WEBVTT 00:00.700 --> 00:04.566 position:40% line:84.67% size:50% (MUSIC) 00:04.566 --> 00:06.133 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% Joan Cartan-Hansen, Host: In 500 00:06.133 --> 00:07.966 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% bce, the city of Athens started 00:07.966 --> 00:09.333 position:20% line:84.67% size:70% the first garbage dump. 00:09.333 --> 00:10.466 position:25% line:84.67% size:65% It didn't last long. 00:10.466 --> 00:11.833 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% People preferred to just dump 00:11.833 --> 00:13.466 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% their trash outside their homes. 00:13.466 --> 00:14.766 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% And that's how we handled trash 00:14.766 --> 00:16.233 position:20% line:84.67% size:70% for thousands of years. 00:16.233 --> 00:17.600 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% In the mid-18 hundreds, some 00:17.600 --> 00:19.200 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% trash was hauled to pig farms. 00:19.200 --> 00:20.400 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% Pigs would eat the trash and 00:20.400 --> 00:21.633 position:17.5% line:84.67% size:72.5% then people would eat the 00:21.633 --> 00:22.633 position:32.5% line:84.67% size:57.5% fattened pigs. 00:22.633 --> 00:23.833 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% Until pigs started dying from 00:23.833 --> 00:25.233 position:22.5% line:84.67% size:67.5% food-borne illnesses. 00:25.233 --> 00:26.633 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% The first modern landfill opened 00:26.633 --> 00:28.900 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% in Fresno, California in 1937. 00:28.900 --> 00:30.466 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% A modern sanitary landfill is 00:30.466 --> 00:31.833 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% regulated by the government. 00:31.833 --> 00:33.466 position:17.5% line:84.67% size:72.5% It must be built away from 00:33.466 --> 00:34.766 position:17.5% line:84.67% size:72.5% wetlands, flood plans, and 00:34.766 --> 00:36.100 position:27.5% line:84.67% size:62.5% earthquake faults. 00:36.100 --> 00:37.500 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% The landfill must of a liner 00:37.500 --> 00:38.900 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% overlaying at least two feet of 00:38.900 --> 00:40.366 position:25% line:84.67% size:65% compacted clay soil. 00:40.366 --> 00:41.866 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% Landfill operators have to make 00:41.866 --> 00:43.200 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% sure harmful waste products 00:43.200 --> 00:44.566 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% aren't leaking into underground 00:44.566 --> 00:45.566 position:30% line:84.67% size:60% water supplies. 00:45.566 --> 00:47.200 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% The trash at the landfill has to 00:47.200 --> 00:48.300 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% be compacted frequently and 00:48.300 --> 00:49.433 position:27.5% line:84.67% size:62.5% covered with soil. 00:49.433 --> 00:50.766 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% That helps cut down on odor, 00:50.766 --> 00:52.066 position:22.5% line:84.67% size:67.5% insects, and rodents. 00:52.066 --> 00:53.400 position:10% line:84.67% size:80% And each landfill can only hold 00:53.400 --> 00:54.366 position:37.5% line:84.67% size:52.5% so much. 00:54.366 --> 00:55.600 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% Operators have to prepare to 00:55.600 --> 00:57.033 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% shut down and care for closed 00:57.033 --> 00:58.033 position:37.5% line:84.67% size:52.5% landfills. 00:58.033 --> 00:59.233 position:15% line:84.67% size:75% And they have to find a new 00:59.233 --> 01:00.400 position:20% line:84.67% size:70% place to put your trash. 01:00.400 --> 01:01.433 position:17.5% line:84.67% size:72.5% For more information about 01:01.433 --> 01:02.466 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% garbage, check out the Science 01:02.466 --> 01:03.300 position:32.5% line:84.67% size:57.5% Trek website. 01:03.300 --> 01:04.333 position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% You'll find it at science trek 01:04.333 --> 01:04.933 position:42.5% line:84.67% size:47.5% dot org