WEBVTT 00:03.733 --> 00:07.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% - Hi, I'm Rick Steves, back with more of the best of Europe. 00:07.066 --> 00:09.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This time, rather than a particular place, 00:09.566 --> 00:11.066 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% we're going thematic 00:11.066 --> 00:13.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and traveling anywhere that theme takes us. 00:13.733 --> 00:17.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% This time, it's the art of the Renaissance beyond Italy. 00:17.500 --> 00:19.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% From its springboard here in Florence, 00:19.400 --> 00:22.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% this cultural explosion spread far and wide, 00:22.433 --> 00:23.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% from Spain and Portugal 00:23.933 --> 00:26.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to the Netherlands and Germany and beyond. 00:26.800 --> 00:27.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Thanks for joining us. 00:29.000 --> 00:31.666 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (bright music) 00:52.100 --> 00:55.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (bright music continues) 01:00.633 --> 01:04.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% For two centuries, roughly 1400 to 1600, 01:04.266 --> 01:06.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% there was an explosion of art, 01:06.033 --> 01:09.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% learning, and culture known as the Renaissance. 01:09.100 --> 01:11.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% After centuries of medieval struggles, 01:11.300 --> 01:14.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Europe enjoyed a rebirth, or renaissance, 01:14.066 --> 01:17.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% of the enlightened ways of ancient Greece and Rome. 01:17.000 --> 01:19.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Though born in Florence, all this progress, 01:19.533 --> 01:23.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% so much great thinking and art, couldn't be contained. 01:23.333 --> 01:26.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We'll see the dramatic revolution in art 01:26.100 --> 01:29.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and meet the artistic geniuses who made it possible. 01:29.633 --> 01:32.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% In the seafaring lands of Spain and Portugal, 01:32.300 --> 01:34.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% we'll learn how plunder and trade funded art 01:34.800 --> 01:37.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% from lacy Manueline cloisters 01:37.100 --> 01:39.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% to the mystical beauty of El Greco. 01:39.766 --> 01:41.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Following the Renaissance north, 01:41.433 --> 01:44.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% we marvel at German woodcarvers, 01:44.433 --> 01:46.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the first mass-produced artists, 01:46.433 --> 01:50.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and the lovingly detailed work of masters in Belgium, 01:50.300 --> 01:53.133 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Flanders, and Holland. 01:53.133 --> 01:56.733 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60% Art that offers a vivid slice-of-life peek into their world, 01:56.733 --> 01:59.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% as well as art that takes us to places 01:59.300 --> 02:01.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% we might not want to go. 02:01.333 --> 02:03.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% With the money of merchant patrons, 02:03.500 --> 02:07.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% new technology in oil paints, and a more modern outlook, 02:07.433 --> 02:10.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the Renaissance revolutionized the way we think 02:10.200 --> 02:13.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% about our world and our place in it. 02:14.300 --> 02:16.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We'll track the spread of the Renaissance 02:16.033 --> 02:19.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% from its birthplace in Italy to Portugal and Spain. 02:19.900 --> 02:23.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Then we head north to Germany and the Low Countries. 02:26.166 --> 02:28.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Though best known for its art, the Renaissance 02:28.600 --> 02:30.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% would change Europe in every way, 02:30.566 --> 02:34.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% from politics to economics to religion. 02:34.133 --> 02:37.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Most of all, it was a whole new attitude toward life, 02:37.533 --> 02:40.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% a new optimism and confidence. 02:40.233 --> 02:42.700 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% It was humanism. 02:42.700 --> 02:45.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Humanism focused not on our sinfulness, 02:45.266 --> 02:50.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% as dominated the Middle Ages, but in our essential goodness. 02:51.400 --> 02:55.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% People worked hard, making money was respectable, 02:55.000 --> 02:57.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and excellence was rewarded. 02:57.500 --> 03:01.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Real-life people, not just saints and kings, were worthy, 03:01.500 --> 03:04.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% worthy of being portrayed realistically, 03:04.066 --> 03:06.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% in all their human glory. 03:06.600 --> 03:07.666 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% Humanism. 03:12.066 --> 03:14.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The Renaissance was a time of great curiosity, 03:14.766 --> 03:17.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% confidence, and bold new ideas. 03:17.200 --> 03:20.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Leonardo, Luther, Machiavelli, Michelangelo, 03:20.333 --> 03:21.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% consider these great names 03:21.766 --> 03:24.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and that they were all living around the year 1500. 03:24.900 --> 03:28.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And so was Vasco da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan. 03:28.966 --> 03:30.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% There was a collective sense of adventure, 03:30.866 --> 03:32.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% to reach out and explore. 03:32.833 --> 03:35.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The Renaissance was fueled in part by the riches 03:35.333 --> 03:38.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% generated by the growth of overseas trade. 03:38.200 --> 03:41.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% It was a time of exploration and conquest, 03:41.333 --> 03:43.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% an age known both ethnocentrically 03:43.433 --> 03:47.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and euphemistically as the Age of Discovery. 03:48.600 --> 03:52.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The Age of Discovery changed Europe forever. 03:52.133 --> 03:55.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% As explorers sailed east for the luxury goods of Asia 03:55.666 --> 03:58.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and west for the gold of the Americas, 03:58.433 --> 04:00.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they returned with new plants, animals, 04:00.766 --> 04:05.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and lots of plunder, including enslaved people. 04:05.166 --> 04:08.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Soon, exotic luxuries and gold from abroad 04:08.233 --> 04:11.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% were decorating Europe's palaces and churches. 04:18.033 --> 04:21.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% This age made the seafaring nations of Spain and Portugal, 04:21.333 --> 04:24.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% rather than Italy, the richest countries in Europe, 04:24.066 --> 04:26.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% funding another cultural and artistic boom. 04:28.133 --> 04:31.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The Age of Discovery began in Portugal, 04:31.066 --> 04:34.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% as the ornate architecture of the day recalls. 04:34.400 --> 04:36.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This tower, protecting Lisbon's harbor, 04:36.833 --> 04:39.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% was the last sight sailors saw as they headed out 04:39.833 --> 04:43.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% into the unknown and the first they saw when they returned, 04:43.600 --> 04:47.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% bearing plunder, gold, and spices. 04:47.733 --> 04:50.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% These early explorers were certainly heroic, 04:50.633 --> 04:54.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% eyes on the horizon, but with hands on their swords, 04:54.166 --> 04:57.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% they were also cruel conquistadors. 04:57.333 --> 05:00.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% They ushered in a time of trade and advancement 05:00.233 --> 05:04.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but also a dark time of exploitation and slavery. 05:05.666 --> 05:07.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator holds the ship 05:07.933 --> 05:10.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that made it all possible, a caravel. 05:12.133 --> 05:15.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Tiny Portugal on the Atlantic seaboard eventually emerged 05:15.233 --> 05:17.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% as an economic and cultural power 05:17.300 --> 05:19.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% with its own distinctive art. 05:20.433 --> 05:23.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% This ornate monastery was built by King Manuel 05:23.800 --> 05:27.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as a thanks to God for the wealth that poured in. 05:30.000 --> 05:32.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Manuel financed the construction by taxing spices 05:32.700 --> 05:34.133 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% brought back from Asia. 05:34.133 --> 05:37.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% He built all of this on the site of a humble chapel, 05:37.300 --> 05:38.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% where seafarers prayed 05:38.566 --> 05:40.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% before leaving on their frightening voyages. 05:40.700 --> 05:44.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The style of Manuel's church, Manueline. 05:44.033 --> 05:46.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% This uniquely Portuguese style of art 05:46.166 --> 05:49.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% reflects the wealth and diverse culture of the age. 05:49.333 --> 05:51.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It features motifs from the sea. 05:51.533 --> 05:53.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Interiors are open and airy, 05:53.600 --> 05:57.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with slender columns reminiscent of exotic palm trees. 05:57.500 --> 06:00.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Monsters evoke the mystery of uncharted lands. 06:02.300 --> 06:04.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% There's a column of indigenous people. 06:06.900 --> 06:10.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Artichokes eaten by sailors to fight scurvy. 06:10.233 --> 06:13.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And the ceiling, a Scout handbook of knots. 06:13.266 --> 06:16.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% It all trumpets Portugal's nautical know-how. 06:17.566 --> 06:20.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% These lacy Manueline cloisters are a testament 06:20.566 --> 06:23.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to the bold entrepreneurial and conquering spirit 06:23.766 --> 06:26.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that launched the Age of Discovery 06:26.333 --> 06:27.966 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and the affluence and art 06:27.966 --> 06:31.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that resulted in Portugal and beyond. 06:32.933 --> 06:36.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The Age of Discovery reached its peak in Spain. 06:36.400 --> 06:38.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, 06:38.533 --> 06:40.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% the monarchs who commissioned Columbus, 06:40.266 --> 06:42.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% ushered in Spain's so-called Golden Age. 06:43.833 --> 06:46.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The massive wealth plundered from the Americas 06:46.300 --> 06:48.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% was transformed into great art, 06:50.000 --> 06:55.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% towering altarpieces of silver and gold, cavernous churches, 06:57.933 --> 07:01.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% grand palaces, elaborate carvings, 07:05.966 --> 07:10.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and paintings that told the story as Spain wanted it told. 07:12.266 --> 07:14.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Europe's mightiest power ruled an empire 07:14.466 --> 07:16.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that stretched across the globe, 07:16.233 --> 07:19.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% from the Spanish Netherlands all the way to the Philippines. 07:19.833 --> 07:23.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% With their immense wealth, cosmopolitan Spanish monarchs 07:23.200 --> 07:26.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% appreciated and collected art from far and wide. 07:27.766 --> 07:31.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The Spanish especially loved art from faraway Venice, 07:31.166 --> 07:34.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% a once-great power that, while in elegant decline, 07:34.066 --> 07:37.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% was still producing great art. 07:37.133 --> 07:40.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Rich conservative Spaniards ate up the big canvases 07:40.733 --> 07:44.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and bright colors of the Venetian Renaissance, 07:44.200 --> 07:48.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% women, painted lush and golden, bathed in a soft-focus haze, 07:48.400 --> 07:51.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% like the city of Venice itself. 07:51.166 --> 07:54.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% They reveled in the Venetians' buoyant Renaissance spirit. 07:57.766 --> 08:00.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Titian, the greatest Venetian painter, 08:00.000 --> 08:02.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% captured on canvas the bold confidence 08:02.500 --> 08:04.166 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% of the Spanish king, 08:04.166 --> 08:07.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% the most powerful man in the world, Charles V. 08:08.733 --> 08:11.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The emperor's son, though very religious, 08:11.200 --> 08:14.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% collected a bevy of sensual Titians. 08:14.400 --> 08:16.066 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% We see the moral conflicts 08:16.066 --> 08:18.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% these people must have struggled with, 08:18.066 --> 08:20.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% as this nobleman, with his hands on his organ, 08:20.666 --> 08:23.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% is torn between high cultural pleasures 08:23.466 --> 08:26.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% like music and more worldly pleasures. 08:28.066 --> 08:30.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% During this age, it must have seemed 08:30.233 --> 08:32.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as if Europe's elites were being showered 08:32.333 --> 08:34.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% with blessings from heaven, 08:34.433 --> 08:36.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% At least that's the implied message 08:36.333 --> 08:38.033 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% they hung on their walls. 08:41.566 --> 08:44.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The artistic influences from Spain's vast empire 08:44.600 --> 08:47.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% came together in Toledo with its greatest 08:47.433 --> 08:49.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and last Renaissance painter. 08:49.433 --> 08:52.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% His name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos, 08:52.500 --> 08:55.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% though his tongue-tied friends just called him The Greek, 08:55.766 --> 08:57.366 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% or El Greco. 08:58.633 --> 09:01.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Artistically, he's hard to classify. 09:01.733 --> 09:04.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% El Greco's work reflects his strong faith 09:04.300 --> 09:06.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and his much-traveled life. 09:06.466 --> 09:09.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% It's a synthesis of three cultures, 09:09.066 --> 09:12.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% the icon-like faces of his Greek Orthodox homeland, 09:12.533 --> 09:14.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% the bold color and twisting poses 09:14.633 --> 09:16.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% from his schooling in Venice, 09:16.600 --> 09:19.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and the mystical Catholicism of Spain, 09:19.700 --> 09:22.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% where he eventually settled, in the city of Toledo, 09:22.566 --> 09:24.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% then Spain's capital. 09:24.533 --> 09:28.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It's there that El Greco forged his unique style. 09:30.533 --> 09:32.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Working at the end of the Renaissance, 09:32.166 --> 09:33.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the art of El Greco overlapped 09:33.733 --> 09:36.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% with the next artistic style, Mannerism. 09:36.733 --> 09:40.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Imagine being an artist coming after Leonardo and Raphael. 09:40.300 --> 09:42.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% How to improve on their brilliance? 09:42.400 --> 09:45.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% You'd make your art as a reaction to their perfection. 09:47.000 --> 09:50.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Mannerism is a melodramatic departure from the calm realism 09:50.633 --> 09:53.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% so cherished by Renaissance sensibilities. 09:54.866 --> 09:58.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It featured elongated bodies, twisting poses, 09:58.966 --> 10:00.600 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and smooth brushwork. 10:01.866 --> 10:05.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Parmigianino, for example, with his slippery baby 10:05.400 --> 10:08.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and stretched-out Madonna, is famed for this. 10:10.733 --> 10:13.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Even Michelangelo's very last statue, 10:13.666 --> 10:17.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% his unfinished "Pieta Rondanini" in Milan, 10:17.266 --> 10:19.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% has this stretched-out aesthetic. 10:23.133 --> 10:26.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But we're in Spain, and El Greco is a fine example. 10:26.900 --> 10:30.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% As a Mannerist, El Greco painted supernatural visions, 10:32.233 --> 10:35.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% elongated saints, stretched between earth and heaven. 10:35.433 --> 10:38.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% He painted souls, not bodies. 10:38.533 --> 10:41.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Faces flicker like candles. 10:41.400 --> 10:44.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Thoroughly modern in its disregard for realism, 10:44.600 --> 10:48.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% El Greco's art feels contemporary even today. 10:51.533 --> 10:53.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% This altarpiece depicting the Virgin Mary 10:53.900 --> 10:57.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% ascending to heaven, combines El Greco's signature elements 10:57.433 --> 11:00.366 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% to capture an otherworldly event. 11:00.366 --> 11:02.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% While on earth, the city of Toledo sleeps, 11:02.733 --> 11:06.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% an angel in a billowing robe spreads its wings and flies up, 11:06.466 --> 11:09.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% supporting the Virgin Mary on her trip to heaven. 11:10.933 --> 11:14.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% In this divine vision, she floats through warped space, 11:14.066 --> 11:17.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to be serenaded by angels and wrapped 11:17.033 --> 11:20.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% in the radiant light of the Holy Spirit. 11:20.200 --> 11:24.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Mary is charged from within by the ecstasy of her faith. 11:26.333 --> 11:29.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% No painter captured the mystery of the spiritual world 11:29.266 --> 11:31.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% quite like El Greco. 11:31.200 --> 11:34.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% He fused innovative techniques with Spanish religiosity 11:34.833 --> 11:38.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to cap the Renaissance of Golden Age Spain. 11:42.266 --> 11:44.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The Renaissance eventually spread throughout Europe. 11:44.933 --> 11:46.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% In each country, 11:46.233 --> 11:48.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the art and architecture evolved differently, 11:48.200 --> 11:50.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% shaped by that country's unique cultural 11:50.400 --> 11:52.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and economic environment. 11:52.200 --> 11:54.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% That's clear in Europe's Northern Renaissance. 11:57.066 --> 12:00.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% In Germany, the spirit of the age thrived in merchant towns 12:00.266 --> 12:02.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% like Rothenburg, which looks today 12:02.533 --> 12:05.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% much like it did in the 1500s. 12:06.266 --> 12:09.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This wooden altarpiece, Rothenburg's artistic highlight, 12:09.500 --> 12:12.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% is a testament to German craftsmanship. 12:13.533 --> 12:16.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Tilman Riemenschneider, the Michelangelo of woodcarvers, 12:16.800 --> 12:19.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% created it to hold a tiny crystal capsule 12:19.766 --> 12:22.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% believed to contain a drop of Jesus' blood. 12:25.433 --> 12:28.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Carved 500 years ago, the dramatic expressions 12:28.700 --> 12:31.400 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% add emotion to the story. 12:31.400 --> 12:34.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In the scene of the Last Supper, Jesus gives Judas, 12:34.700 --> 12:37.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% as usual, clutching his bag of coins, 12:37.166 --> 12:40.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% a piece of bread, marking him as the traitor. 12:41.333 --> 12:44.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% This exquisite altarpiece is a German blend 12:44.433 --> 12:48.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of medieval piety and Renaissance sophistication. 12:51.633 --> 12:53.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% In painting, Germany's Renaissance master 12:53.900 --> 12:55.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% was Albrecht Durer. 12:56.666 --> 12:59.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% He traveled to Italy and brought home Italy's embrace 12:59.866 --> 13:02.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of realism, humanism, and respect for artists 13:02.966 --> 13:05.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% as cultural leaders of the day. 13:06.633 --> 13:08.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Bold and dynamic and quirky, 13:08.700 --> 13:11.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Durer had no problem with his ego. 13:11.666 --> 13:14.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% He painted himself almost as the Christ of his day, 13:14.800 --> 13:19.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% celebrating his genius and his great head of hair. 13:19.000 --> 13:22.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% His proud monogram marks nearly all his art. 13:23.466 --> 13:25.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Durer was more than a painter. 13:25.133 --> 13:27.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% As a master engraver, he created prints 13:27.866 --> 13:30.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% made from finely crafted metal plates. 13:30.766 --> 13:35.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% His trademark detail and realism is extraordinary. 13:35.300 --> 13:38.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% At his workshop, you can see how it's with these tools 13:38.400 --> 13:41.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that the artist cuts an image into the copper plate. 13:42.966 --> 13:46.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% After rubbing it with ink, a print is made from the plate. 13:51.266 --> 13:54.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Durer was famous for his vivid portrayals 13:54.033 --> 13:55.633 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% of the natural world. 13:55.633 --> 13:59.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% To be able to enjoy such beautiful yet mass-produced art 13:59.433 --> 14:02.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% must have been a marvel 500 years ago. 14:03.433 --> 14:06.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Durer was the first best-selling artist in history. 14:06.500 --> 14:08.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Thanks to this impressive new technology, 14:08.633 --> 14:11.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% many prints could be made from a single master plate. 14:13.200 --> 14:16.566 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65% Durer's engravings were affordable and spread across Europe, 14:16.566 --> 14:19.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% further accelerating the rapid spread of new art 14:19.366 --> 14:21.166 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% and new ideas. 14:23.566 --> 14:26.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The Northern Renaissance wasn't a renaissance 14:26.200 --> 14:28.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% in the literal, or Italian, sense, like the rebirth 14:28.733 --> 14:30.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% of classical culture in Florence. 14:30.733 --> 14:34.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It was a cultural boom funded by an economic boom. 14:34.633 --> 14:37.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% While in the south, it was art for kings, nobility, 14:37.566 --> 14:39.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and the church, here in the north, 14:39.366 --> 14:42.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it was more the art of merchants and businessmen. 14:43.300 --> 14:44.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Europe's north was humming 14:44.766 --> 14:47.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% with commercial hubs, like Brussels. 14:47.333 --> 14:50.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Its magnificent main square and towering city hall 14:50.600 --> 14:53.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% proclaimed the wealth of the new merchant class. 14:54.700 --> 14:56.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% These ornate buildings were the headquarters 14:56.666 --> 14:59.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% for the different professional guilds, 14:59.166 --> 15:01.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% bakers, brewers, tanners, and so on. 15:03.433 --> 15:06.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The nearby city of Bruges was another economic 15:06.000 --> 15:08.233 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and cultural powerhouse. 15:08.233 --> 15:09.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Its soaring bell tower announced 15:09.966 --> 15:11.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that it was a self-ruling city 15:11.933 --> 15:15.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% of the prosperous region of Flanders. 15:15.200 --> 15:17.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% That's the Dutch- or Flemish-speaking 15:17.033 --> 15:18.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% northern half of Belgium. 15:20.133 --> 15:23.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% This church, also with a sky-scraping tower of bricks, 15:23.366 --> 15:25.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the most practical local building material, 15:25.800 --> 15:28.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% was filled with cultural treasures, 15:28.066 --> 15:32.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% from its powerful pipe organ to its elaborate tombs. 15:34.300 --> 15:37.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The appetite of the market shaped the art. 15:37.266 --> 15:40.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Here in the north, where patrons were mostly merchants, 15:40.200 --> 15:42.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% they didn't want to be preached at. 15:42.033 --> 15:44.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% They wanted art that celebrated their values 15:44.366 --> 15:47.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and their hard work, art that was feel-good and affordable. 15:49.066 --> 15:51.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% It was no-nonsense portraits of themselves 15:51.666 --> 15:56.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and their families, happy scenes of everyday life. 15:56.033 --> 15:59.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Flemish painters were great storytellers. 15:59.333 --> 16:01.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Rather than just Madonnas and saints, 16:01.666 --> 16:05.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it was also peasants, landscapes, and food. 16:05.633 --> 16:08.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Northern paintings were filled with symbolism 16:08.033 --> 16:11.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and extremely realistic, with astonishing detail. 16:13.566 --> 16:17.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This Flemish power couple hired a famous painter to portray, 16:17.066 --> 16:19.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with lots of symbolism, their wealth, 16:19.766 --> 16:23.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% loyalty, piety, and fertility. 16:23.300 --> 16:25.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Their rich belongings, from fancy clothing 16:25.633 --> 16:28.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% to their stylish headwear, are proudly on display. 16:30.400 --> 16:32.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% The dog at their feet, loyalty. 16:32.733 --> 16:35.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% You can practically count the hairs on its head. 16:35.966 --> 16:37.500 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Rosary beads on the wall. 16:37.500 --> 16:39.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% That meant a strong faith. 16:39.833 --> 16:43.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% While the woman may look pregnant, she's most likely not, 16:43.066 --> 16:45.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% just gathering together her fine cloth to show it off 16:45.966 --> 16:48.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% or creating the impression that she's fertile. 16:48.500 --> 16:50.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Or maybe she's just boasting the belly 16:50.433 --> 16:52.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of a well-fed upper-class woman. 16:52.766 --> 16:56.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Perhaps the first famous canvas to use oil-based paint, 16:56.266 --> 16:58.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the detail is groundbreaking, 16:58.500 --> 17:01.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the reflection of the couple from behind in the mirror 17:01.200 --> 17:03.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and even the artist himself, 17:03.566 --> 17:06.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the masterful treatment of light and shadow. 17:11.533 --> 17:13.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% By the way, to capture such detail, 17:13.533 --> 17:17.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Flemish artists mastered the use of oil-based paints. 17:17.633 --> 17:21.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Until about 1500, an egg-based paint called tempera 17:21.566 --> 17:24.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% was what most European painters used. 17:24.466 --> 17:27.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% They'd mix the mineral-based colors with egg yolk, 17:27.466 --> 17:29.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% which, when dried, became the binder. 17:29.933 --> 17:32.600 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (gentle music) 17:35.933 --> 17:40.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But then Flemish painters begin using oil-based paints. 17:40.900 --> 17:44.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% With this new, improved paint, the same mineral-based colors 17:44.733 --> 17:47.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% are mixed into vegetable oil. 17:47.533 --> 17:50.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Now when dried, the oil, rather than egg yolks, 17:50.600 --> 17:51.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% binds the color. 17:53.200 --> 17:56.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This oil painting by the Flemish artist Jan van Eyck, 17:56.666 --> 17:59.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% from the early 1400s and still vivid, 17:59.400 --> 18:02.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% is exquisite in its detail. 18:02.800 --> 18:06.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The Madonna's delicate face, the saint's robe, 18:08.066 --> 18:09.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the weave of the carpet, 18:10.933 --> 18:13.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the stubble on the aging face, 18:13.666 --> 18:16.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% glasses actually magnifying the print 18:16.433 --> 18:19.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% are all possible because of the qualities 18:19.133 --> 18:21.100 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% of oil-based paints. 18:22.466 --> 18:25.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Ever since, oil paints have been the standard. 18:25.666 --> 18:28.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% With these paints, artists enjoyed richer colors 18:28.766 --> 18:30.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and more flexibility. 18:30.733 --> 18:33.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They could apply layer upon translucent layer, 18:33.566 --> 18:38.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% called glazes, to create ever-more subtle details. 18:38.500 --> 18:39.866 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% While medieval paintings, 18:39.866 --> 18:42.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% like this lovely Madonna by Giotto, 18:42.066 --> 18:44.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% are egg-based tempera on wood, 18:44.533 --> 18:46.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% you can see the advantage oil-based paints 18:46.966 --> 18:49.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% on canvas gave later artists. 18:49.633 --> 18:53.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% With oil, Raphael could get a fuller spectrum of colors, 18:53.666 --> 18:56.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and Leonardo could paint with more nuance. 18:59.333 --> 19:02.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% One thing I love about art is it can be the closest thing 19:02.733 --> 19:06.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to a time-tunnel experience we'll enjoy in our travels. 19:06.066 --> 19:10.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Slices of everyday life, like these, take us back in time. 19:11.200 --> 19:14.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The undisputed master of the slice-of-life scene 19:14.200 --> 19:17.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% was the Flemish artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. 19:17.466 --> 19:21.366 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60% He captured the rustic simplicity of country folk at play. 19:21.366 --> 19:25.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Where the Italian Renaissance depicted strong noble heroes, 19:25.000 --> 19:29.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Northern artists like Bruegel celebrated humanity's quirks 19:29.033 --> 19:31.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and poked fun at its foibles. 19:32.966 --> 19:35.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% At this peasant wedding, farmers scramble 19:35.466 --> 19:37.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% for their share of the free food. 19:37.666 --> 19:40.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Two men bring in fresh pudding on a tray, 19:40.733 --> 19:45.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% another passes the bowls down, a kid licks his fingers, 19:45.366 --> 19:48.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% while the bagpiper pauses to check it all out. 19:48.800 --> 19:51.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Amid the feeding frenzy, almost forgotten, 19:51.633 --> 19:53.800 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% sits the demure bride. 19:56.500 --> 20:00.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% In this bird's-eye view of a snow-covered Belgian village, 20:00.133 --> 20:02.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% kids throw snowballs and play on the ice, 20:02.966 --> 20:04.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% while men lug bushels 20:04.433 --> 20:07.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% across a frozen lake and a crowd gathers at the inn. 20:10.700 --> 20:14.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But wait, it's actually a religious scene. 20:14.133 --> 20:17.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The village is Bethlehem, and there's Joseph 20:17.633 --> 20:20.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with his carpenter's saw leading a pregnant Mary, 20:20.933 --> 20:22.366 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% looking for a room. 20:23.600 --> 20:25.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Far from the Holy Land, 20:25.000 --> 20:28.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Bruegel literally brings the religious message home. 20:28.133 --> 20:30.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% It's Bethlehem in Flanders. 20:33.566 --> 20:36.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% In addition to their slice-of-life secular scenes, 20:36.466 --> 20:38.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Northern artists of the Renaissance 20:38.400 --> 20:40.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% also gave the traditional medieval altarpiece 20:40.966 --> 20:43.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% a new level of sophistication. 20:43.533 --> 20:47.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% To those who understood it, the symbolism was obvious. 20:47.200 --> 20:52.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% As Jesus presides, the lily means mercy, the sword judgment. 20:53.733 --> 20:57.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He stands on a globe representing the universality 20:57.000 --> 20:58.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% of his message. 20:59.233 --> 21:01.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% As angels blow horns to wake the dead, 21:01.766 --> 21:03.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Michael, the archangel, determines 21:03.833 --> 21:06.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% which souls are heavy with sin. 21:09.266 --> 21:11.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The apostles pray for the souls of the dead 21:11.833 --> 21:14.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% as they emerge from their graves. 21:14.500 --> 21:16.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% A painting could be like a sermon 21:16.533 --> 21:18.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% for the illiterate faithful. 21:19.566 --> 21:23.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The individual faces are painted to make each a real person 21:23.333 --> 21:25.866 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% with a unique personality. 21:25.866 --> 21:28.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And extraordinarily intricate detail, 21:28.533 --> 21:31.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% enhanced by the new technique of oil paints, 21:31.266 --> 21:34.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% illustrates the full range of human emotions. 21:35.800 --> 21:39.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% In the faces of the damned, you can almost hear the screams 21:39.266 --> 21:41.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and gnashing of teeth. 21:41.566 --> 21:44.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% But Christ is expressionless. 21:44.000 --> 21:47.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% At this point, the cries of the wicked are useless. 21:49.166 --> 21:51.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% This altarpiece in a hospital in Bruges 21:51.633 --> 21:55.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% was also painted with an agenda, to comfort dying patients. 21:55.933 --> 21:57.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Gazing at this gathering in heaven, 21:57.766 --> 22:00.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they could imagine leaving this world of pain 22:00.033 --> 22:02.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and illness and being at home with Mary, 22:02.666 --> 22:04.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Jesus, and the saints. 22:04.833 --> 22:08.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This heaven, which echoes wealthy Bruges in the 1400s, 22:08.233 --> 22:10.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% complete with familiar details, 22:10.300 --> 22:13.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% brought the religious message home to the here and now. 22:17.333 --> 22:20.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% 500 years ago, one Flemish painter, Hieronymus Bosch, 22:20.966 --> 22:22.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% took the Northern Renaissance 22:22.533 --> 22:25.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% in a direction that seems radical even today. 22:26.633 --> 22:28.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% His "Garden of Earthly Delights," 22:28.500 --> 22:30.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% a three-paneled painting, or triptych, 22:30.866 --> 22:32.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% shows the delights of the world 22:32.766 --> 22:35.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and where those temptations lead. 22:35.600 --> 22:38.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% In Act I, man and woman are born innocent 22:38.600 --> 22:42.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in the Garden of Eden, blessed by a kind god. 22:42.100 --> 22:46.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But then foolish people chase after earthly delights, 22:46.266 --> 22:49.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% a pursuit that is ultimately a vicious cycle. 22:50.900 --> 22:53.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% They're lured by the world's pleasures, 22:55.066 --> 22:55.866 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% eating, 22:58.333 --> 22:59.133 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% drinking, 23:01.033 --> 23:02.100 align:left position:45% line:89% size:45% sex. 23:04.333 --> 23:06.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Like the fleeting flavor of that fruit, 23:06.500 --> 23:08.633 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% strawberries everywhere symbolize 23:08.633 --> 23:11.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% how the delights of hedonism are soon gone. 23:14.200 --> 23:16.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Two lovers are suspended in a bubble. 23:18.033 --> 23:21.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Then, in the third panel, the bubble pops. 23:21.233 --> 23:24.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The moral of the story, those party animals 23:24.066 --> 23:26.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% are heading straight to hell, 23:26.233 --> 23:29.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% a burning, postapocalyptic wasteland 23:29.000 --> 23:32.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% where sinners are led off to eternal torment. 23:32.766 --> 23:35.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Every sinner gets an appropriate punishment. 23:35.533 --> 23:39.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Gluttons are themselves consumed over and over. 23:39.633 --> 23:43.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Good-time musicians are tortured by their own instruments. 23:43.866 --> 23:47.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Gamblers have their party forever crashed. 23:47.433 --> 23:51.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And a lecher gets sexually harassed by a pig-faced nun. 23:52.900 --> 23:56.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Amid it all, a face peers out of this bizarre nightmare, 23:56.466 --> 24:00.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% a self-portrait of the artist, Bosch. 24:02.333 --> 24:06.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Whether portraying heaven, hell, or anything in between, 24:06.533 --> 24:09.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% artists of the period were opening people's eyes 24:09.300 --> 24:11.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% to a new way of looking at things. 24:11.833 --> 24:14.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And the Renaissance was this and more. 24:14.766 --> 24:17.400 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% An invigorating spirit of humanism 24:17.400 --> 24:22.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that had begun in Florence, it spread from Italy to Spain 24:23.633 --> 24:26.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to the north, eventually infusing all of Europe 24:26.266 --> 24:28.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% with its can-do optimism. 24:33.966 --> 24:36.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Europe offers a lifetime of artistic treasures. 24:36.900 --> 24:38.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And the more you understand its art, 24:38.633 --> 24:41.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% the more you'll appreciate the society that created it. 24:41.966 --> 24:44.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I hope you've enjoyed our sweep through the highlights 24:44.266 --> 24:46.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of the Renaissance beyond Italy. 24:46.466 --> 24:49.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Soon the progress unleashed during this age would bring 24:49.566 --> 24:54.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% even more revolutionary changes and even more dynamic art. 24:54.166 --> 24:55.266 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% I'm Rick Steves. 24:55.266 --> 24:57.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Until next time, keep on travelin'. 25:00.733 --> 25:02.200 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% Hey, I'm Rick Steves. 25:02.200 --> 25:04.666 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% Reflecting on the program you've just seen, 25:04.666 --> 25:07.400 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% think of the educational value of the programming 25:07.400 --> 25:11.233 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% this station brings to your community day in and day out. 25:11.233 --> 25:15.533 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Public television is not a charity, it's a service. 25:15.533 --> 25:16.900 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% If you're enjoying this service 25:16.900 --> 25:19.433 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% and can't afford to help out, that's fine. 25:19.433 --> 25:22.233 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% That's the beauty of public broadcasting, 25:22.233 --> 25:24.900 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% but if you're enjoying it and you can't afford to help out, 25:24.900 --> 25:27.366 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% it's only right to do so. 25:27.366 --> 25:29.266 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% This is bigger than you and me. 25:29.266 --> 25:31.966 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% This station is important for our families, 25:31.966 --> 25:34.766 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% for our neighborhoods, and for our society, 25:34.766 --> 25:38.566 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% and supporting it now is more important than ever. 25:38.566 --> 25:41.366 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% In a world where so much is being privatized, 25:41.366 --> 25:44.833 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% this station is public, it belongs to all of us, 25:44.833 --> 25:48.800 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% and it needs and deserves our financial support. 25:48.800 --> 25:51.566 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% When you support this public television station, 25:51.566 --> 25:53.866 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% you support the educational value 25:53.866 --> 25:56.466 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% of quality independent programs, 25:56.466 --> 25:59.000 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% programs that respect your intelligence, 25:59.000 --> 26:02.000 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% and at the same time, you get great benefits, 26:02.000 --> 26:05.766 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% including Passport, which offers access to more programs, 26:05.766 --> 26:10.300 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% more episodes, more of your public television favorites. 26:10.300 --> 26:13.433 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% Consider the value that the programming you enjoy right here 26:13.433 --> 26:17.300 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% adds to your life, and then scan or go online 26:17.300 --> 26:19.433 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% to make your donation now. 26:20.833 --> 26:22.966 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - [Announcer] Invest in your local PBS station 26:22.966 --> 26:25.433 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% by becoming an $8 monthly sustainer, 26:25.433 --> 26:28.733 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% or make a $96 annual contribution right now 26:28.733 --> 26:31.900 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% and we'll say thanks with a wonderful collection of gifts. 26:31.900 --> 26:34.866 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% You'll receive Rick Steve's book "For the Love of Europe," 26:34.866 --> 26:36.600 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% which shares his favorite memories 26:36.600 --> 26:39.600 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% from decades of travel in 100 essays. 26:39.600 --> 26:43.533 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% It's 400 pages of fun and inspirational travel stories. 26:43.533 --> 26:45.500 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% On top of that, you'll receive a copy 26:45.500 --> 26:47.333 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% of "Europe through the Back Door." 26:47.333 --> 26:49.833 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% This book is packed with practical tips 26:49.833 --> 26:51.466 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% from chapters on packing light 26:51.466 --> 26:53.433 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% and planning a smart itinerary 26:53.433 --> 26:56.800 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% to eating your way through Europe and finding great hotels. 26:56.800 --> 26:58.900 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% We'll also send you this map of Europe, 26:58.900 --> 27:00.733 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% which is perfect for pre-trip planning 27:00.733 --> 27:03.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% and using while you're on the vacation of your dreams. 27:03.666 --> 27:06.066 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% Plus, you'll receive Rick Steve's newsletter, 27:06.066 --> 27:07.766 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5% which is packed full of travel tips 27:07.766 --> 27:09.833 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% about European destinations. 27:09.833 --> 27:12.666 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% And don't forget, with your qualifying contribution, 27:12.666 --> 27:15.666 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% you'll be able to enjoy a terrific member benefit, 27:15.666 --> 27:19.166 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% PBS Passport, which lets you watch every one of Rick's shows 27:19.166 --> 27:21.300 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% that's available on the PBS app. 27:21.300 --> 27:23.600 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% With PBS Passport, you'll also be able 27:23.600 --> 27:26.433 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% to stream a treasure trove of your favorite dramas, 27:26.433 --> 27:29.000 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% history, arts, music, and more. 27:29.000 --> 27:34.066 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% So don't wait. Go to pbs.org/rick to give now. 27:34.566 --> 27:35.333 align:left position:37.5% line:5% size:52.5% Thank you. 27:39.200 --> 27:41.633 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% - As you can see, it's easy to donate 27:41.633 --> 27:43.333 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% to support public television. 27:43.333 --> 27:45.300 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Whether you're watching the station on the air 27:45.300 --> 27:48.166 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% or streaming shows like this right here, 27:48.166 --> 27:51.100 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% please take a moment to make your donation. 27:51.100 --> 27:53.700 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Doing so, you'll support your local station 27:53.700 --> 27:56.433 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% and the great programming it brings your way. 27:56.433 --> 27:58.200 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% And again, as a bonus, 27:58.200 --> 28:01.966 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% you'll enjoy great benefits including Passport. 28:01.966 --> 28:03.300 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5% Thanks a lot. 28:03.300 --> 28:06.700 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% (bright dramatic music) 28:34.533 --> 28:36.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% (bricks clanking) 28:36.166 --> 28:39.133 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% (ate slams) 28:39.133 --> 28:42.033 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (dramatic music)