WEBVTT 00:01.266 --> 00:03.433 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% Rudy:   THIS TIME ON NATURE SCENE 00:03.433 --> 00:06.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% WE VISIT YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 00:06.033 --> 00:08.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% LOCATED IN NORTHWEST WYOMING 00:08.100 --> 00:09.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% OUR OLDEST NATIONAL PARK 00:09.900 --> 00:13.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% IS WELL-KNOWN FOR ITS GEYSERS AND LARGE ANIMALS. 00:13.433 --> 00:16.800 align:left position:37.5% line:5% size:52.5% Announcer:   A PRODUCTION OF SOUTH CAROLINA ETV. 00:16.800 --> 00:19.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% NATURE SCENE IS MADE POSSIBLE IN PART 00:19.200 --> 00:21.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% BY A GENEROUS GRANT FROM SANTEE COOPER 00:21.733 --> 00:24.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHERE PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF OUR ENVIRONMENT 00:24.400 --> 00:29.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% ARE EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE TO PROVIDING ELECTRIC ENERGY. 00:31.333 --> 00:34.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% ADDITIONAL FUNDING IS PROVIDED 00:34.300 --> 00:38.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING 00:38.400 --> 00:40.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% AND BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU 00:40.533 --> 00:44.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% MEMBERS OF THE ETV ENDOWMENT OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 00:47.800 --> 01:48.000 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40% ♪ 01:50.066 --> 01:52.133 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% HELLO, AND WELCOME TO NATURE SCENE 01:52.133 --> 01:53.833 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 01:53.833 --> 01:55.300 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% IN NORTHWESTERN WYOMING. 01:55.300 --> 01:58.500 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% IT'S OUR OLDEST NATIONAL PARK AND ONE OF OUR LARGEST. 01:58.500 --> 02:01.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I'M JIM WELCH WITH NATURALIST RUDY MANCKE 02:01.166 --> 02:03.300 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND WE'RE HERE THE FIRST OF OCTOBER 02:03.300 --> 02:05.200 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% AND THE WEATHER, RUDY, I'M SURE 02:05.200 --> 02:07.300 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% IS BOUND TO CHANGE TIME AND AGAIN. 02:07.300 --> 02:09.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% IT'S GOING TO GET WARM, IT'S GOING TO GET CHILLY 02:09.700 --> 02:12.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% DEPENDING ON ELEVATION, AND CHANGE DAY BY DAY HERE. 02:12.500 --> 02:14.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% WHAT AN EXCITING PLACE, THOUGH. 02:14.266 --> 02:17.766 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% GEOLOGICALLY, THE STORY HERE IS A WONDERFUL STORY. 02:17.766 --> 02:20.900 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% IT'S A STORY OF HOT ROCK COMING UP FROM BELOW 02:20.900 --> 02:23.200 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55% AND AFFECTING THE ROCKS ABOVE IT. 02:23.200 --> 02:25.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WE'LL SEE GEYSERS, WE'LL SEE HOT SPRINGS 02:25.500 --> 02:27.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THOSE KINDS OF THINGS HERE. 02:27.033 --> 02:28.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ROCK BEING ALTERED BY THE HEAT. 02:28.866 --> 02:30.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GLACIERS HAVE BEEN HERE. 02:30.266 --> 02:32.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IT'S AN INTERESTING MIX, GEOLOGICALLY. 02:32.466 --> 02:33.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN, LARGE ANIMALS. 02:33.866 --> 02:36.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AT THIS PARK IT'S WELL-KNOWN FOR THE FACT 02:36.300 --> 02:38.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT LARGE ANIMALS ARE AVAILABLE TO US 02:38.533 --> 02:41.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND I THINK THAT'LL MAKE IT EXTRA NICE, TOO. 02:41.100 --> 02:42.600 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% IT'S A ZOO WITHOUT WALLS. 02:42.600 --> 02:43.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YEAH, IT REALLY IS. 02:43.733 --> 02:45.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND TALK ABOUT THE GEOLOGY. 02:45.000 --> 02:47.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IF YOU JUST TURN AROUND AND TAKE A LOOK HERE 02:47.000 --> 02:49.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW PLACES IN THE PARK 02:49.400 --> 02:51.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHERE YOU CAN SEE IT SO CLEARLY. 02:51.300 --> 02:53.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT ALL THAT GRAY MATERIAL DOWN BELOW US-- 02:53.766 --> 02:55.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LAYERING THERE-- IS SEDIMENTARY ROCK. 02:55.966 --> 02:57.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MARINE SHALES, CRETACEOUS AGE. 02:57.966 --> 02:59.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MOST EVERYTHING ELSE HERE 02:59.466 --> 03:02.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IS GOING TO BE VOLCANIC ROCK THAT WE'LL SEE. 03:02.166 --> 03:03.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT AGAIN, YOU CAN SEE 03:03.500 --> 03:05.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT THE GEOLOGICAL STORY HERE 03:05.500 --> 03:07.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GOES BACK A GOOD WAYS IN TIME. 03:07.066 --> 03:08.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND WHAT A BEAUTIFUL VIEW-- POND'S BELOW 03:08.933 --> 03:11.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND COLORS BEGINNING TO COME IN THIS TIME OF YEAR. 03:11.966 --> 03:13.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% I MEAN, THIS IS THE TIME OF YEAR 03:13.900 --> 03:16.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHEN THE QUAKING ASPEN BEGIN TO TURN YELLOW 03:16.533 --> 03:18.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND, OF COURSE, THE GREEN THERE-- 03:18.300 --> 03:19.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I THINK ALL OF THAT, REALLY 03:19.933 --> 03:22.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IS MOST LIKELY DOUGLAS FIR, WHICH IS WIDESPREAD HERE. 03:22.800 --> 03:25.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IS THAT A BEAR DOWN THERE? 03:25.700 --> 03:28.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK RIGHT DOWN THERE. GET YOUR GLASSES ON. 03:28.066 --> 03:29.700 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% THAT'S ONE OF THE BLACK BEARS. 03:29.700 --> 03:31.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT'S A BLACK BEAR THAT'S BROWN. 03:31.500 --> 03:32.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ISN'T THAT AMAZING? 03:32.600 --> 03:34.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SOMETIMES THEY'RE COLORED THAT WAY. 03:34.500 --> 03:35.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK AT HIM MOVING ALONG. 03:35.933 --> 03:37.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS IS THE TIME OF YEAR 03:37.333 --> 03:39.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AGAIN, WHEN THEY'RE EATING, EATING, EATING. 03:39.700 --> 03:41.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% STORING UP AS MUCH FAT AS POSSIBLE 03:41.566 --> 03:42.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR THE WINTER SLEEP. 03:42.766 --> 03:44.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK AT THAT ANIMAL MOVING ALONG. 03:44.566 --> 03:45.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLANTIGRADE MOVEMENT. 03:45.766 --> 03:47.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WALKING LIKE WE ARE-- FLATFOOTED. 03:47.633 --> 03:50.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MOVING BEHIND SOME PLANTS DOWN THERE, NOW, LOOK AT THAT. 03:50.733 --> 03:52.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO SEE HIM AGAIN. 03:52.633 --> 03:54.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I SAW A BLUEBIRD DOWN HERE, TOO. 03:54.233 --> 03:55.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE'S SOME SAGEBRUSH. 03:55.400 --> 03:57.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THIS IS A DRIER AREA OF THE PARK. 03:57.100 --> 03:58.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SEE THE FEMALE MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD 03:58.733 --> 04:00.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% PERCHED THERE LOOKING AT US? 04:00.166 --> 04:01.366 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40% OH, THAT'S... 04:01.366 --> 04:03.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% NOT SO PRETTY AND THEN TURNING AROUND-- 04:03.100 --> 04:04.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK AT THAT BACK! 04:04.133 --> 04:05.700 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% WHEN IT TURNS, YOU SEE THE BLUE. 04:05.700 --> 04:07.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YOU SEE THE BLUE MORE CLEARLY. 04:07.166 --> 04:09.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD IS A REALLY GOOD COMMON NAME 04:09.666 --> 04:12.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BECAUSE THEY LOVE ELEVATIONS THAT ARE ON THE RISE. 04:12.200 --> 04:13.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I SEE THE MALE DOWN THERE, TOO. 04:13.866 --> 04:15.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE BLUE ON HIM. 04:15.166 --> 04:17.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SEE? SITTING ON THE SAGEBRUSH DOWN THERE BELOW. 04:17.733 --> 04:19.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEAR'S BACK. 04:19.900 --> 04:21.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BEAR'S BACK. OUT IN THE OPEN. 04:21.500 --> 04:23.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND EATING. CAN YOU TELL WHAT HE'S AFTER? 04:23.966 --> 04:26.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YEAH, I THINK PROBABLY HE'S IN ROSES DOWN THERE. 04:26.666 --> 04:28.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO HE'S FEEDING ON THE FRUIT. 04:28.300 --> 04:29.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YOU KNOW, THE ROSE FRUIT. 04:29.666 --> 04:31.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ROSE HIPS, THEY'RE CALLED. 04:31.133 --> 04:33.333 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% HE'S AN OMNIVORE, TAKING PLANT AND ANIMAL MATERIAL. 04:33.333 --> 04:36.200 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% THIS TIME OF THE YEAR, THOUGH, HITTING PLANT, YOU KNOW, MATERIAL-- 04:36.200 --> 04:37.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FRUIT-- A LOT. 04:37.700 --> 04:39.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GOSH, HE'S... LOOK AT THAT FACE. 04:39.000 --> 04:40.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE WAY HE'S USING THOSE BIG PAWS 04:40.600 --> 04:42.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% TO PULL THE ROSES OVER TO HIM. 04:42.033 --> 04:43.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% OF COURSE, THE RULE GOES IN THE PARK: 04:43.833 --> 04:45.400 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% IF YOU'RE MAKING THE ANIMAL MOVE 04:45.400 --> 04:46.466 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% YOU'RE WAY TOO CLOSE. 04:46.466 --> 04:48.100 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% SO YOU WANT TO STAY YOUR DISTANCE. 04:48.100 --> 04:49.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OH, YEAH. YEAH. 04:49.433 --> 04:50.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ISN'T THAT NEAT TO SEE HIM 04:50.900 --> 04:52.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% FROM THIS VANTAGE POINT, THOUGH? 04:52.733 --> 04:54.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% KIND OF ABOVE HIM, LIKE WE ARE. 04:54.533 --> 04:56.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SPEAKING OF ANOTHER MAMMAL, NOW LOOK OVER HERE. 04:56.600 --> 04:57.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK AT THE RED SQUIRREL. 04:57.733 --> 04:58.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ( chuckling ) 04:58.733 --> 05:00.733 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30% OH, YEAH. 05:00.733 --> 05:02.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROBABLY A DOUGLAS FIR CONE. 05:02.366 --> 05:05.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% HE'S ROLLING IT ALMOST LIKE HE'S EATING CORN ON THE COB. 05:05.666 --> 05:08.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AGAIN, STORING UP ENERGY FOR USE LATER ON THIS YEAR. 05:08.700 --> 05:11.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% TEMPERATURES ARE BEGINNING TO FALL AT NIGHT ALREADY. 05:11.733 --> 05:14.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND I SEE SOMETHING ELSE GATHERING SOME FOOD. 05:14.266 --> 05:16.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK AT THE CHIPMUNK DOWN THERE. 05:16.033 --> 05:17.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FILLING HIS CHEEK POUCHES. 05:17.533 --> 05:19.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, COMING OUT IN THAT LITTLE AREA 05:19.666 --> 05:21.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GATHERING SMALL SEED OR WHATEVER. 05:21.533 --> 05:22.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND NOT EATING THEM, NOW. 05:22.966 --> 05:24.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JUST STUFFING THEM IN. 05:24.233 --> 05:26.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I THINK TASTING THEM, MAYBE, A LITTLE BIT 05:26.600 --> 05:28.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT STUFFING THEM IN THE CHEEK POUCHES. 05:28.800 --> 05:30.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THIS SHOULD BE AN INTERESTING VISIT. 05:30.866 --> 05:32.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I EXPECT TO SEE A LOT OF THINGS 05:32.633 --> 05:34.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AS WE GO FROM A LOWER AREA UP HIGHER. 05:34.766 --> 05:36.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK AT THIS RIGHT OVER HERE. 05:36.433 --> 05:38.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK RIGHT HERE AS WE TURN AROUND. 05:38.333 --> 05:41.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THREE PRONGHORN RIGHT THERE ON THE SIDE OF THE HILL. 05:41.300 --> 05:43.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ONE OF THEM IS A MALE, FOR SURE 05:43.033 --> 05:44.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH THE BIG HORNS ON IT. 05:44.466 --> 05:47.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND YOU SEE THE WAY THEY'RE TURNED IN ON THE TOP? 05:47.266 --> 05:49.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THEN WITH THOSE PRONGS ON THE FRONT 05:49.466 --> 05:51.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GIVING IT THE NAME "PRONGHORN." 05:51.200 --> 05:52.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOT REALLY A TRUE ANTELOPE 05:52.700 --> 05:55.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT AN ENDEMIC SPECIES OF THE GREAT PLAINS 05:55.066 --> 05:57.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND IN THIS PART OF THE UNITED STATES. 05:57.233 --> 05:59.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THEY HAVE ABOUT 500 OR SO HERE IN THE PARK. 05:59.600 --> 06:01.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WOW... YEAH, LOOK AT THOSE THINGS. 06:01.566 --> 06:03.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% JUST FEEDING, AGAIN, ON PLANT MATERIAL 06:03.666 --> 06:05.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RIGHT THERE ON THE EDGE. 06:05.066 --> 06:06.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VERY RAPID RUNNERS. 06:06.300 --> 06:08.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, THERE'S NO QUESTION ABOUT THAT. 06:08.766 --> 06:10.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND ONLY KNOWN FROM NORTH AMERICA. 06:10.900 --> 06:13.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% NO RELATIVES KNOWN ANYWHERE ELSE. 06:13.000 --> 06:15.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% KIND OF A WHITISH RUMP OR BUFF-COLORED RUMP. 06:15.300 --> 06:17.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YOU CAN SEE THAT VERY, VERY CLEARLY. 06:17.166 --> 06:19.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YOU CAN SEE STRIPING ON THE THROAT SOME. 06:19.266 --> 06:20.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% EVEN A DARK LINE DOWN THE BACK. 06:20.900 --> 06:22.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SEE? IT'S WALKING AWAY, NIBBLING 06:22.566 --> 06:23.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PUSHING HIS HEAD DOWN. 06:23.766 --> 06:24.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ( chuckling ) 06:24.766 --> 06:26.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEY STAY TOGETHER. 06:26.333 --> 06:29.333 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% THE MALE WILL KEEP A NUMBER OF FEMALES AROUND HIM YEAR-ROUND. 06:29.333 --> 06:32.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THIS IS THE LARGEST PARK OF THE LOWER 48 STATES. 06:32.166 --> 06:33.366 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% 350 MILES OF ROADS. 06:33.366 --> 06:35.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% PROBABLY THE BEST WAY TO SEE EVERYTHING 06:35.600 --> 06:37.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% FROM 5,200 HERE AT THE NORTH ENTRANCE 06:37.766 --> 06:39.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% ALL THE WAY UP INTO THE MOUNTAINS. 06:39.766 --> 06:41.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LET'S GET STARTED. 06:48.000 --> 06:49.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS LITTLE BOARDWALK 06:49.233 --> 06:51.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OUGHT TO GIVE US A REALLY GOOD VIEW, NOW 06:51.566 --> 06:52.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF A VERY SPECIAL PLACE. 06:52.966 --> 06:54.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I THINK IT'S A PLACE THAT, REALLY 06:54.900 --> 06:57.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHEN YOU THINK OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 06:57.400 --> 07:00.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% THIS IS ONE OF THE PLACES YOU THINK OF AUTOMATICALLY. 07:00.566 --> 07:01.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS 07:01.733 --> 07:04.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WITH SO MANY FOUNTAINS AND SPRINGS 07:04.433 --> 07:06.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% DOING SO MUCH TO CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE. 07:06.700 --> 07:09.633 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% IT'S AMAZING TO SEE HEATED WATER FLOWING LIKE THAT 07:09.633 --> 07:11.766 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% BRINGING MINERALS WITH IT, OF COURSE 07:11.766 --> 07:14.600 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% AND GIVING US SOME INTERESTING COLORS HERE, JIM. 07:14.600 --> 07:16.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHAT DOES FORCE IT UP OUT, SO HOT 07:16.566 --> 07:18.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE TO THE SURFACE? 07:18.100 --> 07:20.566 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40% WELL, THE HEAT COMES FROM DEEP WITHIN THE CRUST 07:20.566 --> 07:22.533 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND ON INTO THE MANTLE OF THE EARTH. 07:22.533 --> 07:24.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% IT'S A HOT SPOT HERE UNDER YELLOWSTONE PARK 07:24.833 --> 07:27.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% THAT HEATS THE WATER TO ABOUT 107 DEGREES OR SO. 07:27.466 --> 07:29.100 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% YOU NEED HEAT, YOU NEED WATER 07:29.100 --> 07:30.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% WHICH IS RAINWATER AND SNOWMELT 07:30.900 --> 07:32.533 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% THAT GETS DOWN IN THE GROUND. 07:32.533 --> 07:35.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND THEN WHAT HAPPENS IS THAT THE HEATED WATER 07:35.200 --> 07:37.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% COMBINES WITH CARBON DIOXIDE DEEP IN THE EARTH 07:37.866 --> 07:40.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% COMES THROUGH LIMESTONE, DISSOLVES THE LIMESTONE AWAY 07:40.966 --> 07:44.166 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60% AND CARRIES THE CALCIUM CARBONATE MINERALS IN THE WATER. 07:44.166 --> 07:46.000 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND WHEN IT COMES TO THE SURFACE 07:46.000 --> 07:48.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THEY PRECIPITATE OUT AND LOOK WHAT YOU GET. 07:48.466 --> 07:50.333 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% YOU GET THESE STAIR-STEP EFFECTS. 07:50.333 --> 07:53.966 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% AND SO MANY COLORS, FROM PINK AND BUFF TO SNOW WHITE. 07:53.966 --> 07:55.233 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% DIFFERENT MINERALS STAIN IT 07:55.233 --> 07:56.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND ALSO THERE ARE MICROORGANISMS 07:56.800 --> 07:58.233 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% THAT LIVE IN THAT HOT WATER 07:58.233 --> 08:00.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% THAT GIVE IT A LITTLE BIT OF A COLOR DIFFERENCE, TOO. 08:00.666 --> 08:03.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% BUT YOU CAN SEE LAYERS, TIERS OF THAT MATERIAL. 08:03.766 --> 08:06.533 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40% BUT AGAIN, IT'S A COMBINATION OF HEAT, WATER 08:06.533 --> 08:08.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND AN INTERESTING PLUMBING SYSTEM 08:08.733 --> 08:11.066 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% I GUESS, WOULD BE THE WAY TO SAY IT. 08:11.066 --> 08:13.633 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% IT'S NOT HOT ENOUGH HERE TO FORM GEYSERS 08:13.633 --> 08:16.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% BUT IT'S HOT ENOUGH TO FORM THESE HOT SPRINGS. 08:16.633 --> 08:19.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND LOOK AT THE STEAM JUST RISING UP OFF OF IT 08:19.500 --> 08:20.933 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% AGAINST THAT BLUE SKY. 08:20.933 --> 08:22.933 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30% WOW. 08:22.933 --> 08:25.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND RIGHT AT THE EDGE, A FIR, JUNIPER AND GRASSES. 08:25.800 --> 08:28.266 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40% YEAH. WELL, THE TWO TREES THAT DOMINATE HERE 08:28.266 --> 08:29.733 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% ROCKY MOUNTAIN JUNIPER THERE 08:29.733 --> 08:31.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% YOU CAN SEE THE BERRY-LIKE CONES ON IT. 08:31.800 --> 08:33.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% THAT'S VERY EASY TO IDENTIFY HERE. 08:33.633 --> 08:35.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% PRETTY WIDESPREAD IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 08:35.833 --> 08:38.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND THEN THE ONE ABOVE IT IS DOUGLAS FIR 08:38.333 --> 08:39.766 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% WITH NICE CONES ON IT. 08:39.766 --> 08:42.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND THAT'S A VERY, VERY WIDESPREAD CONIFER. 08:42.466 --> 08:45.700 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% BOTH OF THOSE ARE, IN THIS PART OF THE UNITED STATES. 08:45.700 --> 08:47.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% LOOK OVER THERE AT THE PART OF THE SPRING NOW 08:47.733 --> 08:49.800 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% THAT DOESN'T HAVE ANY HOT WATER FLOWING THOUGH. 08:49.800 --> 08:51.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% THAT'S ONE OF THE ELK, YEAH. 08:51.066 --> 08:52.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% THERE'S A YOUNG ELK, A YEARLING ELK. 08:52.800 --> 08:54.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A YOUNG ELK. 08:54.133 --> 08:55.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% PROBABLY 18 MONTHS OLD OR SO. 08:55.633 --> 08:57.466 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% YOU CAN SEE THE SPIKES ON THE TOP. 08:57.466 --> 08:58.866 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% STANDING UP, LOOKING AROUND 08:58.866 --> 09:00.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% LICKING A LITTLE BIT OF THIS MATERIAL 09:00.900 --> 09:02.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% GETTING A LITTLE CALCIUM CARBONATE. 09:02.766 --> 09:04.366 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% AND LOOK AT HIM SETTLING DOWN. 09:04.366 --> 09:06.500 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% THAT MEANS HE'S NOT AFRAID OF US AT ALL. 09:06.500 --> 09:07.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KNEELING DOWN 09:07.933 --> 09:09.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THEN THE BACK FEET SLIP OUT UNDER 09:09.566 --> 09:10.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND DOWN HE GOES. 09:10.866 --> 09:12.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THE FRONT LEGS GO DOWN AND DOWN HE GOES. 09:12.566 --> 09:14.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% LOOKS LIKE HE'S JUST GOING TO SLEEP THERE. 09:14.433 --> 09:16.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND AGAIN, WHEN THE WATER STOPS FLOWING-- 09:16.166 --> 09:17.366 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% THE HOT WATER STOPS FLOWING... 09:17.366 --> 09:18.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT COOLS. 09:18.700 --> 09:19.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% ...THEN THIS TRAVERTINE-- 09:19.933 --> 09:21.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% THIS CALCIUM CARBONATE DEPOSIT-- 09:21.733 --> 09:23.100 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% EVENTUALLY WEARS AWAY. 09:23.100 --> 09:26.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I ALSO HEAR AND SEE LOTS OF BIRDS AROUND US HERE. 09:26.000 --> 09:28.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AMERICAN ROBIN UP IN THE TREE THERE, SEE IT? 09:28.633 --> 09:30.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OH, YEAH. 09:30.000 --> 09:31.533 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% THAT'S THE GOOD OLD AMERICAN ROBIN. 09:31.533 --> 09:32.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% THAT'S ONE OF THOSE ANIMALS 09:32.800 --> 09:34.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THAT YOU SEE WIDESPREAD IN THE UNITED STATES. 09:34.766 --> 09:36.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND LOOK AT THE RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH. 09:36.633 --> 09:38.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% IT'S TAKING SOMETHING FROM THE CONES-- 09:38.500 --> 09:40.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% TAKING THE SEED OF THOSE DOUGLAS FIR CONES. 09:40.700 --> 09:41.700 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40% ( chuckling ) 09:41.700 --> 09:43.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% THAT'S A NEAT ONE, THERE. 09:43.100 --> 09:44.366 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% AND I ALSO SEE, WHAT IS THAT? 09:44.366 --> 09:46.066 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% CLARK'S NUTCRACKER UP THERE PREENING. 09:46.066 --> 09:47.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GRAY AND THEN THE BLACK AND WHITE. 09:47.600 --> 09:49.133 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% GRAY AND BLACK AND WHITE, YEAH. 09:49.133 --> 09:51.633 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% AND THAT'S ANOTHER ONE THAT TAKES SEED FROM CONIFER CONES. 09:51.633 --> 09:54.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND THERE'S ANOTHER RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH 09:54.166 --> 09:56.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% ON THE BRANCH OF THE TREE, SEE IT THERE? 09:56.666 --> 09:58.400 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% A LOT OF VARIETY RIGHT HERE. 09:58.400 --> 10:00.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND WE'RE STILL AT THE NORTH ENTRANCE 10:00.000 --> 10:02.100 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% NEAR THE BEGINNING OF THIS VISIT TO YELLOWSTONE. 10:02.100 --> 10:03.466 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% LOTS MORE TO SEE. 10:03.466 --> 10:04.833 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% LET'S KEEP GOING. 10:10.366 --> 10:12.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THE YELLOWSTONE PLATEAU IS FLAT-TOPPED 10:12.566 --> 10:14.966 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND BASICALLY CAUSED BY VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 10:14.966 --> 10:16.533 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% AS WE'VE ALREADY MENTIONED. 10:16.533 --> 10:17.800 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% TWO EPISODES AT LEAST. 10:17.800 --> 10:19.566 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% ONE 50 MILLION YEARS OR SO AGO 10:19.566 --> 10:22.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% AND THEN QUITE A FEW WITHIN THE PAST 2 MILLION YEARS. 10:22.700 --> 10:24.033 align:left position:60% line:77% size:30% Jim: THIS GIVES YOU A CHANCE 10:24.033 --> 10:26.000 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40% TO REALLY SEE THE BIG PICTURE OF YELLOWSTONE. 10:26.000 --> 10:27.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% OH, BOY. 10:27.000 --> 10:28.633 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% 2.2 MILLION ACRES 10:28.633 --> 10:31.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% LARGER THAN DELAWARE, RHODE ISLAND COMBINED. 10:31.000 --> 10:33.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% AND ELECTRIC PEAK, THERE, REFLECTING IN THE POND 10:33.500 --> 10:35.333 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% BUT CLOUDS ON TOP OF IT RIGHT NOW. 10:35.333 --> 10:36.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YEAH. 10:36.866 --> 10:38.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE POND RIGHT IN FRONT OF US IS NICE. 10:38.866 --> 10:40.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND AGAIN YOU SEE THE FLAT AREA. 10:40.633 --> 10:42.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOTS OF GRASSES; LOW. 10:42.633 --> 10:44.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN THE CONIFERS 10:44.100 --> 10:46.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WITH SOME YELLOW ASPENS COMING IN 10:46.366 --> 10:48.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LIKE WE SAW A LITTLE BIT EARLIER. 10:48.633 --> 10:50.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VERY, VERY EXCITING PLACE. 10:50.300 --> 10:52.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT I NOTICED AS WE CAME IN-- 10:52.100 --> 10:53.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK RIGHT OVER HERE. 10:53.466 --> 10:55.033 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30% OH, THE ELK. 10:55.033 --> 10:56.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW, THOSE ARE ELK. 10:56.700 --> 10:59.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% NOW, WE SAW THE YOUNG MALE A MOMENT AGO 10:59.300 --> 11:01.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT LOOK AT THE BULL ELK THERE 11:01.400 --> 11:03.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH A TREMENDOUS RACK ON IT. 11:03.433 --> 11:05.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND ALL OF THOSE TINES STICKING OFF 11:05.833 --> 11:07.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ON EACH OF THOSE ANTLERS. 11:07.600 --> 11:08.833 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% YOU CAN HEAR THEM BUGLING 11:08.833 --> 11:10.466 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% THIS TIME OF YEAR IN THE AUTUMN. 11:10.466 --> 11:12.033 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% IT'S A SPECIAL TIME TO BE HERE. 11:12.033 --> 11:13.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WELL, THIS IS THE RUTTING SEASON. 11:13.400 --> 11:14.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THE MALES, THE OLD BULLS 11:14.633 --> 11:16.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WILL GATHER TOGETHER A GROUP OF FEMALES 11:16.366 --> 11:17.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN A LITTLE HAREM 11:17.833 --> 11:19.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OR REALLY, A LARGE HAREM SOMETIMES 11:19.900 --> 11:23.533 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% AND THEY HAVE THE YOUNGER ANIMALS WITH THEM, THE FEMALES DO. 11:23.533 --> 11:25.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN THEY'RE OUT HERE 11:25.100 --> 11:26.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BASICALLY GETTING SOME FOOD 11:26.733 --> 11:30.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THEN THE BULL MAKES SURE THAT EVERYTHING STAYS IN PLACE 11:30.400 --> 11:33.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND CHALLENGES OTHER BULLS WITH THOSE BUGLES. 11:33.200 --> 11:34.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOSH, THAT IS AMAZING. 11:34.633 --> 11:36.100 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% WAPITI IS THE NAME IN INDIAN 11:36.100 --> 11:37.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND IT'S BECAUSE OF THE WHITE RUMP 11:37.900 --> 11:39.166 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40% ON THE ANIMAL. 11:39.166 --> 11:41.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YEAH, AND YOU CAN SEE, REALLY, IT'S INTERESTING 11:41.433 --> 11:43.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A LIGHTER REAR END 11:43.033 --> 11:45.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THEN THAT DARKER NECK AND HEAD. 11:45.100 --> 11:46.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU KNOW, THAT DARK BROWN. 11:46.666 --> 11:48.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OH, THOSE ARE BIG ANTLERS. 11:48.266 --> 11:49.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S AMAZING, AGAIN. 11:49.666 --> 11:52.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GROWING A PAIR OF THOSE, SHEDDING THEM EVERY YEAR. 11:52.533 --> 11:54.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND LOOK AT HOW WIDE APART THEY ARE. 11:54.633 --> 11:56.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, THAT IS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING. 11:56.700 --> 11:59.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE MALE THIS TIME OF YEAR SPENDS A LOT OF ENERGY 11:59.633 --> 12:01.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KEEPING HIS HAREM TOGETHER 12:01.266 --> 12:02.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND ALSO, OF COURSE, MATING. 12:02.966 --> 12:04.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THEN HE, BASICALLY, IS A LONER 12:04.966 --> 12:06.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR THE REST OF THE YEAR. 12:06.500 --> 12:09.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I SEE SOMETHING OVER HERE-- LOOK. 12:09.133 --> 12:11.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK OVER THERE IN THE GRASSES. 12:11.633 --> 12:13.366 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40% OH, THE COYOTE. 12:13.366 --> 12:15.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% COMING IN, COMING IN RIGHT THERE. 12:15.133 --> 12:16.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% JUST DOING A LITTLE BIT OF MOVING. 12:16.966 --> 12:18.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BLENDING IN SO BEAUTIFULLY. 12:18.400 --> 12:20.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% NOW THAT'S AN ANIMAL THAT COULD GET AN ELK 12:20.666 --> 12:22.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IF IT'S A SMALL ONE, YOU KNOW. 12:22.300 --> 12:25.466 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% BUT PROBABLY THESE ARE VERY WELL-PROTECTED FROM THE COYOTE. 12:25.466 --> 12:26.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOKING FOR SMALLER MAMMALS. 12:26.966 --> 12:29.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND, OF COURSE, HE FEEDS ON PLANT AND ANIMAL MATERIAL. 12:29.800 --> 12:31.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT THAT IS A BEAUTIFUL ANIMAL. 12:31.466 --> 12:33.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% A LITTLE REDDISH ON THE BACK OF THE EARS. 12:33.566 --> 12:35.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MOVES SO EASILY, WITHOUT ANY PROBLEM AT ALL. 12:35.966 --> 12:40.533 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% AND BASICALLY, THE FEMALE CHOOSES THE SAME MALE YEAR AFTER YEAR 12:40.533 --> 12:44.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO IN THAT SENSE, THEY BASICALLY MATE FOR LIFE. 12:44.000 --> 12:46.000 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% FEED ON WHAT, SMALL RODENTS? 12:46.000 --> 12:47.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YEAH, ALL SORTS OF ANIMALS. 12:47.233 --> 12:48.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND SOMETIMES PLANT MATERIAL, TOO. 12:48.800 --> 12:51.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ARE THOSE...? LOOK AT THE LITTLE, UH... 12:51.066 --> 12:53.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IT LOOKS LIKE A YOUNGER ONE ROLLING OVER THERE 12:53.566 --> 12:55.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THE PARENT SPENDING SOME TIME WITH IT 12:55.533 --> 12:56.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BONDING TOGETHER. 12:56.833 --> 12:58.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ISN'T THAT AMAZING? 12:58.233 --> 12:59.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% AND THIS IS A PERFECT PLACE NOW 12:59.933 --> 13:02.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BECAUSE THESE ANIMALS CAN SNEAK UP ON OTHER ANIMALS 13:02.800 --> 13:04.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN THE TALL GRASS. 13:04.700 --> 13:06.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WIDESPREAD ANIMAL IN THE PARK. 13:06.133 --> 13:08.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I NOTICED SOMETHING ELSE OVER HERE ON THE WATER. 13:08.533 --> 13:10.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CANADA GEESE. 13:10.500 --> 13:11.500 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% OH, VERY DEFINITELY. 13:11.500 --> 13:12.966 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% THAT WHITE PATCH ON THE CHEEK. 13:12.966 --> 13:13.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OH, ABSOLUTELY. 13:13.966 --> 13:15.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK AT THAT THING. 13:15.566 --> 13:17.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK AT THE LONG NECK GOING DOWN 13:17.333 --> 13:19.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GETTING PLANTS IN THE WATER NOW. 13:19.100 --> 13:20.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THEY'RE BASICALLY PLANT EATERS 13:20.766 --> 13:22.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% GETTING PLANTS IN THE WATER 13:22.233 --> 13:24.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND ALSO COMING OUT ON LAND TO GET SOME FOOD. 13:24.766 --> 13:27.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT THE CANADA GEESE, WIDESPREAD IN THE UNITED STATES 13:27.733 --> 13:29.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND AGAIN, SPENDING A LOT OF TIME HERE. 13:29.900 --> 13:31.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOSH, THAT'S A LONG NECK. 13:31.333 --> 13:32.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND YOU CAN SEE IT GOING DOWN 13:32.933 --> 13:34.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SEE THEM CHOMPING 13:34.133 --> 13:35.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ON THAT GREEN PLANT MATERIAL. 13:35.733 --> 13:37.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% A CANADA GEESE, I WOULD EXPECT, MORE SO 13:37.866 --> 13:40.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% BUT LOOK OVER HERE, RUDY-- A GREAT BLUE HERON. 13:40.600 --> 13:42.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% A GREAT BLUE HERON OVER THERE. 13:42.366 --> 13:43.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YEAH, JUST STANDING UP. 13:43.766 --> 13:45.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ISN'T THAT AMAZING? STANDING UP TALL. 13:45.833 --> 13:47.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LONG NECK, STILETTO-LIKE BEAK. 13:47.433 --> 13:48.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ( chuckling ) 13:48.433 --> 13:49.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S INTERESTING. 13:49.700 --> 13:52.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND, OF COURSE, NOT FEEDING ON PLANT MATERIAL. 13:52.300 --> 13:54.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT ANIMAL IS ACTUALLY GETTING FISH 13:54.433 --> 13:55.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND OTHER ANIMALS TO EAT. 13:55.933 --> 13:58.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND PREENING. LOOK AT THE PREENING. 13:58.000 --> 13:59.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND PULLING THE FEATHERS UP. 13:59.666 --> 14:01.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU SEE THE WAY THEY'RE... 14:01.333 --> 14:03.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% HE'S PULLING THE FEATHERS UP AND APART 14:03.566 --> 14:04.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO PREEN BETWEEN THEM. 14:04.866 --> 14:06.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S AN AMAZING ANIMAL. 14:06.400 --> 14:09.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND YOU CAN IMAGINE, NOW, THAT ANIMAL AT NIGHT 14:09.000 --> 14:10.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IS PERFECT PREY FOR COYOTE. 14:10.566 --> 14:12.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THE COYOTE COULD COME AND TAKE 14:12.433 --> 14:15.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% EITHER THE CANADA GOOSE OR THAT GREAT BLUE HERON 14:15.266 --> 14:16.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITHOUT TOO MUCH TROUBLE. 14:16.800 --> 14:18.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% SO MANY BEAUTIFUL THINGS TO SEE AT YELLOWSTONE 14:18.900 --> 14:23.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% BUT THE GREAT G THE, PREENING 14:23.900 --> 14:25.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% AS IF WE WERE NOT EVEN HERE. 14:25.366 --> 14:27.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YOU CAN REALLY GET CLOSE TO LARGE ANIMALS AT THIS PARK. 14:27.933 --> 14:29.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% THAT'S NICE. 14:29.100 --> 14:31.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WE MENTIONED VOLCANIC ACTIVITY, THOUGH. 14:31.133 --> 14:33.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I THINK WE'RE GOING TO SEE CLEAR SIGNS OF THAT NEXT. 14:42.966 --> 14:46.800 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% LONG BEFORE THE, UH, FIRST WHITES STARTED COMING INTO THE AREA 14:46.800 --> 14:48.400 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% INDIANS LIVED IN THIS AREA 14:48.400 --> 14:51.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND THESE, UH, THEY CALL "SHEEP-EATER CLIFFS." 14:51.300 --> 14:52.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ( chuckles ) 14:52.466 --> 14:54.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE INDIANS, I GUESS, TOOK ADVANTAGE 14:54.666 --> 14:56.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN THE AREA, HUH? 14:56.733 --> 14:59.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OH, THAT'S SPECTACULAR... AND AS WE SAID 14:59.400 --> 15:02.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, THIS IS CLEAR SIGN OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. 15:02.433 --> 15:05.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THIS IS REALLY FAIRLY RECENT, PLEISTOCENE TIMES 15:05.333 --> 15:06.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHEN THIS BASALT CAME IN 15:06.866 --> 15:08.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND BASICALLY, NOW, IT WASN'T EXPOSED 15:08.900 --> 15:10.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE IT COOLED SLOWLY. 15:10.300 --> 15:13.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YOU CAN TELL THAT BECAUSE THEY'RE COLUMNS THERE. 15:13.066 --> 15:15.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% COLUMNAR JOINING IS WHAT THAT'S CALLED. 15:15.566 --> 15:18.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% VERY DEFINITE COLUMNS THAT, UH, OVER TIME TOPPLE OVER. 15:18.566 --> 15:19.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% FOREASALIS SLOPE, YEAH. 15:19.800 --> 15:21.466 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% WH-WHEN YOU SAY THEY "CAME IN" 15:21.466 --> 15:23.133 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% THEY WERE... THEY WERE LIQUID? 15:23.133 --> 15:24.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY WERE INJECTED. 15:24.500 --> 15:27.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THIS IS MORE VOLCANIC MATERIAL THAT WAS INJECTED IN 15:27.133 --> 15:28.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOT AT THE SURFACE, NOW 15:28.466 --> 15:31.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT DEEP ENOUGH SO THAT THIS COULD COOL SLOWLY 15:31.166 --> 15:33.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND NOW CREATING PRETTY GOOD HABITAT HERE 15:33.633 --> 15:36.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% FOR LOTS OF, UH, ANIMALS, I WOULD IMAGINE. 15:36.066 --> 15:37.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO MANY PIECES TO THIS PUZZLE-- 15:37.766 --> 15:39.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THIS VOLCANIC STORY OF THIS PARK. 15:39.733 --> 15:42.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, AND, OF COURSE, THAT'S SOMETHING WE'VE SAID-- 15:42.800 --> 15:43.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S CONTINUING. 15:43.966 --> 15:45.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, IT HAS NOT STOPPED YET. 15:45.600 --> 15:48.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% TH-THE VOLCANIC PROCESSES ARE CONTINUING EVEN TODAY. 15:48.433 --> 15:50.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I SEE SOMETHING DOWN THERE ON THE ROCK. 15:50.533 --> 15:52.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ( laughing ): LOOK AT THE COMMON RAVEN. 15:52.633 --> 15:54.300 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% RAVEN CLOSE UP... 15:54.300 --> 15:56.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT IS A BIG ANIMAL, ISN'T IT? 15:56.100 --> 15:58.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MUCH LARGER THAN A CROW, AND YOU CAN SEE 15:58.433 --> 16:00.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT ROMAN-NOSE LOOK ON THE BEAK 16:00.366 --> 16:02.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHICH IS SO TYPICAL OF THAT ANIMAL. 16:02.400 --> 16:04.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% DOESN'T SEEM TO BE BOTHERED BY US. 16:04.400 --> 16:07.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AGAIN, ANIMALS HERE ARE USED TO PEOPLE COMING BY 16:07.266 --> 16:09.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO YOU GET A LOT BETTER VIEWS. 16:09.100 --> 16:11.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% OH, THE BEAUTIFUL SIGHT OF THOSE BISON. 16:11.000 --> 16:13.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% NOW, THEY'VE MADE A BIG COMEBACK IN THIS COUNTRY. 16:13.466 --> 16:14.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OH, YEAH. 16:14.800 --> 16:16.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OH, THEY'RE ALL OVER THE PLACE 16:16.300 --> 16:18.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND, YOU KNOW, ELK WERE MORE WIDESPREAD. 16:18.233 --> 16:20.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO WERE BISON, AND THEN THE NUMBERS DWINDLED. 16:20.533 --> 16:21.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW, THEY'RE COMING BACK. 16:21.833 --> 16:23.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THOSE ARE BASICALLY COWS AND CALVES, UH 16:23.800 --> 16:25.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WITH A FEW MALES IN THERE ON THE SIDE 16:25.866 --> 16:27.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND, AGAIN, UH, GRAZING OUT THERE 16:27.700 --> 16:30.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% RIGHT NEAR SOME, UH, SOME WATER ALONG THAT LOW AREA. 16:30.633 --> 16:32.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% OVER 4,000 BISON IN THE PARK TODAY. 16:32.600 --> 16:35.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% IF YOU WANT TO SEE THEM, THIS IS THE PLACE TO COME. 16:35.466 --> 16:38.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YEAH. RUTTING SEASON USUALLY STARTS IN AUGUST 16:38.033 --> 16:39.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND CONTINUES ON 16:39.300 --> 16:41.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THEN THEY GIVE BIRTH TO YOUNG IN THE SPRING 16:41.733 --> 16:43.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% USUALLY, ONE YOUNG AT A TIME. 16:43.300 --> 16:45.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% TH-THOSE ARE AMAZING ANIMALS, ON THE COMEBACK 16:45.733 --> 16:47.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND AGAIN, SCIENTIFIC NAME FOR THAT-- 16:47.800 --> 16:49.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BISON BISON. 16:49.000 --> 16:51.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO, THE COMMON NAME IS USUALLY BISON 16:51.100 --> 16:53.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT SOMETIMES WE-WE CALL IT "BUFFALO" 16:53.333 --> 16:56.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OF COURSE... AND THEN THAT BEAUTIFUL VIEW AGAIN-- 16:56.766 --> 16:58.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE OF THOSE, UH... 16:58.833 --> 17:03.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT COLUMNAR JOINING THAT'S SO TYPICAL OF BASALT 17:03.966 --> 17:09.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHEN IT COMES IN UNDERGROUND AND HAS TIME TO COOL. 17:12.966 --> 17:15.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% WHAT A DIFFERENCE A DAY CAN MAKE IN THE WEATHER 17:15.766 --> 17:19.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% ESPECIALLY IN AUTUMN, WHERE ONE DAY IT'S INDIAN SUMMER 17:19.033 --> 17:21.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% AND THE NEXT DAY, IT'S A COLD WINTER DAY ALMOST. 17:21.900 --> 17:24.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT'S RIGHT, AND ELEVATION, OF COURSE 17:24.200 --> 17:26.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MAKES THE DIFFERENCE, TOO, IN THIS PARK. 17:26.566 --> 17:28.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO MANY INTERESTING THINGS INVOLVED 17:28.666 --> 17:31.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WITH MAKING THIS A VERY, VERY SPECIAL PLACE 17:31.233 --> 17:33.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT, AS WE'VE ALREADY MENTIONED 17:33.100 --> 17:35.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% VOLCANIC ACTIVITY HAS REALLY LEFT 17:35.066 --> 17:36.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AN IMPRESSION ON THIS PLACE 17:36.666 --> 17:38.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THAT CONTINUES EVEN TO TODAY. 17:38.533 --> 17:41.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% NORRIS GEYSER BASIN IS WELL-KNOWN FOR THE FACT 17:41.166 --> 17:44.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT THIS IS REALLY THE HOTTEST PLACE IN THE PARK 17:44.000 --> 17:47.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THE MOST ACTIVE, AS FAR AS GEYSERS ARE CONCERNED. 17:47.066 --> 17:49.166 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% 115,000 YEARS SOME OF THESE HOT SPRINGS 17:49.166 --> 17:51.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% HAVE BEEN BUBBLING UP, AS FAR AS THE RECORDS. 17:51.633 --> 17:52.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNBELIEVABLE. 17:52.800 --> 17:54.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% YOU CAN SEE THEM POPPING UP 17:54.266 --> 17:56.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ALL AROUND THE PLACE, HERE AND THERE. 17:56.300 --> 17:58.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MATTER OF FACT, YOU CAN EVEN HEAR THEM 17:58.400 --> 17:59.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AS THEY'RE POPPING UP 17:59.600 --> 18:02.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND AGAIN, THE WATER IS EXTREMELY HOT-- 18:02.133 --> 18:03.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% PROBABLY DEEP DOWN IN THE, UH 18:03.933 --> 18:06.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IN THE EARTH HERE, 450 DEGREES OR SO. 18:06.233 --> 18:09.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE WATER IS HEATED AND IT COMES ON UP, SPRAYS OUT 18:09.400 --> 18:11.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND REALLY, THAT'S THE DIFFERENCE 18:11.033 --> 18:12.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BETWEEN GEYSERS AND HOT SPRINGS-- 18:12.800 --> 18:14.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S THE WATER TEMPERATURE 18:14.166 --> 18:16.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND ALSO THE PLUMBING SYSTEM IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT. 18:16.866 --> 18:18.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% IT ALLOWS STEAM TO BUILD UP DEEP 18:18.700 --> 18:20.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THEN SPRAY UP, AND YOU SEE IT 18:20.666 --> 18:22.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SQUIRTING WATER OUT HERE AND THERE. 18:22.600 --> 18:24.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE REASON THAT IT'S SO HOT HERE IS 18:24.566 --> 18:27.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT WE'RE RIGHT ON TOP OF INTERSECTING FAULTS 18:27.166 --> 18:28.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT CONNECT TO A MAGMA CHAMBER 18:28.900 --> 18:30.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEEP WITHIN THE EARTH 18:30.100 --> 18:32.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THAT'S WHERE THE HEAT COMES FROM. 18:32.200 --> 18:34.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% SNOW FALLING ON THE MIST AND STEAM 18:34.600 --> 18:37.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% FROM THESE HOT, UH, SPRINGS... UNBELIEVABLE. 18:37.666 --> 18:40.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% BUT REMEMBER, JUST, UH, A DAY OR TWO AGO 18:40.333 --> 18:42.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% WHEN WE WERE LOOKING AT OLD FAITHFUL 18:42.733 --> 18:44.500 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% ACROSS THE PARK FROM HERE. 18:44.500 --> 18:47.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% WELL, THAT'S THE BEST-KNOWN GEYSER, I GUESS 18:47.366 --> 18:49.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 18:47.366 --> 18:49.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FO  18:47.366 --> 18:49.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% R SURE 18:49.933 --> 18:51.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND IT IS 18:49.933 --> 18:51.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A   18:49.933 --> 18:51.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SPECTACULAR SIGHT. 19:52.966 --> 19:54.566 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% 10,000 GALLONS OF WATER... 19:54.566 --> 19:56.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% WHAT, 140, 150 FEET IN THE AIR. 19:56.500 --> 19:58.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% PEOPLE COME 19:56.500 --> 19:58.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FR  19:56.500 --> 19:58.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OM ALL OVER TO SEE IT. 19:58.733 --> 20:00.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THERE ARE ALSO 19:58.733 --> 20:00.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PE  19:58.733 --> 20:00.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OPLE NOW 20:00.300 --> 20:02.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHO ARE VERY, VERY INTERESTED 20:02.200 --> 20:05.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IN THIS PLACE BECAUSE OF THE WARM-WATER ORGANISMS. 20:05.600 --> 20:06.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I MEAN, THERE ARE 20:06.866 --> 20:08.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% INTERESTING, UH, MICROORGANISMS THAT LIVE HERE 20:08.666 --> 20:10.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND WHEN YOU SEE ALL THE COLORS... 20:10.200 --> 20:11.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% JUST LOOK AT THE COLORS RIGHT IN FRONT. 20:11.900 --> 20:13.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% REALLY, THEY GO ON AROUND HERE. 20:13.300 --> 20:14.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, THE COLORS ARE THERE 20:14.500 --> 20:16.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BECAUSE OF ALGAE THAT ARE LIVING THERE 20:16.133 --> 20:17.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND BACTERIA THAT ARE LIVING IN THERE... 20:17.900 --> 20:18.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ALL SORTS OF STRANGE 20:18.966 --> 20:20.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND WONDERFUL THINGS GOING ON HERE. 20:20.400 --> 20:22.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% AND WINTER SNOW WON'T EFFECT COLORATION TOO MUCH 20:22.533 --> 20:23.533 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% AS FAR AS ACTUALLY...? 20:23.533 --> 20:24.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOT REALLY, NO. 20:24.600 --> 20:26.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MINERALS HAVE AN EFFECT ON IT, TOO 20:26.166 --> 20:27.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% TO, UH... A LITTLE BIT. 20:27.566 --> 20:30.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% MOST OF THE MATERIAL AROUND HERE IS KNOWN AS GEYSERITE. 20:30.000 --> 20:32.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IT'S-IT'S SILICON DIOXIDE, VERY MUCH LIKE QUARTZ 20:32.400 --> 20:34.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BECAUSE THE HOT WATER, AS IT COMES THROUGH HERE 20:34.700 --> 20:36.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% DOESN'T COME THROUGH LIMESTONE 20:36.166 --> 20:38.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LIKE TH-THE MAMMOTH SPRINGS WE WERE LOOKING AT. 20:38.500 --> 20:41.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% IT COMES THROUGH VOLCANIC ROCK THAT MAINLY IS SILICON DIOXIDE. 20:41.566 --> 20:43.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO, GEYSERITE IS THAT WHITISH MATERIAL-- 20:43.433 --> 20:45.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LIGHT-COLORED MATERIAL WE SEE ALL AROUND. 20:45.466 --> 20:47.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% WE GOT A LITTLE WHITE STUFF FALLING ON US NOW. 20:47.666 --> 20:49.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND WE HAVE MORE PLACES TO SEE, OF COURSE. 20:49.700 --> 20:52.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% OH, YEAH, WELL, WE DO HAVE A LOT OF PLACES TO SEE. 20:52.133 --> 20:53.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% ONE OF THE THINGS THAT'S INTERESTING 20:53.900 --> 20:56.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% RIGHT ON THE EDGE, THOUGH, BEFORE WE LEAVE-- 20:56.566 --> 21:00.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOOK AT THE WAY THE GREEN PLANTS COME DOWN RIGHT ON THE EDGE. 21:00.366 --> 21:02.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% IT'S TOO HOT OUT IN THE MIDDLE 21:02.166 --> 21:03.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT THESE ARE LODGEPOLE PINES. 21:03.966 --> 21:06.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THAT'S THE DOMINANT PINE IN THIS PARK. 21:08.200 --> 21:09.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% Jim: IT STOPPED SNOWING 21:09.900 --> 21:12.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND LEFT A BEAUTIFUL WINTER WONDERLAND 21:12.766 --> 21:14.800 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% HERE ON THE ICE LAKE TRAIL. 21:14.800 --> 21:18.733 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Rudy: KIND OF HEAR THE SNOW CRUNCHING BENEATH OUR FEET 21:18.733 --> 21:20.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AS WE'RE WALKING HERE. 21:20.400 --> 21:23.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND REALLY, WHAT WE'RE WALKING THROUGH NOW 21:23.500 --> 21:25.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS SIGNS OF THE FIRE OF 1988. 21:25.600 --> 21:27.533 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% IT BURNED A MILLION ACRES-- 21:27.533 --> 21:29.166 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% ALMOST HALF THE PARK-- 21:29.166 --> 21:31.666 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40% AND COST OVER $130 MILLION TO FIGHT IT. 21:31.666 --> 21:33.500 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% IT WAS A TRAGIC FIRE 21:33.500 --> 21:37.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% BUT I GUESS YOU WOULD SAY THAT HAPPENS IN NATURE. 21:37.100 --> 21:39.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WELL, SNOW HAS KIND OF HEALED IT OVER, TOO. 21:39.300 --> 21:41.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I MEAN, IT EVEN MAKES A PLACE LIKE THIS LOOK PRETTY 21:41.966 --> 21:43.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND NATURE IS COMING BACK. 21:43.333 --> 21:44.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THESE ARE MAINLY, ALL AROUND US 21:44.933 --> 21:47.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I GUESS, LODGEPOLE PINES, ALMOST ALL OF THEM. 21:47.266 --> 21:49.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND YOU CAN SEE THE DARK BARK 21:49.366 --> 21:52.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHERE THE FIRE HAD COME THROUGH AND KILLED THEM. 21:52.900 --> 21:55.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THEY GROW IN GROUPS LIKE THIS. 21:55.100 --> 21:57.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% NARROW TREES GOING UP HIGH. 21:57.066 --> 21:58.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THEY'RE BEEN GONE SINCE '88 21:58.900 --> 22:00.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT YOU LOOK AROUND 22:00.266 --> 22:02.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND THERE ARE YOUNG LODGEPOLE PINES 22:02.766 --> 22:04.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEGINNING TO COME BACK. 22:04.433 --> 22:06.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE NUTRIENTS THAT WERE IN THOSE TREES 22:06.533 --> 22:08.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ARE NOW BACK IN THE SOIL AND LIFE RETURNS. 22:08.833 --> 22:10.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIFE DOES THAT PRETTY WELL-- 22:10.400 --> 22:11.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STRUGGLES TO RETURN. 22:11.966 --> 22:15.066 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60% IT COMES IN VERY THICK IN MANY PLACES WHERE THE LODGEPOLE WAS. 22:15.066 --> 22:17.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ONE OF THE WEEDY SPECIES THAT COMES IN QUICKLY 22:17.366 --> 22:18.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE MUCH NOW 22:18.800 --> 22:20.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% BUT THAT'S FIREWEED OVER THERE. 22:20.366 --> 22:21.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% APPROPRIATELY NAMED. 22:21.866 --> 22:24.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% AFTER A FIRE, THAT'S ONE OF THE FIRST PLANTS TO COME IN. 22:24.200 --> 22:26.466 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% CERTAIN SPECIES SEEM TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OPPORTUNITIES 22:26.466 --> 22:27.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BETTER THAN OTHERS. 22:27.800 --> 22:31.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND I EVEN SEE A LITTLE QUAKING ASPEN COMING HERE. 22:31.033 --> 22:34.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% SO AGAIN, THE NEXT FOREST IS ALREADY BEGINNING. 22:34.100 --> 22:35.766 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% SO MANY DEAD LODGEPOLE PINE 22:35.766 --> 22:37.966 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% WITH SNOW CLINGING TO THE BRANCHES. 22:37.966 --> 22:40.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THEY ARE RATHER PRETTY EVEN IN DEATH. 22:40.300 --> 22:41.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ISN'T THAT AMAZING 22:41.600 --> 22:43.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THE WAY THOSE FLAKES FLOAT IN AND GET IN POSITION 22:43.766 --> 22:45.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN OTHERS FREEZE 22:45.300 --> 22:46.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND ATTACH AND ATTACH AND ATTACH. 22:46.933 --> 22:49.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THIS IS A BEAUTIFUL PLACE THIS TIME OF YEAR. 22:49.200 --> 22:51.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LET'S HEAD ON. 22:56.700 --> 22:59.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHAT A WONDERFUL VARIETY OF PLACES TO EXPLORE 22:59.266 --> 23:01.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% HERE AT YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 23:01.266 --> 23:03.233 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% AND ANY TIME OF YEAR IS SPECIAL 23:03.233 --> 23:05.000 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% WITH SO MANY THINGS TO VIEW. 23:05.000 --> 23:07.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% IT'S MADE IT AMERICA'S MOST POPULAR 23:07.233 --> 23:08.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF OUR 59 NATIONAL PARKS. 23:08.900 --> 23:10.966 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40% I IMAGINE ONE OF THE REASONS THAT PEOPLE COME HERE 23:10.966 --> 23:12.966 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% IS TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE FALLS RIGHT HERE, TOO. 23:12.966 --> 23:15.733 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% YELLOWSTONE FALLS IN THE DISTANCE THERE, JIM. 23:15.733 --> 23:17.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% LOWER FALLS: 308 FEET DROP 23:17.466 --> 23:19.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% FROM THE TOP TO THE BOTTOM THERE. 23:19.733 --> 23:22.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND THAT FLOWING WATER IN THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER 23:22.033 --> 23:23.466 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% IS WHAT CREATES WHAT THEY CALL 23:23.466 --> 23:25.033 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% THE GRAND CANYON OF YELLOWSTONE. 23:25.033 --> 23:27.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I THINK THAT'S A PRETTY GOOD NAME FOR IT. 23:27.033 --> 23:29.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% DURING ICE AGE TIMES WITH GLACIAL MELT, THOUGH 23:29.500 --> 23:30.966 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% THIS RIVER WAS EVEN HIGHER. 23:30.966 --> 23:33.366 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% AND THE ROCK THAT WE'RE LOOKING AT HERE IS VOLCANIC. 23:33.366 --> 23:35.366 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% IT'S CALLED RHYOLITE. 23:35.366 --> 23:37.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% LOOK AT THE COLORS, THOUGH, DOWN THERE. 23:37.666 --> 23:39.066 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% MANY VARIETIES OF COLOR. 23:39.066 --> 23:40.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YELLOWS THROUGHOUT. 23:40.400 --> 23:41.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND IT WAS THAT YELLOW COLOR 23:41.633 --> 23:43.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% THROUGHOUT THE LENGTH OF THE RIVER 23:43.166 --> 23:45.200 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% THAT THE INDIANS GAVE IT THE NAME YELLOWSTONE. 23:45.200 --> 23:48.400 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60% AND THAT YELLOW TELLS US THAT THAT ROCK HAS BEEN ALTERED. 23:48.400 --> 23:51.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I SEE SOME STEAM RISING FROM THE RIVER DOWN THERE NOW. 23:51.500 --> 23:54.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THE HOT SPRINGS THAT WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT. 23:54.066 --> 23:56.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% THE HEAT FROM BELOW CHANGES THE ROCK, WEAKENS IT 23:56.833 --> 23:59.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% AND CAUSES IT TO COLLAPSE A LITTLE EASIER 23:59.166 --> 24:01.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND THEN, OF COURSE, THE UNCHANGED ROCK-- 24:01.600 --> 24:03.400 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% THE SOLID RHYOLITE-- 24:03.400 --> 24:05.200 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% IS WHY YOU HAVE THE WATERFALL. 24:05.200 --> 24:06.733 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% UPSTREAM IS ONE VIEW. 24:06.733 --> 24:08.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% OF COURSE, DOWN IS ANOTHER. 24:08.600 --> 24:10.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% AND AGAIN, YOU CAN SEE THE STEEP WALLS. 24:10.733 --> 24:12.533 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% RIVER GOING OFF IN THE DISTANCE. 24:12.533 --> 24:16.033 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60% AND THAT ALTERED ROCK, NOW, IS THE ROCK THAT IS SLOUGHING OFF. 24:16.033 --> 24:17.133 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% LOOK ON BOTH SIDES. 24:17.133 --> 24:18.533 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% YOU CAN SEE IT BREAKING. 24:18.533 --> 24:21.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% THE COLORFUL ROCK BREAKS APART, WEATHERS AWAY 24:21.066 --> 24:24.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% AND THEN GETS CARRIED OFF BY THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER. 24:24.000 --> 24:26.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK-- 24:26.466 --> 24:28.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A WONDERLAND OF GEYSERS 24:28.333 --> 24:30.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND MOUNTAINS AND CANYONS AND WATERFALLS 24:30.166 --> 24:31.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND MOST OF ALL, RUDY 24:31.666 --> 24:33.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% A WORLD-CLASS WILDLIFE PRESERVE. 24:33.066 --> 24:34.466 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% A WILDLIFE PRESERVE THAT YOU CAN 24:34.466 --> 24:36.033 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% ACTUALLY WALK OUT AND BE A PART OF. 24:36.033 --> 24:37.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% AND I THINK IT'S GOOD, EVERY NOW AND THEN 24:37.866 --> 24:40.366 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% TO BE REMINDED THAT MAN IS A PART OF THAT NATURAL SYSTEM 24:40.366 --> 24:41.366 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% NOT SEPARATE FROM IT. 24:41.366 --> 24:42.766 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% AND, OF COURSE, WE'VE COME 24:42.766 --> 24:45.233 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50% AT A PERFECT TIME OF THE YEAR-- EARLY OCTOBER. 24:45.233 --> 24:47.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THANKS FOR COMING WITH US 24:47.233 --> 24:51.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ON THIS VISIT TO YELLOWSTONE IN NORTHWEST WYOMING. 24:51.166 --> 24:54.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% AND JOIN US AGAIN ON THE NEXT NATURE SCENE. 24:54.566 --> 26:11.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ♪ 26:17.100 --> 26:19.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% NATURE SCENE IS MADE POSSIBLE IN PART 26:19.666 --> 26:22.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% BY A GENEROUS GRANT FROM SANTEE COOPER 26:22.366 --> 26:25.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% WHERE PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF OUR ENVIRONMENT 26:25.033 --> 26:28.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% ARE EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE TO PROVIDING ELECTRIC ENERGY. 26:31.233 --> 26:32.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% ADDITIONAL FUNDING IS PROVIDED 26:32.966 --> 26:37.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING 26:37.100 --> 26:39.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% AND BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU 26:39.933 --> 26:43.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% MEMBERS OF THE ETV ENDOWMENT OF SOUTH CAROLINA.