WEBVTT

00:00.133 --> 00:05.666 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

00:08.333 --> 00:11.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
(waves rumbling)

00:11.900 --> 00:21.900 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

00:21.900 --> 00:33.900 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

00:35.900 --> 00:37.133 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
>> Well, it's hard to believe

00:37.133 --> 00:39.200 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
all the animals lives
that are represented

00:39.200 --> 00:41.400 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
by these shells
you see on the beach.

00:41.400 --> 00:42.733 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
It's very interesting.

00:42.733 --> 00:45.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Hello, I'm Beryl Dakers,
and with me, of course,

00:45.533 --> 00:47.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
is Rudy Mancke,
natural history curator

00:47.633 --> 00:50.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
for the South Carolina
Museum Commission.

00:50.033 --> 00:51.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Beachcombing isn't
really what you expect

00:51.866 --> 00:54.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
this time of year,
but for some reason,

00:54.000 --> 00:55.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
this seems to be
a pretty good time.

00:55.266 --> 00:57.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It's been very productive
for us.

00:57.200 --> 00:58.366 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
>> I think a couple of things

00:58.366 --> 01:00.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
really make it special
this time,

01:00.000 --> 01:03.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and that is that Hurricane David
has recently visited this area,

01:03.900 --> 01:06.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and the high winds
caused high tides,

01:06.800 --> 01:08.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and it's really churned
up the beach

01:08.466 --> 01:10.500 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
and has caused a lot of death

01:10.500 --> 01:12.100 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
out there in the shallow ocean,

01:12.100 --> 01:15.100 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
as many of the animals out there
were tossed ashore.

01:15.100 --> 01:16.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And of course,
they could not survive.

01:16.600 --> 01:19.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And we'll see their bits
and pieces,

01:19.666 --> 01:21.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
what's left of them anyway,
today.

01:21.666 --> 01:23.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Probably all the soft
parts are gone by now.

01:23.866 --> 01:25.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
We may get lucky
and find an animal at home,

01:25.800 --> 01:28.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but usually you find leftovers
like we found here.

01:28.966 --> 01:30.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Oh,
and we found some beauties.

01:30.866 --> 01:33.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
You know, I have been searching
for sand dollars for ages,

01:33.400 --> 01:35.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
but usually you find
bits and pieces,

01:35.900 --> 01:39.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but this beach just seems to be
strewn with intact sand dollars.

01:39.700 --> 01:42.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
<Rudy> Well, the bottom was
ripped up by the wave action.

01:42.466 --> 01:43.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
And these animals live

01:43.533 --> 01:45.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
right on the surface
of the sand under the water,

01:45.733 --> 01:47.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and they get tossed up
very quickly.

01:47.833 --> 01:50.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
When they're alive,
they're really more

01:50.300 --> 01:52.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
of a purplish brown color
than this.

01:52.966 --> 01:55.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
These are very dry and doesn't
really give you the feeling

01:55.966 --> 01:58.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
for what the animal looked
like when he was alive.

01:58.166 --> 02:00.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> He must be a very tiny
little animal, though,

02:00.600 --> 02:02.000 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
if he fits inside this.

02:02.000 --> 02:03.866 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
>> Well,
he's sort of compressed, yeah,

02:03.866 --> 02:05.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
like a pancake,
fills those spaces.

02:05.800 --> 02:08.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The mouth, you know,
is on the bottom here.

02:08.900 --> 02:11.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
You can see the mouth
opening there

02:11.300 --> 02:12.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
and little plates there,

02:12.366 --> 02:15.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
five of them inside
to crush the food.

02:15.000 --> 02:18.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
This animal feeds
on mainly worms.

02:18.200 --> 02:21.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Some small shelled animals out
there it also feeds on.

02:21.766 --> 02:24.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
But this is related,
you know, to the starfish.

02:24.866 --> 02:26.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
You see any clues to that?

02:26.000 --> 02:27.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> Sure, the design there.

02:27.633 --> 02:29.000 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
>> The five parted design,

02:29.000 --> 02:31.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
the five holes here,
and I picked up

02:31.533 --> 02:35.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
another left over of an animal
called a sea urchin,

02:35.500 --> 02:37.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
which used to have some spines
coming off.

02:37.566 --> 02:39.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
They break off pretty quickly.

02:39.666 --> 02:42.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And this animal also,
you can see five

02:42.600 --> 02:44.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
markings on the leftovers here.

02:44.933 --> 02:46.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
>> He's related?
>> He's related.

02:46.333 --> 02:48.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
<Rudy> It's the same group
of animals.

02:48.333 --> 02:50.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You'll notice that the design
comes in five parts.

02:50.966 --> 02:52.433 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
And that's really typical

02:52.433 --> 02:55.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
of the animals that are called
the Echinoderms,

02:55.133 --> 02:58.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
which means spiny-skinned
animals.

02:58.533 --> 03:00.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
They're the only group,
large group,

03:00.300 --> 03:03.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that's found exclusively
in oceans,

03:03.133 --> 03:05.333 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
not on land
and not in freshwater.

03:05.333 --> 03:07.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
>> Does that mean that
these are not seashells?

03:07.733 --> 03:09.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
>> Oh no, they're not really
seashells at all.

03:09.733 --> 03:11.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
This is made out of

03:11.166 --> 03:12.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
almost the same material,

03:12.500 --> 03:14.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
but it's put together
in quite a different way.

03:14.433 --> 03:16.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And again, the clue
to the Echinoderm group

03:16.900 --> 03:20.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
is that it comes, it's
body comes in five parts.

03:20.333 --> 03:21.533 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
They're not found on land

03:21.533 --> 03:23.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and not found in freshwater
at all.

03:23.100 --> 03:24.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
So they're kind
of a special group --

03:24.500 --> 03:26.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
<Beryl> -- Well, we're learning.
<Rudy> -- to meet, yeah.

03:26.200 --> 03:29.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Let's move on down by the
water and see what we can find.

03:29.766 --> 03:30.733 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
>> This is interesting

03:30.733 --> 03:34.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
because it's a little
of the Mother Ocean.

03:34.333 --> 03:35.466 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
It's left and trapped

03:35.466 --> 03:37.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and there are many animals
that are active down there.

03:37.766 --> 03:39.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
If you look carefully,
you can even see

03:39.433 --> 03:42.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
little hermit crabs
crawling around on the bottom.

03:42.066 --> 03:44.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And one thing I think it's good
to start off with today

03:44.433 --> 03:47.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
is that all of the animal life
that we see

03:47.533 --> 03:51.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
could not exist
at all without the plants.

03:51.833 --> 03:54.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
We need to make that
point over and over again.

03:54.066 --> 03:55.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The plankton out there
in the ocean is

03:55.866 --> 03:58.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
what's responsible
for most of the food

03:58.566 --> 04:01.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that's produced in the ocean,
but look right down here.

04:01.066 --> 04:03.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
I think you can see,
see the green seaweed,

04:03.966 --> 04:06.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the algae that's very common
in the ocean.

04:06.200 --> 04:09.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And you can really see it
very distinctly here.

04:09.000 --> 04:10.733 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
<Beryl> So they
not only feed on each other,

04:10.733 --> 04:12.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but they have a ready food
supply there.

04:12.733 --> 04:14.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
<Rudy> Yeah, and really
all the energy for life

04:14.866 --> 04:15.933 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
comes from the sun.

04:15.933 --> 04:18.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And there are only
a few living things, really,

04:18.200 --> 04:21.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that can trap it, and almost all
of them are the green plants.

04:21.666 --> 04:23.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And animals have to continue
to kind of take it away

04:23.966 --> 04:27.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
from the plant material
and use it for ourselves.

04:27.966 --> 04:29.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It's fun to play here.

04:29.300 --> 04:31.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Let's keep walking, though,
and see what else we can see

04:31.433 --> 04:35.466 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
(ocean waves rumbling).

04:35.466 --> 04:37.100 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
You know,
sometimes it's hard on a beach

04:37.100 --> 04:41.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
this littered with shells
to pick out good things.

04:41.666 --> 04:44.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
>> (laughs) That's strange
being really selective.

04:44.400 --> 04:45.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Yeah,
this is one of the few times,

04:45.866 --> 04:48.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
but after storms
is a perfect time.

04:48.100 --> 04:50.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Anybody who enjoys beachcombing

04:50.333 --> 04:51.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
gets on the beaches

04:51.666 --> 04:53.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
after the storms
unquestionably.

04:53.833 --> 04:56.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Beryl, you know, the ocean,

04:56.833 --> 05:00.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the beach area by the ocean,
is a very dynamic place.

05:00.100 --> 05:01.500 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
It's changing all the time

05:01.500 --> 05:03.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and it's one of the exciting
things about coming.

05:03.633 --> 05:05.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
These trees here
we're doing much better,

05:05.866 --> 05:07.566 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
you see, before
Hurricane David.

05:07.566 --> 05:09.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
I see a little green
coming out from the base,

05:09.700 --> 05:11.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
but most of their life

05:11.033 --> 05:13.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
has been sapped away
because of the high tide.

05:13.400 --> 05:14.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
<Beryl> How can you tell,
though,

05:14.766 --> 05:17.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that that tree was alive
that recently?

05:17.333 --> 05:18.800 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
<Rudy> Well,
I've been here a while,

05:18.800 --> 05:20.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
you know, not too long ago,
and I've seen it.

05:20.600 --> 05:23.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But you see the green coming
out right at the base there.

05:23.133 --> 05:25.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And that tells us that it's
just beginning to sprout back.

05:25.500 --> 05:27.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
It should have
leaves all over it.

05:27.166 --> 05:29.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
But they're all knocked off
now by the storm.

05:29.700 --> 05:32.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Of course, you can see where
the ocean has come in here,

05:32.700 --> 05:34.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and look at it,
even attacking the saltmarsh

05:34.866 --> 05:36.733 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
out in the distance.

05:36.733 --> 05:39.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I've got a nice thing here
that we need to talk about.

05:39.266 --> 05:42.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Let's just walk a minute more
and see what we can pick up,

05:42.533 --> 05:45.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and then we can take a look
at what we've got.

05:45.966 --> 05:46.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
There's something
that's interesting.

05:46.866 --> 05:50.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Here's something too
that's kind of nice.

05:50.000 --> 05:51.833 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
And here --

05:51.833 --> 05:54.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> It's a stringy
mass inside the shell.

05:54.100 --> 05:55.633 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
>> All right, Beryl,
let me ask you first,

05:55.633 --> 05:57.100 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
do you remember
from an earlier show

05:57.100 --> 06:00.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
what kind of shell
you picked up?

06:00.200 --> 06:01.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
If my mother had picked that up,

06:01.633 --> 06:03.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
she'd have called it
a conch shell.

06:03.766 --> 06:05.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
It's not really a true conch.

06:05.333 --> 06:07.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
>> No, this one
is a channel whelk.

06:07.300 --> 06:08.700 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
>> Exactly,
the channeled whelk.

06:08.700 --> 06:10.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Those channels are
very, very distinctive

06:10.266 --> 06:11.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
in the front edge there.

06:11.766 --> 06:14.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
But the little things
that you see inside that

06:14.533 --> 06:17.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
do look sort of odd are tubes

06:17.433 --> 06:20.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
produced by another animal,
one of the worms.

06:20.633 --> 06:24.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And you see when these animals
that lived in these shells die,

06:24.700 --> 06:27.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the shell is not just tossed
aside and never used again.

06:27.333 --> 06:30.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
There are other animals that
move in very, very quickly.

06:30.300 --> 06:32.333 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
These animals
like to find solid places

06:32.333 --> 06:33.566 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
to build their tubes.

06:33.566 --> 06:34.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
The sand, which is shifting,

06:34.900 --> 06:37.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
is not the kind of place
that you want to live on.

06:37.233 --> 06:40.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And so this shell is,
in a sense, being recycled

06:40.133 --> 06:44.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
or reused by another variety
of animal out in the ocean.

06:44.266 --> 06:46.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> It's like nature's been
recycling for a long time.

06:46.400 --> 06:47.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
>> You know, a lot of people
think that's something

06:47.800 --> 06:50.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that we came up with
a few years ago, it's not.

06:50.233 --> 06:51.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
(laughs) Nature
does that all the time.

06:51.833 --> 06:54.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
We're all recycled material.

06:54.033 --> 06:56.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
That's what's so magical
about nature and life.

06:56.866 --> 06:58.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
It continues to continue.

06:58.500 --> 07:00.366 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
>> That is a beautiful shell!

07:00.366 --> 07:03.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
>> On the show last time,
we talked about scotch bonnets.

07:03.600 --> 07:06.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It's bonnet shaped, and it,
of course, has the plaid,

07:06.433 --> 07:08.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
scotch plaid coloration.

07:08.500 --> 07:10.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
State shell of North Carolina.

07:10.300 --> 07:12.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Remember,
it feeds on Echinoderms,

07:12.633 --> 07:16.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
especially the sand dollars
that we were looking at.

07:16.466 --> 07:17.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
And so a lot of sand dollars.

07:17.900 --> 07:19.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
You have a lot of these
shells surviving.

07:19.933 --> 07:21.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
This is the biggest one
and the nicest one

07:21.966 --> 07:24.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I've ever seen on the beaches
of South Carolina.

07:24.700 --> 07:26.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
And again, you see the colors.

07:26.933 --> 07:28.033 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
They haven't been bleached.

07:28.033 --> 07:30.266 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
This animal
hasn't been on the beach long.

07:30.266 --> 07:33.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And that's why if you really
like a lot of nice shells,

07:33.666 --> 07:35.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
you come after a good storm.

07:35.200 --> 07:36.933 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Look at this thing!

07:36.933 --> 07:39.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
This is one of the mud crabs.

07:39.633 --> 07:41.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Some people call them stone
crabs.

07:41.300 --> 07:42.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This is just the top
part of the body.

07:42.966 --> 07:44.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
>> It looks like pottery.
>> Yeah.

07:44.733 --> 07:47.400 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5%
Look at this.
Here is this front leg.

07:47.400 --> 07:48.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
It's modified a great deal.

07:48.900 --> 07:50.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And you see the size
of that claw.

07:50.766 --> 07:52.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
>> I don't think he's been dead
too long (laughs).

07:52.400 --> 07:54.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
>> It hadn't been dead
terribly long.

07:54.033 --> 07:55.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
No, but look at that thing.

07:55.200 --> 07:57.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It's called the stone crab,
because it lives in stones,

07:57.366 --> 07:59.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and it does have a very hard
shell in the claw,

07:59.666 --> 08:01.500 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
and the flesh in there,

08:01.500 --> 08:03.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
before it
decays, obviously, is edible.

08:03.866 --> 08:05.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Is that claw as powerful
as it looks?

08:05.633 --> 08:06.566 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
>> Extremely powerful.

08:06.566 --> 08:07.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Matter of fact,
this animal feeds

08:07.933 --> 08:09.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
on young oysters,

08:09.433 --> 08:10.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
so it can actually

08:10.666 --> 08:14.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
put enough force on the tips
there to crush oyster shells.

08:14.233 --> 08:15.900 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
And that's
a tremendous amount of force.

08:15.900 --> 08:17.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
>> I don't think
I'd want my finger

08:17.200 --> 08:18.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to come in contact with them
either.

08:18.633 --> 08:20.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The most common crab,
let's just get down

08:20.466 --> 08:22.266 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and look at these a second,

08:22.266 --> 08:24.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
because they're
kind of interesting.

08:24.600 --> 08:27.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The most common crab, I think,
to people in South Carolina,

08:27.533 --> 08:30.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
is the blue crab,
probably because it's edible.

08:30.266 --> 08:33.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> And because it has such
a beautiful blue coloring.

08:33.066 --> 08:34.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> Yeah, you can really see
the blue

08:34.300 --> 08:37.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
on the front legs there.

08:37.500 --> 08:39.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
And of course, these pincers

08:39.700 --> 08:42.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
are really nicely made
to grab people.

08:42.066 --> 08:43.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
They're protective devices,

08:43.433 --> 08:45.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
but the animal also gets food
with it.

08:45.500 --> 08:47.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
<Beryl> Those look like teeth.
<Rudy> Yeah, it does look it.

08:47.000 --> 08:51.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
These things have sharp spines
on the on the carapace here.

08:51.166 --> 08:52.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
And you can actually tell

08:52.600 --> 08:55.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
whether these crabs are males
or females pretty easily.

08:55.833 --> 08:57.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And we've got, I think,
examples of both here.

08:57.666 --> 08:59.933 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Most probably female crabs

08:59.933 --> 09:01.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
usually get larger
than the males,

09:01.833 --> 09:04.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
but you see the way
the abdomen which folds up

09:04.033 --> 09:08.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
under the body is real broad
and flat in the female.

09:08.133 --> 09:11.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And she, during the spring
and summer, has a mass of eggs

09:11.866 --> 09:13.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
that she protects right here

09:13.133 --> 09:14.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
in this part of her abdomen.
See?

09:14.833 --> 09:16.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
And that covers up over it.

09:16.633 --> 09:18.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
The male on the other hand --

09:18.033 --> 09:19.233 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
<Beryl> Well,
he doesn't have a --

09:19.233 --> 09:20.633 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
<Rudy>
-- has an abdomen like this.

09:20.633 --> 09:23.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
It's very, very skinny, narrow.

09:23.233 --> 09:25.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And, of course,
it doesn't function

09:25.266 --> 09:26.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
as an egg storage device.

09:26.800 --> 09:28.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
And so it's very easy

09:28.300 --> 09:31.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to tell the difference
in sexes of these animals

09:31.300 --> 09:32.400 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
on the beach.

09:32.400 --> 09:34.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But this is one of the crabs
that is edible.

09:34.833 --> 09:37.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Two more whelks
before we leave.

09:37.866 --> 09:41.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This one, you recall,
I believe, is the

09:41.700 --> 09:43.066 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
most common whelk we've got.

09:43.066 --> 09:44.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And I'll just mention it
quickly.

09:44.466 --> 09:45.566 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
It has knobs.

09:45.566 --> 09:47.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Common name would be --
<Beryl> -- the knob whelk.

09:47.733 --> 09:50.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
>> Knobbed whelk, right.
Very common in South Carolina.

09:50.633 --> 09:53.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And the other one here,
which has an opening that is

09:53.466 --> 09:55.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
instead of being
on the right side,

09:55.933 --> 09:59.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
on the left side of the body
is the lightning whelk.

09:59.633 --> 10:02.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and these three whelks are very,
very common in South Carolina,

10:02.466 --> 10:04.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
especially, again, after storms.

10:04.233 --> 10:06.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Let's see what else we can
find further down the way.

10:06.400 --> 10:07.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> Okay.

10:07.566 --> 10:11.566 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
(footfalls)

10:11.566 --> 10:15.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
(shells crunching)

10:16.733 --> 10:19.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> It's from about this level
down toward the beach

10:19.166 --> 10:21.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that's nice, and when the tide's
going out, of course,

10:21.266 --> 10:23.300 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
it's especially
nice time to look

10:23.300 --> 10:25.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because you've got more beach
to to take to take a look at.

10:25.833 --> 10:27.833 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
>> Rudy,
what's that orange material?

10:27.833 --> 10:30.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
>> The common name for it
is sea pork,

10:30.600 --> 10:32.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
because it does
look kind of porky

10:32.466 --> 10:34.300 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
and it does
come from the ocean,

10:34.300 --> 10:35.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
but it's a colony of animals

10:35.700 --> 10:38.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that are attached to something
solid out there in the sand.

10:38.700 --> 10:41.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And really, these animals
are very closely related

10:41.100 --> 10:42.500 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
to animals
with a backbone

10:42.500 --> 10:45.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
which would be animals,
you know, like us.

10:45.300 --> 10:48.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
The name sea pork is common.
>> He looks like a big pile
of muscle or something.

10:48.300 --> 10:49.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
<Rudy> Yeah.
<Beryl> I really can't --

10:49.600 --> 10:51.733 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
>> Sometimes
it's that orange color,

10:51.733 --> 10:54.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
sometimes it's a pink,
sometimes it's almost,

10:54.833 --> 10:56.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
you know, a whitish milky color.

10:56.766 --> 11:00.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But it is a group of animals,
surprisingly enough.

11:00.333 --> 11:01.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
There are really two
or three things here

11:01.633 --> 11:02.900 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
that are interesting.

11:02.900 --> 11:05.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Here's one of the bivalves

11:05.766 --> 11:07.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
called the Dosinia clam.

11:07.600 --> 11:09.400 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
We saw that on
an earlier show.

11:09.400 --> 11:10.666 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
<Beryl> Dosinia clam.

11:10.666 --> 11:12.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
<Rudy> Uh-huh, I picked up,
by the way,

11:12.100 --> 11:15.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
a bit of another animal
with a backbone.

11:15.366 --> 11:17.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You know what kind of animal
left that feather on the beach?

11:17.666 --> 11:19.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> No, tell me. (laughs)

11:19.333 --> 11:22.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Brown pelican. Real common
feather to find on the beach.

11:22.700 --> 11:24.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And it's real thick down here
at the base.

11:24.533 --> 11:25.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And they're coming animals
here.

11:25.866 --> 11:27.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> That's a nice quill.

11:27.133 --> 11:29.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
>> Here's one that
I think is just super.

11:29.500 --> 11:30.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
>> Oh, that is
a gorgeous shell!

11:30.833 --> 11:33.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> It's called a banded tulip
because of those bands.

11:33.600 --> 11:37.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And it's one of the marine
snails that actually covers up

11:37.033 --> 11:40.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the body with a little
operculum, it's called.

11:40.600 --> 11:42.233 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
You see that
pretty distinctively

11:42.233 --> 11:44.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and that operculum
protects the animal.

11:44.300 --> 11:45.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And, of course,
when the animal dies,

11:45.900 --> 11:48.100 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
the operculum
washes up on the beach,

11:48.100 --> 11:49.966 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
as well as the shell.

11:49.966 --> 11:52.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The animal's body, you see,
is still inside this shell.

11:52.466 --> 11:53.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
It hadn't really decayed yet.

11:53.666 --> 11:55.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
>> It really has
a shell covering.

11:55.500 --> 11:57.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
>> Yeah, exactly.
And this one is a univalve.

11:57.833 --> 11:59.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It only has one shell.

11:59.966 --> 12:03.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
One other crab that we,

12:03.300 --> 12:05.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
since we've been looking
at crabs today,

12:05.600 --> 12:09.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I think a good name
for this would be Calico Crab.

12:09.466 --> 12:10.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And that's one
of the common names.

12:10.933 --> 12:13.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Dolly Varden crab
is another common name.

12:14.100 --> 12:15.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
What do you call
that little animal

12:15.333 --> 12:16.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
living on top of it thing?

12:16.666 --> 12:18.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> I don't know.
What is it?

12:18.833 --> 12:20.300 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
>> What is that?
A barnacle.

12:20.300 --> 12:22.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And these barnacles,
although many people think

12:22.233 --> 12:24.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
they're closely related
to clams,

12:24.166 --> 12:27.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
are really more closely related
to the crab it's riding on.

12:27.600 --> 12:31.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
A great variety of living
things out here in the ocean.

12:31.166 --> 12:32.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
And one of the craziest.

12:32.300 --> 12:34.266 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
Look at this.

12:34.266 --> 12:35.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Oh, yes!
What a nice piece.

12:35.933 --> 12:37.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
<Rudy> Remember this sponge?
<Beryl> Sponge, yeah.

12:37.166 --> 12:40.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
>> It's really just
the skeleton of the animal,

12:40.700 --> 12:43.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
but still a very exciting one.

12:43.200 --> 12:46.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Again, an animal
of a strange variety.

12:46.300 --> 12:48.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> It's hard to think
of material like this, though,

12:48.333 --> 12:49.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
as an animal.

12:49.600 --> 12:51.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
>> Well, it's the skeleton
of the animal, really,

12:51.400 --> 12:52.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
instead of the animal directly.

12:52.933 --> 12:55.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Made out of a substance
known as spongin,

12:55.300 --> 12:57.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
which makes sense, doesn't it?

12:57.233 --> 12:59.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And, of course,
this thing, you remember,

12:59.166 --> 13:04.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
another big bivalve that
gets washed up on the beach

13:04.100 --> 13:05.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
after storms often.

13:05.166 --> 13:07.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
>> We saw that last year
at the beach.

13:07.100 --> 13:09.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> Sea pin. Let's hurry on
and see what else we can find.

13:09.800 --> 13:19.800 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Our time is short.

13:19.800 --> 13:29.800 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

13:29.800 --> 13:39.800 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

13:39.800 --> 13:49.800 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

13:49.800 --> 13:59.800 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

14:00.000 --> 14:01.200 align:left position:57.5% line:83% size:32.5%
Just see what
we can see.

14:01.200 --> 14:02.600 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
I'll pick up
a couple of things

14:02.600 --> 14:05.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and pick up anything
that looks interesting.

14:05.733 --> 14:07.633 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
(shells crunching)

14:07.633 --> 14:08.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Oh, that's a beaut,
thick!

14:08.966 --> 14:14.333 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
(footfalls)

14:14.333 --> 14:16.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> You know, walking around
like this makes me wonder

14:16.166 --> 14:18.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
what kind of animals
used to live here.

14:18.666 --> 14:22.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
>> I wonder what the
early humans who lived here,

14:22.166 --> 14:24.033 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
the Indians that
were so common on --

14:24.033 --> 14:25.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Here's a nice one.
-- Edisto Beach, used to --

14:25.633 --> 14:28.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> This is the home of
the Edisto Indians, isn't it?

14:28.500 --> 14:29.866 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
>> Right. Right.

14:29.866 --> 14:31.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
And of course, they fed on

14:31.766 --> 14:33.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
many of the animals
from the ocean.

14:33.733 --> 14:37.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The oysters and the clams
were fed on by early man

14:37.833 --> 14:39.400 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
in South Carolina.

14:39.400 --> 14:41.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Tremendous amount
of nutritional value

14:41.300 --> 14:43.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in the animals that live
in the ocean, of course.

14:43.433 --> 14:47.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And today we're thinking
about actually farming,

14:47.833 --> 14:49.933 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
you know, the ocean.

14:49.933 --> 14:52.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Oh, my goodness.
Look at this.

14:52.200 --> 14:53.600 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Now this is, oh, me!

14:53.600 --> 14:55.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
This is kind of one
of those things

14:55.033 --> 14:57.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that's interesting
and sad at the same time.

14:57.366 --> 14:59.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Do you know what
that is the remains of?

14:59.866 --> 15:03.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
>> It looks like a turtle,
and to me it looks pretty big.

15:03.166 --> 15:04.666 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5%
>> It's a turtle.
It's upside down here.

15:04.666 --> 15:05.833 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Just the skeleton remains.

15:05.833 --> 15:09.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And it's one of the loggerhead
sea turtles, I'm sure.

15:09.466 --> 15:12.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
One of the endangered species
in South Carolina

15:12.333 --> 15:14.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
and really all over its range.

15:14.066 --> 15:15.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> This turtle?

15:15.000 --> 15:16.100 align:left position:52.5% line:89% size:37.5%
>> This turtle.

15:16.100 --> 15:17.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
You're not allowed
to injure them, of course,

15:17.733 --> 15:18.833 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
or kill them.

15:18.833 --> 15:20.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We're just coming upon
the skeleton and finding it.

15:20.866 --> 15:23.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
But these animals get to be
a lot larger than this.

15:23.233 --> 15:28.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
This is probably a male turtle
because of the smaller size.

15:28.200 --> 15:30.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> This is a smaller size?

15:30.033 --> 15:31.233 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45%
>> Yeah, oh, yeah.

15:31.233 --> 15:34.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
They get, the shell gets,
you know, four feet or so long.

15:34.133 --> 15:38.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And the female may weigh
a few hundred pounds.

15:38.633 --> 15:41.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The shell you see
is held together by skin,

15:41.300 --> 15:42.733 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
the great deal
of which is gone.

15:42.733 --> 15:45.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
But you still see
a little bit left.

15:45.366 --> 15:49.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
An ingenious way to make a home
for yourself,

15:49.266 --> 15:53.233 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
the shell of these animals,

15:53.233 --> 15:56.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and we may be able
to actually pull out,

15:56.700 --> 15:58.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
put these shells down a moment.

15:58.033 --> 15:59.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> What is that?

15:59.166 --> 16:00.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And we're disturbing the insects
that are feeding here.

16:00.633 --> 16:02.233 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
>> Yeah, the flies are here.

16:02.233 --> 16:04.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Again, the insects
don't do well in the ocean,

16:04.000 --> 16:07.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
but they do come to the edge
to make do.

16:07.533 --> 16:11.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
This is a part of the top shell
of the turtle.

16:11.366 --> 16:13.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
This, of course, you know,
would be the outside part of it.

16:13.800 --> 16:15.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And one of the neat things
about turtles

16:15.566 --> 16:18.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
is that their ribs,
and this is one rib,

16:18.500 --> 16:21.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
their ribs actually
grow into the shell,

16:21.633 --> 16:23.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
which is really
a part of their skin.

16:23.500 --> 16:26.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And so, the ribs and the shell
fuse together

16:26.633 --> 16:30.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
to form one nice
solid structure.

16:30.166 --> 16:32.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And these animals, of course,
have done quite well.

16:32.200 --> 16:34.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
We find their fossils
in South Carolina.

16:34.566 --> 16:36.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
They take them back
millions and millions of years.

16:36.766 --> 16:40.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
They're still living out
in the oceans off shore.

16:40.166 --> 16:43.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Rudy, what is that weird
looking thing over there.

16:43.066 --> 16:45.066 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
>> Let me reach for it
and get it.

16:45.066 --> 16:46.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
This is kind of
an interesting animal

16:46.800 --> 16:48.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
that really does
have a history

16:48.633 --> 16:51.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
that we can trace
way back in time.

16:51.733 --> 16:54.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
We find fossils of this animal
in rocks

16:54.166 --> 16:56.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that are hundreds of millions
of years old.

16:56.300 --> 16:59.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It's changed very little
in a long period of time.

16:59.033 --> 17:01.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Some people actually
call this a living fossil,

17:01.800 --> 17:04.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
which sounds a little funny
to me, but anyhow...

17:04.366 --> 17:07.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
This is called
a horseshoe crab

17:07.166 --> 17:09.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
because of the fact the front
part of the shell, you see,

17:09.933 --> 17:12.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
is in the shape
of a horseshoe.

17:12.866 --> 17:15.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Some people call them
king crabs.

17:15.133 --> 17:18.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And really, in fact,
they're not more,

17:18.433 --> 17:21.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
they're not really closely
related to the true crabs,

17:21.833 --> 17:25.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
but more closely
related to the scorpions,

17:25.933 --> 17:27.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
which were one
of the first animals,

17:27.966 --> 17:29.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
at least in most
people's interpretation,

17:29.900 --> 17:33.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
one of the first animals
to leave that safe ocean

17:33.800 --> 17:38.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and to begin to assault
the rather unsafe land.

17:38.966 --> 17:42.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
This animal, you see has
a pair of compound eyes here

17:42.066 --> 17:45.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
like a lot of the insects do,

17:45.933 --> 17:47.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and that orients it
mainly due to the fact

17:47.833 --> 17:50.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that light is coming
from this way or that.

17:50.733 --> 17:53.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And, of course,
it has some spines and a tail

17:53.333 --> 17:54.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that looks like a stinger
to some people.

17:54.900 --> 17:56.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It's not a stinger at all.
>> It's not a stinger.

17:56.600 --> 17:59.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
<Rudy> No there's nothing about
this animal that can harm you

17:59.233 --> 18:01.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
unless you just
are afraid of it,

18:01.366 --> 18:02.766 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and you think
it's going to hurt you.

18:02.766 --> 18:04.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And then, of course,
you can hurt yourself

18:04.000 --> 18:05.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
trying to get away from it.

18:05.633 --> 18:06.766 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
This one is a male.

18:06.766 --> 18:08.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Remember, we were talking
about male and female

18:08.533 --> 18:10.166 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
blue crabs
a moment ago.

18:10.166 --> 18:12.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
This horseshoe
crab here is a male.

18:12.533 --> 18:14.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And you can tell it is
because these front legs

18:14.500 --> 18:18.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
are modified to form
little bulbs and a little knob.

18:18.833 --> 18:22.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And this allows him
to hang on to the back.

18:22.066 --> 18:26.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He hangs on to the back
of the female shell with those.

18:26.266 --> 18:30.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
She lays eggs in the sand,
and he deposits sperm.

18:30.133 --> 18:31.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> On the eggs themselves.

18:31.933 --> 18:34.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> On the eggs themselves, yeah,
it's external fertilization.

18:34.633 --> 18:36.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And these animals
have been crawling up

18:36.633 --> 18:38.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
to the shores of North America

18:38.433 --> 18:40.566 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
ever since
there's been a North America.

18:40.566 --> 18:41.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> That's something
to think about:

18:41.666 --> 18:44.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The fact that we had to evolve
and man structure

18:44.333 --> 18:45.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
had to adapt,

18:45.100 --> 18:46.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
but with find creatures

18:46.333 --> 18:49.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and still very close
to their original form.

18:49.266 --> 18:52.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
>> And a lot of these
creatures have lifestyles

18:52.466 --> 18:53.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
that are not very demanding.

18:53.633 --> 18:56.000 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
They eat almost anything.

18:56.000 --> 18:57.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
They can live almost anywhere.

18:57.933 --> 19:00.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And one of the animals
that fits that category

19:00.500 --> 19:01.633 align:left position:52.5% line:89% size:37.5%
is this animal.

19:01.633 --> 19:03.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Of course, the oceans haven't
really changed much either

19:03.700 --> 19:04.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
during a long period of time.

19:04.800 --> 19:06.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
A horseshoe crab

19:06.000 --> 19:08.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
with a little fly
you see sitting on there, too.

19:08.700 --> 19:09.933 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5%
What you got there?

19:09.933 --> 19:11.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> Oh, well,
you know how I am.

19:11.566 --> 19:13.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I'm a sucker for things
that just look pretty.

19:13.700 --> 19:17.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
>> You know, this shell from
the song “Cockles and Mussels.”

19:17.600 --> 19:20.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
This is one of the
giant Atlantic cockles.

19:20.400 --> 19:21.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
And you see, it's a bivalve,

19:21.933 --> 19:23.833 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
of course,
coming in two sections.

19:23.833 --> 19:25.066 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
It is edible.

19:25.066 --> 19:27.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Of course, this one's
a little large to eat.

19:27.266 --> 19:29.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
This is one variety of cockle,

19:29.233 --> 19:31.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
but let me show you
one more that I got

19:31.366 --> 19:33.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
along with a couple
other shells.

19:33.566 --> 19:37.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
This one is known
as the yellow cockle.

19:37.500 --> 19:39.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It's smaller in size
in that one,

19:39.333 --> 19:41.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and it's also identified,
but that --

19:41.133 --> 19:42.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> It's yellow!

19:42.233 --> 19:43.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
<Rudy> And in a little bit
of sunlight,

19:43.766 --> 19:45.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
you can really appreciate
the yellow,

19:45.433 --> 19:46.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
not only on the outside,

19:46.600 --> 19:49.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but you can open this thing up
pretty easily

19:49.466 --> 19:51.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and see a tremendous amount
of yellow.

19:51.200 --> 19:53.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
You see, also on the inside.

19:53.833 --> 19:55.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Is the color
the only difference, though?

19:55.500 --> 19:56.600 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
>> One of the differences.

19:56.600 --> 19:58.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
And this one, you see,
gets to be a larger size.

19:58.600 --> 19:59.733 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
These both are probably

19:59.733 --> 20:01.100 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
about as big
as they're going to get.

20:01.100 --> 20:04.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Both of these animals lie
in the sand and filter goodies

20:04.400 --> 20:05.166 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
out of the water.

20:05.166 --> 20:06.766 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
It's a nice way to live.

20:06.766 --> 20:08.400 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
Wish I could do that.

20:08.400 --> 20:10.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
This is a hard shelled clam

20:10.000 --> 20:11.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
is a common name for it.

20:11.866 --> 20:14.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It's got that purple
on the inside of it

20:14.700 --> 20:15.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
that's very distinctive.

20:15.866 --> 20:17.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It's one of the clams
that's edible.

20:17.366 --> 20:18.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
We eat it today.

20:18.333 --> 20:20.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We eat a lot of things
from that ocean today.

20:20.433 --> 20:23.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
An early man in South Carolina
living along this beach

20:23.200 --> 20:25.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
also fed on this animal

20:25.266 --> 20:29.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and tossed his shells
into a big garbage pile,

20:29.233 --> 20:31.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
really, or garbage dump area,
I guess, would be the best way

20:31.566 --> 20:32.500 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
to think of it.

20:32.500 --> 20:35.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Called a shell midden,
or a shell mound.

20:35.133 --> 20:37.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
We find them in South Carolina
today.

20:37.433 --> 20:39.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Little evidence
of man along the ocean.

20:39.300 --> 20:41.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> Oh, that's a beauty.

20:41.500 --> 20:44.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> This is one of my favorite
shells called a horse conch.

20:44.266 --> 20:46.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
It again,
is not really a true conch,

20:46.900 --> 20:48.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
but we call it that.

20:48.200 --> 20:49.366 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
It's one of the tulip shells,

20:49.366 --> 20:54.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but it's one of the largest
marine snails that we have

20:54.100 --> 20:55.266 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
in South Carolina.

20:55.266 --> 21:00.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It really is the largest in size
and can get twice as big.

21:00.000 --> 21:01.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> Another animal
to add to the variety.

21:01.800 --> 21:03.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
>> There's a great variety
of things.

21:03.133 --> 21:04.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Have you got anything else
you need to look at

21:04.733 --> 21:05.800 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5%
before we hurry on?

21:05.800 --> 21:07.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
>> I put something in
my pocket as we walked along,

21:07.433 --> 21:09.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
a bone, but I don't know what.

21:09.333 --> 21:11.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
>> This is another piece
of sea turtle.

21:11.100 --> 21:14.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
It may be the same loggerhead
that we found here.

21:14.766 --> 21:17.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Part of the front legs,

21:17.533 --> 21:20.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
the shoulder portion
of the animal.

21:20.133 --> 21:21.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
One other thing
I want to mention.

21:21.766 --> 21:24.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
You step across here.

21:24.300 --> 21:27.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
A lot of the material
that's found on the beaches

21:27.533 --> 21:29.100 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
is referred to as seaweed.

21:29.100 --> 21:32.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And much of it is the sponge
that we saw back there.

21:32.233 --> 21:34.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
But this is one
of the true seaweeds.

21:34.300 --> 21:36.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It's kind of brown
in color here,

21:36.066 --> 21:38.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
one of the plants
that live in the ocean.

21:38.033 --> 21:39.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
But this is a voyager.

21:39.300 --> 21:41.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It came from the middle
of the Atlantic Ocean

21:41.566 --> 21:43.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
in the Sargasso Sea.

21:43.266 --> 21:44.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It's called sargassum.
<Beryl> Sargassum.

21:44.866 --> 21:48.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
<Rudy> And it floats out there
in tremendous mats

21:48.466 --> 21:49.933 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
for miles and miles.

21:49.933 --> 21:52.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Every now and then
some breaks loose

21:52.300 --> 21:54.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and eventually gets
blown in during a storm

21:54.800 --> 21:56.400 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
up on our beaches.

21:56.400 --> 21:57.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
It's always fun
when you're beachcombing

21:57.933 --> 22:00.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to look for something that
has come from somewhere else.

22:00.666 --> 22:03.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
>> So it's sort of a semi alien
force too. (laughs)

22:03.200 --> 22:05.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
>> Yeah, in a sense,
it's floating in.

22:05.366 --> 22:07.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Let's see what we can find
further on.

22:13.233 --> 22:14.566 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
<Beryl> Rudy,
I had never noticed

22:14.566 --> 22:16.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
that shells have
so many different colors.

22:16.833 --> 22:19.166 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
>> Well, we're getting
fresher shells.

22:19.166 --> 22:21.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
These animals are
just recently dead,

22:21.800 --> 22:23.133 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and that allows the colors

22:23.133 --> 22:25.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
to really remain
pretty much the same.

22:25.100 --> 22:27.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Let's try to walk this edge
and see what we can see.

22:29.733 --> 22:32.066 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Interesting piece here.

22:32.066 --> 22:33.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
<Beryl> Oh, you know,

22:33.200 --> 22:35.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
driftwood is one of my
favorite things in the world.

22:35.066 --> 22:37.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
>> Yeah, it's beautifully
worked, as you can see.

22:37.200 --> 22:40.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And it's sort of a sign,
the fact that there used

22:40.333 --> 22:43.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to be some high ground here
that's now been worn away.

22:43.733 --> 22:46.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> Rudy, what is driftwood,
really?

22:46.466 --> 22:49.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
>> Well, the name implies
that you're talking about wood

22:49.366 --> 22:51.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that has been floating,
drifting,

22:51.233 --> 22:53.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
you know, for a long time
on the ocean,

22:53.200 --> 22:54.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
usually most people think.

22:54.833 --> 22:56.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Probably the easiest way
to define

22:56.566 --> 23:00.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
or describe driftwood is
it's water worn wood.

23:00.600 --> 23:02.666 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Three W's:
water, worn, wood.

23:02.666 --> 23:04.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
It does not have
to really drift.

23:04.733 --> 23:07.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
This tree is probably too large
to have done much drifting.

23:07.100 --> 23:10.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It was probably growing in
pretty much this same vicinity,

23:10.500 --> 23:12.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and the roaring ocean,
the Atlantic,

23:12.933 --> 23:14.400 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
has come in
and taken away

23:14.400 --> 23:15.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
that bit of ground

23:15.966 --> 23:17.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and now left the carcass
of this tree behind.

23:17.866 --> 23:19.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
But it is worn by water.

23:19.966 --> 23:23.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
You really can find, you know,
driftwood in large lakes

23:23.333 --> 23:26.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
very commonly as well as
along the seashore.

23:26.333 --> 23:28.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But, of course, when you look
at something like this --

23:28.433 --> 23:31.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Well, it looks like a natural
sculpture or something.

23:31.400 --> 23:32.500 align:left position:52.5% line:89% size:37.5%
It's beautiful.

23:32.500 --> 23:33.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> This is really the base
of the tree,

23:33.966 --> 23:35.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and these are actually roots

23:35.200 --> 23:36.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that are giving it
this beautiful look

23:36.766 --> 23:38.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and it's just tilted up
on its side.

23:38.633 --> 23:40.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
>> This is a live oak tree,
isn't it?

23:40.500 --> 23:41.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
<Rudy> Probably a live oak.

23:41.700 --> 23:45.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And they're real, you know,
common in this part of the state

23:45.433 --> 23:47.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and along the coast, especially.

23:47.966 --> 23:49.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
But it is beautifully worked.

23:49.900 --> 23:51.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
A couple of things
we ought to look at here.

23:51.900 --> 23:55.033 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And I think...
Yeah, I thought so.

23:55.033 --> 23:57.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> It's our friend again,
the horseshoe.

23:57.300 --> 23:59.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
>> This is our friend, except
it's just instead of the male,

23:59.900 --> 24:02.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
the smaller one
that we saw earlier,

24:02.300 --> 24:05.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
now, we've got an animal
with really some size to it.

24:05.833 --> 24:09.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And again, this is the female,
much larger in size.

24:09.733 --> 24:13.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The male uses those little
pronged projections,

24:13.366 --> 24:14.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
you know,
on the front pair of legs

24:14.766 --> 24:17.100 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
to hang on
right here on the sides

24:17.100 --> 24:20.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
of the female's shell.

24:20.266 --> 24:22.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And she deposits eggs
in the sand

24:22.766 --> 24:24.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and he deposits sperm over them.

24:24.233 --> 24:26.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And that's the way
the eggs are fertilized.

24:26.266 --> 24:27.933 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
And again,
they crawl out of that ocean

24:27.933 --> 24:30.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in the spring and summer
on these beaches.

24:30.166 --> 24:31.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
They've been doing that

24:31.033 --> 24:34.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
ever since North America
has been here.

24:34.033 --> 24:35.800 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Fabulous animal.

24:35.800 --> 24:39.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> That's a really weird looking
grass or reed or something.

24:39.433 --> 24:43.066 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
>> Yeah, most people
along the beach,

24:43.066 --> 24:46.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
would call this like everything
else that's kicked up

24:46.633 --> 24:48.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that looks like a plant,
seaweed.

24:48.466 --> 24:50.300 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
It's really
not a plant at all.

24:50.300 --> 24:52.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
This is another animal colony
in disguise,

24:52.966 --> 24:54.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
is probably the best way
to think about it.

24:54.466 --> 24:55.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It's one of the corals.

24:55.833 --> 24:56.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> This is coral?

24:56.766 --> 24:58.166 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
>> Yeah, you see,
it's real soft, though.

24:58.166 --> 25:01.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Fairly soft compared to the hard
coral that you usually find.

25:01.400 --> 25:02.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
And this is known as whip coral,

25:02.966 --> 25:05.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
I guess because of the fact

25:05.000 --> 25:07.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that it looks like
just a group of whips that are

25:07.333 --> 25:08.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
that are held together,

25:08.700 --> 25:11.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
sometimes it's red in color,
sometimes purple.

25:11.533 --> 25:13.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And of course,
often this yellow.

25:13.700 --> 25:16.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Seems to be something
growing on this one too.

25:16.233 --> 25:17.366 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
>> Yeah, this little thing

25:17.366 --> 25:22.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
hugging the little whip coral
is a Bryozoan, which is,

25:22.566 --> 25:24.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
a common name for it is
a moss animal.

25:25.133 --> 25:26.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Called that because
it sort of covers things

25:26.900 --> 25:29.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
like moss would cover a rock

25:29.000 --> 25:30.866 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
or the base
of a tree in a forest.

25:30.866 --> 25:32.100 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
But again,

25:32.100 --> 25:34.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the ocean is just loaded with
a great amount of diversity.

25:34.700 --> 25:36.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And you see a lot
of that reflected

25:36.866 --> 25:38.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
in what comes up on the beach,
but really,

25:38.533 --> 25:41.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
a couple of other things --
>> Just looking at the shells.

25:41.466 --> 25:42.900 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
<Rudy>
See if you can get that one.

25:42.900 --> 25:45.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And I've got something here
that's kind of crazy.

25:45.666 --> 25:47.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> What is this?

25:47.833 --> 25:50.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
>> All right, this is called
a lettered olive.

25:50.466 --> 25:53.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
There are a lot of different
olive shells.

25:53.266 --> 25:55.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And this one looks as if,
if you look carefully,

25:55.566 --> 25:57.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that maybe somebody
scribbled on there,

25:57.833 --> 26:01.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
maybe done some hieroglyphics,
or something written on it.

26:01.733 --> 26:04.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And so the name, common name
is lettered olive,

26:04.633 --> 26:06.366 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
and that makes sense.

26:06.366 --> 26:08.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
These are real common
in South Carolina.

26:08.400 --> 26:10.000 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Washed up on the beach.

26:10.000 --> 26:11.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Another predator.

26:11.333 --> 26:13.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
This is something
that I wonder

26:13.233 --> 26:15.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I wish I could have asked the
Indians that were living here,

26:15.666 --> 26:17.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"What did you think
when you found this washed up?"

26:17.700 --> 26:21.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
This looks like it's manmade,
but it isn't at all.

26:21.166 --> 26:23.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It was produced by a shark
and it's a piece

26:23.233 --> 26:25.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
of the backbone of a shark.

26:25.000 --> 26:26.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> This is a shark vertebrae.

26:26.200 --> 26:27.500 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
>> Yeah.
A piece of the vertebra.

26:27.500 --> 26:29.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Doesn't look very much
like a vertebra

26:29.500 --> 26:31.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because all the projections
are gone.

26:31.566 --> 26:34.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But the shark skeleton
is made out of cartilage,

26:34.500 --> 26:35.633 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
which is real flimsy.

26:35.633 --> 26:37.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
But as it gets older,
there's a tremendous amount

26:37.900 --> 26:40.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
of calcium salts laid down.

26:40.466 --> 26:41.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It hardens the skeleton

26:41.966 --> 26:44.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and allows some parts of it
to become fossilized.

26:44.966 --> 26:47.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
>> Why, Rudy, today has really
been a history lesson for us,

26:47.966 --> 26:49.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
I think.
>> Well, it's been a lot of fun.

26:49.666 --> 26:51.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
And one thing
I think that's important

26:51.600 --> 26:55.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to tell people who watch
is that if you like this show,

26:55.100 --> 26:56.100 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and we hope you do,

26:56.100 --> 26:58.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
respond to us,
we like to hear from you,

26:58.000 --> 27:01.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
but we encourage you
to get out on the beaches

27:01.000 --> 27:02.166 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
in South Carolina

27:02.166 --> 27:03.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
or into the mountains
or wherever

27:03.400 --> 27:05.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and have these experiences
for yourself.

27:05.733 --> 27:06.933 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
It's worth more than money.

27:06.933 --> 27:08.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
>> It sure is.

27:08.233 --> 27:10.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We hope you'll join us
beachcombing sometime.

27:10.300 --> 27:12.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Come on, I think we should keep
doing more of the same.

27:12.833 --> 27:14.066 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
>> There's more to be seen.

27:14.066 --> 27:15.433 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Let's walk toward that
little bit of island.

27:15.433 --> 27:22.366 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
♪

27:22.366 --> 27:24.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
<Beryl> Oh, it looks like the
perfect oasis or something,

27:24.666 --> 27:26.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
doesn't it?

27:26.100 --> 27:27.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
<Rudy> Oasis in a desert.
(laughter)

27:27.666 --> 27:37.666 align:left position:87.5% line:89% size:2.5%
♪

27:37.666 --> 27:47.666 align:left position:87.5% line:89% size:2.5%
♪

27:47.666 --> 27:57.666 align:left position:87.5% line:89% size:2.5%
♪

27:57.666 --> 28:07.733 align:left position:87.5% line:89% size:2.5%
♪

28:07.733 --> 28:17.733 align:left position:87.5% line:89% size:2.5%
♪

28:17.733 --> 28:20.100 align:left position:87.5% line:89% size:2.5%
♪