WEBVTT 00:01.500 --> 00:03.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - Hey, I'm Rick Steves back with more 00:03.200 --> 00:04.500 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% of the best of Europe. 00:04.500 --> 00:06.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This time rather than a particular place, 00:06.833 --> 00:08.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% we're going thematic and traveling 00:08.600 --> 00:10.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% wherever that theme takes us. 00:10.500 --> 00:12.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% In this episode, it's the Impressionists 00:12.900 --> 00:17.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and those who follow from Monet to van Gogh to Alen. 00:17.033 --> 00:18.200 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Thanks for joining us. 00:20.766 --> 00:23.900 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% (lighthearted music) 00:52.566 --> 00:54.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Europe in the late 1800s experienced 00:54.666 --> 00:57.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the biggest revolution in art since the Renaissance. 00:57.566 --> 01:00.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The Impressionists, with their passion for capturing 01:00.366 --> 01:01.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% shimmering light on canvas, 01:01.633 --> 01:03.566 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% turned the art world on its head. 01:03.566 --> 01:06.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% With the next generation, the Post-Impressionists, 01:06.166 --> 01:08.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the art world just kept changing, 01:08.366 --> 01:10.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% as these rebels explored new frontiers 01:10.800 --> 01:12.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% in artistic expression. 01:12.933 --> 01:15.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We'll meet a rat pack of non-conformists 01:15.566 --> 01:17.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% armed with easels and brushes 01:17.266 --> 01:19.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and determined to change the world of art. 01:19.533 --> 01:20.700 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% (lighthearted music) 01:20.700 --> 01:23.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Monet with his fellow Impressionists, 01:25.300 --> 01:29.500 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5% Rodin, who sculpted Impressionism into bronze and stone, 01:29.500 --> 01:32.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and the Post-Impressionist taking art in a tangle 01:32.566 --> 01:34.233 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% of innovative directions. 01:34.233 --> 01:37.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% From Luca with his sinuous Art Nouveau, 01:37.000 --> 01:38.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% to Seurat with his dots, 01:40.066 --> 01:42.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Cezanne with his slabs, 01:42.633 --> 01:45.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Gauguin with his exotic primitivism, 01:45.900 --> 01:48.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and van Gogh, who, with his swirling brushstrokes, 01:48.966 --> 01:51.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% invigorated all he painted. 01:54.166 --> 01:57.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% In the late 19th century, the art world was dominated 01:57.033 --> 02:00.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% by the prestigious French art school called The Academie. 02:00.433 --> 02:02.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% But some independent artists struggled 02:02.500 --> 02:04.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to be free from its stuffy dictates. 02:04.733 --> 02:07.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The result, a period with both conservative 02:07.433 --> 02:09.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and revolutionary art at the same time. 02:09.833 --> 02:11.333 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (gentle music) 02:11.333 --> 02:14.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Mainstream 19th century artists painted idealized beauty, 02:14.966 --> 02:17.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% while with plenty of nudes, this was conservative art 02:17.666 --> 02:19.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% popular throughout the 1800s 02:19.566 --> 02:22.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% because it was simply beautiful. 02:22.200 --> 02:25.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Kavanagh's "Birth of Venus" was the quintessence of beauty. 02:25.833 --> 02:28.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% This love queen, reclined seductively, 02:28.333 --> 02:30.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% just born from the foam of a wave. 02:30.566 --> 02:33.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% At the time, sex was considered dirty 02:33.333 --> 02:37.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and could be exalted only in a more pure and divine form. 02:37.600 --> 02:40.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Such idealized beauty sold well. 02:40.133 --> 02:42.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% It was made to order for well-off customers 02:42.866 --> 02:44.700 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% who were afraid of change. 02:45.733 --> 02:47.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% But outside the conservative Academie, 02:47.966 --> 02:49.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% a new breed of artists was painting 02:49.800 --> 02:52.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the real life of real people. 02:52.266 --> 02:55.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Called the Realists, they captured honest snapshots 02:55.933 --> 03:00.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of everyday life, from no-nonsense portraits, 03:02.533 --> 03:04.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to peasant spinners of yarn, 03:06.333 --> 03:08.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to gleaners bending low to scavenge 03:08.933 --> 03:11.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% what they can from an already harvested field. 03:12.866 --> 03:16.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% This unvarnished realism proved shocking. 03:16.400 --> 03:19.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Instead of painting more dreamy goddesses, 03:19.066 --> 03:22.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Gustave Courbet gave a gritty behind-the-scenes look 03:22.400 --> 03:23.466 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% at his studio. 03:25.033 --> 03:27.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% His model, not a goddess, but a real woman, 03:27.966 --> 03:30.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% takes a break to watch Courbet at work. 03:30.966 --> 03:33.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And the little boy admires the brave artist 03:33.933 --> 03:35.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% for bucking conformity. 03:38.333 --> 03:41.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Edouard Manet took realism to another level. 03:41.633 --> 03:45.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% He posed this prostitute like a classic goddess. 03:45.566 --> 03:49.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% But instead of golden skin and a radiant face, 03:49.433 --> 03:52.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% he made her shockingly ordinary. 03:53.633 --> 03:57.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Her hand is a clamp. Her stare, calculating. 03:59.033 --> 04:00.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Ignoring the flowers her servant brings 04:00.866 --> 04:02.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% from her last customer, 04:02.500 --> 04:06.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% she looks out as if to say, "Next." 04:07.366 --> 04:10.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Manet innovated, he placed this woman 04:10.133 --> 04:12.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% alongside men in business suits, 04:12.500 --> 04:15.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% brazenly accentuating her nudity. 04:15.233 --> 04:18.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Rather than the polished brushwork of The Academie, 04:18.000 --> 04:21.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% he experimented with thick paint, sharp outlines, 04:21.933 --> 04:26.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and odd perspective, further perplexing the critics. 04:26.400 --> 04:29.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% When Manet had his work rejected in 1867, 04:29.833 --> 04:32.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% he put on his own show, 04:32.033 --> 04:34.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% thumbing his nose at the establishment. 04:35.833 --> 04:39.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Manet's boldness attracted a younger generation of artists. 04:39.433 --> 04:42.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% They admired him for his everyday subjects, 04:42.500 --> 04:47.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% experimental techniques, and his artistic integrity. 04:47.033 --> 04:49.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Soon they'd strike out on their own. 04:49.966 --> 04:52.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Let the Impressionist revolution begin. 04:54.600 --> 04:57.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% These artists were known as the Impressionists. 04:57.866 --> 05:00.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Freed from the stifling constraints of The Academie 05:00.800 --> 05:02.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and inspired by the realists, 05:02.633 --> 05:05.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% they took their easels outdoors. 05:05.033 --> 05:08.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Their philosophy, like a Declaration of Independence, 05:08.233 --> 05:11.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% it was out of the studio and into nature. 05:12.566 --> 05:15.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The Impressionists painted the French countryside, 05:15.433 --> 05:18.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but the true subject wasn't so much the farms, 05:18.533 --> 05:20.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% rivers and forests. (gentle music) 05:20.333 --> 05:22.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% It was all about the light. 05:25.700 --> 05:28.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% They even studied which pigments would reproduce 05:28.133 --> 05:30.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% reflected light most accurately. 05:30.866 --> 05:34.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And when the light was just right, they painted furiously 05:34.433 --> 05:36.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to catch the scene before it was gone. 05:38.066 --> 05:40.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The way the light reflected off the passing clouds, 05:40.633 --> 05:43.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% the waving grass, the billowing dress. 05:46.066 --> 05:49.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The father of Impressionism was Claude Monet. 05:49.533 --> 05:52.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The son of a grocer with little formal education, 05:52.500 --> 05:55.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% he dedicated his life to discovering new ways 05:55.400 --> 05:57.400 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% of seeing things. 05:57.400 --> 06:01.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% With this quick impression of a harbor at sunrise, 06:01.066 --> 06:04.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Monet helped give the movement its name. 06:04.400 --> 06:07.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The real subject, the impression of the light 06:07.400 --> 06:11.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% reflected on the water, rendered in a few squiggly lines 06:11.033 --> 06:12.966 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% or broad strokes of paint. 06:14.166 --> 06:17.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Impressionists used an innovative technique. 06:17.166 --> 06:20.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% They applied bright colors in thick dabs 06:20.066 --> 06:22.133 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% side by side on the canvas 06:22.133 --> 06:25.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and let them mix as they traveled to your eye. 06:25.500 --> 06:30.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Up close, it's a mess, but move back and voila. 06:32.200 --> 06:34.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Since the colors never completely resolve, 06:34.800 --> 06:37.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% they continued to vibrate in the mind, 06:37.333 --> 06:41.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% giving Impressionist paintings their shimmering vitality. 06:44.566 --> 06:47.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% With Impressionism, the physical object in the painting 06:47.133 --> 06:50.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% was now just the rack upon which the light, shadow 06:50.166 --> 06:51.866 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and color would hang, 06:51.866 --> 06:54.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and that's what the artist work to capture. 06:54.400 --> 06:56.133 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% (lighthearted music) 06:56.133 --> 06:58.666 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60% Monet would paint the same subject at different times of day 06:58.666 --> 07:02.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and in different weather to capture the different light. 07:02.400 --> 07:05.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% A cathedral, for example, in morning sun, 07:07.533 --> 07:08.433 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% full sun, 07:10.933 --> 07:12.333 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% and gray weather. 07:13.600 --> 07:16.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The same building becomes a montage of subjects 07:16.333 --> 07:20.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as it dissolves into pure light and color. 07:22.733 --> 07:24.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Monet's friend, Renoir, 07:24.400 --> 07:27.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% also pioneered the Impressionist style. 07:28.266 --> 07:30.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% With his working class background, 07:30.266 --> 07:33.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Renoir loved to paint everyday Parisians 07:33.166 --> 07:35.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% dressed in their Sunday best, 07:35.000 --> 07:39.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% gathering at outdoor cafes to eat, drink and dance. 07:39.966 --> 07:41.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Renoir's bright colors 07:41.566 --> 07:44.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% caught the glowing afternoon sunlight, 07:44.000 --> 07:47.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% filtering through the leaves, dabbling the dancers 07:47.133 --> 07:51.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with darts of light like a 19th century disco ball. 07:51.300 --> 07:54.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% As if snapping a photo with a slow shutter speed, 07:54.366 --> 07:57.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% he created a waltzing blur of joy. 07:58.966 --> 08:01.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% With soft focus and broad brushstrokes, 08:01.733 --> 08:06.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Renoir painted easygoing scenes of everyday people, 08:06.300 --> 08:07.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% especially women. 08:09.233 --> 08:11.500 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% His nudes were voluptuous. 08:13.066 --> 08:16.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And he caught the innocent joy of middle class life. 08:18.633 --> 08:22.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% As Renoir himself said of his always happy paintings, 08:22.900 --> 08:26.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% "There are enough ugly things in life." 08:28.733 --> 08:30.466 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% Each of the Impressionists developed 08:30.466 --> 08:32.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% their own distinctive style, 08:32.466 --> 08:35.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Pissarro with his grainy earthiness, 08:35.466 --> 08:38.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Sisley with his cloudy landscapes, 08:39.200 --> 08:42.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and Edgar Degas with his ballerinas. 08:42.266 --> 08:44.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (dramatic music) 08:44.233 --> 08:46.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% With his knack for catching subjects 08:46.066 --> 08:50.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% at an unguarded moment, Degas showed dancers rehearsing 08:50.366 --> 08:53.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% hot, tired, and bored. 08:54.000 --> 08:55.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% But when the lights came on, 08:55.733 --> 08:58.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Degas captured all the onstage glitter, 08:58.766 --> 09:02.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the joie de vivre of France's beautiful age, 09:02.166 --> 09:03.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% the Belle Epoque. 09:05.433 --> 09:08.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% (gentle music) From his mansion in Paris, 09:08.300 --> 09:12.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Auguste Rodin brought Impressionism to sculpting. 09:12.333 --> 09:16.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% His rough surfaces rippling with frosting like texture 09:16.433 --> 09:18.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% were like thick brush strokes on a canvas, 09:18.933 --> 09:23.600 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65% capturing the effect of reflected light on stone or bronze. 09:24.733 --> 09:27.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Rodin made ordinary people seem noble, 09:27.933 --> 09:30.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and their nudity makes them universal. 09:32.033 --> 09:34.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Like a modern Michelangelo, he sculpted human figures 09:34.966 --> 09:36.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% with powerful insight, 09:36.533 --> 09:40.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% revealing, through the body, their deepest emotions. 09:40.433 --> 09:43.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Rodin's historic mansion, now a museum, 09:43.300 --> 09:46.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% shows off the full range of the artist's work. 09:46.433 --> 09:49.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% His early pieces reflected the Belle Epoque style 09:49.266 --> 09:53.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of the late 19th century, noble busts of bourgeois citizens 09:53.300 --> 09:56.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and pretty portraits of their daughters. 09:56.900 --> 09:58.766 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% But with his working class roots, 09:58.766 --> 10:02.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Rodin forged a more down to earth raw and individual style 10:02.933 --> 10:05.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that shocked the art establishment. 10:05.633 --> 10:08.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Look at the intensity of this symbol of France 10:08.666 --> 10:12.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% as she screams, "Liberte, egalité, fraternite." 10:13.566 --> 10:16.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with his groundbreaking bronze man 10:16.000 --> 10:18.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Rodin came into his own and was recognized 10:18.800 --> 10:20.900 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% as an artistic force. 10:20.900 --> 10:23.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% From this point on, he left convention behind 10:23.733 --> 10:26.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and blazed his own artistic trail. 10:27.500 --> 10:30.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Here, his "Hand of God" shapes Adam and Eve 10:30.333 --> 10:33.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% from the mud of the earth to which they will return. 10:35.066 --> 10:37.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Unlike Michelangelo who selected a piece of marble 10:37.533 --> 10:39.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and then carved a single work of art, 10:39.333 --> 10:42.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Rodin created models which could then be reproduced 10:42.300 --> 10:44.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and sold as authorized versions. 10:44.733 --> 10:48.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In "The Kiss," a woman twines around her solid man 10:48.100 --> 10:50.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% seemingly lost in a forever embrace. 10:50.733 --> 10:52.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% While the stories from a legend 10:52.333 --> 10:54.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and their lips never quite meet, 10:54.033 --> 10:55.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the statue was controversial. (gentle music) 10:55.966 --> 10:58.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% That's because Rodin portrayed the woman 10:58.033 --> 11:01.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% as being equally passionate as the man in the love making. 11:01.433 --> 11:03.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Though provocative, the statue proved 11:03.533 --> 11:05.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to be a big hit with the public. 11:07.400 --> 11:12.066 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65% Rodin's garden was a leafy impressionist scene come to life. 11:12.066 --> 11:14.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Even today, visitors find it a place 11:14.333 --> 11:16.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% for peaceful meditation, 11:16.000 --> 11:20.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% a century after the artist last planted a statue here. 11:20.333 --> 11:24.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Rodin's most famous legacy is his "Thinker," 11:24.200 --> 11:26.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% leaning forward, tense, and compact, 11:26.933 --> 11:29.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% every muscle working toward producing 11:29.066 --> 11:30.833 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% that one great thought. 11:30.833 --> 11:35.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% It captured the intensity of Rodin's own creative process. 11:35.333 --> 11:38.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Said Rodin, "It is a statue of myself." 11:40.233 --> 11:43.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Impressionism reached its culmination with the same man 11:43.400 --> 11:45.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% who started it, Claude Monet. 11:45.833 --> 11:49.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Late in life, Monet moved to this garden estate. 11:49.233 --> 11:52.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The colorful gardens were like his brush strokes, 11:52.133 --> 11:56.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% a bit slap dash, but part of a carefully composed mosaic. 11:56.700 --> 12:00.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Monet made a pond and filled it with water lilies. 12:00.566 --> 12:02.633 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (gentle music) 12:02.633 --> 12:06.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% He painted the water lilies in this ensemble of canvases, 12:06.833 --> 12:09.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% all focusing on the ever changing light 12:09.933 --> 12:13.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% from the pre-dawn darkness, to clear morning light, 12:13.800 --> 12:18.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to afternoon lavender, to golden sunset. 12:20.100 --> 12:23.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% He'd start by laying down thick, big brush strokes 12:23.233 --> 12:26.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% of a single color, horizontal and vertical, 12:26.700 --> 12:30.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to create a dense mesh of foliage. 12:30.133 --> 12:33.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Then add more color for the dramatic highlights 12:33.533 --> 12:37.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% until he got a dense paste of piled up paint. 12:37.933 --> 12:39.866 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Up close, it's messy. 12:39.866 --> 12:44.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But back up, and the colors resolve into a luminous scene. 12:44.066 --> 12:48.333 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Just pure reflected color. 12:48.333 --> 12:51.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The true subject is not really the lilies, 12:51.500 --> 12:54.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% but the changing reflections on the pond 12:54.633 --> 12:58.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% where lilies mingle with the clouds and trees. 12:58.766 --> 13:01.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Monet cropped his scenes ever closer 13:01.433 --> 13:04.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% until there was no shoreline, no horizon, 13:04.833 --> 13:07.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% no sense of what's up or down, 13:07.600 --> 13:10.166 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% until you're completely immersed. 13:11.766 --> 13:14.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In his final paintings, the great Impressionist 13:14.433 --> 13:17.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% dissolved the physical subject more and more 13:17.033 --> 13:20.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% into purely abstract patterns of colorful paint 13:20.533 --> 13:23.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% anticipating the future of art. 13:28.200 --> 13:30.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The Impressionists were like a tribe. 13:30.300 --> 13:32.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% They spoke the same artistic language, 13:32.633 --> 13:34.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% but after that, more than ever, 13:34.366 --> 13:36.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% artists went in different directions 13:36.833 --> 13:39.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% creating art that was uniquely their own. 13:39.233 --> 13:43.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And those artists were the Post-Impressionists. 13:43.066 --> 13:45.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% George Seurat took the Impressionist technique 13:45.300 --> 13:48.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% to its logical conclusion, reducing the brushstroke 13:48.933 --> 13:50.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% to a brush dot. (gentle music) 13:50.966 --> 13:52.566 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% This was pointalism. 13:53.533 --> 13:55.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% All the dots would blend in the eye 13:55.333 --> 13:58.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% like a shimmering mosaic of reflected light. 14:03.733 --> 14:06.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Paul Cezanne built his scenes not with dots 14:06.833 --> 14:08.466 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% but with thick slabs. 14:09.966 --> 14:12.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% His subjects were simple and familiar, 14:12.900 --> 14:16.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% objects reduced to their basic geometrical forms: 14:16.733 --> 14:21.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% spherical apples, rectangular houses, 14:21.300 --> 14:24.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and people posed in triangles. 14:25.566 --> 14:29.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% By simplifying reality into fundamental shapes, 14:29.000 --> 14:31.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Cezanne inspired future artists 14:31.233 --> 14:34.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% to see ordinary things in a new way. 14:44.333 --> 14:47.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Paul Gauguin sailed to exotic Tahiti 14:47.000 --> 14:48.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% where he painted the native people. 14:52.866 --> 14:57.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% What may seem primitive and simple is actually intentional. 14:58.800 --> 15:00.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Flat scenes with no shading, 15:01.933 --> 15:04.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% black outlines filled in with bright colors. 15:04.800 --> 15:07.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The space decks up rather than recedes 15:07.500 --> 15:10.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% when he uses the same colors in the foreground 15:10.033 --> 15:11.233 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% and the background. 15:13.466 --> 15:16.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% His women, so different from the establishment Venuses 15:16.966 --> 15:18.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% of The Academie back in Paris, 15:18.966 --> 15:22.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% lounge innocently giving uptight Europeans 15:22.733 --> 15:25.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a glimpse of a pacific Garden of Eden. 15:27.833 --> 15:30.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And among the boldest of these Post-Impressionists 15:30.866 --> 15:33.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% was Vincent van Gogh. 15:33.266 --> 15:36.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% For van Gogh, his life and art were intertwined. 15:38.400 --> 15:41.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% A humble pastor's son from a small Dutch town, 15:41.300 --> 15:43.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% he spent time helping poor coal miners 15:43.900 --> 15:46.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% in search of his calling. 15:46.433 --> 15:48.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He gave farm laborers the same dignity 15:48.866 --> 15:51.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% usually afforded aristocrats. 15:51.300 --> 15:54.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Through his art, he portrayed a vibrant world 15:54.433 --> 15:56.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% he felt so intensely. 15:58.233 --> 16:00.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% He moved to Paris, and the City of Light 16:00.100 --> 16:02.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% opened up a whole new world of color. 16:02.466 --> 16:05.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Vincent hobnobbed with the Impressionists. 16:05.033 --> 16:07.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% He studied their bright colors, rough brush work, 16:07.700 --> 16:09.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% and everyday scenes. 16:09.300 --> 16:10.833 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (gentle music) 16:10.833 --> 16:13.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He painted shimmering reflections like Monet, 16:15.000 --> 16:19.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% cafe snapshots like Degas, still life's like Cezanne, 16:21.466 --> 16:24.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and self portraits like nobody else. 16:27.266 --> 16:29.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% He set out for the south of France, 16:29.666 --> 16:31.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% energized by the sun-drenched colors 16:31.733 --> 16:34.066 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and the breathtaking vistas. 16:34.066 --> 16:35.366 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% In just two years, 16:35.366 --> 16:38.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Vincent produced an explosion of canvases: 16:40.000 --> 16:44.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% sunshine, rolling hills, the patchwork farms. 16:45.433 --> 16:46.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Working in the open air, 16:46.633 --> 16:48.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% he feverishly painted the landscape, 16:50.000 --> 16:54.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the simple workers and the starry, starry nights. 16:57.000 --> 17:00.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% His unique style, thicker paint, brighter colors, 17:00.366 --> 17:04.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and swirling brush work made everything he painted 17:04.233 --> 17:05.666 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% pulse with life. 17:08.600 --> 17:11.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Vincent's ecstasy alternated with dark times. 17:11.933 --> 17:14.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% He painted the loneliness of his own room. 17:14.666 --> 17:18.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He drank too much and suffered bouts of depression. 17:19.500 --> 17:22.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% He was admitted to a local hospital where he found peace 17:22.533 --> 17:25.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% painting calm scenes of nature. 17:25.566 --> 17:28.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% But it seems he also wrestled with his inner demons, 17:28.733 --> 17:32.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% capturing spiritual scenes with surreal colors, 17:32.066 --> 17:34.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% twisted forms, and dark outlines. 17:36.500 --> 17:39.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% In one of his last works, the canvas is a wall 17:39.533 --> 17:42.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% of thick paint with roads leading nowhere 17:42.566 --> 17:45.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and ominous crows taking flight. 17:45.866 --> 17:47.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Overwhelmed with life, 17:47.533 --> 17:50.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Vincent walked into a field like this one 17:50.433 --> 17:51.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% and shot himself. 17:53.800 --> 17:55.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% With his paintings, van Gogh, 17:55.733 --> 17:58.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% though unappreciated in his own time, 17:58.066 --> 18:02.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% inspired his fellow artists to seek a new kind of beauty. 18:06.333 --> 18:09.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The year before van Gogh died in 1889, 18:09.166 --> 18:11.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Paris erected its Eiffel Tower. 18:11.766 --> 18:13.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% The centerpiece of a World's Fair, 18:13.666 --> 18:15.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% it was a symbol of Europe's progress, 18:15.866 --> 18:18.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% celebrating how technology could merge with art 18:18.866 --> 18:22.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to be both functional and beautiful. 18:22.000 --> 18:24.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The mighty tower proclaimed the can-do spirit 18:24.533 --> 18:26.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of the industrial age. (regal music) 18:26.266 --> 18:29.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Its no-nonsense iron beams were not plastered over 18:29.200 --> 18:32.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% with older styles like neogothic or neoclassical, 18:32.966 --> 18:34.800 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% but proudly displayed. 18:36.033 --> 18:37.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% With its graceful curves 18:37.466 --> 18:40.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and unabashed embrace of technology, 18:40.233 --> 18:44.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% the tower helped inspire a new style of art, Art Nouveau. 18:46.000 --> 18:49.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% This new art turned modern technology, 18:49.200 --> 18:52.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% iron glass ceramic tiles, into beauty. 18:54.000 --> 18:57.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Inspired by the curves of plants, artists made columns 18:57.400 --> 18:59.300 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and ribs feel like a forest. 19:01.000 --> 19:03.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% They decorated humdrum metro entrances 19:03.333 --> 19:06.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with artistic iron work, employed a playful blend 19:06.900 --> 19:09.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% of organic swoops and vertical lines. 19:10.533 --> 19:12.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Facades are colorful. 19:13.833 --> 19:17.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And interiors glow with stained glass. 19:24.733 --> 19:26.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Art Nouveau was an epoch of beauty. 19:26.800 --> 19:29.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It celebrated creativity and the notion that art, 19:29.766 --> 19:33.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% design, fine living, it all flowed together. 19:33.266 --> 19:35.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% (lighthearted music) In their homes, 19:35.700 --> 19:38.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the wealthy decorated with leafy designs. 19:40.233 --> 19:43.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% They added curves and beautiful inlays to furniture, 19:43.833 --> 19:45.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and even added a graceful touch 19:45.600 --> 19:47.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to the latest home technology, 19:47.633 --> 19:50.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% turning even the most practical everyday objects 19:50.800 --> 19:52.200 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% into works of art. 19:53.633 --> 19:57.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The sumptuous beauty of Art Nouveau was wearable as well. 19:59.466 --> 20:03.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% In Paris, a struggling Czech immigrant named Alphonse Mucha 20:03.366 --> 20:07.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% created a theatrical poster with a uniquely sinuous touch. 20:07.766 --> 20:10.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% It was an overnight sensation, 20:10.100 --> 20:13.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and Mucha had set a template for Art Nouveau. 20:14.833 --> 20:18.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Willowy maidens with elegant gowns and flowing hair, 20:20.266 --> 20:24.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% immersed in a background of flowery pastel designs, 20:25.333 --> 20:29.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% visions of the good life and pure beauty. 20:31.033 --> 20:34.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% The flowery style blossomed all over Europe. 20:35.600 --> 20:38.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% While in France it was called Art Nouveau. 20:38.733 --> 20:42.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% In Germany and Austria, it was Jugendstil, young style. 20:48.933 --> 20:52.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And in Barcelona it was modernisma. 20:52.366 --> 20:54.200 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (gentle music) 20:54.200 --> 20:57.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Upscale neighborhoods shimmered with colorful, 20:57.233 --> 20:59.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% leafy and organic shapes. 21:01.066 --> 21:03.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% On this street, several mansions jostled 21:03.566 --> 21:05.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to outdo each other in creativity. 21:08.333 --> 21:09.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% Galloping gables, 21:11.933 --> 21:13.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% molded concrete, 21:14.600 --> 21:18.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% colorful ceramic tiles and shards of glass. 21:18.733 --> 21:21.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Perhaps the most innovative mansion of all 21:21.200 --> 21:25.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% with its roller coaster curves and melting ice cream eaves 21:25.266 --> 21:28.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% was by hometown boy Antoni Gaudi. 21:30.833 --> 21:33.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% With his Casa Mila, the organic sensibilities 21:33.833 --> 21:35.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of motorist architecture flowed 21:35.766 --> 21:38.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% into practical everyday living. 21:38.466 --> 21:40.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% This apartment for a wealthy businessman 21:40.566 --> 21:42.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% shows how the affluence of the industrial age 21:42.866 --> 21:44.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% was enjoyed on a personal level, 21:44.933 --> 21:47.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% at least by the upper class. 21:47.200 --> 21:50.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Now, an apartment could be a small palace. 21:58.300 --> 22:01.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Barcelona's Park Guell shows a more playful side 22:01.400 --> 22:03.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of Gaudi's architectural genius. 22:03.566 --> 22:04.966 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (jovial music) 22:04.966 --> 22:07.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% While today, the grand stairway and its welcoming lizard 22:07.833 --> 22:10.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% feels like a park for fun seekers, 22:10.266 --> 22:12.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Gaudi intended this 30-acre garden 22:12.700 --> 22:15.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to be a housing development for 60 residents, 22:15.700 --> 22:18.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% a kind of gated community. 22:18.200 --> 22:22.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Fanciful viaducts compliment the natural landscape. 22:22.200 --> 22:24.233 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% As a high-end housing development, 22:24.233 --> 22:25.966 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% the project flopped. 22:25.966 --> 22:30.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But a century later, as a park, it's a huge success. 22:30.233 --> 22:33.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% As you wander, imagine that the community succeeded 22:33.400 --> 22:36.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and you were one of its lucky residents. 22:36.800 --> 22:38.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Here at the hall of the a hundred columns, 22:38.700 --> 22:40.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% the intended produce market, 22:40.433 --> 22:43.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% you'd enjoy the fanciful columns in decor 22:43.000 --> 22:45.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% while you did a little shopping. 22:45.400 --> 22:47.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Heading home, you'd stroll through what feels 22:47.533 --> 22:49.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% like the barrel of a cresting wave, 22:49.866 --> 22:53.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% another nature-inspired Gaudi fantasy. 22:53.266 --> 22:55.166 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And on such a beautiful day, 22:55.166 --> 22:58.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% you'd sit a spell on Gaudi's organic benches 22:58.200 --> 23:01.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to enjoy a grand view of this grand city. 23:07.200 --> 23:11.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Gaudi's grandest work is his church of the Sagrada Familia, 23:11.633 --> 23:13.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% or holy family. (gentle music) 23:13.400 --> 23:16.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% He worked on this mega structure for over 40 years 23:16.933 --> 23:20.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and left it to later architects to finish. 23:20.100 --> 23:22.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% With its soaring honeycomb towers, 23:22.666 --> 23:25.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% it radiates like a spiritual lighthouse. 23:27.300 --> 23:30.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The stone ripples and the surface crawls with life, 23:30.566 --> 23:34.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% animals, birds, trees, and people. 23:34.200 --> 23:38.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Gaudi combined Christian symbolism, images from nature 23:38.233 --> 23:40.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and the playful flare of modernisma. 23:42.866 --> 23:45.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Like a concrete forest, the church seems 23:45.366 --> 23:48.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to grow organically reaching to heaven. 23:50.100 --> 23:53.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The soaring nave features columns that blossom with life. 23:53.633 --> 23:57.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Wandering here, you can almost feel the futuristic spirit 23:57.500 --> 24:00.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% of the entire late 19th century age, 24:00.700 --> 24:04.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the dappled light so beloved by the Impressionists, 24:04.433 --> 24:07.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the bold creativity of the Post-Impressionists, 24:07.866 --> 24:10.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the sinuous curves of Art Nouveau, 24:10.800 --> 24:13.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% all of which Gaudi captured and set in stone 24:13.733 --> 24:15.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% on an epic scale. 24:16.666 --> 24:19.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Europe offers a lifetime of artistic treasures, 24:19.466 --> 24:21.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and the more you understand its art, 24:21.100 --> 24:24.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% the more you'll appreciate the society that created it. 24:24.266 --> 24:26.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I hope you've enjoyed our look at the Impressionists 24:26.933 --> 24:29.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and Post-Impressionists who primed the world 24:29.600 --> 24:30.900 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% for what would follow, 24:30.900 --> 24:33.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the wild and crazy art of the 20th century. 24:33.933 --> 24:37.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% I'm Rick Steves. Until next time, keep on traveling. 24:40.600 --> 24:42.566 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% Hey, I'm Rick Steves. 24:42.566 --> 24:45.933 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% Remember, this station is unique on the dial. 24:45.933 --> 24:50.233 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% It's public and made possible with your support. 24:50.233 --> 24:53.100 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% Public television is quality media. 24:53.100 --> 24:56.033 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% It sees us not as shoppers or eyeballs 24:56.033 --> 25:00.466 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% on some ratings chart, but as neighbors and fellow citizens. 25:00.466 --> 25:02.333 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% Considering how influential media 25:02.333 --> 25:04.000 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% is in our community these days, 25:04.000 --> 25:07.700 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% the value of this channel has never been greater. 25:07.700 --> 25:11.300 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% I'm haunted by a belief that there are powerful forces 25:11.300 --> 25:13.866 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% in our society that would find it convenient, 25:13.866 --> 25:15.566 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% more profitable, frankly, 25:15.566 --> 25:19.700 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% if we were all just disengaged, dumbed down. 25:19.700 --> 25:22.633 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% Commercial stations seem to do just that. 25:22.633 --> 25:26.533 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% But here in public television, the programming is positive, 25:26.533 --> 25:30.133 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% it's uplifting, and it expands our horizons. 25:30.133 --> 25:34.200 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% Public media inspires us to be not afraid, 25:34.200 --> 25:38.633 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% but to be confident, not disillusioned but engaged, 25:38.633 --> 25:41.266 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% not discouraged but encouraged. 25:41.266 --> 25:45.433 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% And it only happens with support from viewers like you. 25:45.433 --> 25:47.333 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% Pledge your support to this station 25:47.333 --> 25:51.166 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% and you also get great benefits, including Passport, 25:51.166 --> 25:53.733 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% which gives you even more access to stream 25:53.733 --> 25:55.966 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% even more shows right here. 25:55.966 --> 25:58.533 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Consider the value that the programming you enjoy 25:58.533 --> 26:02.333 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% adds to your life, and then scan or go online 26:02.333 --> 26:04.400 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% and make your donation now. 26:04.400 --> 26:05.700 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5% (bright music) 26:05.700 --> 26:07.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - 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Go to pbs.org/rick to give now. 27:19.300 --> 27:20.033 align:left position:37.5% line:5% size:52.5% Thank you. 27:23.966 --> 27:26.433 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% - As you can see, it's easy to donate 27:26.433 --> 27:28.133 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% to support public television, 27:28.133 --> 27:30.100 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% whether you're watching the station on the air 27:30.100 --> 27:32.933 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% or streaming shows like this right here. 27:32.933 --> 27:35.900 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% Please take a moment to make your donation. 27:35.900 --> 27:38.500 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Doing so, you'll support your local station 27:38.500 --> 27:41.200 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% and the great programming it brings your way. 27:41.200 --> 27:43.000 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% And again, as a bonus, 27:43.000 --> 27:46.733 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% you'll enjoy great benefits including Passport. 27:46.733 --> 27:47.733 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5% Thanks a lot. 27:47.733 --> 27:50.400 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5% (bright music) 28:18.466 --> 28:23.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% (bricks pounding) (door slamming) 28:24.100 --> 28:26.400 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (bright music)