18:49,900 --> 00:18:51,666
PROBABLY, AGAIN, 
LOOKING FOR SOME

519
00:18:51,666 --> 00:18:53,033
OF THE FRUIT 
ON MISTLETOE.

520
00:18:53,033 --> 00:18:54,400
THAT'S 
AN INTERESTING BIRD

521
00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:56,633
TYPICAL OF THIS PART 
OF THE UNITED STATES.

522
00:18:56,633 --> 00:18:58,333
IT'S A TOUGH BIRD 
TO CALL, RUDY.

523
00:18:58,333 --> 00:18:59,533
OH, YEAH, IT IS.

524
00:18:59,533 --> 00:19:01,633
THIS IS A GREAT PLACE 
FOR BIRDS, THOUGH--

525
00:19:01,633 --> 00:19:03,033
WHERE THERE'S 
MOVING WATER

526
00:19:03,033 --> 00:19:04,266
LOW AREAS LIKE THIS.

527
00:19:04,266 --> 00:19:06,500
THIS TIME OF YEAR, 
A PERFECT PLACE TO COME.

528
00:19:06,500 --> 00:19:07,733
LET'S HEAD DOWNSTREAM.

529
00:19:07,733 --> 00:19:09,200
ALL RIGHT. 
I'LL FOLLOW YOU.

530
00:19:18,200 --> 00:19:20,400
IT MIGHT SEEM ODD 
TO SOME TO THINK

531
00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:23,400
THAT WE'RE STILL 
IN THE SEQUOIA 
NATIONAL FOREST

532
00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:25,000
IN THIS SORT 
OF A SETTING

533
00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:26,533
BUT THIS ALL 
PART OF IT.

534
00:19:26,533 --> 00:19:27,533
WELL, IT CHANGES

535
00:19:27,533 --> 00:19:29,200
AS YOU COME DOWN 
IN ELEVATION

536
00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:30,966
THERE'S NO QUESTION 
ABOUT THAT.

537
00:19:30,966 --> 00:19:32,300
BUT AS WE'VE MENTIONED

538
00:19:32,300 --> 00:19:34,133
GRANITE IS 
ONE OF THE ROCKS HERE

539
00:19:34,133 --> 00:19:35,533
THAT SEEMS TO DOMINATE.

540
00:19:35,533 --> 00:19:39,466
AND WHEN YOU EXPOSE GRANITE 
TO THE ELEMENTS

541
00:19:39,466 --> 00:19:42,233
IT BEGINS TO WEATHER 
LIKE THIS

542
00:19:42,233 --> 00:19:44,700
AND IT ENDS UP 
IN SOME STRANGE SHAPES.

543
00:19:44,700 --> 00:19:46,866
SO THAT EXFOLIATION 
ON BIG MASSES

544
00:19:46,866 --> 00:19:48,200
THAT PEELING OFF

545
00:19:48,200 --> 00:19:50,100
CONTINUES 
WHEN YOU GET SMALLER

546
00:19:50,100 --> 00:19:51,333
AND SEE, YOU END UP

547
00:19:51,333 --> 00:19:53,366
WITH ROUNDED 
FEATURES HERE, JIM?

548
00:19:53,366 --> 00:19:55,533
ALMOST LIKE HUGE 
ROUNDED BOULDERS.

549
00:19:55,533 --> 00:19:58,100
YEAH, SPHEROIDAL WEATHERING, 
IT'S CALLED

550
00:19:58,100 --> 00:20:01,066
AND GRANITE IS TYPICALLY 
WEATHERING THAT WAY--

551
00:20:01,066 --> 00:20:02,866
ROUNDING OFF 
FROM ALL SIDES.

552
00:20:02,866 --> 00:20:05,266
YOU CAN SEE DARKER 
MATERIAL IN THERE, TOO

553
00:20:05,266 --> 00:20:07,400
MAYBE SOME OF THE ROCK 
THAT WAS THERE

554
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,300
AS THE GRANITE 
CAME IN AS LIQUID.

555
00:20:09,300 --> 00:20:10,466
AND, OF COURSE

556
00:20:10,466 --> 00:20:12,800
NOW ALL THE ROCK 
THAT'S ABOVE IT IS GONE.

557
00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:14,666
THAT PRESSURE 
THAT THAT ROCK HAD

558
00:20:14,666 --> 00:20:16,466
IS RELEASED 
AND THE CRACKS FORM

559
00:20:16,466 --> 00:20:18,833
AND THEN WATER 
GETS IN THERE AND FREEZES.

560
00:20:18,833 --> 00:20:19,933
GOSH, THAT'S NEAT.

561
00:20:19,933 --> 00:20:21,133
AND BREAKING DOWN...

562
00:20:21,133 --> 00:20:22,500
YOU CAN SEE 
WE'RE STANDING

563
00:20:22,500 --> 00:20:23,800
IN SANDY MATERIAL HERE.

564
00:20:23,800 --> 00:20:25,866
THAT'S WHAT'S LEFT 
OF THE GRANITE ROCK

565
00:20:25,866 --> 00:20:27,533
ONCE IT WEATHERS AWAY.

566
00:20:27,533 --> 00:20:28,533
COARSE PIECES.

567
00:20:28,533 --> 00:20:30,000
LOOK AT THE HAWK 
UP HERE.

568
00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:31,866
AND IT'S SOARING 
RIGHT UP THERE.

569
00:20:31,866 --> 00:20:32,866
YEAH, OH, YEAH.

570
00:20:32,866 --> 00:20:34,400
GOT TO BE 
A RED-TAILED HAWK.

571
00:20:34,400 --> 00:20:35,933
THAT IS A WIDESPREAD BIRD.

572
00:20:35,933 --> 00:20:37,266
NOW, YOU SEE THAT

573
00:20:37,266 --> 00:20:38,966
OVER MUCH 
OF THE UNITED STATES.

574
00:20:38,966 --> 00:20:41,400
JUST SOARING WITHOUT 
EVEN SHAKING HIS WINGS

575
00:20:41,400 --> 00:20:44,266
RIDING A LITTLE, UH, 
WARM-RISING AIR CURRENT THERE.

576
00:20:44,266 --> 00:20:45,966
LOOK AT THE RED TAIL, THOUGH.

577
00:20:45,966 --> 00:20:46,966
THAT'S TYPICAL.

578
00:20:46,966 --> 00:20:48,300
OH, THAT'S A NEAT BIRD.

579
00:20:48,300 --> 00:20:49,766
AND A GOOD PLACE TO HUNT.

580
00:20:49,766 --> 00:20:51,033
IN THE OPEN AREA HERE

581
00:20:51,033 --> 00:20:53,600
YOU WOULD EXPECT RODENTS 
TO BE AVAILABLE HERE.

582
00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:55,433
WOULD IT BE THE 
MOST COMMON HAWK

583
00:20:55,433 --> 00:20:57,533
THAT WE WOULD SEE 
ACROSS THE COUNTRY?

584
00:20:57,533 --> 00:20:58,633
PROBABLY, YEAH.

585
00:20:58,633 --> 00:21:00,466
I SEE SOMETHING 
ELSE OVER HERE, TOO.

586
00:21:00,466 --> 00:21:02,433
IN THE LITTLE 
COTTONWOOD THERE?

587
00:21:02,433 --> 00:21:04,533
COUPLE OF RAVENS, 
I WOULD SUPPOSE.

588
00:21:04,533 --> 00:21:05,533
AREN'T THEY?

589
00:21:05,533 --> 00:21:06,866
THAT ROMAN NOSE, YEAH.

590
00:21:06,866 --> 00:21:08,800
YEAH, YEAH, YEAH. 
COMMON RAVENS.

591
00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:11,566
AND, YOU KNOW, I WOULDN'T 
DOUBT THAT THEY NEST

592
00:21:11,566 --> 00:21:13,900
IN THE PILE OF BOULDERS 
BEHIND US HERE.

593
00:21:13,900 --> 00:21:15,900
THIS WOULD BE 
A GOOD NESTING AREA

594
00:21:15,900 --> 00:21:17,066
AND THEN, OF COURSE

595
00:21:17,066 --> 00:21:18,866
FORAGE FOR FOOD 
OUT FROM HERE.

596
00:21:18,866 --> 00:21:20,233
BIRDS SINGING 
AROUND US.

597
00:21:20,233 --> 00:21:21,500
YEAH.

598
00:21:21,500 --> 00:21:24,033
LOOK AT THE SPARROW 
RIGHT HERE IN FRONT, TOO.

599
00:21:24,033 --> 00:21:25,200
OH, YEAH.

600
00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:27,266
I THINK THAT'S 
A GOLDEN-CROWNED SPARROW.

601
00:21:27,266 --> 00:21:28,566
THAT'S ONE 
YOU WOULD FIND

602
00:21:28,566 --> 00:21:30,366
IN THIS PART 
OF THE UNITED STATES.

603
00:21:30,366 --> 00:21:31,700
YOU WOULDN'T GET IT

604
00:21:31,700 --> 00:21:33,533
MUCH FARTHER EAST 
THAN RIGHT HERE.

605
00:21:33,533 --> 00:21:35,666
BUT, UH, PINK BEAK, 
LITTLE PINKISH LEGS

606
00:21:35,666 --> 00:21:38,233
AND THAT GRAY BACK 
WITH THE DARKER LINES ON IT.

607
00:21:38,233 --> 00:21:40,066
YEAH, I THINK 
THAT'S WHAT THAT IS.

608
00:21:40,066 --> 00:21:42,133
AND A LITTLE YELLOW 
ON THE HEAD THERE.

609
00:21:42,133 --> 00:21:43,766
YEAH, THAT'S ONE 
I HAVEN'T, UH

610
00:21:43,766 --> 00:21:45,000
I HAVEN'T SEEN BEFORE.

611
00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:46,500
BUT, AGAIN, 
A SPECIES THAT'S

612
00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:47,700
TYPICAL OF THIS AREA.

613
00:21:47,700 --> 00:21:50,000
WE'RE VERY CLOSE 
TO LAKE ISABELLA NOW.

614
00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:51,866
LET'S TAKE A LOOK 
AT THAT NEXT.

615
00:22:01,866 --> 00:22:03,300
BOY, THAT'S 
A CHILLY WIND

616
00:22:03,300 --> 00:22:04,766
THAT'S BLOWING, 
ISN'T IT?

617
00:22:04,766 --> 00:22:06,833
IT'S GETTING TO 
THE END OF FEBRUARY

618
00:22:06,833 --> 00:22:09,200
AND GETTING CLOSE 
TO OPEN BODY OF WATER.

619
00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:13,033
WHAT SURPRISES ME-- 
THESE CLAM SHELLS 
ALL OVER THE PLACE.

620
00:22:13,033 --> 00:22:15,966
ASIATIC CLAMS-- 
THAT'S A NON-NATIVE SPECIES

621
00:22:15,966 --> 00:22:17,300
THAT WE'RE NOT SURE

622
00:22:17,300 --> 00:22:19,566
HOW THEY GOT 
TO THE UNITED STATES

623
00:22:19,566 --> 00:22:21,266
BUT THEY REALLY DOMINATE

624
00:22:21,266 --> 00:22:24,200
IN MANMADE BODIES OF WATER 
LIKE THIS, JIM.

625
00:22:24,200 --> 00:22:25,633
OH, THIS IS NICE.

626
00:22:25,633 --> 00:22:27,866
STANDING WATER-- 
LOOK AT THE MERGANZERS.

627
00:22:27,866 --> 00:22:29,200
LOOK AT THAT DUCK.

628
00:22:29,200 --> 00:22:31,466
FISH-EATING DUCK, 
AND THERE ARE SO MANY.

629
00:22:31,466 --> 00:22:32,633
THAT'S PROBABLY MORE

630
00:22:32,633 --> 00:22:34,533
THAN I'VE EVER SEEN 
IN ONE PLACE.

631
00:22:34,533 --> 00:22:36,800
COMMON REGANZERS-- 
THAT RED ON THE TOP--

632
00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:39,633
SEE, ALMOST A LITTLE BIT 
OF A PROJECTION BACK OFF

633
00:22:39,633 --> 00:22:40,966
THE BACK OF THE HEAD.

634
00:22:40,966 --> 00:22:42,933
WHAT ARE THEY 
TYPICALLY FEEDING ON?

635
00:22:42,933 --> 00:22:43,933
OH, THAT'S FISH.

636
00:22:43,933 --> 00:22:45,533
FISH-EATER, 
ALTHOUGH THEY'RE

637
00:22:45,533 --> 00:22:47,766
JUST OUT OF THE WATER 
AND RELAXING NOW.

638
00:22:47,766 --> 00:22:50,633
BUT THAT'S A PRETTY GOOD 
GROUP OF THEM OUT THERE.

639
00:22:50,633 --> 00:22:51,900
THOSE ARE NEAT BIRDS.

640
00:22:51,900 --> 00:22:52,900
LOOK OVER HERE.

641
00:22:52,900 --> 00:22:54,366
THESE, UH, LOOK LIKE...

642
00:22:54,366 --> 00:22:56,266
THEY'RE WHITE 
ON THE BODIES...

643
00:22:56,266 --> 00:22:57,266
WESTERN GREBES.

644
00:22:57,266 --> 00:22:58,700
LOOK AT THAT LONG NECK.

645
00:22:58,700 --> 00:23:00,666
I MEAN, VERY, 
VERY SLENDER NECK.

646
00:23:00,666 --> 00:23:02,900
BLACK ON THE BACK 
OF THE NECK THERE

647
00:23:02,900 --> 00:23:04,233
WHITE ON THE FRONT

648
00:23:04,233 --> 00:23:05,233
YELLOWISH BEAK.

649
00:23:05,233 --> 00:23:07,166
ISN'T THAT NEAT? 
WESTERN GREBE.

650
00:23:07,166 --> 00:23:08,800
VERY GRACEFUL 
ANIMAL, TOO.

651
00:23:08,800 --> 00:23:12,000
YEAH, WATCH THEM MOVE 
THROUGH THE WATER OUT THERE.

652
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:13,366
THEY DON'T SEEM TO BE

653
00:23:13,366 --> 00:23:15,433
UH, BOTHERED 
BY THE WIND AT ALL.

654
00:23:15,433 --> 00:23:17,533
NICE AND EASY 
AS THEY MOVE ALONG.

655
00:23:17,533 --> 00:23:18,633
ALMOST SWAN-LIKE.

656
00:23:18,633 --> 00:23:20,900
YEAH, SWAN-LIKE NECK, 
IT LOOKS LIKE.

657
00:23:20,900 --> 00:23:22,300
A VERY GRACEFUL BIRD.

658
00:23:22,300 --> 00:23:23,966
THAT MAY BE A LOON 
OUT THERE.

659
00:23:23,966 --> 00:23:25,466
THAT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE...

660
00:23:25,466 --> 00:23:27,133
THAT COULD BE 
A PACIFIC LOON.

661
00:23:27,133 --> 00:23:29,200
YOU KNOW, LOOK 
AT THAT FINE BILL...

662
00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:30,533
BEAK, NOT VERY LARGE

663
00:23:30,533 --> 00:23:32,333
AND THE COLORATION 
ON THE NECK.

664
00:23:32,333 --> 00:23:34,000
I THINK THAT'S 
A PACIFIC LOON

665
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:36,600
THAT'S JUST SPENDING 
SOME TIME ON THIS LAKE.

666
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:39,300
IT WOULD BE MORE 
DELICATE THAN 
THE COMMON LOON.

667
00:23:39,300 --> 00:23:40,400
YEAH, AND SMALLER.

668
00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:42,833
AND NOW THE, UH, 
THE COUPLE OF COOTS.

669
00:23:42,833 --> 00:23:44,566
OF COURSE, 
YOU WOULD EXPECT COOTS

670
00:23:44,566 --> 00:23:46,600
THAT REAL DARK BIRD 
ALL OVER THE PLACE

671
00:23:46,600 --> 00:23:47,766
WITH THE WHITER BEAK.

672
00:23:47,766 --> 00:23:49,900
NOW, I SEE SOME 
SCALP COMING BY, TOO

673
00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:50,900
A GROUP OF THEM.

674
00:23:50,900 --> 00:23:52,033
SEE THEM? 
OH, SURE.

675
00:23:52,033 --> 00:23:53,900
KIND OF MOVING 
IN OUR DIRECTION.

676
00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:56,100
THAT'S A PRETTY GOOD 
VARIETY OF BIRDS

677
00:23:56,100 --> 00:23:57,233
ON A DAY LIKE THIS.

678
00:23:57,233 --> 00:23:59,366
AND, AGAIN, 
STANDING WATER LIKE THIS

679
00:23:59,366 --> 00:24:01,100
BRINGS THOSE 
WATER BIRDS IN.

680
00:24:01,100 --> 00:24:02,300
NO DOUBT ABOUT THAT.

681
00:24:02,300 --> 00:24:04,833
WHAT A GREAT VISIT 
AND WHAT A HEALING VISIT

682
00:24:04,833 --> 00:24:07,433
HERE IN THE SOUTHERN 
SIERRAS OF CALIFORNIA.

683
00:24:07,433 --> 00:24:08,900
OH, IT'S 
A SPECIAL PLACE.

684
00:24:08,900 --> 00:24:10,533
IT'S AN UNFORGETTABLE PLACE

685
00:24:10,533 --> 00:24:12,066
AND WE WERE 
ABLE TO SEE IT

686
00:24:12,066 --> 00:24:14,466
STARTING UP HIGH 
AT THAT 7,000-FOOT LEVEL

687
00:24:14,466 --> 00:24:16,866
WITH THE SNOW 
AND THE CONIFEROUS FOREST.

688
00:24:16,866 --> 00:24:18,666
TALKED A LITTLE BIT 
ABOUT THE ROCKS

689
00:24:18,666 --> 00:24:21,100
YOU KNOW, THE GRANITE 
AND THE WAY IT WEATHERS.

690
00:24:21,100 --> 00:24:23,100
THAT WAS INTERESTING, 
I THINK, TO SEE.

691
00:24:23,100 --> 00:24:24,466
AND THEN, OF COURSE

692
00:24:24,466 --> 00:24:27,133
THE MOST SPECTACULAR TREE 
OF ALL, THE GIANT SEQUOIA

693
00:24:27,133 --> 00:24:28,866
THAT GIVES THIS FOREST 
ITS NAME.

694
00:24:28,866 --> 00:24:30,533
AND THEN DOWN 
TO THE CHAPARRAL.

695
00:24:30,533 --> 00:24:32,033
AND, OF COURSE, 
WE SAW EXACTLY

696
00:24:32,033 --> 00:24:33,333
WHAT WE EXPECTED, RIGHT?

697
00:24:33,333 --> 00:24:34,900
THE PLANTS 
AND ANIMALS TODAY.

698
00:24:34,900 --> 00:24:36,100
AND THE DIGGER PINES.

699
00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:38,300
DIGGER PINE, THE SCRUB JAY 
AND THE REST.

700
00:24:38,300 --> 00:24:40,300
AND THEN, OF COURSE, 
THE KERN RIVER

701
00:24:40,300 --> 00:24:42,900
THE CAMPGROUND WITH BIRDS, 
BIRDS AND MORE BIRDS

702
00:24:42,900 --> 00:24:44,933
MORE THAN I WOULD 
HAVE EVER EXPECTED.

703
00:24:44,933 --> 00:24:46,000
AND THEN, OF COURSE

704
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:47,866
EVENTUALLY DOWN AT THIS 
RESERVOIR.

705
00:24:47,866 --> 00:24:49,200
VERY INTERESTING VISIT.

706
00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:50,533
LOTS TO SEE HERE.

707
00:24:50,533 --> 00:24:52,133
SEQUOIA NATIONAL FOREST

708
00:24:52,133 --> 00:24:53,966
NEAR KERNVILLE, 
CALIFORNIA.

709
00:24:53,966 --> 00:24:55,966
COME AND SEE IT 
FOR YOURSELF.

710
00:24:55,966 --> 00:24:57,800
IT'S GREAT ANY 
TIME OF YEAR

711
00:24:57,800 --> 00:25:05,700
AND JOIN US AGAIN ON 
THE NEXT  NATURE SCENE.

712
00:25:05,700 --> 00:26:15,666
♪

713
00:26:18,866 --> 00:26:21,333
NATURE SCENE  IS MADE 
POSSIBLE IN PART

714
00:26:21,333 --> 00:26:23,300
BY A GRANT FROM SANTEE COOPER

715
00:26:23,300 --> 00:26:26,666
WHERE PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT 
OF OUR ENVIRONMENT

716
00:26:26,666 --> 00:26:30,200
ARE EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE 
TO PROVIDING ELECTRIC ENERGY.

717
00:26:32,200 --> 00:26:34,900
ADDITIONAL FUNDING IS PROVIDED

718
00:26:34,900 --> 00:26:38,600
BY THE CORPORATION 
FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING

719
00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:40,700
AND BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU

720
00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:44,866
MEMBERS OF THE ETV ENDOWMENT 
OF SOUTH CAROLINA.