WEBVTT

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- Hi, I'm Rick Steves,

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back with more of
the best of Europe.

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This time we're enjoying

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some underappreciated corners
of Germany, both old and new.

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It's Hamburg and
a whole lot more.

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Thanks for joining us.

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(gentle thrilling music)

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(gentle thrilling music ending)

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Germany is Europe's leading
country in many ways.

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It dominates Europe's
economy today

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and has long had a
huge impact on events

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shaping the continent.

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We'll see that by exploring
Hamburg, its mighty port city,

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and then heading south

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to the stomping grounds
of a single monk

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who, 500 years ago,
changed the world.

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After enjoying Hamburg's
inviting parks and lakes,

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we'll see how its
architecture ranges

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from some of Hitler's leftover
giant concrete bunkers

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to cutting-edge
modern buildings.

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We'll explore a vibrant
counterculture neighborhood,

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and, after marveling
at Hamburg's vast
warehouse district,

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we'll take the best
harbor tour in Europe

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sailing under its
striking new skyline

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capped by a towering
new concert hall.

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Then we'll delve into the
places where Martin Luther

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kicked off the
Reformation 500 years ago,

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from the city where he
preached and taught,

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to the castle in
which he hid out

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from the Holy Roman Emperor.

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We'll learn about the
chaos he triggered,

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along with the progress.

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Finally, for a contrast to
all that stern Protestantism,

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we'll visit exuberantly
Catholic Wurzburg

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and admire the elegance
of its Residence,

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the palace of the prince
bishops of Franconia.

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In the heart of Northern
Europe lies Germany.

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After touring Hamburg, we head
south to the Luther cities

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of Wittenberg and Erfurt,

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and finish in Wurzburg.

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Hamburg is Germany's
second largest city.

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Like other second cities,

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Chicago, Glasgow,
St. Petersburg,

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it has a spirited pride.

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While yet to be discovered
by American travelers,

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it's a popular destination
with Germans for its music,

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theater, and riverside energy.

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A century ago, Hamburg's port

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was the third
largest in the world

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with strong connections
both east and west.

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Heavy damage in World War II

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devastated its
commercial center.

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During the Cold
War which followed,

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trade to the east was cut off,

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port traffic dwindled and
so did the city's influence.

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But Hamburg's been
enthusiastically rebuilt.

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And since the
reunification of Germany,

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just a generation ago,

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it's gaining back
its former status

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as a leading trade center,

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and it's become one of
Germany's most desirable

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places to live.

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The city's delightful lakes
were created in the Middle Ages

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when townsfolk built a mill
that dammed the local river.

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Back in the 1950s,

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a law guaranteed public access
to the lake for everyone.

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And today, peaceful
paths and bike lanes

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are a hit with locals.

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On a nice day, the lake
is dotted with sailboats.

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On the far side,

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lush inlets reach into fancy
residential neighborhoods.

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Along with plenty of
downtown parkland,

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the lakes provide Hamburg,

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one of Germany's
greenest cities,

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with an elegant promenade

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that comes complete with
top-of-the-line shops.

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Just a block away,
its massive city hall,

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built in the 19th century,
overlooks the lively scene.

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It's flanked by graceful arcades

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and surrounded by
plenty of commerce.

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It's bold architecture
and maritime atmosphere

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gives this northernmost
German city

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an almost Scandinavian feel.

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With its trading heritage
and a strong economy,

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Hamburg's downtown
showcases a wealthy city

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that rose like a phoenix
from a terrible recent past.

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(gentle music)

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You'd hardly know
that this was one

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of the most heavily
bombed cities

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in Germany in World War II.

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With its strategic port,
munitions factories,

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and transportation links,

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Hamburg was a prime
target for Allied bombers.

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American and British commanders
had an innovative plan

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with a horrific goal.

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Its name? Operation Gomorrah.

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On July 27th, 1943,

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they hit targets first with
explosive bombs to open roofs,

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break water mains,
and tear up streets.

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The purpose? To make it hard
for firefighters to respond.

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Then came a hellish onslaught
of incendiary bombs.

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700 bombers concentrated
their attack

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on a relatively small area.

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The result was a firestorm
never seen before.

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The intensity of the bombs

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actually created a
tornado of raging flames

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reaching horrific temperatures.

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(poignant music)

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Thousands suffocated inside
their air-raid shelters,

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and those outside were
sucked off their feet

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disappearing up into
the fiery vortex.

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In three hours, the inferno
killed over 35,000 people,

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left hundreds of
thousands homeless,

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and reduced eight
square miles of Hamburg

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to rubble and ashes.

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Somehow the towering spire
of St. Nicholas Church

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survived the bombing.

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It and the ruins of
the church itself

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are now a memorial left
to commemorate those lost

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and to remind future generations
of the horrors of war.

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Where the original
altar once stood

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is now a simply, yet
poignant, concrete altar

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by Oskar Kokoschka.

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The memorial's underground
museum quietly tells the story.

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You'll see scorched
and melted fragments

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demonstrating the
heat of the firestorm,

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and examples of the futility

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of trying to survive
such a bombing.

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The museum also shows foreign
cities that Germany destroyed.

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That's because
Germans make a point

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to acknowledge the suffering
they inflicted on others

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when remembering
their own suffering.

06:27.933 --> 06:30.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
(poignant music)

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Though Hamburg is
mostly rebuilt,

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many World War II-era bunkers

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were just too solid to destroy.

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So they survive,

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incorporated into today's
contemporary scene.

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This mammoth structure
has 10-foot thick

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reinforced concrete walls.

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With windows cut
through the concrete,

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it's surprisingly inviting.

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While once hosting gunners

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trying to shoot
down Allied planes,

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today, bomb-hardened staircases

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lead to music shops
and dance clubs.

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(drums beating)

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And drummers here will
never draw complaints

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from their neighbors.

07:12.666 --> 07:15.400 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
(drums beating)

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(gentle upbeat music)

07:19.066 --> 07:22.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Nearby, another bunker, this
one with colorful graffiti,

07:22.566 --> 07:26.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
is now a climbing wall in a
pleasant neighborhood park.

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While Germany is known for
its order and efficiency,

07:29.633 --> 07:32.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that social conformity
comes with a flip side,

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neighborhoods well known for
their energetic counterculture.

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Hamburg's trendy Schanze quarter

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offers a breath of
fresh cultural air.

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A popular neighborhood,
it has so many cafes,

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its main street is nicknamed
"Latte Macchiato Boulevard."

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This fun-loving edge is
nothing new to Hamburg.

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(gentle upbeat music)

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Nearby, Hamburg's
Reeperbahn neighborhood

07:58.433 --> 08:01.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
has long been Germany's most
famous entertainment zone.

08:01.433 --> 08:04.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It gained notoriety as a rough
and sleazy sailors' quarter

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filled with nightclubs
and brothels.

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But, as the city's changed,

08:09.333 --> 08:12.200 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
so has its
entertainment district.

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In one generation, the
Reeperbahn has earned a new,

08:15.400 --> 08:17.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
more respectable image,

08:17.033 --> 08:20.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
a destination for
theater and live music.

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Today this street,

08:22.000 --> 08:24.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
where the Beatles launched
their careers back in 1960,

08:24.566 --> 08:27.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
is a fun scene lined
with playhouses.

08:28.666 --> 08:30.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Considered the Broadway of
Germany for its many musicals,

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the boulevard
attracts theatergoers

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from all over the country.

08:39.400 --> 08:42.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Hamburg, 60 miles from the
North Sea, on the Elbe River,

08:42.900 --> 08:45.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
has long been a vital port.

08:45.333 --> 08:46.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Its waterfront is designed

08:46.666 --> 08:50.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
to accommodate the
Elbe's 13-foot tides.

08:50.266 --> 08:52.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And, in anticipation
of a rising sea level

08:52.800 --> 08:55.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and potentially
devastating storm surges,

08:55.600 --> 08:59.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
miles of embankments have
recently been fortified.

08:59.533 --> 09:01.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Along with making
the city safer,

09:01.566 --> 09:03.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
this stretch comes
with a design element

09:03.900 --> 09:07.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that gives Hamburg a delightful
new park-like stretch

09:07.400 --> 09:08.466 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
of harbor front.

09:08.466 --> 09:12.200 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
(gentle bright music)

09:12.200 --> 09:13.766 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Long a busy ferry terminal,

09:13.766 --> 09:16.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
this floating dock is now
a thriving tourist zone.

09:18.700 --> 09:20.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
From here, with the
aroma of pickled herring

09:20.733 --> 09:22.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and French fries,

09:22.300 --> 09:24.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
you can enjoy the harbor and
the energy of the city's port.

09:27.433 --> 09:29.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
For German Americans, Hamburg
has a special meaning,

09:29.833 --> 09:33.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
because their ancestors likely
sailed from this harbor.

09:33.000 --> 09:35.466 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Between 1850 and 1930,

09:35.466 --> 09:38.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
millions of Germans emigrated
to the United States

09:38.000 --> 09:39.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
from right here.

09:40.366 --> 09:43.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The port has always been a
central feature of Hamburg.

09:43.266 --> 09:45.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It evolves and grows
with the city's needs,

09:45.766 --> 09:48.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and with changes in
shipping technology.

09:49.166 --> 09:51.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The vast Speicherstadt,
or "Warehouse City,"

09:51.866 --> 09:54.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
was originally a
seemingly endless grid

09:54.433 --> 09:56.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
of riverside warehouses.

09:58.166 --> 10:01.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Today, these buildings,
once filled with cotton,

10:01.033 --> 10:04.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
rubber, and tobacco,
house engaging museums,

10:04.533 --> 10:06.766 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
offices, and hip restaurants.

10:08.666 --> 10:11.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
While those venerable
warehouses survived,

10:11.000 --> 10:13.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
much of Hamburg's old
port was abandoned

10:13.166 --> 10:15.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
when the shipping
industry moved to a larger

10:15.333 --> 10:17.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and more modern port nearby.

10:17.333 --> 10:19.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Then, a generation
ago, the city realized

10:19.800 --> 10:23.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that what had become a
derelict industrial wasteland

10:23.000 --> 10:25.100 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
was potentially
prime real estate.

10:26.500 --> 10:30.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The result, HafenCity, a huge
urban development project.

10:31.633 --> 10:34.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
With this new green and
integrated urban center,

10:34.600 --> 10:37.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
downtown Hamburg became
about 40 percent bigger,

10:39.066 --> 10:41.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and, once again, the
city faces its river.

10:42.500 --> 10:46.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The re-energized district
seems a city in itself,

10:46.166 --> 10:47.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
mixing its maritime heritage

10:47.933 --> 10:49.833 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
with striking
modern architecture.

10:51.066 --> 10:53.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Worked into the plan
are both high-end condos

10:53.800 --> 10:55.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and affordable
subsidized housing.

10:58.100 --> 10:59.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Hamburg has created
a healthy mix

10:59.933 --> 11:02.033 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
of business,
culture, and leisure,

11:02.033 --> 11:04.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
convenient for the modern
citizen without a car.

11:06.300 --> 11:08.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Today, city planners
from around Europe

11:08.600 --> 11:10.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
look to Hamburg for inspiration

11:10.433 --> 11:13.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in designing integrated
urban centers.

11:13.866 --> 11:15.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
The centerpiece of HafenCity

11:15.666 --> 11:18.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
is the striking Elbphilharmonie,

11:18.266 --> 11:20.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
a combination concert
hall, public plaza,

11:20.633 --> 11:22.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
hotel, and apartment complex.

11:24.033 --> 11:26.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Its daring design and
huge size fit in well

11:26.833 --> 11:29.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
with the massive scale
of the surrounding port.

11:29.433 --> 11:31.166 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
And, when approached by water,

11:31.166 --> 11:33.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
it resembles the looming
prow of the steamer ships

11:33.933 --> 11:36.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that first put Hamburg
on the world map.

11:36.900 --> 11:38.666 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
(gentle bright music)

11:38.666 --> 11:41.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
An unforgettable capper
to a Hamburg visit

11:41.200 --> 11:42.333 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
is its harbor tour,

11:42.333 --> 11:43.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
the best of its kind in Europe.

11:45.400 --> 11:47.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
You'll see plenty of Hamburg's
bold new architecture,

11:47.533 --> 11:50.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
as well as its more
established beach communities,

11:50.000 --> 11:52.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
lined with mansions.

11:52.200 --> 11:54.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
But mostly, the hour-long cruise

11:54.066 --> 11:56.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
gets you up close to
Hamburg's shipping industry,

11:56.900 --> 11:59.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
all those enormous
container ships,

11:59.433 --> 12:03.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
towering cranes, and dry docks.

12:03.133 --> 12:05.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Accommodating 12,000
vessels a year,

12:05.633 --> 12:07.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
it's Europe's
second-busiest harbor

12:07.500 --> 12:10.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and earns the tag-line
"Europe's gateway to the world,

12:10.666 --> 12:13.100 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and the world's
gateway to Europe."

12:15.433 --> 12:18.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Germany is compact, with an
impressive infrastructure.

12:18.966 --> 12:21.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Within a few hours,
we're in Eastern Germany,

12:21.533 --> 12:23.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and Martin Luther Country.

12:23.600 --> 12:26.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
In 1517, the German
monk Martin Luther

12:26.500 --> 12:30.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
was a professor here in the
university town of Wittenberg.

12:30.200 --> 12:32.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
As professors routinely
did back then,

12:32.533 --> 12:34.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
he tacked some
points for discussion

12:34.433 --> 12:35.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
on the door of the church,

12:35.833 --> 12:37.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
which served as a
kind of bulletin board

12:37.533 --> 12:39.400 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
for the university community.

12:39.400 --> 12:40.766 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
These 95 points,

12:40.766 --> 12:43.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
questioning practices of
the Roman Catholic Church,

12:43.400 --> 12:45.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
kicked off more
than a discussion.

12:45.300 --> 12:48.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They kicked off the
Protestant Reformation.

12:48.700 --> 12:51.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Martin Luther unleashed
a world of change.

12:51.600 --> 12:54.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The Reformation was a
political and theological storm

12:54.633 --> 12:56.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that divided Christendom
in Western Europe

12:56.800 --> 12:59.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
into Roman Catholics
and Protestants.

12:59.833 --> 13:02.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It ignited a century
of religious wars

13:02.100 --> 13:04.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and, along with the
humanism of the Renaissance,

13:04.733 --> 13:08.000 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
it helped bring
western civilization
out of the Middle Ages

13:08.000 --> 13:09.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and into the modern world.

13:12.400 --> 13:14.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
2017 marked the
500th anniversary

13:14.966 --> 13:16.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
of the Protestant Reformation,

13:16.933 --> 13:20.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and Eastern Germany is
famous for its Lutherstadts,

13:20.066 --> 13:21.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
or "Luther cities,"

13:21.466 --> 13:24.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and sights associated
with that tumultuous time.

13:24.300 --> 13:27.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The three most interesting
Reformation stops are Erfurt,

13:27.700 --> 13:30.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
where Luther studied
and first became a monk;

13:30.000 --> 13:32.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Wartburg, the castle
where he famously hid out

13:32.466 --> 13:34.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and translated the
"Bible" into German;

13:34.433 --> 13:36.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and Wittenberg, where he taught,

13:36.266 --> 13:38.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
preached, and led
the Reformation.

13:39.433 --> 13:41.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Luther went to law
school here in Erfurt,

13:41.933 --> 13:44.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and today, this
half-timbered medieval town,

13:44.433 --> 13:47.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
with a shallow river
gurgling through its center,

13:47.033 --> 13:49.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
remains an charming destination

13:49.133 --> 13:51.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that Luther himself
would recognize.

13:52.666 --> 13:55.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Erfurt's atmospheric
Merchants' Bridge

13:55.066 --> 13:57.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
is lined with shops and homes.

13:57.266 --> 14:02.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Then, as now, merchants live
upstairs above their shops.

14:02.133 --> 14:05.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
This is the land of fairy
tales and the Brothers Grimm,

14:05.366 --> 14:08.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
fine woodcarvers,
and fanciful puppets.

14:08.633 --> 14:11.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
You can peek into the
workshop of Martin Gobsch.

14:11.866 --> 14:13.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Observe him at work.

14:14.700 --> 14:16.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And don't leave
without popping a coin

14:16.433 --> 14:17.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
into his tiny theater.

14:17.933 --> 14:19.733 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
(gentle whimsical music)

14:19.733 --> 14:22.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The evil queen welcomes
you into the dreamy world

14:22.233 --> 14:23.133 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
of Snow White.

14:25.166 --> 14:27.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Separate vignettes
tell the story.

14:27.100 --> 14:30.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
(gentle whimsical music)

14:32.866 --> 14:34.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
It all leads to
the happy ending,

14:34.700 --> 14:38.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
when the charming prince
whisks Snow White away.

14:40.000 --> 14:42.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Back in 1505, as
a young student,

14:42.533 --> 14:44.066 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Martin Luther became a monk

14:44.066 --> 14:46.533 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
in Erfurt's
Augustinian monastery.

14:47.633 --> 14:50.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
In this church he
gave his first Mass.

14:51.533 --> 14:54.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Its little museum
includes Luther artifacts

14:54.233 --> 14:57.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and the simple cell where
the novice monk lived.

14:58.133 --> 15:00.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Little did they know
that this humble novice

15:00.666 --> 15:03.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
would change the course
of European history.

15:06.633 --> 15:08.633 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Nearby is Wittenberg.

15:09.900 --> 15:12.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Around 1500, the local
ruler, Frederick the Wise,

15:12.466 --> 15:15.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
was establishing the
town as his capital.

15:15.200 --> 15:16.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
He invited young Martin Luther

15:16.633 --> 15:19.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
to join the faculty
of his university.

15:19.500 --> 15:22.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The main square is
dominated by its town hall

15:22.366 --> 15:25.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and a statue remembering
the "Great Reformer."

15:26.333 --> 15:28.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Wittenberg's top sight
is the Lutherhaus,

15:28.900 --> 15:30.633 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
where Luther lived.

15:30.633 --> 15:32.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Today, it's an excellent museum

15:32.766 --> 15:35.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
displaying original artifacts,

15:35.100 --> 15:37.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the pulpit from which
Luther preached,

15:37.400 --> 15:40.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
portraits of Luther and
the other reformers,

15:40.700 --> 15:43.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and the "Bible" Luther
boldly translated from Latin

15:43.800 --> 15:45.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
into the people's language.

15:46.666 --> 15:49.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
500 years ago, the
selling of forgiveness

15:49.133 --> 15:51.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and church corruption
stoked public discontent

15:51.833 --> 15:52.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
with the Roman Church,

15:52.933 --> 15:55.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
which led to the Reformation.

15:55.066 --> 15:57.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
This is a letter of indulgence,

15:57.066 --> 16:00.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
one of countless fundraising
coupons the Church issued.

16:00.800 --> 16:03.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
These were sold to the
faithful for religious favors

16:03.700 --> 16:07.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
such as reducing time for
dead loved ones in purgatory.

16:07.600 --> 16:09.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Their money would
fill boxes like this,

16:09.466 --> 16:11.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and eventually ended up in Rome

16:11.033 --> 16:13.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
to fund the pope's lavish world.

16:13.566 --> 16:18.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Corruption like this inspired
Luther to confront the Church.

16:18.200 --> 16:20.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And it was the invention
of the printing press

16:20.666 --> 16:23.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
with movable type by Gutenberg
in the same generation

16:23.766 --> 16:27.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that enabled reformers like
Luther to spread their ideas.

16:28.266 --> 16:30.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Luther wrote in the
peoples' language,

16:30.466 --> 16:33.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and sold more than a quarter
million booklets like these.

16:33.900 --> 16:36.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Like social media empowers
popular movements today,

16:36.933 --> 16:38.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Luther's pamphlets went viral.

16:38.933 --> 16:41.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He was the bestselling German
writer of the 16th century.

16:43.366 --> 16:46.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The Wartburg Castle is a popular
stop on the Luther trail.

16:47.866 --> 16:49.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
When Luther spoke out
against Church corruption,

16:49.733 --> 16:53.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
he was declared an outlaw and
needed to run for his life.

16:53.333 --> 16:56.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
A sympathetic German
prince gave him refuge.

16:56.166 --> 16:58.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Disguised and under a fake name,

16:58.133 --> 17:01.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Luther hid out here
in this castle.

17:01.133 --> 17:02.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
The actions of
this solitary monk

17:02.966 --> 17:04.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
brought far-reaching changes.

17:05.933 --> 17:07.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Believing that
everyone should be able

17:07.433 --> 17:09.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
to read the word of God,

17:09.066 --> 17:11.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Luther began the daunting
and dangerous task

17:11.766 --> 17:13.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
of translating the New Testament

17:13.466 --> 17:16.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
from the original Ancient
Greek into German.

17:16.433 --> 17:19.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
He used simplified
language, as he said,

17:19.233 --> 17:21.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
"Like a mother talking
to her children."

17:21.833 --> 17:23.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Just as the King James
version of the "Bible"

17:23.800 --> 17:25.133 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
did for English,

17:25.133 --> 17:27.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Luther's translation
helped to establish

17:27.166 --> 17:30.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
a standard German language
that's used to this day.

17:30.533 --> 17:33.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Luther's translation brought
the "Bible" to the masses.

17:33.866 --> 17:35.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
As Germans actually
read the "Bible,"

17:35.933 --> 17:37.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
they saw, as Luther had,

17:37.766 --> 17:40.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that there was no
mention of indulgences,

17:40.266 --> 17:42.966 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
purgatory, or even a pope.

17:42.966 --> 17:44.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Just as the Church had feared,

17:44.600 --> 17:47.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
this further fanned
the fires of reform.

17:47.866 --> 17:49.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This part of Germany
was ground zero

17:49.833 --> 17:51.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
for the century
of religious wars

17:51.666 --> 17:54.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Luther's reforms
unwittingly unleashed.

17:58.100 --> 18:00.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
A vivid portrayal of
that tumultuous time

18:00.266 --> 18:02.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
with an intriguing
communist twist

18:02.033 --> 18:04.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
can be seen above the
town of Bad Frankenhausen.

18:07.033 --> 18:10.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It's a huge 360-degree
panoramic painting

18:10.300 --> 18:11.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
commissioned in the 1980s

18:11.766 --> 18:14.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
by the communist East
German government.

18:14.000 --> 18:16.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
(gentle dramatic music)

18:16.900 --> 18:20.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"The Peasants' War
Panorama," 400 feet around,

18:20.233 --> 18:23.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
was painted as
communist propaganda.

18:23.200 --> 18:25.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
It remembers the 6,000 peasants

18:25.333 --> 18:28.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
who were slaughtered
in a single battle.

18:28.033 --> 18:29.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Armed with little
more than shovels,

18:29.766 --> 18:31.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
they rose up against the Church

18:31.333 --> 18:33.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and the ruling class
during the Reformation.

18:35.300 --> 18:36.900 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
The detail is vivid.

18:36.900 --> 18:39.233 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
(gentle dramatic music)

18:39.233 --> 18:41.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Using this popular
revolt 500 years ago,

18:41.966 --> 18:45.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
it hammers home a familiar
theme during the Cold War.

18:45.800 --> 18:50.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Whether 16th-century peasants
or 20th-century workers,

18:50.000 --> 18:53.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the people's struggle
is long and ongoing.

18:53.433 --> 18:55.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
(gentle dramatic music)

18:55.600 --> 18:59.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The panorama portrays more
than just a horrible battle.

18:59.066 --> 19:01.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It represents the
bloody transition

19:01.133 --> 19:04.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
between the medieval
and the modern worlds.

19:04.500 --> 19:07.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
At the base gather
20 great humanists,

19:07.666 --> 19:10.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
change agents at the
end of the Middle Ages,

19:10.733 --> 19:15.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Luther, Erasmus, Copernicus,
Columbus, and more.

19:15.033 --> 19:18.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Above them rages the colossal
battle under a rainbow,

19:18.466 --> 19:20.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
imperial troops on the left,

19:20.266 --> 19:22.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
doomed rabble on the right.

19:22.500 --> 19:26.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Nearby, an aristocratic couple
dances before a gallows.

19:26.533 --> 19:29.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The message? The
elites continue to win.

19:29.566 --> 19:32.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
(gentle dramatic music)

19:37.166 --> 19:40.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Until German unification
in the late 1800s,

19:40.100 --> 19:41.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Germany was fragmented,

19:41.833 --> 19:44.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
a collection of small
independent states.

19:44.900 --> 19:46.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
After the Reformation,

19:46.300 --> 19:49.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
those in the north ended
up Lutheran, or Protestant,

19:49.433 --> 19:52.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and those in the south
remained Roman Catholic.

19:53.366 --> 19:55.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
A few hours south
of Luther Country

19:55.133 --> 19:57.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
takes us across that
religious divide

19:57.233 --> 20:00.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and into the enthusiastically
Catholic region of Franconia

20:00.866 --> 20:03.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and its capital city, Wurzburg.

20:03.933 --> 20:05.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Wurzburg is surrounded
by vineyards

20:05.933 --> 20:08.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
and straddles the Main River.

20:08.100 --> 20:09.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Like so many German cities,

20:09.900 --> 20:13.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
it was devastated by
World War II bombs.

20:13.166 --> 20:15.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But, while cities like
Hamburg and Frankfurt

20:15.333 --> 20:17.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
rebuilt on a modern grid plan,

20:17.466 --> 20:19.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Wurzburg recreated its charm

20:19.233 --> 20:22.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
by rebuilding according
to its original layout.

20:22.600 --> 20:24.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The marketplace is
an inviting scene.

20:24.466 --> 20:26.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Its 200-year-old obelisk

20:26.700 --> 20:30.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
features Romantic maidens
selling their produce.

20:31.466 --> 20:35.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And to this day, the square
still hosts a charming market.

20:35.600 --> 20:38.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
(gentle bright music)

20:40.266 --> 20:43.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This tourist-friendly
town is easy to navigate

20:43.100 --> 20:45.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
by foot or by streetcar.

20:46.933 --> 20:48.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Today, nearly a quarter

20:48.200 --> 20:50.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
of its 130,000
residents are students,

20:50.766 --> 20:53.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
making the town feel
young and vibrant.

20:53.966 --> 20:56.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The town bridge, from
the 12th century,

20:56.000 --> 20:58.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
is one of Germany's oldest.

20:58.266 --> 20:59.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
It's decorated with statues

20:59.800 --> 21:02.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
of Wurzburg's favorite
saints and princes.

21:02.800 --> 21:06.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And it's busy with people
out and enjoying the moment.

21:06.200 --> 21:09.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Scenes like this are ideal
for connecting with locals.

21:09.800 --> 21:13.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
(gentle bright music)

21:14.700 --> 21:18.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Wurzburg was the capital of
the German state of Franconia.

21:18.233 --> 21:21.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
In the 1700s, it was
ruled by a prince-bishop.

21:21.033 --> 21:24.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
He exercised both secular
and religious authority,

21:24.033 --> 21:26.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and this grand
palace was his home.

21:26.766 --> 21:29.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Opulent as a German Versailles,

21:29.033 --> 21:30.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
the prince-bishop's Residence

21:30.466 --> 21:32.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
is the main attraction
of Wurzburg.

21:33.566 --> 21:36.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Imagine VIP guests arriving
for lavish parties.

21:36.900 --> 21:38.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Met here by the prince-bishop,

21:38.633 --> 21:41.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
they'd glide gracefully
up this elegant stairway,

21:41.666 --> 21:46.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
enjoying a grand fresco
as it opens up overhead.

21:46.066 --> 21:50.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Dating from about 1750 and by
the Venetian master Tiepolo,

21:50.233 --> 21:52.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
it illustrates the
greatness of Europe

21:52.633 --> 21:54.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
with Wurzburg at its center.

21:55.933 --> 21:58.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The hero is the
esteemed prince-bishop,

21:58.566 --> 22:01.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
honored by a host of Greek
gods affirming his rule.

22:02.733 --> 22:05.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Ringing the room are allegories
of the four continents,

22:05.700 --> 22:07.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
each with a woman on an animal

22:07.633 --> 22:09.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
and celebrating Wurzburg

22:09.400 --> 22:12.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
as the center of
the civilized world.

22:12.666 --> 22:15.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
America, desperately
uncivilized,

22:15.133 --> 22:18.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
sits naked with feathers
in her hair on an alligator

22:18.166 --> 22:20.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
among severed heads and
a cannibal barbecue.

22:20.933 --> 22:24.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
(sophisticated classical music)

22:24.000 --> 22:25.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Africa lounges on a camel

22:25.733 --> 22:28.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in a land of trade
and fantasy animals.

22:29.866 --> 22:32.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Asia rides her elephant in the
birthplace of Christianity,

22:32.566 --> 22:33.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
marked by crosses.

22:34.966 --> 22:37.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Europe is the center
of high culture,

22:37.366 --> 22:40.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and Lady Culture herself
points her brush not at Rome,

22:40.900 --> 22:42.300 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
but at Wurzburg.

22:43.966 --> 22:47.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The adjacent Imperial Hall
is a fine example of Baroque,

22:47.966 --> 22:51.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
harmony, symmetry,
light, and mirrors.

22:51.300 --> 22:53.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Its ceiling is also by Tiepolo.

22:53.766 --> 22:55.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Typical of the Baroque movement,

22:55.433 --> 22:58.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
he was a master of
three-dimensional illusion,

22:58.533 --> 23:01.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and he'd heighten the
illusion with some fun tricks.

23:01.400 --> 23:03.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Notice how 3D legs
and other objects

23:03.866 --> 23:05.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
dangle out of the 2D frame.

23:07.066 --> 23:10.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The art, like nearly all art
of that day, was propaganda,

23:10.033 --> 23:13.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
paid for and serving either
the State or the Church.

23:13.733 --> 23:15.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
In this case, it's both.

23:15.866 --> 23:17.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Here, the Holy Roman Emperor

23:17.266 --> 23:19.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
bestows upon the
bishop of Franconia

23:19.600 --> 23:21.966 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
the secular title of prince.

23:21.966 --> 23:24.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
The bishop, now
the prince-bishop,

23:24.233 --> 23:25.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
touches the emperor's scepter,

23:25.800 --> 23:27.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
performing an oath of loyalty.

23:27.833 --> 23:29.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
From this point onward,

23:29.600 --> 23:33.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
the prince-bishop wears
two very powerful hats

23:33.233 --> 23:34.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
at the same time.

23:35.800 --> 23:38.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
A string of splendid rooms
evolve from fancy Baroque

23:38.833 --> 23:40.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
to fancier Rococo.

23:40.966 --> 23:44.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It all leads to the
18th-century Mirror Cabinet.

23:44.633 --> 23:46.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
This was where the prince-bishop

23:46.233 --> 23:48.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
showed off his amazing wealth.

23:48.833 --> 23:51.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
It features kilos of gold leaf,

23:51.633 --> 23:54.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
lots of exotic Asian influence,

23:54.400 --> 23:57.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
and eye-popping extravagance.

23:57.333 --> 23:58.900 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
As for the commoners,

23:58.900 --> 24:02.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
we were finally allowed
inside this glorious palace

24:02.000 --> 24:04.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
about two centuries later.

24:04.200 --> 24:08.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
(sophisticated classical music)

24:09.833 --> 24:12.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I hope you've enjoyed our
visit to dynamic Hamburg,

24:12.366 --> 24:14.166 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
the fascinating Luther cities,

24:14.166 --> 24:16.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and Wurzburg, with
its Baroque charm.

24:16.800 --> 24:17.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
I'm Rick Steves.

24:17.900 --> 24:20.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Until next time,
keep on travelin'.

24:20.400 --> 24:21.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Auf Wiedersehen.

24:24.233 --> 24:27.433 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
As public media embraces the
convenience of streaming,

24:27.433 --> 24:29.533 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
we're still public media,

24:29.533 --> 24:33.200 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
and that means your support
is as critical as ever.

24:33.200 --> 24:35.833 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
Please, take a moment
to support this station.

24:35.833 --> 24:38.566 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
It's quick, it's easy,
and when you get on board,

24:38.566 --> 24:40.900 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
you'll help make quality
programming strong

24:40.900 --> 24:42.466 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
for your entire family.

24:42.466 --> 24:44.166 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
And along with these gifts,

24:44.166 --> 24:47.733 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
you'll enjoy a world of
great programs with Passport.

24:47.733 --> 24:49.133 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
Thanks a lot.

24:49.133 --> 24:50.433 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
(gentle bright music)

24:50.433 --> 24:52.400 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
- [Announcer] Invest in
your local PBS station

24:52.400 --> 24:54.866 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
by becoming an $8
monthly sustainer,

24:54.866 --> 24:58.133 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
or make a $96 annual
contribution right now

24:58.133 --> 25:01.366 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
and we'll say thanks with a
wonderful collection of gifts.

25:01.366 --> 25:04.300 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
You'll receive Rick Steves'
book "For the Love of Europe,"

25:04.300 --> 25:06.066 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
which shares his
favorite memories

25:06.066 --> 25:09.066 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
from decades of
travel in 100 essays.

25:09.066 --> 25:13.000 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
It's 400 pages of fun and
inspirational travel stories.

25:13.000 --> 25:14.400 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
On top of that,

25:14.400 --> 25:16.733 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
you'll receive a copy of
"Europe Through the Back Door."

25:16.733 --> 25:19.300 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
This book is packed
with practical tips,

25:19.300 --> 25:20.933 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
from chapters on packing light

25:20.933 --> 25:22.900 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
and planning a smart itinerary,

25:22.900 --> 25:26.266 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
to eating your way through
Europe and finding great hotels.

25:26.266 --> 25:28.366 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
We'll also send you
this map of Europe,

25:28.366 --> 25:30.233 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
which is perfect for
pre-trip planning

25:30.233 --> 25:33.166 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
and using while you're on
the vacation of your dreams.

25:33.166 --> 25:35.533 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
Plus, you'll receive
Rick Steves' newsletter,

25:35.533 --> 25:37.233 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
which is packed
full of travel tips

25:37.233 --> 25:39.300 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
about European destinations.

25:39.300 --> 25:42.133 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
And don't forget, with your
qualifying contribution,

25:42.133 --> 25:45.133 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
you'll be able to enjoy a
terrific member benefit,

25:45.133 --> 25:48.600 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
PBS Passport, which lets you
watch every one of Rick's shows

25:48.600 --> 25:50.733 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
that's available on the PBS app.

25:50.733 --> 25:53.633 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
With PBS Passport, you'll
also be able to stream

25:53.633 --> 25:55.900 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
a treasure trove of
your favorite dramas,

25:55.900 --> 25:58.433 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
history, arts, music, and more.

25:58.433 --> 25:59.633 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
So don't wait.

25:59.633 --> 26:03.800 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
Go to pbs.org/rick to give now.

26:03.800 --> 26:04.966 align:left position:37.5% line:5% size:52.5%
Thank you.

26:04.966 --> 26:08.933 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
(gentle bright music)

26:08.933 --> 26:11.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
- That what had become a
derelict industrial wasteland

26:11.933 --> 26:13.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
was actually prime real estate.

26:15.000 --> 26:16.933 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
(Rick laughing)

26:16.933 --> 26:18.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
The prince-bishop's Residence

26:18.266 --> 26:21.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
is the main attraction
in Hamburg. (laughs)

26:21.666 --> 26:23.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Ahman's a Debbie Downer

26:23.400 --> 26:26.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
when it comes to
16th century history.

26:26.100 --> 26:28.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
If there's anybody that can
cheer for the Reformation.

26:30.200 --> 26:33.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Kicked off more than a
conversation. (clicks tongue)

26:33.033 --> 26:35.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They kicked off the
Protestant Reformation.

26:35.233 --> 26:38.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
(gentle thrilling music)

26:38.400 --> 26:40.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
(gentle thrilling music ends)

26:40.500 --> 26:43.166 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
(gentle music)

26:44.666 --> 26:47.300 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
(gentle music)