WEBVTT

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<i>♪♪</i>

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HELLO, I'M JIM WELCH,
AND THIS IS <i>NATURE SCENE</i>

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WITH NATURALIST
RUDY MANCKE.

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WE'RE AT THE SAGUARO
NATIONAL MONUMENT

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PART OF THE SONORAN
DESERT NEAR TUCSON.

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THIS IS GOING TO BE
AN EXCITING SHOW
FOR ME, RUDY

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BECAUSE OF THE BEAUTY
OF THIS PLACE.

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AND REALLY, JIM,
YOU KNOW

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THE THING THAT'S
GOING TO EXCITE ME

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IS WE'RE GOING
TO BE ABLE TO SEE

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HOW PLANTS AND ANIMALS MAKE
SOME PRETTY MAJOR ADJUSTMENTS.

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THIS IS A VERY HARSH ENVIRONMENT
TO YOU AND TO ME.

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I MEAN, I FEEL THE HEAT HERE

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BUT TO PLANTS AND ANIMALS
THAT LIVE HERE, THIS IS HOME

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AND SO THEY HAVE MADE
SOME RATHER MAJOR ADJUSTMENTS

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TO TWO MAJOR STRESSES

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AND THAT IS VERY LITTLE WATER,
SMALL AMOUNTS OF WATER--

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DESERTS USUALLY HAVE LESS THAN
TEN INCHES OF RAIN A YEAR--

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AND THEN ALSO TEMPERATURES--
VERY HOT

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AND THEN QUICKLY GOING
TO VERY COLD.

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AND SO THERE ARE
LOTS OF ADJUSTMENTS

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THAT PLANTS
AND ANIMALS MAKE

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AND THAT'S REALLY
WHAT I WANT TO DO TODAY--

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TRY TO LOOK AT INDIVIDUAL
PLANTS AND ANIMALS

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AND IDENTIFY THEM

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AND THEN FIGURE OUT HOW
THEY'RE DOING SO WELL HERE

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BECAUSE, OF COURSE,
THEY'RE DOING VERY FINE

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IN THIS SITUATION.

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THE RINCON MOUNTAINS
RIGHT ACROSS FROM US

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ARE A PART OF THE STORY
OF THIS DESERT NOW.

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THEY'RE, OF COURSE,
NOT REALLY DESERT THEMSELVES.

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THEY COLLECT A GOOD BIT
OF WATER, WHICH RUNS DOWN

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AND, OF COURSE, WATERS
THIS PLACE TO SOME DEGREE.

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WHY DON'T WE JUST TURN AROUND
AND TAKE A LOOK

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AT THE DIVERSITY OF WHAT WOULD
BEST BE CALLED, AS YOU'VE SAID

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SONORAN DESERT?

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THE SANTA CATALINA MOUNTAINS
IN THE DISTANCE--

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GRANITIC MOUNTAINS
FORCED UP, FOLDED ROCK

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AND THEN, OF COURSE,
ROLLING HILLS, IT LOOKS LIKE.

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AND WHAT IS THE DOMINANT
PLANT IN THIS DESERT?

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WELL, THE SAGUARO
CACTUS...

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WHICH THE FIRST
VISITOR MIGHT SAY

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"GOSH, THAT'S A TREE--
30, 40, 50 FEET."

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THAT'S A TREMENDOUS,
TREMENDOUS STORY

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AND WE'LL TALK ABOUT THAT
A LITTLE BIT MORE

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BUT THAT'S NOT
THE ONLY CACTUS HERE, RIGHT?

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YOU CAN SEE THE BARREL CACTUS
DOWN THERE.

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YOU CAN SEE
PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS.

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YOU CAN SEE CHOLLA CACTUS
DOWN THERE.

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OCOTILLO, WHICH YOU MIGHT
SAY IS NOT A CACTUS.

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IT'S NOT A CACTUS

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AND WE WANT TO TALK
ABOUT THE DIFFERENCES

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BETWEEN THAT PLANT, SAY,
AND THE REAL CACTUS PLANT.

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AND THEN ALSO A LOT
OF YELLOW FLOWERS.

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WE WANT TO GET
A CLOSE LOOK AT THOSE.

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YELLOW SEEMS TO BE
THE SPRING COLOR

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HERE IN THE SONORAN DESERT.

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AND YOU CAN ALSO SEE LOTS
OF EXTRA GREEN DOWN THERE.

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IT SEEMS LIKE IT'S BUNCHED UP
ALONG THE LOWEST AREAS

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AND THAT'S WHERE SOME
OF THE WATER

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THAT COMES FROM THE RINCON
MOUNTAINS FLOWS DOWN ALONG

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AND THAT, OF COURSE, REALLY
CHANGES THE PLANT SPECIES

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IN THE DESERT.

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BUT WHAT A MARVELOUS VIEW
WAY OFF IN THE DISTANCE

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TOWARDS THE CITY, AS YOU'VE
ALREADY SAID, OF TUCSON.

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I THINK WE'RE GOING
TO HAVE A LOT OF FUN

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BASICALLY IDENTIFYING
WHAT'S HERE

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AND THEN TRYING
TO FIGURE OUT

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HOW IT MAKES A LIVING,
SO TO SPEAK.

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CHANCE OF SEEING
A SNAKE OR TWO?

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WELL, THERE'S
A GOOD POSSIBILITY.

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THEY DO FAIRLY WELL HERE

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AND WE'LL TALK
ABOUT HOW THEY MAKE
ADJUSTMENTS TO SURVIVAL.

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WHY DON'T WE JUST GET UP
ON THIS LOOP TRAIL

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AND SEE WHAT WE CAN FIND?

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<i>(♪♪)</i>

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NICE TO GET DOWN
FROM THAT OVERVIEW

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AND GET A LITTLE CLOSER
TO SOME OF THESE PLANTS, JIM.

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ONLY WAY TO ENJOY
THE SIGHTS AND SMELLS

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AND SOUNDS
OF THE DESERT

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IS TO GET OUT
OF THE CAR AND
WALK THROUGH IT.

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THERE ARE LOTS THINGS
SO MUCH DIVERSITY HERE.

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THIS TREE THAT'S COMING OUT
WITH THE COMPOUND LEAVES NOW

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IS ONE OF THOSE

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THAT YOU WOULD COMMONLY SEE
IN A SITUATION LIKE THIS--

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MESQUITE IS THE NAME,
AND AGAIN, THAT'S ONE

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THAT HAS BEEN USED
FOR A LONG, LONG TIME--

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FIREWOOD IF NOTHING ELSE.

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IT SHOULD HAVE FLOWERS
ON IT NOW.

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I SEE SOME LEFTOVERS
OF FLOWERS THERE

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WE MIGHT SEE A LITTLE
LATER WITH YELLOW FLOWERS.

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THOUSANDS OF MESQUITE
TREES THERE-- THOUSANDS.

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VERY, VERY COMMON.

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USUALLY WHEN YOU SEE THEM,
YOU'RE IN A LITTLE LOWER AREA.

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THEY DO LIKE A LITTLE BIT
OF EXTRA MOISTURE.

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I SEE A LITTLE LIZARD.

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LOOK-- SITTING RIGHT
ON THE BRANCH OF THE MESQUITE

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RIGHT IN THE SHADE THERE
A LITTLE BIT.

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WITH NO TAIL.

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YEAH, LOOKS LIKE ONE
OF THE LIZARDS THAT
DOES WELL IN TREES

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NOT SO MUCH ON THE GROUND.

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AND THAT TAIL WAS NOT
BROKEN OFF TOO LONG AGO.

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THAT'S REALLY ONE OF THOSE
NEAT DEFENSIVE MECHANISMS.

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SO IT'S NOT EATEN OFF
SO MUCH AS JUST BROKEN.

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A PREDATOR TRIED
TO GET THAT LIZARD

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GRABBED THE TAIL
INSTEAD OF THE FRONT
PART OF THE LIZARD.

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THE TAIL ACTUALLY
BREAKS OFF.

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THERE ARE LITTLE WEAK
POINTS IN THE TAIL.

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IT BREAKS OFF, WIGGLES

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THE LIZARD ESCAPES
WITH HIS LIFE.

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GROWS A NEW TAIL.

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GROWS A NEW TAIL
SLOWLY BUT SURELY.

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FLATTENING DOWN
AGAINST THAT BRANCH

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YOU SEE HOW WELL CAMOUFLAGED
THAT IS.

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ONE OF THE REPTILES, NOW

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THAT CANNOT CONTROL HIS BODY
TEMPERATURE DIRECTLY AT ALL.

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NO INTERNAL THERMOSTAT
LIKE BIRDS OR MAMMALS.

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CAN'T SWEAT.

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CANNOT SWEAT TO RELIEVE
ANY PROBLEMS TEMPERATURE-WISE

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AND SO IT STAYS IN THE SHADE
WHEN IT'S HOT

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COMES OUT IN THE SUNLIGHT
WHEN IT'S COLD

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AND REALLY REGULATES
THE TEMPERATURE PRETTY FINELY

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JUST THAT WAY.

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RUDY, IS THIS
PILE OF STICKS

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A NEST OF AN ANIMAL?

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AH, YES, IT IS

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AND LOOK WHAT PLANT IT PICKED
TO BUILD ITS NEST IN.

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AND THAT'S A PRETTY
GOOD PLANT TO PICK.

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THIS IS ONE OF
THE PRICKLY PEAR CACTUSES

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AND THERE IS THE NEST
OF A WOOD RAT.

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OR PACK RAT.

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"PACK RAT" IS A LITTLE
MORE WELL-USED NAME.

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BUT THAT ANIMAL TAKES BITS
AND PIECES OF THIS, THAT
AND THE OTHER

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AND PILES IT UP.

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I SEE A PRETTY
GOOD-SIZED PILE--

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MUCH BIGGER, YOUNOW,
THAN YOU WOULD EXPECT

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FROM THE ANIMAL THE SIZE
OF A WOOD RAT OR A PACK RAT.

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WORKS AT NIGHT,
EATS AT NIGHT?

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IT'S ACTIVE MAINLY AT NIGHT,
LIVING IN THERE NOW.

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I SEE LITTLE TRAILS RUNNING

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FROM THIS CLUSTER
OF PRICKLY PEAR

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OVER TO THE NEXT ONE.

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AND IF YOU LOOK CAREFULLY
DOWN HERE YOU CAN SEE

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WHERE IT ACTUALLY EATS
SOME OF THE THICK STEMS--

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NOW, THESE ARE STEMS,
NOT LEAVES

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THAT ARE SO THICKENED HERE--

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EATS THAT STEM
AND GETS WATER FROM IT

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AND ALSO GETS
SOME NOURISHMENT.

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CACTI STORE A LOT OF WATER
IN THEIR STEMS.

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ALL SORTS OF LITTLE
SUBTLE THINGS

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WE WANT TO KEEP OUR EYES OPEN
FOR AS WE WALK ALONG THE TRAIL.

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MM-HMM.

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<i>(♪♪)</i>

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LOOKS A LITTLE MORE DRY
UP HERE ON THE RIDGE,
DOESN'T IT?

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NICE BREEZE
EVERY NOW AND THEN.

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AND LOOK AT THE PLANTS.

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EVERYWHERE YOU LOOK,
IT'S A BOTANIST'S DREAM

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OR IT COULD BE.

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YOU'VE GOT SO MANY...

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WELL, THERE ARE
A LOT OF SURPRISES.

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I'LL TELL YOU ONE
THAT IS REALLY SUCCESSFUL:

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CREOSOTE BUSH IS ONE
OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL
PLANTS IN THIS AREA

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AND YOU SEE IT HERE
WITH FLOWERS AND
FRUIT ON IT.

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LOOK AT THE LARGE NUMBER
OF BRANCHES COMING UP

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RIGHT DOWN THERE
AT THE BASE, YOU SEE?

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IS THAT WHERE
COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURERS

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GET CREOSOTES?

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NO, UH-UH, BUT YOU HAVE THAT
CREOSOTE-LIKE SMELL TO IT.

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THAT DOES GIVE A VERY
INTERESTING SMELL

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ESPECIALLY AFTER A RAIN
OR WHEN YOU BREAK IT--

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VERY, VERY SUCCESSFUL.

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BUT NOW LOOK AT THE SPACE
BETWEEN THIS AND ANYTHING ELSE.

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YOU KNOW WHY THAT IS?

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ROOTS, I BET.

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ROOTS.

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GOING OUT
HORIZONTALLY?

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WE'VE SAID THAT
PLANTS HAVE COME UP

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WITH LOTS OF WAYS
TO GRAB WATER

07:35.800 --> 07:38.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND LOOK, JUST LET'S JUST GET
CLOSE TO THIS THING.

07:38.033 --> 07:39.966 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
YOU CAN'T HELP
BUT GET CLOSE
TO THIS THING:

07:39.966 --> 07:41.466 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
ONE OF THE LARGEST

07:41.466 --> 07:44.066 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
WELL, I GUESS
THE LARGEST CACTUS

07:44.066 --> 07:46.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IN NORTH AMERICA:
THE SAGUARO.

07:46.500 --> 07:48.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
WE SAW IT FROM A
DISTANCE A MINUTE AGO.

07:48.133 --> 07:49.233 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
LOOK AT THE WAY
THAT THING

07:49.233 --> 07:50.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IS ACTUALLY PLEATED
ALMOST, YOU SEE?

07:50.766 --> 07:52.900 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
IT'S ALMOST PLEATED
LIKE A SKIRT WOULD
BE PLEATED.

07:52.900 --> 07:54.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
OR AN ACCORDION, SURE.

07:54.100 --> 07:57.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
YEAH, AND THAT ALLOWS
THIS THING, YOU SEE

07:57.000 --> 07:59.400 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
TO PICK UP LARGE
AMOUNTS OF WATER

07:59.400 --> 08:01.833 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
AND TO SWELL UP
AND STORE WATER.

08:01.833 --> 08:04.266 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
THE CACTUS CAME UP
A LONG TIME AGO

08:04.266 --> 08:07.900 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
WITH THE IDEA
OF STORING WATER
IN VERY THICK STEMS.

08:07.900 --> 08:10.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
AND OF COURSE WHERE'S
YOUR CHLOROPHYLL?

08:10.733 --> 08:11.933 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
IS IT IN LEAVES?

08:11.933 --> 08:13.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IT'S IN THE TRUNK,
SO TO SPEAK.

08:13.566 --> 08:15.300 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IT IS IN THE STEM
OF THE PLANT.

08:15.300 --> 08:17.900 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
YOU DON'T REALLY
SEE ANY LEAVES
ON THIS CACTUS--

08:17.900 --> 08:19.266 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
MAYBE THESE SPINES

08:19.266 --> 08:22.533 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
AND YOU SEE ROWS
OF THOSE CLUSTERS
OF SPINES

08:22.533 --> 08:24.700 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
ARE REMNANTS OF
THOSE LEAVES.

08:24.700 --> 08:26.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
NOT ONLY DO YOU
HAVE TO GET WATER;

08:26.666 --> 08:28.066 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
YOU HAVE TO KEEP IT.

08:28.066 --> 08:30.833 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
AND ONE OF THE THINGS
YOU DO TO KEEP IT,
OF COURSE

08:30.833 --> 08:32.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IS TO COME UP WITH
SPINES LIKE THAT.

08:32.900 --> 08:35.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
YOU SEE THE WAY THOSE
LITTLE SPINES COME OUT

08:35.366 --> 08:36.833 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
FROM LITTLE RAISED AREAS?

08:36.833 --> 08:39.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
THAT'S SO TYPICAL
OF THE CACTUS FAMILY.

08:39.033 --> 08:42.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
ALL THE SPINES COME OUT FROM
THOSE LITTLE RAISED AREAS

08:42.766 --> 08:46.166 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
NIPPLE-LIKE AREAS
THAT RUN UP AND
DOWN THE SIDES.

08:46.166 --> 08:48.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THEY HAVE DEFINITE PURPOSES
FOR HAVING THE SPINES?

08:48.800 --> 08:51.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
WELL, AGAIN, TO PROTECT
YOUR INVESTMENT OF WATER.

08:51.466 --> 08:53.200 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
IF WE COULD SEE
THE ROOT SYSTEM

08:53.200 --> 08:55.633 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
IT GOES WAY DOWN
IN THE GROUND,
DEEP AND OUT

08:55.633 --> 08:57.166 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
AND WHEN IT RAINS,
OF COURSE

08:57.166 --> 09:00.033 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
YOU JUST SOAK UP
AS MUCH WATER AS
YOU POSSIBLY CAN.

09:00.033 --> 09:02.233 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
AND WITHOUT THEM,
ANY ANIMAL WOULD
COME UP

09:02.233 --> 09:04.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND TAKE A GOOD BITE
OR CHUNK OUT OF IT.

09:04.400 --> 09:06.566 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
YEAH, AND MOST
OF THE WEIGHT
OF THAT THING

09:06.566 --> 09:08.000 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
RIGHT NOW YOU SEE
IS WATER.

09:08.000 --> 09:10.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HOW OLD IS THIS SAGUARO,
RUDY-- ANY IDEA?

09:10.600 --> 09:13.166 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
COUPLE HUNDRED
YEARS OR SO.

09:13.166 --> 09:14.866 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
IT TAKES A LONG TIME
TO GET THIS SIZE.

09:14.866 --> 09:16.366 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
YOU SEE THE BRANCHES
COMING OFF

09:16.366 --> 09:18.033 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
AND AGAIN THESE ARE
PROTECTED HERE.

09:18.033 --> 09:20.066 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
THAT'S VERY,
VERY IMPORTANT,
BUT TYPICAL.

09:20.066 --> 09:21.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I GUESS THIS WOULD BE
THE TYPICAL PLANT

09:21.966 --> 09:23.166 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
OF THE SONORAN DESERT.

09:23.166 --> 09:25.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
AND SO MANY THINGS
USE THAT PLANT

09:25.666 --> 09:28.200 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
EITHER TO GET FOOD
OR TO NEST IN.

09:28.200 --> 09:30.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
WE'LL BE SEEING THAT,
I'M SURE, AS WE WALK.

09:30.233 --> 09:32.333 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
HERE'S ANOTHER
CACTUS NOW.

09:32.333 --> 09:33.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
WHAT KIND IS THAT?

09:33.333 --> 09:34.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
YOU KNOW THAT ONE,
THE CHOLLA--

09:34.800 --> 09:36.800 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30%
C-H-O-L-L-A

09:36.800 --> 09:37.966 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
PRONOUNCED "CHOYA"

09:37.966 --> 09:39.566 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
AND IT'S GOT SOME
FRUIT ON IT THERE

09:39.566 --> 09:41.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
AND SOME... LOOKS LIKE
SOME EARLY FLOWERS.

09:41.466 --> 09:43.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THIS, I'LL BET, THEN,
IS THE STAGHORN CHOLLA.

09:43.800 --> 09:45.566 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
THAT'S WHAT IT
LOOKS LIKE, UH-HUH.

09:45.566 --> 09:47.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
A LOT OF COMMON NAMES
FOR THESE THINGS.

09:47.600 --> 09:49.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
AGAIN, YOU'VE GOT
THOSE MODIFIED LEAVES--

09:49.966 --> 09:51.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
THE SPINES RATHER
THAN LEAVES.

09:51.800 --> 09:53.100 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IF YOU HAVE LEAVES
ON A PLANT

09:53.100 --> 09:55.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
YOU HAVE A TENDENCY
TO LOSE A LOT OF WATER.

09:55.166 --> 09:56.566 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
IF YOU THINK OF
REGULAR LEAVES

09:56.566 --> 09:58.200 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
THAT MOST PEOPLE ARE
FAMILIAR WITH

09:58.200 --> 10:00.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
THAT'S AN EASY WAY
TO LOSE A LOT OF WATER.

10:00.233 --> 10:02.633 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
HERE'S ANOTHER--
LOOK AT THIS--

10:02.633 --> 10:04.833 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
ANOTHER FORM
OF THE CACTUS.

10:04.833 --> 10:06.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
LOOK AT THE SPINES
ON THAT, ALMOST...

10:06.600 --> 10:07.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
CURLED LIKE A FISHHOOK.

10:07.766 --> 10:08.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
YEAH, LIKE A FISHHOOK.

10:08.900 --> 10:11.466 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
ONE OF THE
BARREL CACTUSES

10:11.466 --> 10:12.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
AND THESE THINGS,
OF COURSE

10:12.866 --> 10:14.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
ARE FLOWERING PLANTS, RIGHT?

10:14.400 --> 10:15.666 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
SO WE SEE
SOMETHING HERE

10:15.666 --> 10:17.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
THAT'S LEFT OVER AFTER
THE FLOWER'S GONE

10:17.833 --> 10:20.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
AND THAT IS THE FRUIT,
WHICH IS EDIBLE.

10:20.800 --> 10:23.933 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
A LOT OF ANIMALS
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF
THAT OPPORTUNITY.

10:23.933 --> 10:25.366 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
LOOK AT, AGAIN,
THE SIZE

10:25.366 --> 10:28.166 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
AND YOU SEE
THE SAME PLEATED
KIND OF FEELING--

10:28.166 --> 10:31.000 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
PLENTY OF EXPANSION
THERE WHEN YOU
GET WATER.

10:31.000 --> 10:32.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT THE BARREL CACTUS
WOULDN'T GET TOO HIGH

10:32.966 --> 10:34.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
COMPARED TO THE SAGUARO.

10:34.300 --> 10:35.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
UH-UH, NO, IT NEVER
GETS AS LARGE

10:35.800 --> 10:37.933 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
AS THAT SAGUARO
THAT WE LOOKED AT
A MOMENT AGO.

10:37.933 --> 10:40.233 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
I'LL TELL YOU,
THERE'S A SAGUARO
RIGHT OVER HERE.

10:40.233 --> 10:41.966 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
LET'S CHECK THIS OUT
FOR A SECOND.

10:41.966 --> 10:43.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
SEE THE FLOWERS UP
ON THE TOP, JIM?

10:43.866 --> 10:45.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OH, YES--
BEAUTIFUL BLOSSOM.

10:45.866 --> 10:47.700 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
DON'T STAY OPEN
VERY LONG.

10:47.700 --> 10:50.533 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
FANTASTIC FLOWERS,
NICE WHITE FLOWERS.

10:50.533 --> 10:52.600 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
THE STATE FLOWER
OF ARIZONA.

10:52.600 --> 10:53.866 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
DO I SEE SOMETHING?

10:53.866 --> 10:56.233 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
LOOK, LOOK AT
THE FLOWER HEADS
ON THE TOP.

10:56.233 --> 10:57.366 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
THERE'S MOVEMENT.

10:57.366 --> 10:59.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I THINK THERE'S
A WOODPECKER UP THERE.

10:59.000 --> 11:00.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
WHAT KIND OF WOODPECKER?

11:00.100 --> 11:01.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
WAIT A MINUTE-- YEAH.

11:01.333 --> 11:02.866 align:left position:55% line:77% size:35%
THAT'S THE
GILA WOODPECKER
UP THERE.

11:02.866 --> 11:05.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NOW, OFTEN YOU WOULD SEE
A CACTUS WREN ON TOP OF THEM.

11:05.366 --> 11:06.500 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
OH, MY GOODNESS.

11:06.500 --> 11:07.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
WE'LL PROBABLY SEE
THOSE IN A MINUTE

11:07.866 --> 11:10.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
BUT LOOK AT THE WORK
OF THAT LITTLE BIRD NOW

11:10.300 --> 11:12.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
TURNING AROUND, GETTING
ON ONE OF THE FLOWERS

11:12.833 --> 11:15.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
AND STICKING ITS BEAK IN,
GETTING SOME NECTAR

11:15.366 --> 11:17.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
PROBABLY SOME INSECTS
THERE, TOO

11:17.666 --> 11:21.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
AND THEN, OF COURSE,
TRANSFERRING POLLEN, YOU SEE

11:21.033 --> 11:23.366 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
AS IT GOES FROM
FLOWER TO FLOWER.

11:23.366 --> 11:26.533 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THAT
SAGUARO CACTUS

11:26.533 --> 11:28.200 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
AND THE GILA WOODPECKER

11:28.200 --> 11:30.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IS AN INTIMATE KIND
OF RELATIONSHIP.

11:30.733 --> 11:33.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
AND, OF COURSE, THE GILA
WOODPECKER IS THE ONE

11:33.600 --> 11:36.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
THAT DRILLS HOLES INTO THIS
LARGE CACTUS QUITE OFTEN

11:36.866 --> 11:39.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
USES THEM AS NESTS,
AND THEN WHEN THEY LEAVE

11:39.233 --> 11:41.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
MANY, MANY OTHER THINGS
COME AND NEST.

11:41.333 --> 11:43.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
OF COURSE, THAT'S
A GOOD PLACE TO PERCH.

11:43.500 --> 11:45.133 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
I JUST LOOK OFF
IN THE DISTANCE.

11:45.133 --> 11:47.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I SEE A NUMBER OF OTHER...
SEE THE CARDINAL

11:47.400 --> 11:49.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
ON TOP OF ONE OVER THERE--
BRIGHT RED MALE...

11:49.400 --> 11:51.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
ON THE SAGUARO?

11:51.000 --> 11:52.666 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
YEAH, CARDINAL.

11:52.666 --> 11:54.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I'M JUST LOOKING
FROM ONE TO THE OTHER

11:54.066 --> 11:57.333 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
AND I SEE ALSO ONE
OF THE CURVE-BILLED
THRASHERS

11:57.333 --> 11:59.066 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
UP THERE IN
THE DISTANCE.

11:59.066 --> 12:02.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
SEE THE CURVE ON THE...
ON THE BILL?

12:02.166 --> 12:06.433 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
ONE OF THE VARIETIES
THAT ARE USUALLY CALLED
CURVE-BILLED THRASHERS.

12:06.433 --> 12:08.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
DOING WELL IN THIS
KIND OF SITUATION.

12:08.800 --> 12:10.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND YET THE BOOKS
AND BROCHURES

12:10.466 --> 12:12.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THE GUIDES
TO THESE AREAS WOULD SAY

12:12.600 --> 12:14.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
CACTUS WRENS ON TOP
OF THE SAGUARO.

12:14.500 --> 12:16.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
WELL, YOU DON'T HAVE
TO LOOK MUCH FURTHER.

12:16.866 --> 12:18.233 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
JUST LOOK OVER THERE

12:18.233 --> 12:20.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
AND THERE'S YOUR CACTUS WREN
SITTING ON THE TOP, SEE?

12:20.900 --> 12:22.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AH, NOW THAT'S LARGER
THAN THE WREN

12:22.166 --> 12:23.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT ONE MIGHT BE
ACCUSTOMED TO.

12:23.400 --> 12:25.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
THAT'S THE LARGEST WREN
IN NORTH AMERICA--

12:25.500 --> 12:26.800 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
A BIG ONE
DOING VERY WELL

12:26.800 --> 12:28.700 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
NESTING OFTEN IN
THE CHOLLA CACTUSES.

12:28.700 --> 12:30.233 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
WE'LL LOOK FOR
ONE OF THE NESTS

12:30.233 --> 12:31.700 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
BUT THERE IT IS

12:31.700 --> 12:34.333 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
SITTING RIGHT WHERE
IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE
UP ON THE TOP.

12:34.333 --> 12:36.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
RUDY, IS THE CACTUS WREN
THE STATE BIRD OF ARIZONA?

12:36.933 --> 12:38.066 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
YEAH, I BELIEVE
IT IS, JIM

12:38.066 --> 12:39.633 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
AND AGAIN, DOING
VERY WELL.

12:39.633 --> 12:42.333 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO
SEE MORE SIGN OF IT
A LITTLE BIT LATER.

12:42.333 --> 12:47.466 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
<i>(♪♪)</i>

12:47.466 --> 12:51.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SO MANY INTERESTING THINGS
TO LOOK AT IN THE DESERT.

12:51.000 --> 12:52.633 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
IT'S SO FULL OF BEAUTY--

12:52.633 --> 12:54.433 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
DIFFERENT SIGHTS
AND SOUNDS

12:54.433 --> 12:56.266 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
AND SMELLS
AS I MENTIONED.

12:56.266 --> 12:58.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YEAH, AND SPINY THINGS,
TOO, AS WE'VE SAID.

12:58.466 --> 12:59.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND...
OH, MY GOODNESS.

12:59.466 --> 13:00.400 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
OH.

13:00.400 --> 13:01.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
OH, MY GOODNESS

13:01.566 --> 13:02.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
RIGHT HERE
ON THE PATH, JIM.

13:02.933 --> 13:04.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OH, TALK ABOUT
SPINY THINGS, NOW.

13:04.300 --> 13:05.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THIS IS THE...

13:05.566 --> 13:07.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOKS LIKE THE WESTERN
DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE

13:07.633 --> 13:09.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND HE'S NOT HAPPY.

13:09.033 --> 13:11.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WE'VE SURPRISED HIM, COILED UP
ON THE SIDE OF THE PATH.

13:11.500 --> 13:12.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
LOOK AT THAT POSE.

13:12.733 --> 13:14.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
YOU KNOW, IT'S MAKING
MY SKIN CRAWL A BIT.

13:14.700 --> 13:17.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT IS ONE OF THOSE ANIMALS
YOU EXPECT TO SEE, THOUGH

13:17.500 --> 13:18.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
IN SITUATIONS LIKE THIS

13:18.733 --> 13:20.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
USUALLY IN THE SHADE
THIS TIME OF DAY.

13:20.733 --> 13:21.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
LISTEN TO THE RATTLE NOW.

13:21.800 --> 13:22.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
JUST LISTEN TO THAT.

13:22.900 --> 13:24.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
HE'S NOT GOING TO LEAVE
OR RUN AWAY?

13:24.300 --> 13:25.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NO, I THINK HE'LL STAY
THERE FOR A SECOND.

13:25.966 --> 13:27.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OBVIOUSLY WE'VE GOTTEN
HIS ATTENTION.

13:27.533 --> 13:28.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
LISTEN TO THAT RATTLE.

13:28.533 --> 13:31.433 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
( <i>rattling </i>)

13:31.433 --> 13:32.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YOU SEE NOW
THAT'S DEAD SKIN.

13:32.800 --> 13:34.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
IT RUBS TOGETHER;

13:34.033 --> 13:36.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHEN IT'S VERY DRY, IT
MAKES THAT LOUD SOUND.

13:36.166 --> 13:39.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND BOY, YOU COULD REALLY HEAR
HIM WHEN WE WALKED UP.

13:39.000 --> 13:40.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
HE FEELS US COMING.

13:40.166 --> 13:42.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HE PICKS UP VIBRATIONS
THROUGH THE GROUND

13:42.333 --> 13:43.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND, OF COURSE,
HE'S GOT EYES.

13:43.933 --> 13:45.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HE SEES MOVEMENT
PRETTY WELL.

13:45.533 --> 13:47.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT HE ALSO HAS
A BIG TONGUE.

13:47.033 --> 13:49.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LET'S GET A LITTLE, SEE IF WE
CAN GET A LITTLE CLOSER HERE.

13:49.600 --> 13:51.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NOW, LOOK AT THAT TONGUE
COMING OUT-- SEE?

13:51.400 --> 13:52.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
PICKING UP ODORS
OUT OF THE AIR

13:52.766 --> 13:54.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT LETS HIM KNOW,
OF COURSE

13:54.566 --> 13:56.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT WE'RE
NOT A JACKRABBIT

13:56.033 --> 13:58.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OR A GOPHER OR SOMETHING,
THAT WE'RE A HUMAN BEING

13:58.833 --> 14:00.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT, OF COURSE,
BOTHERS HIM.

14:00.700 --> 14:02.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
WE'RE NO FRIEND OF THEIRS.

14:02.200 --> 14:04.866 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
I'M AFRAID WE'RE A THREAT
TO HIS LIFE AND HE KNOWS IT.

14:04.866 --> 14:06.900 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
HOW FAR AWAY WOULD HE
STRIKE IF HE HAD TO?

14:06.900 --> 14:09.433 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
HE COULD STRIKE ABOUT HALF
THE LENGTH OF THE BODY.

14:09.433 --> 14:13.666 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
LOOK AT THE DIAMOND-
SHAPED MARKINGS
ON THE SNAKE.

14:13.666 --> 14:15.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
SEE THOSE DIAMONDS?

14:15.266 --> 14:16.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEN
THE LIGHT LINES

14:16.800 --> 14:18.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ALONG THE SIDE
OF THE HEAD.

14:18.533 --> 14:20.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND THEN THOSE PITS--

14:20.166 --> 14:21.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THOSE LARGE HOLES
THERE

14:21.866 --> 14:24.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BETWEEN THE EYE
AND NOSTRIL.

14:24.000 --> 14:25.133 align:left position:80% line:89% size:10%
MMM.

14:25.133 --> 14:26.766 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
THE SLIGHTEST
MOVEMENTS--

14:26.766 --> 14:29.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
IT'S ALMOST MECHANICAL
IN SOME RESPECTS.

14:29.466 --> 14:31.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SEE THE WAY HE LIFTS
HIS BODY UP AGAIN?

14:31.300 --> 14:32.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
HE CAN PULL IT BACK AND

14:32.366 --> 14:33.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THEN FLICKERS
THAT TONGUE OUT

14:33.700 --> 14:36.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEN SOMETIMES ACTUALLY
HOLDS IT IN POSITION.

14:36.066 --> 14:38.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
AND THOSE PITS TELL HIM
HOW BIG AN ANIMAL WE ARE

14:38.500 --> 14:39.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HOW FAR AWAY
FROM HIM WE ARE

14:39.900 --> 14:42.233 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
AND, REALLY,
IF WE'RE WITHIN
STRIKING DISTANCE.

14:42.233 --> 14:44.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THIS THING NOW FEEDS
ON WOOD RATS

14:44.700 --> 14:48.166 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
LIKE THE PACK RAT
WE SAW THE HOME
OF BACK THERE

14:48.166 --> 14:50.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OR GOPHERS
OR KANGAROO RATS

14:50.200 --> 14:52.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OR WHATEVER OTHER MAMMALS
IT FINDS HERE.

14:52.733 --> 14:55.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WELL, WE'VE... WE'VE
BOTHERED HIM ENOUGH.

14:55.266 --> 14:57.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT IS AN EXTRA-
SPECIAL THING TO SEE

14:57.566 --> 14:58.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND THAT IS, AGAIN

14:58.733 --> 15:01.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AN ANIMAL YOU EXPECT
TO SEE IN THE DESERT

15:01.233 --> 15:02.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SO YOU CERTAINLY
WANT TO WALK

15:02.533 --> 15:04.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHERE YOU CAN SEE
WHERE YOUR FEET ARE GOING.

15:04.433 --> 15:06.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
BUT WHAT IS THE CHANCE
OF A TOURIST OR VISITOR

15:06.766 --> 15:08.366 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
WALKING DOWN
A TRAIL LIKE THIS

15:08.366 --> 15:10.433 align:left position:50% line:5% size:40%
OF COMING UPON
THE WESTERN?

15:10.433 --> 15:11.533 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
SLIM TO NONE.

15:11.533 --> 15:13.033 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
BUT AGAIN, WE'RE
HERE ON A DAY

15:13.033 --> 15:14.366 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
WHEN IT'S CLOUDY
AND SUNNY

15:14.366 --> 15:15.566 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
A LITTLE BIT
IN AND OUT

15:15.566 --> 15:17.533 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
AND THAT GIVES US
A BETTER OPPORTUNITY

15:17.533 --> 15:18.766 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
TO SEE
THE REPTILES OUT.

15:18.766 --> 15:20.266 align:left position:50% line:5% size:40%
SHOULD WE JUST
WALK ON BY HIM?

15:20.266 --> 15:22.300 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
YEAH, LET'S JUST HEAD ON
DOWN THE TRAIL.

15:22.300 --> 15:24.500 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
I'M SURE THERE ARE
OTHER GOOD THINGS TO SEE.

15:24.500 --> 15:26.400 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
WOULD YOU LIKE TO WALK
ON THE INSIDE?

15:26.400 --> 15:33.233 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
( <i>rattling </i>)

15:34.833 --> 15:36.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HERE'S SOME MORE
PLANTS NOW

15:36.833 --> 15:39.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
THAT ARE KIND
OF INTERESTING

15:39.000 --> 15:41.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WE'LL NEED TO GET
OVER CLOSE TO.

15:41.766 --> 15:44.500 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
ONE THAT IS REALLY
ALWAYS INTERESTING
TO ME IS THIS ONE.

15:44.500 --> 15:46.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
HERE'S A SMALL ONE, JIM.

15:46.966 --> 15:47.966 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
LOOKS LIKE A...

15:47.966 --> 15:49.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
PALOVERDE.

15:49.300 --> 15:51.133 align:left position:42.5% line:77% size:47.5%
I WAS GOING TO
SAY IT LOOKS LIKE
GREEN STICKS.

15:51.133 --> 15:52.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
<i>PALOVERDE </i>MEANS
"GREEN STICK"

15:52.833 --> 15:55.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT'S EXACTLY
WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE.

15:55.066 --> 15:56.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NOW, DO YOU SEE
ANY LEAVES ON THAT?

15:56.633 --> 15:57.933 align:left position:80% line:89% size:10%
NO.

15:57.933 --> 15:59.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I SEE A FEW LITTLE, OLD,
FLIMSY, LITTLE NOTHINGS

15:59.966 --> 16:01.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND THOSE ARE THE LEAVES.

16:01.266 --> 16:03.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THEY'RE ON FOR A SHORT
TIME IN RAINY SEASON

16:03.500 --> 16:05.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT THEY USUALLY SHED
ONCE IT GETS DRY.

16:05.566 --> 16:06.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND CHLOROPHYLL, YOU SEE

16:06.866 --> 16:09.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IS IN THE STEM, GIVING
THAT GREEN LOOK TO IT

16:09.200 --> 16:11.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT'S WHERE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS.

16:11.566 --> 16:14.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AGAIN, IF YOU WANT
TO SAVE THE WATER YOU GET

16:14.500 --> 16:18.200 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
YOU DON'T WANT
TO HAVE REALLY LARGE
LEAVES STICKING OUT

16:18.200 --> 16:20.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BECAUSE YOU LOSE
TOO MUCH WATER THAT WAY.

16:20.000 --> 16:21.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
SO THE LEAVES ARE ON

16:21.066 --> 16:22.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHEN YOU CAN GET THEM
AND USE THEM

16:22.433 --> 16:24.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT THEY'RE SHED VERY
QUICKLY IN DRYER WEATHER.

16:24.433 --> 16:27.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
PALOVERDE IS THE
ARIZONA STATE TREE.

16:27.600 --> 16:28.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
RIGHT, YEAH.

16:28.700 --> 16:29.933 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
AND IT'S VERY SMALL.

16:29.933 --> 16:31.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WELL, THEY GET
LARGER, NOW.

16:31.433 --> 16:32.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THERE'S A BIGGER ONE...

16:32.733 --> 16:34.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BIGGER ONE
BEHIND US THERE.

16:34.266 --> 16:35.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I SEE SOMETHING
HERE, THOUGH

16:35.466 --> 16:37.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THAT'S VERY SMALL.

16:37.033 --> 16:41.500 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
YOU SEE THE LITTLE
EGG CASE THERE OF
ONE OF THE MANTISES

16:41.500 --> 16:43.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LAID ON THE
PALOVERDE STEM.

16:43.666 --> 16:45.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
AND AGAIN, THEY
USUALLY LAY EGGS

16:45.233 --> 16:46.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
ON SOMETHING STURDY.

16:46.233 --> 16:47.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THOSE WILL HATCH OUT

16:47.433 --> 16:49.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
INTO A NUMBER OF LITTLE
INSECTS, OF COURSE

16:49.366 --> 16:50.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHICH WILL DO
VERY WELL HERE.

16:50.700 --> 16:52.866 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
WELL, BOY WE'RE SEEING
SOME PREDATORS,
AREN'T WE?

16:52.866 --> 16:55.700 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
THAT SNAKE AND
THAT'S ANOTHER ONE
OF THE PREDATORS.

16:55.700 --> 16:58.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LARGE PALOVERDE
HERE, THOUGH.

16:58.700 --> 17:01.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BIG ONE BEHIND, YOU SEE,
SPREADING OVER

17:01.533 --> 17:03.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
AND MISTLETOE
UP IN THE TOP.

17:03.500 --> 17:05.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
DO YOU SEE
THE CLUMPS UP THERE?

17:05.500 --> 17:06.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THAT'S A MISTLETOE.

17:06.800 --> 17:09.333 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
DIFFERENT FROM
SOME OF THE EASTERN
MISTLETOE.

17:09.333 --> 17:10.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YES, YES, BUT AGAIN,
A PARASITE--

17:10.733 --> 17:11.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
ONE OF THOSE THINGS...

17:11.700 --> 17:12.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND NOW,
THE PARASITESEE

17:12.833 --> 17:14.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
DOESN'T DO ANY WORK
COLLECTING WATER

17:14.433 --> 17:16.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IT JUST TAKES WATER
FROM THE PALOVERDE

17:16.833 --> 17:19.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT'S BEEN COLLECTING
IT FOR A LONG TIME

17:19.466 --> 17:22.866 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
AND BASICALLY THAT'S
WHAT PARASITES
DO FOR A LIVING:

17:22.866 --> 17:26.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
TAKING FOOD AND WATER
FR1x OTHER THINGS.

17:26.966 --> 17:28.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND, OF COURSE,
WHAT IS THAT THING

17:28.400 --> 17:29.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
STICKING RIGHT UP
IN THE CENTER?

17:29.766 --> 17:30.766 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
NO CHLOROPHYLL
IN THAT.

17:30.766 --> 17:32.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
WHAT IS THAT PLANT?

17:32.500 --> 17:36.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT IS THE INSIDE
OF THE SAGUARO CACTUS.

17:36.033 --> 17:38.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND YOU SEE IT'S GOT
A WOODY SKELETON ON IT

17:38.700 --> 17:41.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LIKE SO MANY OF THE
LARGE CACTUS PLANTS DO

17:41.366 --> 17:43.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND AFTER IT'S DEAD
AND GONE

17:43.533 --> 17:45.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT BIG THING
STILL REMAINS.

17:45.800 --> 17:49.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AGAIN, A GOOD HOME FOR
ALL SORTS OF THINGS.

17:49.000 --> 17:50.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
EVEN AT THIS STAGE.

17:50.500 --> 17:51.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
IT ALMOST LOOKS

17:51.966 --> 17:54.233 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
LIKE THAT SAGUARO
GOT STARTED THERE
BY THE PALOVERDE.

17:54.233 --> 17:55.500 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
SO THAT MIGHT
HAVE BEEN

17:55.500 --> 17:57.000 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
A NURSE PLANT
ON THIS TREE.

17:57.000 --> 17:59.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
A LOT OF PEOPLE BELIEVE
THAT THESE SAGUAROS NEED

17:59.900 --> 18:01.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
A LITTLE EXTRA
PROTECTION FROM...

18:01.966 --> 18:03.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
MAINLY FROM COLD WEATHER

18:03.433 --> 18:06.433 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
AND IT FINDS IT
AT THE BASE OF
ONE OF THESE TREES

18:06.433 --> 18:07.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND A "NURSE" TREE
WOULD BE

18:07.633 --> 18:09.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
A REASONABLE NAME
FOR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.

18:09.666 --> 18:12.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SO THAT WOULD MAKE
THE PALOVERDE FAIRLY OLD

18:12.633 --> 18:15.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT IS A PRETTY
GOOD-SIZE TREE.

18:15.133 --> 18:16.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
LOOK RIGHT THERE.

18:16.300 --> 18:17.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
SEE ON THE GRASS?

18:17.366 --> 18:19.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SEE THE LITTLE INSECT
RIGHT THERE?

18:19.266 --> 18:21.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HE'S JUST CAUGHT...
THAT'S A ROBBER FLY

18:21.500 --> 18:23.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT'S JUST CAUGHT
ANOTHER FLY.

18:23.266 --> 18:26.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HE FLIES UP AND GRABS IT,
STICKS IN A LITTLE TUBE

18:26.133 --> 18:28.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND SUCKS OUT ALL THE FLUID
IN THAT OTHER FLY.

18:28.766 --> 18:30.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THERE'S
ANOTHER PREDATOR.

18:30.400 --> 18:32.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND PREDATOR-PREY
RELATIONSHIPS

18:32.233 --> 18:34.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ARE VERY CLEAR IN THE
DESERT AS ELSEWHERE.

18:34.600 --> 18:36.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND THEY'RE DOING WELL

18:36.166 --> 18:38.533 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
EVEN THOUGH THE
WIND'S BLOWING
THAT GRASS AROUND.

18:38.533 --> 18:40.166 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
LIVING AND
DYING DESERT.

18:40.166 --> 18:41.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IT'S GOING ON
ALL THE TIME.

18:42.833 --> 18:45.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LET'S EASE OVER
TO THIS PRICKLY PEAR NOW.

18:45.133 --> 18:48.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT'S SUCH A NICE ONE
WITH ALL THE FLOWERS ON IT.

18:48.966 --> 18:50.966 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
BOY, THOSE ARE
BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS,
AREN'T THEY?

18:50.966 --> 18:52.300 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
WAXY-LOOKING, RUDY.

18:52.300 --> 18:55.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WOW, LOOK AT ALL OF THE...
BOY, JUST UNFOLDING.

18:55.400 --> 18:58.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOK AT ALL THE REPRODUCTIVE
PARTS DOWN IN THERE--

18:58.066 --> 19:00.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ALL THE STAMENS
THAT PRODUCE POLLEN

19:00.066 --> 19:03.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEN THAT GREEN
AREA IN THE MIDDLE

19:03.166 --> 19:05.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IS THE FEMALE PARTS
OF THE FLOWER.

19:05.900 --> 19:09.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND AGAIN THOSE SPINES
THAT WE'VE TALKED ABOUT

19:09.033 --> 19:11.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
PROTECTING ITS INVESTMENT,
SO TO SPEAK

19:11.633 --> 19:13.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BECAUSE WATER IS STORED
IN THOSE STEMS.

19:13.666 --> 19:17.633 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
YOU SEE THE WAY
THE FLOWERS START
OFF KIND OF PINKISH

19:17.633 --> 19:19.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AS THEY'RE BEGINNING
TO OPEN

19:19.100 --> 19:20.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND THEN AS THEY OPEN UP

19:20.400 --> 19:22.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YOU SEE THE REAL COLOR
IS YELLOW

19:22.000 --> 19:23.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
ON THIS PRICKLY PEAR.

19:23.333 --> 19:26.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND AGAIN LOOKING IN THERE,
YOU SEE DAMAGE DONE

19:26.266 --> 19:28.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BY PROBABLY RODENTS
THAT ARE FEEDING ON IT

19:28.966 --> 19:33.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
EATING BETWEEN THE SPINES.

19:33.033 --> 19:34.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I'M SURE THERE'S
MORE TO SEE

19:34.966 --> 19:36.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
FURTHER DOWN THE LINE.

19:36.600 --> 19:37.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
<i>(♪♪)</i>

19:37.866 --> 19:40.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LET'S JUST HEAD ON
BACK TO THE TRAIL.

19:40.100 --> 19:47.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
<i>(♪♪)</i>

19:47.100 --> 19:49.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IT'S REALLY A BEAUTIFUL
VIEW BEHIND US

19:49.233 --> 19:51.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
OF THE RINCON MOUNTAINS

19:51.000 --> 19:53.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WITH THE SHADOWS
OF THE CLOUDS ON IT.

19:53.833 --> 19:55.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
SPECTACULAR PLACE.

19:55.066 --> 19:58.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
RUDY, THIS MONUMENT HAS
ALMOST 63,000 ACRES

19:58.100 --> 19:59.933 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
OF A SPECTACULAR
BEAUTY.

19:59.933 --> 20:01.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WELL, THERE ARE A LOT
OF SURPRISES

20:01.500 --> 20:03.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT'S
WHAT SO NICE.

20:03.033 --> 20:05.333 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
THESE RELATIONSHIPS
WE'VE BEEN TALKING
ABOUT ARE NICE, TOO.

20:05.333 --> 20:07.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THERE'S ANOTHER ONE
OF THE CACTI

20:07.033 --> 20:08.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
WITH FLOWERS ON IT.

20:08.166 --> 20:10.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOK AT THAT PINKISH
FLOWER ON THAT...

20:10.133 --> 20:12.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
AGAIN, THE WAXY LOOK.

20:12.333 --> 20:16.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
HEDGEHOG CACTI, AND AGAIN,
SPINES ALL OVER THE PLACE.

20:16.133 --> 20:18.000 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
SO MANY KINDS
OF CACTUS HERE

20:18.000 --> 20:19.400 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
AND IT'S HARD
TO IMAGINE

20:19.400 --> 20:22.133 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
THIS ONE IS IN
THE SAME FAMILY
AS THE SAGUARO.

20:22.133 --> 20:24.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
DIFFERENT SIZES, OF COURSE,
AND DIFFERENT SPECIES.

20:24.766 --> 20:26.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THIS ONE DOESN'T GET
MUCH LARGER THAN THAT

20:26.833 --> 20:28.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT THAT IS
A BEAUTIFUL FLOWER.

20:28.433 --> 20:30.933 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
VERY DIFFERENT FROM
SOME OF THE EARLY
ONES THAT WE'VE SEEN.

20:30.933 --> 20:32.466 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
POLLEN IN IT.

20:32.466 --> 20:34.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YEAH, YOU CAN SEE POLLEN
SCATTERED AROUND

20:34.366 --> 20:36.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHICH MEANS THAT'S
A FAIRLY FRESH FLOWER.

20:36.300 --> 20:40.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THE INSECTS HAVEN'T COME
AND TRANSFERRED THAT AWAY.

20:40.466 --> 20:42.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THERE ARE LOTS
OF INTERESTING THINGS.

20:42.100 --> 20:43.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
I'M JUST LOOKING AGAIN

20:43.133 --> 20:44.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AT THE PLANT
WE KEEP SEEING--

20:44.400 --> 20:46.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
MESQUITE--
ALL OVER THE PLACE.

20:46.033 --> 20:47.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NOW, WHY WOULD IT
DO SO WELL HERE?

20:47.733 --> 20:49.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IT HAS DEEP ROOTS
THAT GO DOWN

20:49.466 --> 20:51.933 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
AND I MEAN, WAY--
50, 100 FEET
SOME OF THEM

20:51.933 --> 20:53.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
DOWN IN THE GROUND.

20:53.100 --> 20:55.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SO WHEN EVERYTHING
ELSE IS FAIRLY DRY

20:55.333 --> 20:57.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THEY HAVE ACCESS
TO WATER IN THE GROUND

20:57.566 --> 20:59.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHICH MAKES A REAL
BIG DIFFERENCE

20:59.433 --> 21:01.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND YOU SEE THEY'RE
DOING VERY WELL HERE.

21:01.866 --> 21:03.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
LIFE IN THE DESERT
IS ONE OF ADAPTATION.

21:03.966 --> 21:06.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WELL, SURVIVAL IS
THE BOTTOM LINE, OF COURSE

21:06.266 --> 21:08.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND YOU'VE GOT TO
COME UP WITH WAYS

21:08.100 --> 21:09.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
TO PUT UP WITH
HOT TEMPERATURES

21:09.700 --> 21:12.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEN COLD TEMPERATURES
QUICKLY FOLLOWING

21:12.033 --> 21:13.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AND A LACK OF WATER.

21:13.366 --> 21:16.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THESE PLANTS AND THESE
ANIMALS THAT WE'VE SEEN

21:16.066 --> 21:17.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OF COURSE,
HAVE DONE THAT.

21:17.600 --> 21:18.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
SPEAKING OF ANIMALS

21:18.600 --> 21:19.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOK RIGHT
OVER HERE, JIM.

21:19.733 --> 21:21.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
RIGHT OVER HERE
ON THE SIDE.

21:21.200 --> 21:23.166 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
AGAIN A BEAUTIFUL
SNAKE!

21:23.166 --> 21:25.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NOW, LOOK AT THE MARKINGS
ON THAT.

21:25.233 --> 21:26.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THAT, AT FIRST GLANCE

21:26.366 --> 21:28.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOKS A LITTLE BIT
LIKE THE RATTLESNAKE

21:28.233 --> 21:29.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT NOW, THIS IS
A NONPOISONOUS ONE

21:29.766 --> 21:31.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
USUALLY CALLED
A GOPHER SNAKE

21:31.333 --> 21:33.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BECAUSE IT GOES
DOWN IN GOPHER HOLES

21:33.333 --> 21:35.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND FEEDS ON GOPHERS
AND OTHER RODENTS.

21:35.500 --> 21:37.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ANOTHER NAME FOR THAT
IS A BULL SNAKE.

21:37.600 --> 21:39.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOK AT THE ROUNDED
HEAD, THOUGH.

21:39.433 --> 21:40.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YOU SEE,
IT'S NOT SO FLAT

21:40.866 --> 21:42.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LIKE IT WAS
ON THE RATTLESNAKE.

21:42.666 --> 21:45.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OF COURSE, NO PIT,
ROUND PUPIL IN THE EYE

21:45.000 --> 21:46.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
BUT BEAUTIFULLY MARKED.

21:46.366 --> 21:47.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT IS
A CONSTRICTOR

21:47.800 --> 21:49.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ONE VERY, VERY
POWERFUL SNAKE

21:49.933 --> 21:52.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT GRABS ITS PREY
AND THEN SQUEEZES

21:52.733 --> 21:54.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
UNTIL THE PREY
IS UNCONSCIOUS

21:54.900 --> 21:59.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEN IT SWALLOWS
THE ANIMAL BASICALLY ALIVE.

21:59.366 --> 22:01.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT ONE
REALLY COULD BE

22:01.200 --> 22:02.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THE SONORAN GOPHER SNAKE

22:02.800 --> 22:05.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THAT WOULD MAKE IT
VERY SPECIAL

22:05.066 --> 22:08.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BEING FOUND RIGHT HERE
IN THE SONORAN DESERT.

22:08.000 --> 22:10.066 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
IS THAT ONE THAT
PEOPLE SOMETIMES
MAKE A PET OF?

22:10.066 --> 22:11.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT'S ONE THAT'S OFTEN
COLLECTED AS A PET.

22:11.966 --> 22:14.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
EVERYTHING IN THIS MONUMENT
NOW IS PROTECTED.

22:14.200 --> 22:15.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
PLANTS AND ANIMALS HERE

22:15.500 --> 22:17.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHETHER THEY'RE POISONOUS
OR NOT, ARE PROTECTED.

22:17.733 --> 22:19.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
REALLY IS IMPORTANT
TO HAVE

22:19.066 --> 22:20.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NATIONAL MONUMENTS
LIKE THIS

22:20.466 --> 22:21.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
TO PROTECT ANIMALS
LIKE THAT

22:21.866 --> 22:23.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND ALL THESE PLANTS
THAT WE'VE SEEN.

22:23.766 --> 22:25.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
SO MUCH DIVERSITY HERE.

22:25.033 --> 22:26.200 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30%
OH, YEAH.

22:26.200 --> 22:28.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NOW, THERE'S ONE
THAT WE SAW EARLIER.

22:28.466 --> 22:32.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOK AT THE FLOWERS
AT THE TOP, RED.

22:32.466 --> 22:34.066 align:left position:67.5% line:89% size:22.5%
OCOTILLO.

22:34.066 --> 22:35.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
NOW, THAT, AT FIRST
GLANCE, SPINY THING--

22:35.933 --> 22:37.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOKS A LITTLE LIKE
A CACTUS, DOESN'T IT?

22:37.866 --> 22:38.933 align:left position:70% line:89% size:20%
MM-HMM.

22:38.933 --> 22:40.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AGAIN, MOST OF THE TIME

22:40.566 --> 22:43.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WE'VE SAID CACTUSES
REALLY DON'T HAVE LEAVES.

22:43.700 --> 22:45.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THEY HAVE ENLARGED STEMS

22:45.233 --> 22:47.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEY, OF COURSE,
HAVE SPINES COMING OUT

22:47.966 --> 22:49.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ON THOSE LITTLE
PROJECTIONS.

22:49.733 --> 22:50.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THAT ONE HAS SPINES

22:50.900 --> 22:52.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT YOU SEE
THE LEAVES ON IT?

22:52.600 --> 22:53.700 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
LITTLE TINY LEAVES.

22:53.700 --> 22:55.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
UH-HUH, AND THOSE LEAVES
WILL STAY ON

22:55.533 --> 22:57.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AS LONG AS THERE'S
ENOUGH MOISTURE.

22:57.333 --> 22:58.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
WHEN TIMES GET HARD

22:58.466 --> 23:00.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THE FIRST THINGS TO GO
ARE YOUR LEAVES.

23:00.366 --> 23:01.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
DROP THEM OFF.

23:01.633 --> 23:03.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THOSE PLANTS DO
VERY WELL HERE

23:03.066 --> 23:05.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND AGAIN, FLOWERING
THIS TIME OF THE YEAR

23:05.100 --> 23:07.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SUPPLYING FOOD
FOR HUMMINGBIRDS

23:07.166 --> 23:08.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND A VARIETY
OF INSECTS.

23:08.933 --> 23:10.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
AND THOSE FLOWERS ARE
SO COLORFUL.

23:10.733 --> 23:12.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YEAH, REALLY BRIGHTENS
THIS PLACE UP.

23:12.766 --> 23:15.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THEN, OF COURSE, THE CACTUS,
NOW, RIGHT NEXT TO IT--

23:15.800 --> 23:17.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
VERY DIFFERENT-
LOOKING PLANT

23:17.500 --> 23:19.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHEN YOU SEE
THE TWO TOGETHER.

23:19.833 --> 23:23.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THE CHOLLA CACTUS DOING
RATHER NICELY THERE.

23:23.300 --> 23:24.900 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
GOSH, THERE'S
MUCH TO SEE.

23:24.900 --> 23:27.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHY DON'T WE JUST
HEAD ON DOWN THE WAY?

23:27.033 --> 23:36.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
<i>(♪♪)</i>

23:36.500 --> 23:39.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WE'VE SEEN A GREAT DEAL
OF DIVERSITY TODAY

23:39.100 --> 23:41.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
BUT WHENEVER I THINK
OF THE SONORAN DESERT

23:41.700 --> 23:43.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I THINK OF THIS PLANT
RIGHT HERE.

23:43.766 --> 23:45.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THE SAGUARO CACTUS TO ME

23:45.600 --> 23:48.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IS ABOVE AND BEYOND
EVERYTHING ELSE.

23:48.300 --> 23:49.700 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30%
MAGNIFICENT.

23:49.700 --> 23:51.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WOW! REACHING UP
TO THE BLUE SKY.

23:51.833 --> 23:53.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YOU CAN HEAR
THE WIND WHISTLING

23:53.833 --> 23:55.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
AROUND THOSE SPINES.

23:55.100 --> 23:57.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND LOOK AT ALL OF
THE WOODPECKER HOLES.

23:57.433 --> 23:59.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I'VE HEARD THAT A GILA
WOODPECKER WILL MAKE

23:59.633 --> 24:01.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
FIVE OR SIX NESTS
OR HOLES IN ONE YEAR.

24:01.466 --> 24:03.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND YOU KNOW, THEY DON'T
USUALLY REUSE THEM MUCH

24:03.733 --> 24:05.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
SO ELF OWLS CAN COME IN

24:05.133 --> 24:07.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OR A SNAKE OR
ANOTHER WOODPECKER

24:07.066 --> 24:08.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OR MANY OTHER ANIMALS
USE THEM.

24:08.933 --> 24:10.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SAGUARO IS
REALLY THE BASIS

24:10.633 --> 24:13.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
FOR A LOT OF INTERESTING
RELATIONSHIPS

24:13.100 --> 24:15.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEN YOU COME DOWN
FROM THAT TALL STALK

24:15.866 --> 24:17.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND LOOK AT
THE ROOTS, JIM.

24:17.600 --> 24:18.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LOOK HOW BIG
THOSE ROOTS ARE.

24:18.966 --> 24:20.933 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IT LOOKS MORE LIKE
A TREE DOWN HERE

24:20.933 --> 24:22.333 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
BUT, OF COURSE,
IT'S NOT A TREE.

24:22.333 --> 24:23.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
GOING DOWN DEEP
IN THE GROUND

24:23.766 --> 24:25.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AS WELL AS OUT,
GATHERING MOISTURE.

24:25.566 --> 24:27.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WE SAID THAT'S
SO IMPORTANT

24:27.666 --> 24:30.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
TO KEEP THESE ANIMALS...
KEEP THESE PLANTS ALIVE.

24:30.500 --> 24:33.000 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
AND, OF COURSE,
IT ALSO KEEPS ANIMALS
ALIVE IN SOME WAYS.

24:33.000 --> 24:34.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ONE OF THE
INTERESTING THINGS--

24:34.900 --> 24:36.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I NOTICED THIS
WALKING IN--

24:36.533 --> 24:38.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THAT HAPPENS SOMETIMES

24:38.133 --> 24:40.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
IS THAT WHEN
THE WOODPECKER DRILLS IN

24:40.466 --> 24:41.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
THIS PLANT FORMS

24:41.533 --> 24:43.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WHAT'S CALLED A CALLUS
AROUND IT

24:43.666 --> 24:46.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND SOMETIMES CREATES THINGS
THAT LOOK LIKE THIS.

24:46.366 --> 24:49.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THE WOODPECKER, YOU SEE,
ON THIS OLD CACTUS

24:49.133 --> 24:51.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
CAME IN AND DRILLED
A HOLE RIGHT HERE

24:51.533 --> 24:53.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
RIGHT WHERE I'M
PUTTING MY FINGER.

24:53.366 --> 24:56.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND, OF COURSE, THAT DRILLED
IN FIRST AND THEN--

24:56.033 --> 24:58.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LET'S JUST
TURN IT SIDEWAYS--

24:58.100 --> 25:00.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
DRILLED THROUGH THE WALL
OF THE CACTUS

25:00.733 --> 25:03.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND DOWN IN THE INSIDE
OF THE CACTUS

25:03.300 --> 25:04.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
TO FORM A LARGE CAVITY.

25:04.700 --> 25:05.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
WHAT THE CACTUS DID WAS

25:05.866 --> 25:07.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
FORM A CALLUS
TO WALL IT OFF.

25:07.366 --> 25:08.400 align:left position:80% line:89% size:10%
HMM.

25:08.400 --> 25:10.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LET'S JUST TILT IT
OVER LIKE THIS

25:10.866 --> 25:14.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND YOU CAN SEE THAT LARGE
SPACE IN THERE, YOU SEE

25:14.866 --> 25:16.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
FOR THE NEST CAVITY.

25:16.500 --> 25:18.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT'S WHAT THE WOODPECKER
USED TO NEST IN.

25:18.866 --> 25:21.266 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
IT'S A GOURD-LIKE
CONTAINER.

25:21.266 --> 25:22.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
A GOURD-LIKE SUBSTANCE

25:22.933 --> 25:25.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT BASICALLY WAS FORMED
BY THE CACTUS

25:25.833 --> 25:27.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
IN RESPONSE TO INJURY

25:27.433 --> 25:29.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT WAS CAUSED
BY THE WOODPECKER.

25:29.333 --> 25:32.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND SOMETIMES THESE ARE
ACTUALLY CALLED "BOOTS"

25:32.000 --> 25:33.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
BECAUSE OF THE ODD SHAPE.

25:33.433 --> 25:34.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
THE BOOT IS QUITE UNIQUE

25:34.833 --> 25:37.133 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
BUT SO IS THE
22 MILLION SEEDS

25:37.133 --> 25:39.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
THE SAGUARO PUTS OUT
IN A LIFETIME.

25:39.833 --> 25:41.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THERE ARE A LOT
OF PLANTS NOW

25:41.133 --> 25:42.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT PUT OUT A GREAT
NUMBER OF SEEDS.

25:42.800 --> 25:44.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
YOU REMEMBER
WE STARTED TALKING

25:44.233 --> 25:46.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ABOUT YELLOW
PLANTS EARLIER

25:46.066 --> 25:47.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THERE'S ONE
CALLED PAPER FLOWER

25:47.666 --> 25:49.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT DOES THE SAME THING
THE CACTUS DOES--

25:49.600 --> 25:51.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
PRODUCES TREMENDOUS
NUMBERS OF SEED.

25:51.733 --> 25:53.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
MOST OF THEM
DO NOT MAKE IT.

25:53.200 --> 25:55.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
OF COURSE, OTHER THINGS
FEED ON THEM.

25:55.100 --> 25:57.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THERE'S SOME PLANTS THAT
ACTUALLY COME UP FROM SEED

25:57.733 --> 25:59.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT LAST FOR
YEARS AND YEARS

25:59.066 --> 26:00.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
LIVE ONLY A SHORT TIME
AND DIE.

26:00.533 --> 26:02.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
AND THEN, OF COURSE,
WE'VE SEEN PLANTS TODAY

26:02.533 --> 26:03.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
THAT HAVE TO PUT UP
WITH DROUGHT

26:03.966 --> 26:05.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WITH HOT AND COLD
FOR A LONG TIME.

26:05.466 --> 26:07.200 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
THIS MIGHT BE
A DIFFICULT
PLACE TO LIVE

26:07.200 --> 26:08.400 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
BUT A GRAND PLACE
TO VISIT.

26:08.400 --> 26:09.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
WELL, IT IS
A FANTASTIC PLACE:

26:09.800 --> 26:11.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
SAGUARO NATIONAL MONUMENT
NEAR TUCSON.

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WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO COME
AND SEE IT FOR YOURSELF

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AND TO FIND PLACES
LIKE THIS

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TO SEE HOW NATURE
PUTS THINGS TOGETHER

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AND WHAT IT TAKES
TO SURVIVE.

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JOIN US AGAIN ON
THE NEXT <i>NATURE SCENE.</i>

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<i>(♪♪)</i>

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<i>(♪♪)</i>