1 00:00:00,133 --> 00:00:05,666 ♪ 2 00:00:08,333 --> 00:00:11,900 (waves rumbling) 3 00:00:11,900 --> 00:00:21,900 ♪ 4 00:00:21,900 --> 00:00:33,900 ♪ 5 00:00:35,900 --> 00:00:37,133 >> Well, it's hard to believe 6 00:00:37,133 --> 00:00:39,200 all the animals lives that are represented 7 00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:41,400 by these shells you see on the beach. 8 00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:42,733 It's very interesting. 9 00:00:42,733 --> 00:00:45,533 >> Hello, I'm Beryl Dakers, and with me, of course, 10 00:00:45,533 --> 00:00:47,633 is Rudy Mancke, natural history curator 11 00:00:47,633 --> 00:00:50,033 for the South Carolina Museum Commission. 12 00:00:50,033 --> 00:00:51,866 Beachcombing isn't really what you expect 13 00:00:51,866 --> 00:00:54,000 this time of year, but for some reason, 14 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:55,266 this seems to be a pretty good time. 15 00:00:55,266 --> 00:00:57,200 It's been very productive for us. 16 00:00:57,200 --> 00:00:58,366 >> I think a couple of things 17 00:00:58,366 --> 00:01:00,000 really make it special this time, 18 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,900 and that is that Hurricane David has recently visited this area, 19 00:01:03,900 --> 00:01:06,800 and the high winds caused high tides, 20 00:01:06,800 --> 00:01:08,466 and it's really churned up the beach 21 00:01:08,466 --> 00:01:10,500 and has caused a lot of death 22 00:01:10,500 --> 00:01:12,100 out there in the shallow ocean, 23 00:01:12,100 --> 00:01:15,100 as many of the animals out there were tossed ashore. 24 00:01:15,100 --> 00:01:16,600 And of course, they could not survive. 25 00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:19,666 And we'll see their bits and pieces, 26 00:01:19,666 --> 00:01:21,666 what's left of them anyway, today. 27 00:01:21,666 --> 00:01:23,866 Probably all the soft parts are gone by now. 28 00:01:23,866 --> 00:01:25,800 We may get lucky and find an animal at home, 29 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,966 but usually you find leftovers like we found here. 30 00:01:28,966 --> 00:01:30,866 >> Oh, and we found some beauties. 31 00:01:30,866 --> 00:01:33,400 You know, I have been searching for sand dollars for ages, 32 00:01:33,400 --> 00:01:35,900 but usually you find bits and pieces, 33 00:01:35,900 --> 00:01:39,700 but this beach just seems to be strewn with intact sand dollars. 34 00:01:39,700 --> 00:01:42,466 Well, the bottom was ripped up by the wave action. 35 00:01:42,466 --> 00:01:43,533 And these animals live 36 00:01:43,533 --> 00:01:45,733 right on the surface of the sand under the water, 37 00:01:45,733 --> 00:01:47,833 and they get tossed up very quickly. 38 00:01:47,833 --> 00:01:50,300 When they're alive, they're really more 39 00:01:50,300 --> 00:01:52,966 of a purplish brown color than this. 40 00:01:52,966 --> 00:01:55,966 These are very dry and doesn't really give you the feeling 41 00:01:55,966 --> 00:01:58,166 for what the animal looked like when he was alive. 42 00:01:58,166 --> 00:02:00,600 >> He must be a very tiny little animal, though, 43 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:02,000 if he fits inside this. 44 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:03,866 >> Well, he's sort of compressed, yeah, 45 00:02:03,866 --> 00:02:05,800 like a pancake, fills those spaces. 46 00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:08,900 The mouth, you know, is on the bottom here. 47 00:02:08,900 --> 00:02:11,300 You can see the mouth opening there 48 00:02:11,300 --> 00:02:12,366 and little plates there, 49 00:02:12,366 --> 00:02:15,000 five of them inside to crush the food. 50 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:18,200 This animal feeds on mainly worms. 51 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:21,766 Some small shelled animals out there it also feeds on. 52 00:02:21,766 --> 00:02:24,866 But this is related, you know, to the starfish. 53 00:02:24,866 --> 00:02:26,000 You see any clues to that? 54 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:27,633 >> Sure, the design there. 55 00:02:27,633 --> 00:02:29,000 >> The five parted design, 56 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:31,533 the five holes here, and I picked up 57 00:02:31,533 --> 00:02:35,500 another left over of an animal called a sea urchin, 58 00:02:35,500 --> 00:02:37,566 which used to have some spines coming off. 59 00:02:37,566 --> 00:02:39,666 They break off pretty quickly. 60 00:02:39,666 --> 00:02:42,600 And this animal also, you can see five 61 00:02:42,600 --> 00:02:44,933 markings on the leftovers here. 62 00:02:44,933 --> 00:02:46,333 >> He's related? >> He's related. 63 00:02:46,333 --> 00:02:48,333 It's the same group of animals. 64 00:02:48,333 --> 00:02:50,966 You'll notice that the design comes in five parts. 65 00:02:50,966 --> 00:02:52,433 And that's really typical 66 00:02:52,433 --> 00:02:55,133 of the animals that are called the Echinoderms, 67 00:02:55,133 --> 00:02:58,533 which means spiny-skinned animals. 68 00:02:58,533 --> 00:03:00,300 They're the only group, large group, 69 00:03:00,300 --> 00:03:03,133 that's found exclusively in oceans, 70 00:03:03,133 --> 00:03:05,333 not on land and not in freshwater. 71 00:03:05,333 --> 00:03:07,733 >> Does that mean that these are not seashells? 72 00:03:07,733 --> 00:03:09,733 >> Oh no, they're not really seashells at all. 73 00:03:09,733 --> 00:03:11,166 This is made out of 74 00:03:11,166 --> 00:03:12,500 almost the same material, 75 00:03:12,500 --> 00:03:14,433 but it's put together in quite a different way. 76 00:03:14,433 --> 00:03:16,900 And again, the clue to the Echinoderm group 77 00:03:16,900 --> 00:03:20,333 is that it comes, it's body comes in five parts. 78 00:03:20,333 --> 00:03:21,533 They're not found on land 79 00:03:21,533 --> 00:03:23,100 and not found in freshwater at all. 80 00:03:23,100 --> 00:03:24,500 So they're kind of a special group -- 81 00:03:24,500 --> 00:03:26,200 -- Well, we're learning. -- to meet, yeah. 82 00:03:26,200 --> 00:03:29,766 >> Let's move on down by the water and see what we can find. 83 00:03:29,766 --> 00:03:30,733 >> This is interesting 84 00:03:30,733 --> 00:03:34,333 because it's a little of the Mother Ocean. 85 00:03:34,333 --> 00:03:35,466 It's left and trapped 86 00:03:35,466 --> 00:03:37,766 and there are many animals that are active down there. 87 00:03:37,766 --> 00:03:39,433 If you look carefully, you can even see 88 00:03:39,433 --> 00:03:42,066 little hermit crabs crawling around on the bottom. 89 00:03:42,066 --> 00:03:44,433 And one thing I think it's good to start off with today 90 00:03:44,433 --> 00:03:47,533 is that all of the animal life that we see 91 00:03:47,533 --> 00:03:51,833 could not exist at all without the plants. 92 00:03:51,833 --> 00:03:54,066 We need to make that point over and over again. 93 00:03:54,066 --> 00:03:55,866 The plankton out there in the ocean is 94 00:03:55,866 --> 00:03:58,566 what's responsible for most of the food 95 00:03:58,566 --> 00:04:01,066 that's produced in the ocean, but look right down here. 96 00:04:01,066 --> 00:04:03,966 I think you can see, see the green seaweed, 97 00:04:03,966 --> 00:04:06,200 the algae that's very common in the ocean. 98 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:09,000 And you can really see it very distinctly here. 99 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:10,733 So they not only feed on each other, 100 00:04:10,733 --> 00:04:12,733 but they have a ready food supply there. 101 00:04:12,733 --> 00:04:14,866 Yeah, and really all the energy for life 102 00:04:14,866 --> 00:04:15,933 comes from the sun. 103 00:04:15,933 --> 00:04:18,200 And there are only a few living things, really, 104 00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:21,666 that can trap it, and almost all of them are the green plants. 105 00:04:21,666 --> 00:04:23,966 And animals have to continue to kind of take it away 106 00:04:23,966 --> 00:04:27,966 from the plant material and use it for ourselves. 107 00:04:27,966 --> 00:04:29,300 It's fun to play here. 108 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:31,433 Let's keep walking, though, and see what else we can see 109 00:04:31,433 --> 00:04:35,466 (ocean waves rumbling). 110 00:04:35,466 --> 00:04:37,100 You know, sometimes it's hard on a beach 111 00:04:37,100 --> 00:04:41,666 this littered with shells to pick out good things. 112 00:04:41,666 --> 00:04:44,400 >> (laughs) That's strange being really selective. 113 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:45,866 >> Yeah, this is one of the few times, 114 00:04:45,866 --> 00:04:48,100 but after storms is a perfect time. 115 00:04:48,100 --> 00:04:50,333 Anybody who enjoys beachcombing 116 00:04:50,333 --> 00:04:51,666 gets on the beaches 117 00:04:51,666 --> 00:04:53,833 after the storms unquestionably. 118 00:04:53,833 --> 00:04:56,833 Beryl, you know, the ocean, 119 00:04:56,833 --> 00:05:00,100 the beach area by the ocean, is a very dynamic place. 120 00:05:00,100 --> 00:05:01,500 It's changing all the time 121 00:05:01,500 --> 00:05:03,633 and it's one of the exciting things about coming. 122 00:05:03,633 --> 00:05:05,866 These trees here we're doing much better, 123 00:05:05,866 --> 00:05:07,566 you see, before Hurricane David. 124 00:05:07,566 --> 00:05:09,700 I see a little green coming out from the base, 125 00:05:09,700 --> 00:05:11,033 but most of their life 126 00:05:11,033 --> 00:05:13,400 has been sapped away because of the high tide. 127 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:14,766 How can you tell, though, 128 00:05:14,766 --> 00:05:17,333 that that tree was alive that recently? 129 00:05:17,333 --> 00:05:18,800 Well, I've been here a while, 130 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:20,600 you know, not too long ago, and I've seen it. 131 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:23,133 But you see the green coming out right at the base there. 132 00:05:23,133 --> 00:05:25,500 And that tells us that it's just beginning to sprout back. 133 00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:27,166 It should have leaves all over it. 134 00:05:27,166 --> 00:05:29,700 But they're all knocked off now by the storm. 135 00:05:29,700 --> 00:05:32,700 Of course, you can see where the ocean has come in here, 136 00:05:32,700 --> 00:05:34,866 and look at it, even attacking the saltmarsh 137 00:05:34,866 --> 00:05:36,733 out in the distance. 138 00:05:36,733 --> 00:05:39,266 I've got a nice thing here that we need to talk about. 139 00:05:39,266 --> 00:05:42,533 Let's just walk a minute more and see what we can pick up, 140 00:05:42,533 --> 00:05:45,966 and then we can take a look at what we've got. 141 00:05:45,966 --> 00:05:46,866 There's something that's interesting. 142 00:05:46,866 --> 00:05:50,000 Here's something too that's kind of nice. 143 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:51,833 And here -- 144 00:05:51,833 --> 00:05:54,100 >> It's a stringy mass inside the shell. 145 00:05:54,100 --> 00:05:55,633 >> All right, Beryl, let me ask you first, 146 00:05:55,633 --> 00:05:57,100 do you remember from an earlier show 147 00:05:57,100 --> 00:06:00,200 what kind of shell you picked up? 148 00:06:00,200 --> 00:06:01,633 If my mother had picked that up, 149 00:06:01,633 --> 00:06:03,766 she'd have called it a conch shell. 150 00:06:03,766 --> 00:06:05,333 It's not really a true conch. 151 00:06:05,333 --> 00:06:07,300 >> No, this one is a channel whelk. 152 00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:08,700 >> Exactly, the channeled whelk. 153 00:06:08,700 --> 00:06:10,266 Those channels are very, very distinctive 154 00:06:10,266 --> 00:06:11,766 in the front edge there. 155 00:06:11,766 --> 00:06:14,533 But the little things that you see inside that 156 00:06:14,533 --> 00:06:17,433 do look sort of odd are tubes 157 00:06:17,433 --> 00:06:20,633 produced by another animal, one of the worms. 158 00:06:20,633 --> 00:06:24,700 And you see when these animals that lived in these shells die, 159 00:06:24,700 --> 00:06:27,333 the shell is not just tossed aside and never used again. 160 00:06:27,333 --> 00:06:30,300 There are other animals that move in very, very quickly. 161 00:06:30,300 --> 00:06:32,333 These animals like to find solid places 162 00:06:32,333 --> 00:06:33,566 to build their tubes. 163 00:06:33,566 --> 00:06:34,900 The sand, which is shifting, 164 00:06:34,900 --> 00:06:37,233 is not the kind of place that you want to live on. 165 00:06:37,233 --> 00:06:40,133 And so this shell is, in a sense, being recycled 166 00:06:40,133 --> 00:06:44,266 or reused by another variety of animal out in the ocean. 167 00:06:44,266 --> 00:06:46,400 >> It's like nature's been recycling for a long time. 168 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:47,800 >> You know, a lot of people think that's something 169 00:06:47,800 --> 00:06:50,233 that we came up with a few years ago, it's not. 170 00:06:50,233 --> 00:06:51,833 (laughs) Nature does that all the time. 171 00:06:51,833 --> 00:06:54,033 We're all recycled material. 172 00:06:54,033 --> 00:06:56,866 That's what's so magical about nature and life. 173 00:06:56,866 --> 00:06:58,500 It continues to continue. 174 00:06:58,500 --> 00:07:00,366 >> That is a beautiful shell! 175 00:07:00,366 --> 00:07:03,600 >> On the show last time, we talked about scotch bonnets. 176 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:06,433 It's bonnet shaped, and it, of course, has the plaid, 177 00:07:06,433 --> 00:07:08,500 scotch plaid coloration. 178 00:07:08,500 --> 00:07:10,300 State shell of North Carolina. 179 00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:12,633 Remember, it feeds on Echinoderms, 180 00:07:12,633 --> 00:07:16,466 especially the sand dollars that we were looking at. 181 00:07:16,466 --> 00:07:17,900 And so a lot of sand dollars. 182 00:07:17,900 --> 00:07:19,933 You have a lot of these shells surviving. 183 00:07:19,933 --> 00:07:21,966 This is the biggest one and the nicest one 184 00:07:21,966 --> 00:07:24,700 I've ever seen on the beaches of South Carolina. 185 00:07:24,700 --> 00:07:26,933 And again, you see the colors. 186 00:07:26,933 --> 00:07:28,033 They haven't been bleached. 187 00:07:28,033 --> 00:07:30,266 This animal hasn't been on the beach long. 188 00:07:30,266 --> 00:07:33,666 And that's why if you really like a lot of nice shells, 189 00:07:33,666 --> 00:07:35,200 you come after a good storm. 190 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:36,933 Look at this thing! 191 00:07:36,933 --> 00:07:39,633 This is one of the mud crabs. 192 00:07:39,633 --> 00:07:41,300 Some people call them stone crabs. 193 00:07:41,300 --> 00:07:42,966 This is just the top part of the body. 194 00:07:42,966 --> 00:07:44,733 >> It looks like pottery. >> Yeah. 195 00:07:44,733 --> 00:07:47,400 Look at this. Here is this front leg. 196 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:48,900 It's modified a great deal. 197 00:07:48,900 --> 00:07:50,766 And you see the size of that claw. 198 00:07:50,766 --> 00:07:52,400 >> I don't think he's been dead too long (laughs). 199 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:54,033 >> It hadn't been dead terribly long. 200 00:07:54,033 --> 00:07:55,200 No, but look at that thing. 201 00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:57,366 It's called the stone crab, because it lives in stones, 202 00:07:57,366 --> 00:07:59,666 and it does have a very hard shell in the claw, 203 00:07:59,666 --> 00:08:01,500 and the flesh in there, 204 00:08:01,500 --> 00:08:03,866 before it decays, obviously, is edible. 205 00:08:03,866 --> 00:08:05,633 >> Is that claw as powerful as it looks? 206 00:08:05,633 --> 00:08:06,566 >> Extremely powerful. 207 00:08:06,566 --> 00:08:07,933 Matter of fact, this animal feeds 208 00:08:07,933 --> 00:08:09,433 on young oysters, 209 00:08:09,433 --> 00:08:10,666 so it can actually 210 00:08:10,666 --> 00:08:14,233 put enough force on the tips there to crush oyster shells. 211 00:08:14,233 --> 00:08:15,900 And that's a tremendous amount of force. 212 00:08:15,900 --> 00:08:17,200 >> I don't think I'd want my finger 213 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:18,633 to come in contact with them either. 214 00:08:18,633 --> 00:08:20,466 The most common crab, let's just get down 215 00:08:20,466 --> 00:08:22,266 and look at these a second, 216 00:08:22,266 --> 00:08:24,600 because they're kind of interesting. 217 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:27,533 The most common crab, I think, to people in South Carolina, 218 00:08:27,533 --> 00:08:30,266 is the blue crab, probably because it's edible. 219 00:08:30,266 --> 00:08:33,066 >> And because it has such a beautiful blue coloring. 220 00:08:33,066 --> 00:08:34,300 >> Yeah, you can really see the blue 221 00:08:34,300 --> 00:08:37,500 on the front legs there. 222 00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:39,700 And of course, these pincers 223 00:08:39,700 --> 00:08:42,066 are really nicely made to grab people. 224 00:08:42,066 --> 00:08:43,433 They're protective devices, 225 00:08:43,433 --> 00:08:45,500 but the animal also gets food with it. 226 00:08:45,500 --> 00:08:47,000 Those look like teeth. Yeah, it does look it. 227 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:51,166 These things have sharp spines on the on the carapace here. 228 00:08:51,166 --> 00:08:52,600 And you can actually tell 229 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:55,833 whether these crabs are males or females pretty easily. 230 00:08:55,833 --> 00:08:57,666 And we've got, I think, examples of both here. 231 00:08:57,666 --> 00:08:59,933 Most probably female crabs 232 00:08:59,933 --> 00:09:01,833 usually get larger than the males, 233 00:09:01,833 --> 00:09:04,033 but you see the way the abdomen which folds up 234 00:09:04,033 --> 00:09:08,133 under the body is real broad and flat in the female. 235 00:09:08,133 --> 00:09:11,866 And she, during the spring and summer, has a mass of eggs 236 00:09:11,866 --> 00:09:13,133 that she protects right here 237 00:09:13,133 --> 00:09:14,833 in this part of her abdomen. See? 238 00:09:14,833 --> 00:09:16,633 And that covers up over it. 239 00:09:16,633 --> 00:09:18,033 The male on the other hand -- 240 00:09:18,033 --> 00:09:19,233 Well, he doesn't have a -- 241 00:09:19,233 --> 00:09:20,633 -- has an abdomen like this. 242 00:09:20,633 --> 00:09:23,233 It's very, very skinny, narrow. 243 00:09:23,233 --> 00:09:25,266 And, of course, it doesn't function 244 00:09:25,266 --> 00:09:26,800 as an egg storage device. 245 00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:28,300 And so it's very easy 246 00:09:28,300 --> 00:09:31,300 to tell the difference in sexes of these animals 247 00:09:31,300 --> 00:09:32,400 on the beach. 248 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:34,833 But this is one of the crabs that is edible. 249 00:09:34,833 --> 00:09:37,866 Two more whelks before we leave. 250 00:09:37,866 --> 00:09:41,700 This one, you recall, I believe, is the 251 00:09:41,700 --> 00:09:43,066 most common whelk we've got. 252 00:09:43,066 --> 00:09:44,466 And I'll just mention it quickly. 253 00:09:44,466 --> 00:09:45,566 It has knobs. 254 00:09:45,566 --> 00:09:47,733 Common name would be -- -- the knob whelk. 255 00:09:47,733 --> 00:09:50,633 >> Knobbed whelk, right. Very common in South Carolina. 256 00:09:50,633 --> 00:09:53,466 And the other one here, which has an opening that is 257 00:09:53,466 --> 00:09:55,933 instead of being on the right side, 258 00:09:55,933 --> 00:09:59,633 on the left side of the body is the lightning whelk. 259 00:09:59,633 --> 00:10:02,466 and these three whelks are very, very common in South Carolina, 260 00:10:02,466 --> 00:10:04,233 especially, again, after storms. 261 00:10:04,233 --> 00:10:06,400 Let's see what else we can find further down the way. 262 00:10:06,400 --> 00:10:07,566 >> Okay. 263 00:10:07,566 --> 00:10:11,566 (footfalls) 264 00:10:11,566 --> 00:10:15,566 (shells crunching) 265 00:10:16,733 --> 00:10:19,166 >> It's from about this level down toward the beach 266 00:10:19,166 --> 00:10:21,266 that's nice, and when the tide's going out, of course, 267 00:10:21,266 --> 00:10:23,300 it's especially nice time to look 268 00:10:23,300 --> 00:10:25,833 because you've got more beach to to take to take a look at. 269 00:10:25,833 --> 00:10:27,833 >> Rudy, what's that orange material? 270 00:10:27,833 --> 00:10:30,600 >> The common name for it is sea pork, 271 00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:32,466 because it does look kind of porky 272 00:10:32,466 --> 00:10:34,300 and it does come from the ocean, 273 00:10:34,300 --> 00:10:35,700 but it's a colony of animals 274 00:10:35,700 --> 00:10:38,700 that are attached to something solid out there in the sand. 275 00:10:38,700 --> 00:10:41,100 And really, these animals are very closely related 276 00:10:41,100 --> 00:10:42,500 to animals with a backbone 277 00:10:42,500 --> 00:10:45,300 which would be animals, you know, like us. 278 00:10:45,300 --> 00:10:48,300 The name sea pork is common. >> He looks like a big pile of muscle or something. 279 00:10:48,300 --> 00:10:49,600 Yeah. I really can't -- 280 00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:51,733 >> Sometimes it's that orange color, 281 00:10:51,733 --> 00:10:54,833 sometimes it's a pink, sometimes it's almost, 282 00:10:54,833 --> 00:10:56,766 you know, a whitish milky color. 283 00:10:56,766 --> 00:11:00,333 But it is a group of animals, surprisingly enough. 284 00:11:00,333 --> 00:11:01,633 There are really two or three things here 285 00:11:01,633 --> 00:11:02,900 that are interesting. 286 00:11:02,900 --> 00:11:05,766 Here's one of the bivalves 287 00:11:05,766 --> 00:11:07,600 called the Dosinia clam. 288 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:09,400 We saw that on an earlier show. 289 00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:10,666 Dosinia clam. 290 00:11:10,666 --> 00:11:12,100 Uh-huh, I picked up, by the way, 291 00:11:12,100 --> 00:11:15,366 a bit of another animal with a backbone. 292 00:11:15,366 --> 00:11:17,666 You know what kind of animal left that feather on the beach? 293 00:11:17,666 --> 00:11:19,333 >> No, tell me. (laughs) 294 00:11:19,333 --> 00:11:22,700 Brown pelican. Real common feather to find on the beach. 295 00:11:22,700 --> 00:11:24,533 And it's real thick down here at the base. 296 00:11:24,533 --> 00:11:25,866 And they're coming animals here. 297 00:11:25,866 --> 00:11:27,133 >> That's a nice quill. 298 00:11:27,133 --> 00:11:29,500 >> Here's one that I think is just super. 299 00:11:29,500 --> 00:11:30,833 >> Oh, that is a gorgeous shell! 300 00:11:30,833 --> 00:11:33,600 >> It's called a banded tulip because of those bands. 301 00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:37,033 And it's one of the marine snails that actually covers up 302 00:11:37,033 --> 00:11:40,600 the body with a little operculum, it's called. 303 00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:42,233 You see that pretty distinctively 304 00:11:42,233 --> 00:11:44,300 and that operculum protects the animal. 305 00:11:44,300 --> 00:11:45,900 And, of course, when the animal dies, 306 00:11:45,900 --> 00:11:48,100 the operculum washes up on the beach, 307 00:11:48,100 --> 00:11:49,966 as well as the shell. 308 00:11:49,966 --> 00:11:52,466 The animal's body, you see, is still inside this shell. 309 00:11:52,466 --> 00:11:53,666 It hadn't really decayed yet. 310 00:11:53,666 --> 00:11:55,500 >> It really has a shell covering. 311 00:11:55,500 --> 00:11:57,833 >> Yeah, exactly. And this one is a univalve. 312 00:11:57,833 --> 00:11:59,966 It only has one shell. 313 00:11:59,966 --> 00:12:03,300 One other crab that we, 314 00:12:03,300 --> 00:12:05,600 since we've been looking at crabs today, 315 00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:09,466 I think a good name for this would be Calico Crab. 316 00:12:09,466 --> 00:12:10,933 And that's one of the common names. 317 00:12:10,933 --> 00:12:13,266 Dolly Varden crab is another common name. 318 00:12:14,100 --> 00:12:15,333 What do you call that little animal 319 00:12:15,333 --> 00:12:16,666 living on top of it thing? 320 00:12:16,666 --> 00:12:18,833 >> I don't know. What is it? 321 00:12:18,833 --> 00:12:20,300 >> What is that? A barnacle. 322 00:12:20,300 --> 00:12:22,233 And these barnacles, although many people think 323 00:12:22,233 --> 00:12:24,166 they're closely related to clams, 324 00:12:24,166 --> 00:12:27,600 are really more closely related to the crab it's riding on. 325 00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:31,166 A great variety of living things out here in the ocean. 326 00:12:31,166 --> 00:12:32,300 And one of the craziest. 327 00:12:32,300 --> 00:12:34,266 Look at this. 328 00:12:34,266 --> 00:12:35,933 >> Oh, yes! What a nice piece. 329 00:12:35,933 --> 00:12:37,166 Remember this sponge? Sponge, yeah. 330 00:12:37,166 --> 00:12:40,700 >> It's really just the skeleton of the animal, 331 00:12:40,700 --> 00:12:43,200 but still a very exciting one. 332 00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:46,300 Again, an animal of a strange variety. 333 00:12:46,300 --> 00:12:48,333 >> It's hard to think of material like this, though, 334 00:12:48,333 --> 00:12:49,600 as an animal. 335 00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:51,400 >> Well, it's the skeleton of the animal, really, 336 00:12:51,400 --> 00:12:52,933 instead of the animal directly. 337 00:12:52,933 --> 00:12:55,300 Made out of a substance known as spongin, 338 00:12:55,300 --> 00:12:57,233 which makes sense, doesn't it? 339 00:12:57,233 --> 00:12:59,166 And, of course, this thing, you remember, 340 00:12:59,166 --> 00:13:04,100 another big bivalve that gets washed up on the beach 341 00:13:04,100 --> 00:13:05,166 after storms often. 342 00:13:05,166 --> 00:13:07,100 >> We saw that last year at the beach. 343 00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:09,800 >> Sea pin. Let's hurry on and see what else we can find. 344 00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:19,800 Our time is short. 345 00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:29,800 ♪ 346 00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:39,800 ♪ 347 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:49,800 ♪ 348 00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:59,800 ♪ 349 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:01,200 Just see what we can see. 350 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:02,600 I'll pick up a couple of things 351 00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:05,733 and pick up anything that looks interesting. 352 00:14:05,733 --> 00:14:07,633 (shells crunching) 353 00:14:07,633 --> 00:14:08,966 >> Oh, that's a beaut, thick! 354 00:14:08,966 --> 00:14:14,333 (footfalls) 355 00:14:14,333 --> 00:14:16,166 >> You know, walking around like this makes me wonder 356 00:14:16,166 --> 00:14:18,666 what kind of animals used to live here. 357 00:14:18,666 --> 00:14:22,166 >> I wonder what the early humans who lived here, 358 00:14:22,166 --> 00:14:24,033 the Indians that were so common on -- 359 00:14:24,033 --> 00:14:25,633 Here's a nice one. -- Edisto Beach, used to -- 360 00:14:25,633 --> 00:14:28,500 >> This is the home of the Edisto Indians, isn't it? 361 00:14:28,500 --> 00:14:29,866 >> Right. Right. 362 00:14:29,866 --> 00:14:31,766 And of course, they fed on 363 00:14:31,766 --> 00:14:33,733 many of the animals from the ocean. 364 00:14:33,733 --> 00:14:37,833 The oysters and the clams were fed on by early man 365 00:14:37,833 --> 00:14:39,400 in South Carolina. 366 00:14:39,400 --> 00:14:41,300 Tremendous amount of nutritional value 367 00:14:41,300 --> 00:14:43,433 in the animals that live in the ocean, of course. 368 00:14:43,433 --> 00:14:47,833 And today we're thinking about actually farming, 369 00:14:47,833 --> 00:14:49,933 you know, the ocean. 370 00:14:49,933 --> 00:14:52,200 Oh, my goodness. Look at this. 371 00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:53,600 Now this is, oh, me! 372 00:14:53,600 --> 00:14:55,033 This is kind of one of those things 373 00:14:55,033 --> 00:14:57,366 that's interesting and sad at the same time. 374 00:14:57,366 --> 00:14:59,866 Do you know what that is the remains of? 375 00:14:59,866 --> 00:15:03,166 >> It looks like a turtle, and to me it looks pretty big. 376 00:15:03,166 --> 00:15:04,666 >> It's a turtle. It's upside down here. 377 00:15:04,666 --> 00:15:05,833 Just the skeleton remains. 378 00:15:05,833 --> 00:15:09,466 And it's one of the loggerhead sea turtles, I'm sure. 379 00:15:09,466 --> 00:15:12,333 One of the endangered species in South Carolina 380 00:15:12,333 --> 00:15:14,066 and really all over its range. 381 00:15:14,066 --> 00:15:15,000 >> This turtle? 382 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:16,100 >> This turtle. 383 00:15:16,100 --> 00:15:17,733 You're not allowed to injure them, of course, 384 00:15:17,733 --> 00:15:18,833 or kill them. 385 00:15:18,833 --> 00:15:20,866 We're just coming upon the skeleton and finding it. 386 00:15:20,866 --> 00:15:23,233 But these animals get to be a lot larger than this. 387 00:15:23,233 --> 00:15:28,200 This is probably a male turtle because of the smaller size. 388 00:15:28,200 --> 00:15:30,033 >> This is a smaller size? 389 00:15:30,033 --> 00:15:31,233 >> Yeah, oh, yeah. 390 00:15:31,233 --> 00:15:34,133 They get, the shell gets, you know, four feet or so long. 391 00:15:34,133 --> 00:15:38,633 And the female may weigh a few hundred pounds. 392 00:15:38,633 --> 00:15:41,300 The shell you see is held together by skin, 393 00:15:41,300 --> 00:15:42,733 the great deal of which is gone. 394 00:15:42,733 --> 00:15:45,366 But you still see a little bit left. 395 00:15:45,366 --> 00:15:49,266 An ingenious way to make a home for yourself, 396 00:15:49,266 --> 00:15:53,233 the shell of these animals, 397 00:15:53,233 --> 00:15:56,700 and we may be able to actually pull out, 398 00:15:56,700 --> 00:15:58,033 put these shells down a moment. 399 00:15:58,033 --> 00:15:59,166 >> What is that? 400 00:15:59,166 --> 00:16:00,633 And we're disturbing the insects that are feeding here. 401 00:16:00,633 --> 00:16:02,233 >> Yeah, the flies are here. 402 00:16:02,233 --> 00:16:04,000 Again, the insects don't do well in the ocean, 403 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,533 but they do come to the edge to make do. 404 00:16:07,533 --> 00:16:11,133 This is a part of the top shell of the turtle. 405 00:16:11,366 --> 00:16:13,800 This, of course, you know, would be the outside part of it. 406 00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:15,566 And one of the neat things about turtles 407 00:16:15,566 --> 00:16:18,500 is that their ribs, and this is one rib, 408 00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:21,633 their ribs actually grow into the shell, 409 00:16:21,633 --> 00:16:23,500 which is really a part of their skin. 410 00:16:23,500 --> 00:16:26,633 And so, the ribs and the shell fuse together 411 00:16:26,633 --> 00:16:30,166 to form one nice solid structure. 412 00:16:30,166 --> 00:16:32,200 And these animals, of course, have done quite well. 413 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:34,566 We find their fossils in South Carolina. 414 00:16:34,566 --> 00:16:36,766 They take them back millions and millions of years. 415 00:16:36,766 --> 00:16:40,166 They're still living out in the oceans off shore. 416 00:16:40,166 --> 00:16:43,066 >> Rudy, what is that weird looking thing over there. 417 00:16:43,066 --> 00:16:45,066 >> Let me reach for it and get it. 418 00:16:45,066 --> 00:16:46,800 This is kind of an interesting animal 419 00:16:46,800 --> 00:16:48,633 that really does have a history 420 00:16:48,633 --> 00:16:51,733 that we can trace way back in time. 421 00:16:51,733 --> 00:16:54,166 We find fossils of this animal in rocks 422 00:16:54,166 --> 00:16:56,300 that are hundreds of millions of years old. 423 00:16:56,300 --> 00:16:59,033 It's changed very little in a long period of time. 424 00:16:59,033 --> 00:17:01,800 Some people actually call this a living fossil, 425 00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:04,366 which sounds a little funny to me, but anyhow... 426 00:17:04,366 --> 00:17:07,166 This is called a horseshoe crab 427 00:17:07,166 --> 00:17:09,933 because of the fact the front part of the shell, you see, 428 00:17:09,933 --> 00:17:12,866 is in the shape of a horseshoe. 429 00:17:12,866 --> 00:17:15,133 Some people call them king crabs. 430 00:17:15,133 --> 00:17:18,433 And really, in fact, they're not more, 431 00:17:18,433 --> 00:17:21,833 they're not really closely related to the true crabs, 432 00:17:21,833 --> 00:17:25,933 but more closely related to the scorpions, 433 00:17:25,933 --> 00:17:27,966 which were one of the first animals, 434 00:17:27,966 --> 00:17:29,900 at least in most people's interpretation, 435 00:17:29,900 --> 00:17:33,800 one of the first animals to leave that safe ocean 436 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:38,966 and to begin to assault the rather unsafe land. 437 00:17:38,966 --> 00:17:42,066 This animal, you see has a pair of compound eyes here 438 00:17:42,066 --> 00:17:45,933 like a lot of the insects do, 439 00:17:45,933 --> 00:17:47,833 and that orients it mainly due to the fact 440 00:17:47,833 --> 00:17:50,733 that light is coming from this way or that. 441 00:17:50,733 --> 00:17:53,333 And, of course, it has some spines and a tail 442 00:17:53,333 --> 00:17:54,900 that looks like a stinger to some people. 443 00:17:54,900 --> 00:17:56,600 It's not a stinger at all. >> It's not a stinger. 444 00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:59,233 No there's nothing about this animal that can harm you 445 00:17:59,233 --> 00:18:01,366 unless you just are afraid of it, 446 00:18:01,366 --> 00:18:02,766 and you think it's going to hurt you. 447 00:18:02,766 --> 00:18:04,000 And then, of course, you can hurt yourself 448 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:05,633 trying to get away from it. 449 00:18:05,633 --> 00:18:06,766 This one is a male. 450 00:18:06,766 --> 00:18:08,533 Remember, we were talking about male and female 451 00:18:08,533 --> 00:18:10,166 blue crabs a moment ago. 452 00:18:10,166 --> 00:18:12,533 This horseshoe crab here is a male. 453 00:18:12,533 --> 00:18:14,500 And you can tell it is because these front legs 454 00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:18,833 are modified to form little bulbs and a little knob. 455 00:18:18,833 --> 00:18:22,066 And this allows him to hang on to the back. 456 00:18:22,066 --> 00:18:26,266 He hangs on to the back of the female shell with those. 457 00:18:26,266 --> 00:18:30,133 She lays eggs in the sand, and he deposits sperm. 458 00:18:30,133 --> 00:18:31,933 >> On the eggs themselves. 459 00:18:31,933 --> 00:18:34,633 >> On the eggs themselves, yeah, it's external fertilization. 460 00:18:34,633 --> 00:18:36,633 And these animals have been crawling up 461 00:18:36,633 --> 00:18:38,433 to the shores of North America 462 00:18:38,433 --> 00:18:40,566 ever since there's been a North America. 463 00:18:40,566 --> 00:18:41,666 >> That's something to think about: 464 00:18:41,666 --> 00:18:44,333 The fact that we had to evolve and man structure 465 00:18:44,333 --> 00:18:45,100 had to adapt, 466 00:18:45,100 --> 00:18:46,333 but with find creatures 467 00:18:46,333 --> 00:18:49,266 and still very close to their original form. 468 00:18:49,266 --> 00:18:52,466 >> And a lot of these creatures have lifestyles 469 00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:53,633 that are not very demanding. 470 00:18:53,633 --> 00:18:56,000 They eat almost anything. 471 00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:57,933 They can live almost anywhere. 472 00:18:57,933 --> 00:19:00,500 And one of the animals that fits that category 473 00:19:00,500 --> 00:19:01,633 is this animal. 474 00:19:01,633 --> 00:19:03,700 Of course, the oceans haven't really changed much either 475 00:19:03,700 --> 00:19:04,800 during a long period of time. 476 00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:06,000 A horseshoe crab 477 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:08,700 with a little fly you see sitting on there, too. 478 00:19:08,700 --> 00:19:09,933 What you got there? 479 00:19:09,933 --> 00:19:11,566 >> Oh, well, you know how I am. 480 00:19:11,566 --> 00:19:13,700 I'm a sucker for things that just look pretty. 481 00:19:13,700 --> 00:19:17,600 >> You know, this shell from the song “Cockles and Mussels.” 482 00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,400 This is one of the giant Atlantic cockles. 483 00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:21,933 And you see, it's a bivalve, 484 00:19:21,933 --> 00:19:23,833 of course, coming in two sections. 485 00:19:23,833 --> 00:19:25,066 It is edible. 486 00:19:25,066 --> 00:19:27,266 Of course, this one's a little large to eat. 487 00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:29,233 This is one variety of cockle, 488 00:19:29,233 --> 00:19:31,366 but let me show you one more that I got 489 00:19:31,366 --> 00:19:33,566 along with a couple other shells. 490 00:19:33,566 --> 00:19:37,500 This one is known as the yellow cockle. 491 00:19:37,500 --> 00:19:39,333 It's smaller in size in that one, 492 00:19:39,333 --> 00:19:41,133 and it's also identified, but that -- 493 00:19:41,133 --> 00:19:42,233 >> It's yellow! 494 00:19:42,233 --> 00:19:43,766 And in a little bit of sunlight, 495 00:19:43,766 --> 00:19:45,433 you can really appreciate the yellow, 496 00:19:45,433 --> 00:19:46,600 not only on the outside, 497 00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:49,466 but you can open this thing up pretty easily 498 00:19:49,466 --> 00:19:51,200 and see a tremendous amount of yellow. 499 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:53,833 You see, also on the inside. 500 00:19:53,833 --> 00:19:55,500 >> Is the color the only difference, though? 501 00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:56,600 >> One of the differences. 502 00:19:56,600 --> 00:19:58,600 And this one, you see, gets to be a larger size. 503 00:19:58,600 --> 00:19:59,733 These both are probably 504 00:19:59,733 --> 00:20:01,100 about as big as they're going to get. 505 00:20:01,100 --> 00:20:04,400 Both of these animals lie in the sand and filter goodies 506 00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:05,166 out of the water. 507 00:20:05,166 --> 00:20:06,766 It's a nice way to live. 508 00:20:06,766 --> 00:20:08,400 Wish I could do that. 509 00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:10,000 This is a hard shelled clam 510 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:11,866 is a common name for it. 511 00:20:11,866 --> 00:20:14,700 It's got that purple on the inside of it 512 00:20:14,700 --> 00:20:15,866 that's very distinctive. 513 00:20:15,866 --> 00:20:17,366 It's one of the clams that's edible. 514 00:20:17,366 --> 00:20:18,333 We eat it today. 515 00:20:18,333 --> 00:20:20,433 We eat a lot of things from that ocean today. 516 00:20:20,433 --> 00:20:23,200 An early man in South Carolina living along this beach 517 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:25,266 also fed on this animal 518 00:20:25,266 --> 00:20:29,233 and tossed his shells into a big garbage pile, 519 00:20:29,233 --> 00:20:31,566 really, or garbage dump area, I guess, would be the best way 520 00:20:31,566 --> 00:20:32,500 to think of it. 521 00:20:32,500 --> 00:20:35,133 Called a shell midden, or a shell mound. 522 00:20:35,133 --> 00:20:37,433 We find them in South Carolina today. 523 00:20:37,433 --> 00:20:39,300 Little evidence of man along the ocean. 524 00:20:39,300 --> 00:20:41,500 >> Oh, that's a beauty. 525 00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:44,266 >> This is one of my favorite shells called a horse conch. 526 00:20:44,266 --> 00:20:46,900 It again, is not really a true conch, 527 00:20:46,900 --> 00:20:48,200 but we call it that. 528 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:49,366 It's one of the tulip shells, 529 00:20:49,366 --> 00:20:54,100 but it's one of the largest marine snails that we have 530 00:20:54,100 --> 00:20:55,266 in South Carolina. 531 00:20:55,266 --> 00:21:00,000 It really is the largest in size and can get twice as big. 532 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:01,800 >> Another animal to add to the variety. 533 00:21:01,800 --> 00:21:03,133 >> There's a great variety of things. 534 00:21:03,133 --> 00:21:04,733 Have you got anything else you need to look at 535 00:21:04,733 --> 00:21:05,800 before we hurry on? 536 00:21:05,800 --> 00:21:07,433 >> I put something in my pocket as we walked along, 537 00:21:07,433 --> 00:21:09,333 a bone, but I don't know what. 538 00:21:09,333 --> 00:21:11,100 >> This is another piece of sea turtle. 539 00:21:11,100 --> 00:21:14,766 It may be the same loggerhead that we found here. 540 00:21:14,766 --> 00:21:17,533 Part of the front legs, 541 00:21:17,533 --> 00:21:20,133 the shoulder portion of the animal. 542 00:21:20,133 --> 00:21:21,766 One other thing I want to mention. 543 00:21:21,766 --> 00:21:24,300 You step across here. 544 00:21:24,300 --> 00:21:27,533 A lot of the material that's found on the beaches 545 00:21:27,533 --> 00:21:29,100 is referred to as seaweed. 546 00:21:29,100 --> 00:21:32,233 And much of it is the sponge that we saw back there. 547 00:21:32,233 --> 00:21:34,300 But this is one of the true seaweeds. 548 00:21:34,300 --> 00:21:36,066 It's kind of brown in color here, 549 00:21:36,066 --> 00:21:38,033 one of the plants that live in the ocean. 550 00:21:38,033 --> 00:21:39,300 But this is a voyager. 551 00:21:39,300 --> 00:21:41,566 It came from the middle of the Atlantic Ocean 552 00:21:41,566 --> 00:21:43,266 in the Sargasso Sea. 553 00:21:43,266 --> 00:21:44,866 It's called sargassum. Sargassum. 554 00:21:44,866 --> 00:21:48,466 And it floats out there in tremendous mats 555 00:21:48,466 --> 00:21:49,933 for miles and miles. 556 00:21:49,933 --> 00:21:52,300 Every now and then some breaks loose 557 00:21:52,300 --> 00:21:54,800 and eventually gets blown in during a storm 558 00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:56,400 up on our beaches. 559 00:21:56,400 --> 00:21:57,933 It's always fun when you're beachcombing 560 00:21:57,933 --> 00:22:00,666 to look for something that has come from somewhere else. 561 00:22:00,666 --> 00:22:03,200 >> So it's sort of a semi alien force too. (laughs) 562 00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:05,366 >> Yeah, in a sense, it's floating in. 563 00:22:05,366 --> 00:22:07,566 Let's see what we can find further on. 564 00:22:13,233 --> 00:22:14,566 Rudy, I had never noticed 565 00:22:14,566 --> 00:22:16,833 that shells have so many different colors. 566 00:22:16,833 --> 00:22:19,166 >> Well, we're getting fresher shells. 567 00:22:19,166 --> 00:22:21,800 These animals are just recently dead, 568 00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:23,133 and that allows the colors 569 00:22:23,133 --> 00:22:25,100 to really remain pretty much the same. 570 00:22:25,100 --> 00:22:27,733 Let's try to walk this edge and see what we can see. 571 00:22:29,733 --> 00:22:32,066 Interesting piece here. 572 00:22:32,066 --> 00:22:33,200 Oh, you know, 573 00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:35,066 driftwood is one of my favorite things in the world. 574 00:22:35,066 --> 00:22:37,200 >> Yeah, it's beautifully worked, as you can see. 575 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,333 And it's sort of a sign, the fact that there used 576 00:22:40,333 --> 00:22:43,733 to be some high ground here that's now been worn away. 577 00:22:43,733 --> 00:22:46,466 >> Rudy, what is driftwood, really? 578 00:22:46,466 --> 00:22:49,366 >> Well, the name implies that you're talking about wood 579 00:22:49,366 --> 00:22:51,233 that has been floating, drifting, 580 00:22:51,233 --> 00:22:53,200 you know, for a long time on the ocean, 581 00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:54,833 usually most people think. 582 00:22:54,833 --> 00:22:56,566 Probably the easiest way to define 583 00:22:56,566 --> 00:23:00,600 or describe driftwood is it's water worn wood. 584 00:23:00,600 --> 00:23:02,666 Three W's: water, worn, wood. 585 00:23:02,666 --> 00:23:04,733 It does not have to really drift. 586 00:23:04,733 --> 00:23:07,100 This tree is probably too large to have done much drifting. 587 00:23:07,100 --> 00:23:10,500 It was probably growing in pretty much this same vicinity, 588 00:23:10,500 --> 00:23:12,933 and the roaring ocean, the Atlantic, 589 00:23:12,933 --> 00:23:14,400 has come in and taken away 590 00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:15,966 that bit of ground 591 00:23:15,966 --> 00:23:17,866 and now left the carcass of this tree behind. 592 00:23:17,866 --> 00:23:19,966 But it is worn by water. 593 00:23:19,966 --> 00:23:23,333 You really can find, you know, driftwood in large lakes 594 00:23:23,333 --> 00:23:26,333 very commonly as well as along the seashore. 595 00:23:26,333 --> 00:23:28,433 But, of course, when you look at something like this -- 596 00:23:28,433 --> 00:23:31,400 >> Well, it looks like a natural sculpture or something. 597 00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:32,500 It's beautiful. 598 00:23:32,500 --> 00:23:33,966 >> This is really the base of the tree, 599 00:23:33,966 --> 00:23:35,200 and these are actually roots 600 00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:36,766 that are giving it this beautiful look 601 00:23:36,766 --> 00:23:38,633 and it's just tilted up on its side. 602 00:23:38,633 --> 00:23:40,500 >> This is a live oak tree, isn't it? 603 00:23:40,500 --> 00:23:41,700 Probably a live oak. 604 00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:45,433 And they're real, you know, common in this part of the state 605 00:23:45,433 --> 00:23:47,966 and along the coast, especially. 606 00:23:47,966 --> 00:23:49,900 But it is beautifully worked. 607 00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:51,900 A couple of things we ought to look at here. 608 00:23:51,900 --> 00:23:55,033 And I think... Yeah, I thought so. 609 00:23:55,033 --> 00:23:57,300 >> It's our friend again, the horseshoe. 610 00:23:57,300 --> 00:23:59,900 >> This is our friend, except it's just instead of the male, 611 00:23:59,900 --> 00:24:02,300 the smaller one that we saw earlier, 612 00:24:02,300 --> 00:24:05,833 now, we've got an animal with really some size to it. 613 00:24:05,833 --> 00:24:09,733 And again, this is the female, much larger in size. 614 00:24:09,733 --> 00:24:13,366 The male uses those little pronged projections, 615 00:24:13,366 --> 00:24:14,766 you know, on the front pair of legs 616 00:24:14,766 --> 00:24:17,100 to hang on right here on the sides 617 00:24:17,100 --> 00:24:20,266 of the female's shell. 618 00:24:20,266 --> 00:24:22,766 And she deposits eggs in the sand 619 00:24:22,766 --> 00:24:24,233 and he deposits sperm over them. 620 00:24:24,233 --> 00:24:26,266 And that's the way the eggs are fertilized. 621 00:24:26,266 --> 00:24:27,933 And again, they crawl out of that ocean 622 00:24:27,933 --> 00:24:30,166 in the spring and summer on these beaches. 623 00:24:30,166 --> 00:24:31,033 They've been doing that 624 00:24:31,033 --> 00:24:34,033 ever since North America has been here. 625 00:24:34,033 --> 00:24:35,800 Fabulous animal. 626 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:39,433 >> That's a really weird looking grass or reed or something. 627 00:24:39,433 --> 00:24:43,066 >> Yeah, most people along the beach, 628 00:24:43,066 --> 00:24:46,633 would call this like everything else that's kicked up 629 00:24:46,633 --> 00:24:48,466 that looks like a plant, seaweed. 630 00:24:48,466 --> 00:24:50,300 It's really not a plant at all. 631 00:24:50,300 --> 00:24:52,966 This is another animal colony in disguise, 632 00:24:52,966 --> 00:24:54,466 is probably the best way to think about it. 633 00:24:54,466 --> 00:24:55,833 It's one of the corals. 634 00:24:55,833 --> 00:24:56,766 >> This is coral? 635 00:24:56,766 --> 00:24:58,166 >> Yeah, you see, it's real soft, though. 636 00:24:58,166 --> 00:25:01,400 Fairly soft compared to the hard coral that you usually find. 637 00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:02,966 And this is known as whip coral, 638 00:25:02,966 --> 00:25:05,000 I guess because of the fact 639 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:07,333 that it looks like just a group of whips that are 640 00:25:07,333 --> 00:25:08,700 that are held together, 641 00:25:08,700 --> 00:25:11,533 sometimes it's red in color, sometimes purple. 642 00:25:11,533 --> 00:25:13,700 And of course, often this yellow. 643 00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:16,233 >> Seems to be something growing on this one too. 644 00:25:16,233 --> 00:25:17,366 >> Yeah, this little thing 645 00:25:17,366 --> 00:25:22,566 hugging the little whip coral is a Bryozoan, which is, 646 00:25:22,566 --> 00:25:24,600 a common name for it is a moss animal. 647 00:25:25,133 --> 00:25:26,900 Called that because it sort of covers things 648 00:25:26,900 --> 00:25:29,000 like moss would cover a rock 649 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:30,866 or the base of a tree in a forest. 650 00:25:30,866 --> 00:25:32,100 But again, 651 00:25:32,100 --> 00:25:34,700 the ocean is just loaded with a great amount of diversity. 652 00:25:34,700 --> 00:25:36,866 And you see a lot of that reflected 653 00:25:36,866 --> 00:25:38,533 in what comes up on the beach, but really, 654 00:25:38,533 --> 00:25:41,466 a couple of other things -- >> Just looking at the shells. 655 00:25:41,466 --> 00:25:42,900 See if you can get that one. 656 00:25:42,900 --> 00:25:45,666 And I've got something here that's kind of crazy. 657 00:25:45,666 --> 00:25:47,833 >> What is this? 658 00:25:47,833 --> 00:25:50,466 >> All right, this is called a lettered olive. 659 00:25:50,466 --> 00:25:53,266 There are a lot of different olive shells. 660 00:25:53,266 --> 00:25:55,566 And this one looks as if, if you look carefully, 661 00:25:55,566 --> 00:25:57,833 that maybe somebody scribbled on there, 662 00:25:57,833 --> 00:26:01,733 maybe done some hieroglyphics, or something written on it. 663 00:26:01,733 --> 00:26:04,633 And so the name, common name is lettered olive, 664 00:26:04,633 --> 00:26:06,366 and that makes sense. 665 00:26:06,366 --> 00:26:08,400 These are real common in South Carolina. 666 00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:10,000 Washed up on the beach. 667 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:11,333 Another predator. 668 00:26:11,333 --> 00:26:13,233 This is something that I wonder 669 00:26:13,233 --> 00:26:15,666 I wish I could have asked the Indians that were living here, 670 00:26:15,666 --> 00:26:17,700 "What did you think when you found this washed up?" 671 00:26:17,700 --> 00:26:21,166 This looks like it's manmade, but it isn't at all. 672 00:26:21,166 --> 00:26:23,233 It was produced by a shark and it's a piece 673 00:26:23,233 --> 00:26:25,000 of the backbone of a shark. 674 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:26,200 >> This is a shark vertebrae. 675 00:26:26,200 --> 00:26:27,500 >> Yeah. A piece of the vertebra. 676 00:26:27,500 --> 00:26:29,500 Doesn't look very much like a vertebra 677 00:26:29,500 --> 00:26:31,566 because all the projections are gone. 678 00:26:31,566 --> 00:26:34,500 But the shark skeleton is made out of cartilage, 679 00:26:34,500 --> 00:26:35,633 which is real flimsy. 680 00:26:35,633 --> 00:26:37,900 But as it gets older, there's a tremendous amount 681 00:26:37,900 --> 00:26:40,466 of calcium salts laid down. 682 00:26:40,466 --> 00:26:41,966 It hardens the skeleton 683 00:26:41,966 --> 00:26:44,966 and allows some parts of it to become fossilized. 684 00:26:44,966 --> 00:26:47,966 >> Why, Rudy, today has really been a history lesson for us, 685 00:26:47,966 --> 00:26:49,666 I think. >> Well, it's been a lot of fun. 686 00:26:49,666 --> 00:26:51,600 And one thing I think that's important 687 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:55,100 to tell people who watch is that if you like this show, 688 00:26:55,100 --> 00:26:56,100 and we hope you do, 689 00:26:56,100 --> 00:26:58,000 respond to us, we like to hear from you, 690 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:01,000 but we encourage you to get out on the beaches 691 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:02,166 in South Carolina 692 00:27:02,166 --> 00:27:03,400 or into the mountains or wherever 693 00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:05,733 and have these experiences for yourself. 694 00:27:05,733 --> 00:27:06,933 It's worth more than money. 695 00:27:06,933 --> 00:27:08,233 >> It sure is. 696 00:27:08,233 --> 00:27:10,300 We hope you'll join us beachcombing sometime. 697 00:27:10,300 --> 00:27:12,833 Come on, I think we should keep doing more of the same. 698 00:27:12,833 --> 00:27:14,066 >> There's more to be seen. 699 00:27:14,066 --> 00:27:15,433 Let's walk toward that little bit of island. 700 00:27:15,433 --> 00:27:22,366 ♪ 701 00:27:22,366 --> 00:27:24,666 Oh, it looks like the perfect oasis or something, 702 00:27:24,666 --> 00:27:26,100 doesn't it? 703 00:27:26,100 --> 00:27:27,666 Oasis in a desert. (laughter) 704 00:27:27,666 --> 00:27:37,666 ♪ 705 00:27:37,666 --> 00:27:47,666 ♪ 706 00:27:47,666 --> 00:27:57,666 ♪ 707 00:27:57,666 --> 00:28:07,733 ♪ 708 00:28:07,733 --> 00:28:17,733 ♪ 709 00:28:17,733 --> 00:28:20,100 ♪