WEBVTT 00:01.066 --> 00:02.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) 00:01.066 --> 00:02.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Hu  00:01.066 --> 00:02.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% rricane Hugo ravaged 00:02.433 --> 00:06.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% South Carolina in 1989, and 00:02.433 --> 00:06.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Bu  00:02.433 --> 00:06.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% lls Island just off the coast 00:06.833 --> 00:09.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% was one of the most 00:06.833 --> 00:09.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% he  00:06.833 --> 00:09.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% avily damaged areas. 00:09.800 --> 00:13.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Since Hugo, nature's healing 00:09.800 --> 00:13.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% pr  00:09.800 --> 00:13.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% ocess has been at work. 00:13.633 --> 00:17.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Join us as we revisit Bulls 00:13.633 --> 00:17.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Is  00:13.633 --> 00:17.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% land next on "NatureScene." 00:20.200 --> 00:22.466 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% A production of... 00:25.933 --> 00:29.100 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% "NatureScene" is made possible in part by a grant 00:29.100 --> 00:31.633 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% from Santee Cooper, where protection and improvement 00:31.633 --> 00:33.666 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% of our environment are equal in importance 00:33.666 --> 00:35.633 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55% to providing electric energy. 00:38.100 --> 00:40.933 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% Additional funding is provided by 00:40.933 --> 00:43.800 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 00:44.966 --> 00:46.966 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5% and by viewers like you, 00:46.966 --> 00:51.533 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% members of the ETV Endowment of South Carolina. 00:53.233 --> 01:53.700 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 01:55.033 --> 01:58.933 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Hello, and welcome to "NatureScene" at Bulls Island, 01:58.933 --> 02:02.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% just north of Charleston, South Carolina. 02:02.200 --> 02:05.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% This barrier island was ravaged by a hurricane 02:05.200 --> 02:06.533 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% in September of 1989. 02:06.533 --> 02:09.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% I'm Jim Welch with naturalist Rudy Mancke, and we're back 02:09.200 --> 02:13.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% on the island to see how nature is beginning to heal itself. 02:13.666 --> 02:15.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Yeah, and rebound a little bit. 02:15.166 --> 02:17.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This will be very, very interesting, to take a look 02:17.666 --> 02:20.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% at how barrier islands act as barriers 02:20.766 --> 02:23.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% between the mainland and the storms that come in. 02:23.433 --> 02:25.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Hurricane Hugo really changed this place, 02:25.633 --> 02:27.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and yet now you see that nature 02:27.633 --> 02:29.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is coming back slowly but surely. 02:29.933 --> 02:30.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I like that. 02:30.966 --> 02:32.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's typical of barrier islands. 02:32.700 --> 02:35.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is not the first hurricane, and it won't be the last. 02:35.700 --> 02:37.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Nature rebounds, and you don't have 02:37.700 --> 02:40.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to look very far to see that, Jim. 02:40.400 --> 02:42.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% You've had a standing water impoundment here 02:42.233 --> 02:44.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that slowly but surely, even without the storm, 02:44.233 --> 02:45.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is beginning to fill in. 02:45.900 --> 02:47.033 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Cattails, of course, 02:47.033 --> 02:48.633 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% will come in without hurricanes. 02:48.633 --> 02:49.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Stem underground 02:49.633 --> 02:51.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and then sending up those leaves 02:51.566 --> 02:54.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you see blowing in the breeze a little bit. 02:54.300 --> 02:55.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It is an interesting day 02:55.966 --> 02:57.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with a breeze blowing through the cattails. 02:57.800 --> 02:59.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's one of those changes that occurred. 02:59.633 --> 03:02.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% A lot of the standing water impoundments here were modified 03:02.233 --> 03:03.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% by vegetation falling in. 03:03.900 --> 03:05.900 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Rudy, look, a typical animal 03:05.900 --> 03:08.166 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% here on the island, a small, or baby, alligator. 03:08.166 --> 03:09.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Young alligators. 03:09.500 --> 03:12.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's one of those animals that rode out the storm well. 03:12.333 --> 03:14.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Probably last year's young. 03:14.166 --> 03:17.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the markings, very, very clear on the back 03:17.166 --> 03:18.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of those little animals. 03:18.633 --> 03:21.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Feeding on any kind of animal in the water. 03:21.300 --> 03:23.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They're good at recycling fish and small snakes 03:23.733 --> 03:26.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% or amphibians, whatever they can come up with. 03:26.633 --> 03:28.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at him move through the water. 03:28.733 --> 03:30.766 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) They'll stay close to the mother 03:30.766 --> 03:33.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% for a year -- maybe one, two or three years even. 03:33.433 --> 03:35.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) And go out on their own. 03:35.233 --> 03:36.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the way he's swimming. 03:36.733 --> 03:39.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% See the way the tail does all the pushing 03:39.000 --> 03:40.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and legs come down by the side. 03:40.766 --> 03:44.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's an animal that's typical, and on a day that's warming up, 03:44.033 --> 03:46.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you would expect them to be out sunning. 03:46.300 --> 03:47.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) What are the trees 03:47.633 --> 03:49.633 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% coming in close up to the edge here? 03:49.633 --> 03:51.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) One of the odd ones 03:51.100 --> 03:53.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to me is a non-native one. 03:53.233 --> 03:56.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% After Hugo, it's beginning to move out into these open areas. 03:56.900 --> 03:59.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Common name for that is popcorn tree 03:59.300 --> 04:01.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because the fruit looks like popcorn, 04:01.600 --> 04:03.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% but another name is Chinese tallow tree. 04:03.900 --> 04:05.566 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) It's an exotic. 04:05.566 --> 04:06.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Brought in and escaped. 04:06.900 --> 04:09.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% I'm afraid sometimes when the canopy is knocked down 04:09.633 --> 04:11.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the sunlight comes in, 04:11.233 --> 04:13.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% exotic species take over where native ones used to be. 04:13.900 --> 04:15.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Listen to this bird. 04:15.400 --> 04:18.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look up there, perched, northern mockingbird up in the top. 04:18.000 --> 04:20.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I heard some sounds there behind us. 04:20.300 --> 04:23.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% See him sitting there, yelling his head off. 04:23.100 --> 04:25.100 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) So many calls to listen to 04:25.100 --> 04:26.033 align:left position:70% line:83% size:20% from the mocker. 04:26.033 --> 04:27.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, mimicking other birds. 04:27.633 --> 04:31.366 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% [bird chirping] 04:31.366 --> 04:33.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) One other bird you would expect 04:33.366 --> 04:35.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% -- it's the perfect place for it, marshes, or wherever 04:35.866 --> 04:37.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% -- red-winged blackbird's nest. 04:37.866 --> 04:39.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There's a male higher up, calling, 04:39.866 --> 04:42.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% staking out a little bit of a territory. 04:42.033 --> 04:44.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is the time of year when nests are built -- 04:44.866 --> 04:46.866 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Red patches on there. 04:46.866 --> 04:48.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) -- and females are attracted. 04:48.566 --> 04:49.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Yeah, red epaulet. 04:49.800 --> 04:50.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Listen to that call. 04:50.966 --> 04:53.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's an interesting one and so typical. 04:53.166 --> 04:54.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% [bird chirping] 04:54.233 --> 04:55.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) In a place like this 04:55.866 --> 04:57.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you look high and low. 04:57.800 --> 05:00.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see a lot of flowers now, fresh flowers they look like, 05:00.800 --> 05:02.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on one of the blackberries. 05:02.366 --> 05:05.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Usually that low growing one is called dewberry. 05:05.166 --> 05:07.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% A lot of nectar and pollen there, and look what's coming. 05:07.966 --> 05:09.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Three or four different... 05:09.633 --> 05:10.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Insects galore. 05:10.800 --> 05:13.466 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) One of the butterflies. 05:13.466 --> 05:15.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) American painted lady. 05:15.166 --> 05:17.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You can see the eyespots under the hind wing there. 05:17.833 --> 05:20.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Long antennae, and she's just taking that proboscis, 05:20.833 --> 05:23.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that tongue-like proboscis, and going from flower to flower, 05:23.833 --> 05:25.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% getting a little nectar here and there. 05:25.833 --> 05:27.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's energy for the little butterfly. 05:27.633 --> 05:30.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% One of the moths, eight-spotted forester moth coming in, 05:30.900 --> 05:33.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the black with that yellow, and white spots on it. 05:33.633 --> 05:36.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see a pearl crescent over there on the other side. 05:36.566 --> 05:38.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Very tiny. 05:38.300 --> 05:40.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Then bumblebees galore. 05:40.133 --> 05:41.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You can expect that. 05:41.300 --> 05:43.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The queen bumblebee's probably coming to collect pollen 05:43.966 --> 05:46.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to eventually take back and feed the young. 05:46.133 --> 05:47.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) All using the dewberry. 05:47.633 --> 05:49.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) A lot of activity, 05:49.466 --> 05:51.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and again we talk about recycling. 05:51.633 --> 05:53.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's a good example of one thing changing 05:53.800 --> 05:55.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% into something else. 05:55.633 --> 05:57.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Speaking of changes, turn around for a moment 05:57.800 --> 06:00.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because when you turn around and look on the other side 06:00.533 --> 06:03.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of this impoundment, I see a lot of green out there. 06:03.466 --> 06:06.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It is nice and green in the spring of the year, 06:06.633 --> 06:09.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but nothing like it was before the storm. 06:09.133 --> 06:11.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You remember that there was a canopy there. 06:11.133 --> 06:14.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Tall pine trees used to cover this place. 06:14.133 --> 06:17.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Now they're gone, and that's changed everything 06:17.133 --> 06:18.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that they used to shade out. 06:18.966 --> 06:22.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% We'll be able to see that clearly as we get started. 06:22.133 --> 06:27.633 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 06:27.633 --> 06:30.166 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Five thousand acres 06:30.166 --> 06:33.933 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% on the island and 16 miles of roads for walking 06:33.933 --> 06:36.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and getting close to these damaged woods all around us. 06:36.466 --> 06:38.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, they have been 06:38.500 --> 06:39.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% damaged and changed. 06:39.933 --> 06:42.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Slowly, again, as we say, making a return. 06:42.100 --> 06:45.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Sandy soils here now, typical of barrier islands, 06:45.900 --> 06:48.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% really material that used to be farther up in South Carolina 06:48.900 --> 06:50.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that was washed and dumped here. 06:50.633 --> 06:52.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There's one of the plants 06:52.633 --> 06:54.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that stabilizes those piles of sand. 06:54.833 --> 06:56.366 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Magnolia. 06:56.366 --> 06:57.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Southern magnolia, 06:57.366 --> 06:58.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and look at it. 06:58.633 --> 07:01.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That was a canopy tree, but it's standing alone now. 07:01.566 --> 07:04.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Still alive, barely, at least one part of it's alive. 07:04.233 --> 07:06.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You can see those large leaves. 07:06.866 --> 07:10.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Sometimes that's called bull bay, that tree. 07:10.200 --> 07:13.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Kind of interesting connection with this part 07:13.200 --> 07:15.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of the world and some of the names here. 07:15.533 --> 07:17.266 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Well, this was once 07:17.266 --> 07:18.966 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% a magnificent maritime forest. 07:18.966 --> 07:20.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% That tree, though, is now becoming woodpecker -- 07:20.966 --> 07:21.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Work. 07:21.966 --> 07:22.966 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) -- work, yeah. 07:22.966 --> 07:24.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Look at the woodpecker working, 07:24.500 --> 07:26.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because there were beetles in there. 07:26.500 --> 07:28.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That side of the tree was killed. 07:28.266 --> 07:29.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Beetle larvae got in there. 07:29.766 --> 07:32.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The woodpeckers came and began to peck, peck, peck away 07:32.266 --> 07:34.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and change beetle, which used to be magnolia tree, 07:34.533 --> 07:35.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% into woodpecker. 07:35.700 --> 07:39.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look right here, a red-bellied woodpecker. 07:39.133 --> 07:40.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Oh, and look 07:40.300 --> 07:42.300 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% at the blush of red on the belly. 07:42.300 --> 07:44.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) There's one of the few times 07:44.100 --> 07:46.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you've ever seen red on a red-bellied woodpecker. 07:46.566 --> 07:48.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% That is neat, up at the top. 07:48.433 --> 07:50.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You see skeletons of trees out there. 07:50.433 --> 07:52.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Great blue heron nest, look at this, 07:52.566 --> 07:55.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in one of those dead -- I guess that's a pine. 07:55.333 --> 07:56.900 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Not much of a nest, 07:56.900 --> 07:58.633 align:left position:65% line:83% size:25% but that's what they do. 07:58.633 --> 08:00.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Look at that long-legged bird. 08:00.600 --> 08:03.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Gangly as it is, taking those pretty big sticks, see, 08:03.633 --> 08:06.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and balancing them up there, and now standing on the nest. 08:06.633 --> 08:09.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It is amazing when you see that, but, again, things get changed. 08:09.633 --> 08:12.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Nature doesn't throw up her hands and walk away. 08:12.566 --> 08:15.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Things begin to come back, slowly but surely. 08:15.600 --> 08:18.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Plants that are here -- look right over to the side. 08:18.433 --> 08:21.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Here's the state tree of South Carolina and Florida, 08:21.033 --> 08:22.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the palmetto. 08:22.166 --> 08:25.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Cabbage palmetto is a good common name for it. 08:25.566 --> 08:28.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% One member of the palm family that puts up 08:28.233 --> 08:29.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% fairly well with high wind. 08:29.966 --> 08:31.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) They may have withstood Hugo 08:31.633 --> 08:33.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% better than the rest of the vegetation. 08:33.633 --> 08:35.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, and a few live oaks 08:35.633 --> 08:37.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% out there that are surviving. 08:37.633 --> 08:39.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The biggest ones, many are gone. 08:39.566 --> 08:41.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see some red bays down there too. 08:41.566 --> 08:44.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There's an understory tree you would expect to see here. 08:44.400 --> 08:46.200 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Look, there's 08:46.200 --> 08:49.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% the state of South Carolina's game bird, wild turkey. 08:49.800 --> 08:52.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Two of them, with beards. 08:52.466 --> 08:55.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the beards on the front of those things. 08:55.133 --> 08:57.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Strolling away, they're kind of wary of us. 08:57.133 --> 08:58.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They love open areas like this. 08:58.633 --> 09:02.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see a plant that's doing really nicely here too, 09:02.166 --> 09:04.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that American holly with fruit on it. 09:04.166 --> 09:06.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Again, used to be shaded a little bit more 09:06.500 --> 09:09.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but seems to enjoy the sunlight once the canopy was opened. 09:09.300 --> 09:11.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There's another turkey, bigger one. 09:11.300 --> 09:14.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% See him going into what looks like dog fennel down there? 09:14.166 --> 09:16.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That is a big animal, really neat. 09:16.300 --> 09:19.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And vines -- look around here, Jim, vines all over the place. 09:19.800 --> 09:22.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% When these trees went down, that gave trellises almost 09:22.466 --> 09:23.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% for these vines. 09:23.800 --> 09:27.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They climb up on it, they get all the sunlight they ever need, 09:27.466 --> 09:29.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and now they've begun to dominate. 09:29.633 --> 09:31.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Great variety of viny species here. 09:31.633 --> 09:34.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% One of them has the state flower of South Carolina on it. 09:34.633 --> 09:35.966 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Yellow jessamine. 09:35.966 --> 09:37.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yellow jessamine, 09:37.633 --> 09:39.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I love that flower. 09:39.566 --> 09:41.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Very, very beautiful flower used in perfumes, 09:41.800 --> 09:44.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% but that is a poisonous plant, not to the touch, 09:44.300 --> 09:46.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but you wouldn't want to nibble on that. 09:46.600 --> 09:49.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's a species, now, that begins to dominate, 09:49.133 --> 09:52.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% coming out on plants that had fallen by the way. 09:52.133 --> 09:53.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) April's a great time 09:53.633 --> 09:55.633 align:left position:70% line:83% size:20% to visit Bulls Island. 09:55.633 --> 09:57.633 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% The flowers are in bloom. 09:57.633 --> 09:59.633 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% There's toadflax. 09:59.633 --> 10:01.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Toadflax is a common one 10:01.966 --> 10:03.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in open areas, isn't it? 10:03.966 --> 10:06.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's along the road here, but it's farther off 10:06.233 --> 10:08.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the road because now the canopy is gone. 10:08.366 --> 10:10.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Certain plants and animals gained a great deal from Hugo. 10:10.966 --> 10:12.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Others lost a great deal, 10:12.633 --> 10:15.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but it's great in the spring to see that renewal. 10:15.633 --> 10:17.566 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 10:17.566 --> 10:19.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Jim, you remember when 10:19.233 --> 10:22.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% we visited Bulls Island right before Hurricane Hugo had hit, 10:22.566 --> 10:24.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% before we even knew it was coming. 10:24.566 --> 10:27.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This was a beautiful area with tall canopy, live oaks, 10:27.666 --> 10:34.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% palmettos, loblolly pines, shaded, so nice, so cool. 10:34.800 --> 10:38.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Then Hugo came, and our visit right after Hurricane Hugo, 10:38.800 --> 10:40.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the same place was wide open. 10:40.633 --> 10:41.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Do you remember? 10:41.966 --> 10:43.933 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Totally devastated, 10:43.933 --> 10:46.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% stripped bare, big oaks, and palmettos, pines. 10:46.366 --> 10:48.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Brown, very little green, 10:48.333 --> 10:51.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% sunlight coming in and very, very warm. 10:51.300 --> 10:56.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% No canopy basically left at all, and then right now you see 10:56.733 --> 10:59.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% basically the same thing, except you've got green coming back. 10:59.766 --> 11:01.100 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Wounds are healing 11:01.100 --> 11:02.500 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% very, very slowly. 11:02.500 --> 11:03.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Slowly but surely. 11:03.566 --> 11:07.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Big live oak there with the green coming on, 11:07.166 --> 11:09.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% still showing the effects of the storm, but you see 11:09.700 --> 11:12.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% lots of things coming up around, and I love that green. 11:12.500 --> 11:14.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Right over here, this little low area, 11:14.600 --> 11:16.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% see the little shell midden, basically, there. 11:16.700 --> 11:19.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Piles of shells left by Native Americans that were living 11:19.933 --> 11:23.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on this island and feeding on a lot of the soft animals 11:23.966 --> 11:25.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that were in those shells. 11:25.700 --> 11:27.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Coming from New England, 11:27.300 --> 11:29.300 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% that's a good flower to see for me 11:29.300 --> 11:31.133 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% because it's one of my mother's favorites. 11:31.133 --> 11:32.633 align:left position:65% line:83% size:25% One of the bluets. 11:32.633 --> 11:34.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) One of the bluets, 11:34.466 --> 11:37.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but it's a bluet that's not blue in color; it's white. 11:37.300 --> 11:40.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Trailing bluet is one of the common names for it 11:40.300 --> 11:42.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because the leaves are close to the ground, 11:42.433 --> 11:45.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and it is trailing, but I like to call it innocence. 11:45.266 --> 11:47.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's another common name, 11:47.200 --> 11:49.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but four parts to the flower. 11:49.766 --> 11:52.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's a typical way to identify that 11:52.100 --> 11:54.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and other members of the bluet family. 11:54.233 --> 11:56.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look right down here. 11:56.433 --> 11:59.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Skipper, one of the largest skippers in the United States. 11:59.166 --> 12:02.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Common name for that is the yucca skipper 12:02.066 --> 12:06.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because the skipper lays eggs exclusively on yucca plants, 12:06.300 --> 12:09.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% which are scattered around on barrier islands and elsewhere. 12:09.300 --> 12:10.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's a large one. 12:10.633 --> 12:13.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the abdomen on that, really big, so that's a female, 12:13.766 --> 12:16.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and I'm sure very soon she'll be laying eggs 12:16.166 --> 12:18.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on the leaves of yucca down the way. 12:18.166 --> 12:20.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's one you don't see often, 12:20.166 --> 12:21.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% so it's interesting to find it here. 12:21.933 --> 12:23.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see a few plants coming in there 12:23.933 --> 12:27.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that are typical of this area, and, again, new green on it. 12:27.600 --> 12:32.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Aralia spinosa is that one, the devil's walking stick. 12:32.266 --> 12:33.433 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) A good name. 12:33.433 --> 12:35.633 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% That would cut your hand to grab ahold. 12:35.633 --> 12:37.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) It protects that plant, 12:37.200 --> 12:40.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% keeps animals from stealing a lot of food and water from it. 12:40.500 --> 12:42.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Again, out here you're struggling to survive. 12:42.500 --> 12:44.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You want to protect yourself. 12:44.033 --> 12:46.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see another one with stickers on it. 12:46.033 --> 12:48.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Prickly ash is the common name for that one. 12:48.366 --> 12:51.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Compound leaves and prickles on the leaves and on the stem. 12:51.633 --> 12:54.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Toothache tree is another name for that one. 12:54.100 --> 12:57.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It actually can deaden the pain of a toothache. 12:57.700 --> 13:00.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Buckthorn, there's another one. 13:00.100 --> 13:04.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Three little plants growing up here, not in the shade anymore, 13:04.166 --> 13:06.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and yet they're still surviving in the open sunlight. 13:06.566 --> 13:08.233 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Totally different look 13:08.233 --> 13:10.800 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% from what it was five and a half years ago. 13:10.800 --> 13:12.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, things are coming back. 13:12.600 --> 13:14.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look right here in the shade. 13:14.466 --> 13:16.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Eastern cottonmouth, look at him. 13:16.133 --> 13:16.800 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Wow! 13:16.800 --> 13:17.966 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40% That thick body. 13:17.966 --> 13:19.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Look at the head too. 13:19.466 --> 13:20.466 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Yeah. 13:20.466 --> 13:21.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Broad head, 13:21.466 --> 13:24.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% flat sides on it -- I mean the top is flat -- 13:24.466 --> 13:26.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and it drops right off on the sides. 13:26.466 --> 13:28.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's hard to see the eye, 13:28.133 --> 13:30.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but there's the eye with an elliptical pupil. 13:30.633 --> 13:32.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% One of the pit vipers, the only poisonous snake 13:32.966 --> 13:35.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you would expect to see out on Bulls Island. 13:35.300 --> 13:36.800 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) No rattlesnakes on the island, 13:36.800 --> 13:39.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but there are cottonmouths as we evidence right here. 13:39.133 --> 13:40.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Oh, yeah. 13:40.300 --> 13:42.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Fairly common, they love a little extra water, 13:42.633 --> 13:44.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% especially close to those impoundments. 13:44.466 --> 13:47.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That snake doesn't seem to be bothered by us, 13:47.133 --> 13:48.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but it knows we're here. 13:48.600 --> 13:49.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's watching us carefully, 13:49.700 --> 13:51.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and that pit's sensitive to temperature changes. 13:51.600 --> 13:53.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That lets him know we're here. 13:53.633 --> 13:55.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the tongue flickering out. 13:55.633 --> 13:57.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That picks up odor particles. 13:57.300 --> 14:00.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That lets him know there's a human being in front of him, 14:00.266 --> 14:02.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and notice he's not approaching us. 14:02.300 --> 14:05.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% He won't have anything to do with anything too big to eat. 14:05.466 --> 14:06.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Oh, my goodness. 14:06.533 --> 14:07.866 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Osprey! 14:07.866 --> 14:09.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Right here. 14:09.166 --> 14:11.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Osprey nest in one of those dead trees. 14:11.166 --> 14:14.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Canopy gone, leftover part of that tree there, 14:14.200 --> 14:16.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the osprey has built a nest. 14:16.200 --> 14:17.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Flying around, look at that. 14:17.533 --> 14:18.866 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Definitely osprey nest? 14:18.866 --> 14:20.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Absolutely. 14:20.000 --> 14:22.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We see the bird flying toward the nest, 14:22.233 --> 14:24.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and I love the way they play with the wind. 14:24.900 --> 14:27.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They can actually hover over the nest. 14:27.066 --> 14:30.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Wiggling the wings, dropping down on the nest. 14:30.333 --> 14:33.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% This time of the year there should be eggs in that nest, 14:33.600 --> 14:39.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% usually two to four eggs for that bird. 14:39.033 --> 14:41.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) The fish hawk it's called. 14:41.300 --> 14:43.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Fish hawk is a good name. 14:43.233 --> 14:45.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Did you know that species is found on every continent 14:45.933 --> 14:47.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% except Antarctica? 14:47.266 --> 14:48.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The same species. 14:48.600 --> 14:51.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Hugo, when it came in, wiped out all of the osprey nests, 14:51.933 --> 14:54.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but what happened the next year? 14:54.633 --> 14:57.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They were all rebuilt, and now they're nesting up there. 14:57.633 --> 15:00.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That is a spectacular bird. 15:00.100 --> 15:01.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Oh, wow, what a flyer. 15:01.866 --> 15:03.466 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Remember a few days ago, 15:03.466 --> 15:05.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% the national symbol we saw close by, the eagle. 15:05.866 --> 15:07.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Bald eagles are on this refuge. 15:07.633 --> 15:09.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We found a nest just off the refuge site, 15:09.966 --> 15:12.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and you remember the adults there. 15:12.133 --> 15:15.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% White head, white tail on that thing. 15:15.033 --> 15:18.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Beautiful bird, wonderful bird coming in to feed the youngster, 15:18.033 --> 15:21.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and then you remember we actually did get a chance 15:21.033 --> 15:24.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to see the immature bird, much darker than the adults. 15:24.033 --> 15:26.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% See that immature bald eagle flapping his wings 15:26.266 --> 15:27.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% or moving his wings. 15:27.600 --> 15:29.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% He's basically fledged now. 15:29.600 --> 15:32.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% He's left the nest, coming back every now and then, 15:32.600 --> 15:35.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but really is able to go pretty much on his own. 15:35.466 --> 15:37.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) A good chance to compare 15:37.300 --> 15:39.466 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% the markings from the osprey to the eagle. 15:39.466 --> 15:41.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, both build a large nest. 15:41.800 --> 15:44.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Both have a lot of white on them, 15:44.300 --> 15:47.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but the osprey is whiter than that bald eagle was. 15:47.133 --> 15:49.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That is a neat animal and, again, using this refuge. 15:49.966 --> 15:52.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% If it wasn't for the refuge, areas like this, 15:52.800 --> 15:55.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that animal would not survive. 15:55.200 --> 16:01.733 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 16:01.733 --> 16:03.800 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Bulls Island became part 16:03.800 --> 16:08.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge in 1936, 16:08.833 --> 16:11.300 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40% and the Civilian Conservation Corps came in, 16:11.300 --> 16:12.700 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5% built impoundments, some roads, 16:12.700 --> 16:15.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and added to the dike system throughout the island. 16:15.700 --> 16:17.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) The CCC did so much good work 16:17.700 --> 16:19.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% all over the United States, 16:19.766 --> 16:22.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and these dikes and roads are wonderful because they give you 16:22.833 --> 16:25.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% a chance to see some of the variety of habitats here. 16:25.833 --> 16:28.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The dike that we're on separating 16:28.200 --> 16:30.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the good, old salt marsh over here from freshwater marsh. 16:30.800 --> 16:33.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the salt marsh grasses out there. 16:33.133 --> 16:34.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Is that cord grass? 16:34.633 --> 16:35.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Cord grass 16:35.966 --> 16:38.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% from here to eternity, just lots and lots of it 16:38.633 --> 16:40.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% going off in the distance. 16:40.566 --> 16:43.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That little plant puts up with high salinity in the water. 16:43.500 --> 16:45.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Many other plants could not survive out there, 16:45.633 --> 16:46.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but that one dominates. 16:46.900 --> 16:48.233 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) The dike separates it 16:48.233 --> 16:50.233 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% from over here, fresh water. 16:50.233 --> 16:51.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) The dike separates it 16:51.900 --> 16:53.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% from good, old fresh water, 16:53.633 --> 16:56.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and you can see the difference here very, very clearly, 16:56.133 --> 16:58.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with different plants on one side as opposed to the other. 16:58.900 --> 17:00.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Remember when Hurricane Hugo came through? 17:00.366 --> 17:03.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Not far down from us, there was a breach in this dike, 17:03.500 --> 17:06.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and you can imagine then that salt water 17:06.166 --> 17:09.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% intruded on the fresh water and vice versa. 17:09.766 --> 17:11.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Again, they have fixed that back. 17:11.900 --> 17:14.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They've reclaimed this dike, and it took a while, I'm sure, 17:14.900 --> 17:17.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% for that fresh water to really lose that salinity, 17:17.700 --> 17:20.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but look at it today and what it attracts. 17:20.266 --> 17:23.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% These freshwater impoundments are perfect places for birds. 17:23.266 --> 17:25.266 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Animals are coming back, 17:25.266 --> 17:27.300 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% and that little island attracted the yellowlegs. 17:27.300 --> 17:29.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yellowlegs all over the place. 17:29.300 --> 17:31.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I guess it gives them a feeling 17:31.300 --> 17:33.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that they're out of danger and the water. 17:33.500 --> 17:35.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There are other shorebirds resting up there. 17:35.833 --> 17:37.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You see the way sometimes they're up 17:37.633 --> 17:39.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and sometimes they flatten down even. 17:39.133 --> 17:40.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see two neat birds. 17:40.633 --> 17:42.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the black-necked stilts, 17:42.300 --> 17:45.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% a couple of them in the distance over there. 17:45.566 --> 17:47.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I always thought that's appropriately named 17:47.400 --> 17:50.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with the black on the neck and those long, stilt-like legs. 17:50.233 --> 17:52.233 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Like they're walking on stilts, 17:52.233 --> 17:53.033 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% you're right. 17:53.033 --> 17:55.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) With that pointy beak 17:55.033 --> 17:57.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% getting invertebrates out of the water. 17:57.033 --> 17:59.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see a couple of ducks too. 17:59.033 --> 18:01.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the pair of blue-winged teal. 18:01.133 --> 18:02.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Isn't that nice? 18:02.133 --> 18:03.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Bright blue piece 18:03.633 --> 18:05.633 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5% on the shoulder wing. 18:05.633 --> 18:07.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) That's right, 18:07.300 --> 18:09.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and that little white, almost a crescent-moon look 18:09.800 --> 18:11.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% on the face of the male. 18:11.633 --> 18:14.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Male much more brightly marked than the female, of course, 18:14.133 --> 18:15.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% which is typical. 18:15.700 --> 18:16.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There's an old cormorant. 18:16.866 --> 18:18.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% That's not very brightly marked. 18:18.400 --> 18:21.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at that dull-looking bird on the stick 18:21.466 --> 18:24.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that's coming up out of that island out there. 18:24.233 --> 18:26.200 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) One of the diving birds. 18:26.200 --> 18:27.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Almost like a torpedo 18:27.700 --> 18:30.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in the water, just drying out or sunning and warming up. 18:30.700 --> 18:33.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see a little blue heron looking for a meal, 18:33.400 --> 18:34.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% it looks like. 18:34.500 --> 18:37.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at him moving, poised ready to grab something. 18:37.100 --> 18:40.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They recycle a lot of fish in these impoundments. 18:40.766 --> 18:43.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is perfect for shorebirds, wading birds, 18:43.100 --> 18:45.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and for ducks and lots and lots of others. 18:45.633 --> 18:47.233 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Great diversity. 18:47.233 --> 18:48.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Look at the alligator. 18:48.633 --> 18:50.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the alligator sneaking in. 18:50.633 --> 18:53.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Larger alligator than we looked at before sneaking in. 18:53.300 --> 18:54.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) For a meal. 18:54.300 --> 18:55.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Trying -- 18:55.400 --> 18:57.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% look how close he is to the black-necked stilts. 18:57.600 --> 18:58.600 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Yeah. 18:58.600 --> 18:59.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) The stilt is keeping 18:59.866 --> 19:00.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% an eye on him, 19:00.966 --> 19:03.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the alligator is keeping an eye on the stilt, 19:03.800 --> 19:05.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and there must be enough distance 19:05.633 --> 19:07.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% because they're not grabbing each other. 19:07.500 --> 19:09.566 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Looks close to me, though. 19:09.566 --> 19:10.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) That's a predator-prey 19:10.633 --> 19:12.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% relationship kind of in the making. 19:12.633 --> 19:15.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It hasn't really happened yet, but I'm sure the alligator 19:15.466 --> 19:16.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% has that in his mind. 19:16.800 --> 19:18.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Oh, that's neat, and those two, again, 19:18.600 --> 19:22.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% share this impoundment and seem to survive very well together. 19:22.766 --> 19:24.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look in front of us right here. 19:24.766 --> 19:25.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the snake. 19:25.833 --> 19:27.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) A huge snake! 19:27.300 --> 19:28.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Wrinkled up in the road. 19:28.900 --> 19:30.566 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) What kind of snake? 19:30.566 --> 19:31.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yellow rat snake. 19:31.766 --> 19:34.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% All the rat snakes, when they're tense or nervous, 19:34.300 --> 19:35.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% wrinkle their bodies like that. 19:35.900 --> 19:37.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Do you see it? 19:37.033 --> 19:39.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I see stripes on it, so another name is 19:39.566 --> 19:42.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the four-lined rat snake, also known as the live oak snake, 19:42.433 --> 19:44.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% great climber in live oaks on barrier islands. 19:44.433 --> 19:45.566 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Frozen. 19:45.566 --> 19:46.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Non-poisonous. 19:46.900 --> 19:48.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Almost frozen in place. 19:48.300 --> 19:49.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah. 19:49.233 --> 19:50.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Oh, that's neat. 19:50.900 --> 19:52.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's interesting that you think about 19:52.566 --> 19:54.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and see things like that right now. 19:54.566 --> 19:56.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Remember that rookery not far from here 19:56.566 --> 19:58.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that we took a look at? 19:58.366 --> 20:01.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is the time of year when great egrets are building nests, 20:01.366 --> 20:03.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and those beautiful white birds are building again. 20:03.466 --> 20:06.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Fairly flimsy nests up on trees that had been knocked down 20:06.933 --> 20:10.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% by the storm, taking advantage of nesting opportunities, 20:10.933 --> 20:12.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% trees that were knocked down in the water. 20:12.933 --> 20:14.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Weren't those beautiful birds? 20:14.566 --> 20:15.966 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) We need more refuges 20:15.966 --> 20:17.966 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% like Bulls Island to protect these habitats. 20:17.966 --> 20:19.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah. 20:19.300 --> 20:22.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I love the one sitting down on the nest very carefully, and 20:22.300 --> 20:24.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you can see all that breeding plumage on those egrets. 20:24.800 --> 20:26.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% That almost did them in. 20:26.333 --> 20:27.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They were almost killed 20:27.866 --> 20:30.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% for those long breeding plumage feathers. 20:30.233 --> 20:32.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Thank goodness we've protected them. 20:32.633 --> 20:35.633 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% [birds squawking] 20:35.633 --> 20:37.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Then the black-crowned 20:37.633 --> 20:40.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% night herons, you remember them there? 20:40.633 --> 20:41.733 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) A hunched-shouldered 20:41.733 --> 20:42.800 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5% looking bird, yeah. 20:42.800 --> 20:44.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, all humped, 20:44.033 --> 20:45.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and they were probably nesting there too. 20:45.833 --> 20:47.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I remember the group of them, that couple 20:47.833 --> 20:50.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of black-crowned night herons and all of those great egrets 20:50.700 --> 20:52.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% sitting perched in that tree. 20:52.533 --> 20:54.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is a special place. 20:54.633 --> 21:02.366 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% [birds squawking] 21:02.366 --> 21:16.700 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% [waves breaking] 21:16.700 --> 21:18.700 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Bulls Island is between 21:18.700 --> 21:21.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% five and six miles long, and this section, Rudy, 21:21.333 --> 21:24.166 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% on the north end maybe hasn't changed much 21:24.166 --> 21:26.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% in the sense of the trees, dead trees, around us. 21:26.833 --> 21:28.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) The trees have been here 21:28.833 --> 21:31.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% a long time, but we walked out of a forest 21:31.433 --> 21:33.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that was beaten to pieces by Hugo, 21:33.233 --> 21:35.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and when you look back in here, 21:35.633 --> 21:37.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you can see some of the damage, 21:37.633 --> 21:39.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% some of those trees standing up, 21:39.633 --> 21:41.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% live oaks that aren't alive anymore. 21:41.633 --> 21:43.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Totally rearranged by that storm. 21:43.633 --> 21:46.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% The storm surge here was 21 feet, coming up 21 feet with 21:46.633 --> 21:51.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% waves on the top and leveling that forest, except for what? 21:51.300 --> 21:52.300 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) The palmettos. 21:52.300 --> 21:53.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) The palmettos, yeah. 21:53.966 --> 21:55.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They're surviving. 21:55.133 --> 21:56.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They bend a little bit better. 21:56.633 --> 21:59.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Although you can see down the beach now, that erosion is 21:59.633 --> 22:03.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% slowly but surely wearing away the support for those trees, 22:03.233 --> 22:05.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and eventually they topple down. 22:05.566 --> 22:07.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% If anyone wanted to know what a storm 22:07.633 --> 22:10.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% can do to a barrier island, a hurricane, 22:10.466 --> 22:12.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% this is the perfect place to see it. 22:12.633 --> 22:16.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The scars still remain, and yet it's beginning to heal up, 22:16.300 --> 22:21.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and still the Atlantic Ocean is coming in slowly but surely 22:21.466 --> 22:25.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and rearranging the world, and that never changes. 22:25.366 --> 22:26.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It continues. 22:26.366 --> 22:28.366 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) I was going to say, 22:28.366 --> 22:32.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% 25, perhaps 30, feet a year off the north end of this island 22:32.433 --> 22:33.600 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% because of erosion. 22:33.600 --> 22:35.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) That erosive force 22:35.000 --> 22:37.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of the tides is amazing, and it's something 22:37.300 --> 22:40.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that just continues year after year after year, 22:40.233 --> 22:44.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% day after day after day, and this is a great place to see it 22:44.000 --> 22:48.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because you see skeletons of that old forest. 22:48.733 --> 22:52.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Areas like this are called boneyards, 22:52.900 --> 22:54.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the skeletons of the trees, 22:54.633 --> 22:56.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and if you want to see how powerful 22:56.633 --> 22:59.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the forces at work here are, look at this live oak right 22:59.700 --> 23:02.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in front of us that has been turned basically upside-down. 23:02.866 --> 23:07.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Those are the roots sticking out at the top 23:07.366 --> 23:10.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% where the branches are supposed to be, 23:10.533 --> 23:14.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and, again, the Atlantic working today just like it was working 23:14.133 --> 23:18.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% back in September of 1989, but not with as much force. 23:18.133 --> 23:20.133 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) A ghost beach. 23:20.133 --> 23:22.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) Yeah, a ghost beach, 23:22.133 --> 23:24.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% a ghost forest, really. 23:24.166 --> 23:26.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The major maritime forest here, live oak-palmetto forest, 23:26.700 --> 23:28.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% has been rearranged. 23:28.066 --> 23:31.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look right up here too, talking about just neat things. 23:31.133 --> 23:32.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the sand dollars. 23:32.566 --> 23:33.633 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Oh, yes. 23:33.633 --> 23:35.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) The skeleton of that animal, 23:35.633 --> 23:37.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% since we're talking about skeletons, 23:37.633 --> 23:39.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% test it is called. 23:39.600 --> 23:41.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Keyhole urchin is another name for it. 23:41.733 --> 23:44.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Waves come in slowly but surely, 23:44.733 --> 23:47.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% put sand on it and take sand away. 23:47.766 --> 23:49.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The animal's been dead for a good while, 23:49.900 --> 23:53.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% typical animal of these sandy beaches. 23:53.166 --> 23:54.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And just look down the way -- 23:54.833 --> 23:56.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% there are more and more and more. 23:56.600 --> 23:57.966 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% (Jim) Look way down. 23:57.966 --> 24:01.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Two, three -- two or three deer -- a few deer out in the surf. 24:01.566 --> 24:02.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% (Rudy) White-tailed deer 24:02.733 --> 24:04.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% coming out to play in the surf. 24:04.600 --> 24:07.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's a pelican riding the water behind them, 24:07.100 --> 24:09.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but white-tailed deer coming off the high ground, 24:09.633 --> 24:11.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% getting down close to the water. 24:11.466 --> 24:14.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Maybe getting a little sniff of that salty water 24:14.133 --> 24:16.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and then heading back in. 24:18.133 --> 24:21.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% In 1670, not so very far from this spot, 24:21.633 --> 24:23.700 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45% the first settlers of South Carolina 24:23.700 --> 24:26.033 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5% set foot on Carolina soil. 24:26.033 --> 24:29.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Some things they saw then, we still see today. 24:29.633 --> 24:32.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Things change, and yet in many ways they remain the same, 24:32.500 --> 24:34.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and hurricanes certainly have affected this place, 24:34.600 --> 24:36.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but nature bounces back. 24:36.233 --> 24:38.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I guess it's good to remind ourselves 24:38.000 --> 24:40.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that nature isn't good, bad, right or wrong. 24:40.000 --> 24:42.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's just the way the world is. 24:42.000 --> 24:43.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The system is a wonderful system. 24:43.666 --> 24:44.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% What a special place. 24:44.833 --> 24:47.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% It still is, even though the maritime forest is gone. 24:47.566 --> 24:49.566 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30% It's a great place to visit. 24:49.566 --> 24:51.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Thanks for coming with us to Bulls Island, 24:51.733 --> 24:55.166 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5% just northeast of Charleston, South Carolina, 24:55.166 --> 24:58.166 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% and join us again on the next "NatureScene." 24:59.633 --> 25:05.633 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Program captioned by:   CompuScripts Captioning, Inc. 803.988.8438 25:06.633 --> 26:07.100 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 26:18.866 --> 26:21.433 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% "NatureScene" is made possible in part by a grant 26:21.433 --> 26:24.533 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% from Santee Cooper, where protection and improvement 26:24.533 --> 26:26.666 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% of our environment are equal in importance 26:26.666 --> 26:28.666 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55% to providing electric energy. 26:30.933 --> 26:33.933 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% Additional funding is provided by 26:33.933 --> 26:36.266 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% the Corporation for Public Broadcasting 26:37.866 --> 26:39.866 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5% and by viewers like you, 26:39.866 --> 26:44.200 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% members of the ETV Endowment of South Carolina.