WEBVTT

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Truck Town: A History
of International Harvester

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in Fort
Wayne was brought to you by

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Hanning and Bean -
a commercial real estate

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and property management

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firm invested in the development
of Northeast Indiana.

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Proud to support PBS Fort Wayne
in preserving

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the legacy
of International Harvester.

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In 1935, Three Rivers
Federal Credit Union began

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as a financial cooperative
for the hardworking

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employees
of International Harvester.

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Committed
to supporting the people, places

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and ideas
that make our region home.

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3Riversfcu.org.

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O'Rourke-Schof
Family Foundation.

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Proud to bring the International
Harvester story

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to the community.

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Additional funding provided by

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Koesters Body and Frame Shop,

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Selking International Trucks,

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and the City of New Haven.

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[upbeat music]

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Fort Wayne is a truck town,

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[upbeat music]

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and it all started here

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at the International Harvester
truck factory.

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So somebody said, “Well, you 
oughta go into Harvester.

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They're trying to hire people.”

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Many people thought a job with
Harvester was a job for life.

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I was going to work
for the International Harvester.

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My employee number was 24936.

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Interviewed out of high school.

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This was my second job
out of high school.

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I started second shift.

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Of course,
you had to be on second shift

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for quite a few years
before you ever got on days.

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I started in machine shop.

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Hired in as just a detailer
to begin with.

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Handyman. Go get this.
Go get that.

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Hired in as a steno two.

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The forge shop on third trick.

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Learn real quick
why people wear hardhats.

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I work in the blueprint room
and the vault.

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I started out on the broom.

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I was a janitor on third shift.

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Mopped and washed every floor
in that building.

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Key punch operator.

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I started a key punch,
and that's all obsolete now.

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I started out

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setting engines in the Scout
on the Scout line.

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The line work was tough,
and it was hard.

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I built some muscles up
doing that job.

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Just gave me the job
that maybe has the most

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overtime
and your highest assembly rate.

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And I ended up down the basement
on axle assembly.

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You start in with low seniority.

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You worked the hard jobs

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Opportunity
to do a lot of different things.

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I worked in the hot room.

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You might be a brake

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engineer one day, but
you might be a chassis engineer

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the next day. In the cold room.

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I was a reliability engineer.

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Special equipment engineering.

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I worked in SE for a while.

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I worked in the chassis group
for a while.

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I was a clay modeler.

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You were able to move around
from one department to the next.

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I went to warehousing
for about five years.

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In the brake department.

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I transferred
over to the machine shop.

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Cab mount, parts chaser...

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Building housings. Rail
fields, and I worked inside.

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I worked outside.
The top mounts.

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Did brake work.

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I did steering.

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Machine shop where they used
to make the parts.

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Body mount, which you had.
watch your fingers.

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You had the timely, quick
and you had to keep up the line.

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I was an expediter, actually.

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I was a buyer's assistant
for a while.

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I was in expediting.
Planning department.

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Went to timekeeping,
which I loved.

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I did all the painting
for design group.

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Then I worked
engine mount

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and then I got in
on the finished body line.

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In my 40 years,
I had 16 different jobs.

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“Well, Grandpa,”

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he says, “you
never were on a job

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more than a couple of years
until the end.”

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He says, “Couldnt
you hold a job?”

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[country music]

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This is only a handful of people

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representing
the tens of thousands of people

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who worked
at International Harvester

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in Fort Wayne, Indiana,

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throughout its 92 year
stay in the city.

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It was a dependable place

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where a person could get
a good paying job and count

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on working there until the day
they were ready to retire.

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I started there in

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‘66 in road test
as an M140 mechanic.

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I hired in ‘65.

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1968.

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Late ‘59. Early 60.

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‘60-61.

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Something like that.

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January of 1963.

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Started in 1963.

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March of 1966.

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1966.

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1966.

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1970.

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I started in 1986.

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February of ‘98.

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1941.

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I worked here a little over
seven years.

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I was here 30 years.

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35.8 years.

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37 years.

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And I retired with 37 years.

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Ended up working 37 years.

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Put in 39 years.

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39.7 years.

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40 years and a couple weeks.

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I had 41 years service.

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41.9 years.

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So I just got my 50 years in.

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I never thought I would
last two or three years.

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I made a career out of it.

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Through a good many decades
of the 20th century.

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People like
these used their minds and hands

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to conceive and build vehicles
that help make America.

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They helped a nation 
fight her battles.

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They kept America moving.

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They gave hardworking Americans

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something to look forward to
on the weekends.

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And captured the hearts of many.

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<Engine sounds>

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[upbeat music]

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I love old trucks.

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Ive been around trucks
all my life.

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I'm an
IH man, I'll tell you that.

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Any old car, any old truck
is of interest to someone.

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Somewhere along the line,
a truck was involved

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in everything except the air
you breathe.

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[Music]

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If I can design vehicles
for the rest of my life,

06:45.333 --> 06:48.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I'll be the happiest camper
you ever saw.

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At times,
they had 10,000 people working.

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The best
hourly jobs in the county.

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That was good money.

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On the line, we made good pay.

06:57.633 --> 07:01.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
At the end of the week,
there were some good rewards.

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I liked the money.

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I enjoyed the pay
I think most of all.

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You know, really.

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When I come out of school
and I went to work as a trainee,

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I think I got $3.28
or $3.29 an hour.

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When I left there,
it was close to $7 an hour.

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Yeah, it was big money.

07:18.500 --> 07:24.233 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I made $15 a week.

07:24.233 --> 07:29.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
If you have a family member,
that was a natural pull.

07:29.000 --> 07:29.600 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
They liked to

07:29.600 --> 07:31.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
have families there

07:31.300 --> 07:32.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
because they would get

07:32.433 --> 07:35.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
on each other's backs
if they didn't do a good job.

07:35.333 --> 07:38.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But they weren't 100%
in their attendance.

07:38.066 --> 07:41.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
If that guy is a good worker,
maybe his son's a good worker.

07:41.666 --> 07:43.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
My grandfather worked here.

07:43.000 --> 07:44.466 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
My uncle worked here.

07:44.466 --> 07:47.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
My wife had several uncles
who worked here.

07:47.600 --> 07:49.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
I was the second generation.

07:49.233 --> 07:52.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
My daughter worked here,
was the third generation.

07:52.033 --> 07:55.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I worked from 11:00 at night
till 7:00

07:55.066 --> 07:58.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
in the morning,
and class started at 8:00.

07:58.266 --> 07:59.833 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
It was hard work.

07:59.833 --> 08:05.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
As you got older,
you didnt want to do it.

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International

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Harvester says its production
will increase by 50% next month

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when it begins work on 1800
new Paystar trucks for Iraq.

08:14.366 --> 08:16.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Production was at its peak.

08:16.400 --> 08:21.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
We were producing 205 heavy duty
trucks a day.

08:21.766 --> 08:26.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Most that any heavy duty truck
plant in the world ever did.

08:26.000 --> 08:29.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We were the king of cab over
engine trucks.

08:29.466 --> 08:31.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
A lot of manufacturers
just build the truck

08:31.500 --> 08:32.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and then we made it

08:32.566 --> 08:33.733 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
the way you wanted.

08:33.733 --> 08:35.833 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Harvester
built it the way you wanted

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right from the beginning.

08:37.133 --> 08:38.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I get around Fort
Wayne down there

08:38.866 --> 08:40.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
and I would just drool,

08:40.000 --> 08:42.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because that was the truck
capital of the world

08:42.466 --> 08:45.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and International in my opinion 
is the best truck ever built.

08:45.200 --> 08:47.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
When they built the Hoover
Dam, my gosh,

08:47.100 --> 08:48.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
they used all Harvester trucks.

08:50.800 --> 08:52.300 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
I started

08:52.300 --> 08:55.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
collecting Scouts
in the early seventies.

08:55.700 --> 08:59.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It was a strong vehicle
and it was stiff suspension,

08:59.266 --> 09:00.833 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
but was very strong.

09:00.833 --> 09:03.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Farmers absolutely loved it.

09:03.133 --> 09:04.800 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
They know two names.

09:04.800 --> 09:08.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They know Farmall tractors
and they know the Scout.

09:08.700 --> 09:12.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
It wasn't fast,
but it was a lot of fun.

09:12.600 --> 09:14.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Very simple vehicle to work on.

09:14.600 --> 09:17.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
After you work on it all winter

09:17.200 --> 09:19.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and you get it to where
you can take off and drive it, 

09:19.900 --> 09:23.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
turn the radio
on, go over to a friend's house.

09:23.833 --> 09:26.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
It's pretty cool.

09:26.133 --> 09:28.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
There was a lot of pride...built
the Scouts.

09:28.866 --> 09:33.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
A lot of people not only
built them, but they drove them.

09:33.500 --> 09:36.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
I'd say it was probably the best

09:36.633 --> 09:40.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
place to work and we were

09:40.833 --> 09:43.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
very proud of the product
that we produced.

09:44.033 --> 09:45.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
We were like one big family.

09:45.700 --> 09:48.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I loved International Harvester.
I breathed it.

09:48.066 --> 09:49.066 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
I ate it.

09:49.066 --> 09:50.333 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
They treated me super.

09:50.333 --> 09:53.133 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
They paid me
very, very well. I loved it.

09:53.133 --> 09:58.066 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[rock music]

09:58.066 --> 09:59.666 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

09:59.666 --> 10:01.200 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
In the 1831,

10:01.200 --> 10:04.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
22-year-old Cyrus McCormick
perfected a horse

10:04.966 --> 10:08.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
drawn mechanical reaper
for harvesting grain.

10:08.000 --> 10:10.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
This invention
would revolutionize agriculture

10:10.833 --> 10:12.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
around the world.

10:12.300 --> 10:15.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
McCormick used innovative sales
and marketing practices

10:15.433 --> 10:18.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to make his Harvesting
Machine Company

10:18.033 --> 10:21.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
one of the leading manufacturers
of farming equipment

10:21.233 --> 10:25.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
in the U.S., producing over
50,000 reapers a year.

10:25.666 --> 10:29.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
After his death in 1884,
Cyrus McCormick Jr.

10:29.866 --> 10:32.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
stepped in to take the reins
from his father.

10:32.333 --> 10:35.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
But there was a crowded
field of competition

10:35.133 --> 10:36.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
with one of the largest
competitors

10:36.966 --> 10:40.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
being the Deering
Harvester Company.

10:40.066 --> 10:42.300 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
Cyrus
Junior was tired of fighting

10:42.300 --> 10:43.533 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
with his arch rival,

10:43.533 --> 10:44.600 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
William Deering,

10:44.600 --> 10:46.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and there were 300
other reaper makers out there

10:46.966 --> 10:48.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and it was just difficult
to do business.

10:48.966 --> 10:50.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
So they merged to form

10:50.433 --> 10:53.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
with three other reaper makers.

10:53.900 --> 10:57.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The 1902 merger of the two
major manufacturers

10:57.700 --> 11:00.066 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
McCormick
Harvesting Machine Company

11:00.066 --> 11:03.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and Deering Harvester Company,
along with three smaller

11:03.833 --> 11:08.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
manufacturers, created
an industrial juggernaut:

11:08.033 --> 11:11.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The International
Harvester Company.

11:11.266 --> 11:12.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Immediately after the

11:12.266 --> 11:16.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
merger, Harvester
owned an 85% market share.

11:16.733 --> 11:17.600 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

11:17.800 --> 11:20.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Harvester got into
the truck manufacturing business

11:20.266 --> 11:22.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
by way of the automobile.

11:22.200 --> 11:24.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Even though the McCormicks
and the Deerings had built

11:24.700 --> 11:27.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
empires around horse-drawn
farming implements,

11:27.700 --> 11:29.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
both companies have been working

11:29.333 --> 11:32.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
on self-powered vehicles
during the 1890s.

11:32.733 --> 11:34.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
In the years
following the merger,

11:34.600 --> 11:37.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the first tractor appeared
in 1906, followed

11:37.766 --> 11:40.933 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
by the auto buggy in 1907.

11:40.933 --> 11:43.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
This “horseless carriage”
resembled

11:43.300 --> 11:47.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
many of the first automobiles
being developed at the time.

11:47.166 --> 11:49.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
This led to the development
of a more truck-like

11:49.633 --> 11:54.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
vehicle called the “Auto Wagon” 
which debuted in 1909.

11:54.400 --> 11:57.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
We say the auto wagon
was developed for farmers,

11:57.433 --> 12:00.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
but there are hundreds
of pictures of them

12:00.133 --> 12:02.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
already as delivery vehicles

12:02.000 --> 12:04.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
serving every industry
right from the start.

12:04.266 --> 12:07.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
So it wasn't strictly
a farm product at all.

12:07.266 --> 12:09.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The leadership
in International Harvester soon

12:09.466 --> 12:12.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
saw the potential to branch out
from agricultural products

12:12.933 --> 12:15.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to tap into this new market
for delivery vehicles.

12:16.200 --> 12:19.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
A factory in Akron,
Ohio, was converted

12:19.066 --> 12:24.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
from making farm implements to
making these new motor vehicles.

12:24.366 --> 12:25.600 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
Then in 1912,

12:25.600 --> 12:28.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
they started building
what they called motor trucks,

12:28.600 --> 12:30.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and that was really
where they got

12:30.633 --> 12:32.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
into the truck business
for the first time.

12:32.833 --> 12:34.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Even though the company identity

12:34.666 --> 12:37.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
was still strongly tied
to the McCormick-Deering names

12:37.933 --> 12:41.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and the primary focus remained
on the farming business,

12:41.433 --> 12:44.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
This new venture was charting
a course for the future:

12:45.200 --> 12:50.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
International Harvester Company
was now a truck manufacturer.

12:50.466 --> 12:51.100 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

12:51.533 --> 12:54.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
By 1910, International Harvester
Company had become

12:54.600 --> 12:57.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the nation's largest
producer of light trucks,

12:57.266 --> 13:00.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and it was now the fourth
largest company in America.

13:00.600 --> 13:01.466 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
The early years

13:01.866 --> 13:05.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
of the 20th century witnessed
a boom in vehicle production.

13:05.533 --> 13:08.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
More and more businesses
discovered how useful trucks

13:08.766 --> 13:09.533 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
could be for

13:09.900 --> 13:14.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
delivering milk, food, goods
and a variety of wares.

13:14.533 --> 13:16.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
As they started
with auto wagons,

13:16.333 --> 13:19.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
they quickly took over a plant
over in Akron, Ohio.

13:19.566 --> 13:21.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
But by the teens,

13:21.300 --> 13:25.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that was being outgrown
and they had to expand somehow.

13:25.200 --> 13:29.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Akron did fine for a number
of years, but it was landlocked.

13:29.666 --> 13:34.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
There was no room to expand
the dimensions of the plant,

13:34.233 --> 13:38.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Expanding sales paired
with an unexpandable factory

13:38.333 --> 13:40.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
created quite the dilemma

13:40.000 --> 13:42.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
for the International Harvester
Company.

13:42.466 --> 13:45.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
To alleviate the situation,
a former Champion farm

13:45.100 --> 13:48.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
equipment factory in Springfield
Ohio, was reconfigured

13:48.466 --> 13:50.166 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
to supplement the production

13:50.166 --> 13:51.100 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
of motor trucks.

13:51.100 --> 13:52.633 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
At the same time,

13:52.633 --> 13:54.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
the board resolved to further

13:54.333 --> 13:56.666 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
expand
their manufacturing capabilities

13:56.666 --> 13:59.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
by constructing
a brand new factory,

13:59.066 --> 14:01.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
solely dedicated to producing

14:01.800 --> 14:04.833 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
motor trucks,
that would have the capacity

14:04.833 --> 14:08.200 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
to fulfill
the increasing orders.

14:09.766 --> 14:14.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
A nationwide search was underway
to find the ideal location.

14:14.333 --> 14:17.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Representatives from Harvester
began contacting city

14:17.533 --> 14:21.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
officials and business leaders
in 26 different localities.

14:21.366 --> 14:23.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
In November 1919,

14:23.666 --> 14:27.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
one of those locations was Fort
Wayne, Indiana.

14:27.600 --> 14:29.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They approached the Fort Wayne
Chamber of Commerce.

14:29.833 --> 14:32.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Charles Finch was the president

14:32.533 --> 14:35.100 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and told them
that they were looking at Fort

14:35.100 --> 14:38.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Wayne as a possible site for
a new heavy duty truck plant.

14:38.966 --> 14:41.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Harvester said
we're looking to build a plant

14:41.666 --> 14:44.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that's going to cost
between four and $5 million.

14:44.666 --> 14:47.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
We're going to employ 4
to 5000 employees.

14:47.966 --> 14:51.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
We're going to produce
about 30,000 trucks per year,

14:51.366 --> 14:54.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
which is just an astronomical
number.

14:54.000 --> 14:58.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Now, the bad news is we want you
to form a corporation

14:58.566 --> 15:02.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and fund it with $750,000

15:02.200 --> 15:05.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to ensure that the other things
we need, like public

15:05.133 --> 15:09.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
services brought to our site,
can be accomplished.

15:09.033 --> 15:12.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They wanted streetcar service
run to the plant site.

15:12.266 --> 15:15.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
They also wanted a beltline
run to the plant site

15:15.500 --> 15:17.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that would come off
of the main railroad tracks.

15:17.433 --> 15:21.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And this beltline could be used
equally by the Wabash Railroad,

15:21.500 --> 15:23.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the Nickel Plate Railroad,
the New York Central

15:23.966 --> 15:25.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
and the Pennsylvania Railroad.

15:25.833 --> 15:26.633 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
The Fort Wayne

15:27.066 --> 15:29.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Chamber of Commerce got to work
by forming the Greater Fort

15:29.933 --> 15:35.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Wayne Development Corporation
to raise the necessary $750,000

15:36.166 --> 15:40.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The raising of this $750,000
was a Herculean feat

15:40.666 --> 15:45.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
In 1919, $750,000 was a whole
lot of money.

15:45.333 --> 15:48.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
they ended up getting over
200 people in Fort

15:48.033 --> 15:51.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Wayne and businesses
to contribute to the fund.

15:51.433 --> 15:57.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And instead of raising $750,000,
they raised $1 million.

15:58.366 --> 15:59.633 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

15:59.633 --> 16:02.033 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
In April of 1920,

16:02.033 --> 16:05.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
International Harvester
Vice President Herbert F Perkins

16:05.666 --> 16:07.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
shared
with the Board of Directors

16:07.733 --> 16:11.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
a unanimous recommendation from
the manufacturing department

16:11.533 --> 16:14.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
to choose Fort
Wayne as the location

16:14.100 --> 16:17.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
for the new motor
truck manufacturing plant.

16:17.266 --> 16:22.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
A site was chosen three miles
east of the city and 143 acres

16:22.133 --> 16:27.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
of land was to be purchased
at a cost of $700 per acre.

16:27.166 --> 16:30.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The site that was decided on
for International Harvester,

16:30.000 --> 16:32.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
which we now call the East
End Industries area,

16:32.766 --> 16:34.500 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
was really just farmland.

16:34.500 --> 16:38.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
My grandfather on my mother's
side - that's where they live.

16:38.533 --> 16:41.033 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
That was their family farm

16:41.033 --> 16:45.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and they sold the farm
to International back in 1920.

16:45.400 --> 16:49.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The big news was announced
in June of 1920.

16:49.633 --> 16:52.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
would be bringing their motor

16:52.600 --> 16:57.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
truck manufacturing
factory to Fort Wayne.

16:57.766 --> 16:58.400 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
The plans

16:58.733 --> 17:01.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
called for a factory
and two other buildings

17:01.500 --> 17:06.733 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
with 193,000
square feet under roof.

17:06.733 --> 17:09.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
One impressive architectural
element of the Fort

17:09.466 --> 17:12.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Wayne works would be a colossal
rectangular tower

17:12.966 --> 17:17.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
bearing the name “Internationa” 
on all four sides.

17:17.333 --> 17:20.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
What a lot of people
don't realize is that the tower,

17:20.300 --> 17:25.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
which is 150 feet tall, housed
a 100,000 gallon water tank.

17:25.466 --> 17:28.633 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Rising high
above the surrounding farmland,

17:28.633 --> 17:32.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the tower could be seen for
miles away.

17:32.133 --> 17:35.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It would become an icon
of not only the International

17:35.433 --> 17:38.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Harvester Company,
but also of Fort Wayne

17:38.800 --> 17:42.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
as a home for industry.

17:42.900 --> 17:44.533 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Shift changes were signaled

17:44.533 --> 17:47.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
by a loud steam
whistle atop the powerhouse.

17:47.700 --> 17:52.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The distinct tone could be heard
for miles around the factory.

17:52.166 --> 17:54.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Willard Bryce Shull was born

17:54.033 --> 17:57.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
in 1921, two years
before the plant was completed.

17:57.833 --> 18:00.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He and his family lived
near the plant

18:00.300 --> 18:03.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and regarded the whistle
to be a community timepiece.

18:03.933 --> 18:05.966 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
We lived by that whistle.

18:05.966 --> 18:10.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
I lived not too far down
about two blocks.

18:10.366 --> 18:12.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I knew the timing

18:12.966 --> 18:16.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
of, people went to work
and when they got off.

18:16.033 --> 18:19.133 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
The last
whistle was at twelve oclock.

18:19.133 --> 18:22.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
That was the last one
until seven in the morning.

18:22.800 --> 18:26.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I heard that whistle for years,
but I never knew I was going

18:26.166 --> 18:27.400 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
to be working by it.

18:28.100 --> 18:29.000 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

18:29.000 --> 18:32.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Construction
began in May of 1922.

18:32.700 --> 18:35.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The first truck would roll
off the Fort Wayne works

18:35.366 --> 18:39.233 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
assembly line
in December of 1923.

18:39.233 --> 18:43.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Workers would produce 433 trucks
by the end of the year.

18:43.433 --> 18:49.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
From this point forward, Fort
Wayne would be a truck town.

18:49.333 --> 18:52.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Once the full capacity
of the factory came on line

18:52.166 --> 18:57.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
in 1924, a total of 6,831
trucks were made that year.

18:57.800 --> 18:59.700 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
The Model 103

18:59.700 --> 19:03.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
was one of the new truck models
being built at the new plant.

19:03.633 --> 19:06.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The rugged truck
with a 10,000 pound

19:06.300 --> 19:10.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
maximum capacity marked
the beginning for Fort Wayne.

19:10.833 --> 19:14.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Things were going
well in Fort Wayne in 1924.

19:14.866 --> 19:15.900 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Plans were announced

19:16.100 --> 19:20.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to expand the works in order
to increase production capacity.

19:20.033 --> 19:23.033 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
By 1925,
the International Harvester

19:23.033 --> 19:25.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Company had earned its place
as the country's

19:25.433 --> 19:29.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
largest manufacturer
with a full line of trucks.

19:29.166 --> 19:32.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The Akron works closed
that same year.

19:32.200 --> 19:35.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Truck production was now divided
between Fort Wayne, Indiana,

19:36.000 --> 19:38.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and Springfield, Ohio,
with a third truck plant

19:38.966 --> 19:42.133 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
serving
Canada in Chatham, Ontario.

19:42.133 --> 19:43.200 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Those factories

19:43.200 --> 19:47.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
combined to produce
about 15,000 trucks in 1926.

19:47.733 --> 19:53.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
In 1928, total production
reached a record 40,000 units.

19:53.500 --> 19:56.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
International Harvester
makes a complete line of trucks,

19:56.800 --> 19:59.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the best that men, money,
and more than a century

19:59.366 --> 20:01.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
of manufacturing experience
can build.

20:01.600 --> 20:03.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
The factory at Fort Wayne,

20:03.666 --> 20:06.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
where heavy duty
models are manufactured.

20:06.133 --> 20:09.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
There are Internationals
to meet every hauling need,

20:09.166 --> 20:11.966 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
dependably and economically.

20:11.966 --> 20:14.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The plant complex was expanded
to complement

20:14.533 --> 20:17.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the assembly of trucks by adding
a forge for making parts

20:17.966 --> 20:21.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and an 80 acre
proving grounds facility to test

20:21.600 --> 20:24.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
the trucks under extreme
conditions.

20:24.333 --> 20:27.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Really, when the Depression
hit in the fall of 1929,

20:27.833 --> 20:30.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
it took a while for it
to catch up with Fort Wayne.

20:30.766 --> 20:34.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
We kept sailing along for a
while because of the diverse

20:34.333 --> 20:36.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
industrial base
that we had here.

20:36.266 --> 20:39.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
But eventually, of course, it
caught up with Fort Wayne, too,

20:39.166 --> 20:42.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and caught up with
International Harvester as well.

20:42.233 --> 20:45.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The International Harvester
Company went from a high

20:45.200 --> 20:49.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
of 51,000 trucks
produced in 1928

20:49.066 --> 20:51.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
to a Depression era low of just

20:51.900 --> 20:57.700 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
17,400 in 1932.

20:58.200 --> 21:00.400 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
During the
lean years of the early 1930s,

21:00.400 --> 21:02.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the Federal government
turned its resources

21:02.700 --> 21:06.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
toward public works
and infrastructure projects.

21:06.266 --> 21:10.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
These big projects
called for big trucks.

21:10.166 --> 21:12.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
We supplied
80% of all the trucks

21:12.600 --> 21:13.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
to build the Hoover

21:13.500 --> 21:14.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Dam, which was the biggest
public works

21:14.866 --> 21:16.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
project in the country's
history.

21:16.966 --> 21:19.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
in this early stage of the work,
millions of yards of rock

21:19.833 --> 21:21.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and dirt were to be removed.

21:21.800 --> 21:24.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
A fleet of over 100
International heavy

21:24.000 --> 21:27.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
duty trucks was selected
by the six companies

21:27.133 --> 21:31.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
summer and winter
working 24 hours a day

21:31.000 --> 21:34.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
to choking dust and
fighting winds in temperatures

21:34.266 --> 21:39.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
as high as 120 and in
cold often below freezing.

21:39.366 --> 21:40.866 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Things were much heavier duty.

21:40.866 --> 21:43.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
We were building really
big trucks.

21:43.633 --> 21:46.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Drastic changes
from the from the ‘20s.

21:46.166 --> 21:47.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Whatever the destination,

21:47.566 --> 21:51.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
these heavy duty trucks
are ready and able to go.

21:51.300 --> 21:53.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Such flexibility and
ability to work

21:53.300 --> 21:56.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and never get equaled by any
other form of transportation.

21:56.633 --> 21:58.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
And the adaptation of trucks

21:58.433 --> 22:01.500 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
to specific
jobs is still in its beginning.

22:03.666 --> 22:04.966 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
[dramatic music]

22:04.966 --> 22:08.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The decade of the
1930s would end under the shadow

22:08.200 --> 22:10.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
of a dark cloud
of uncertainty cast

22:10.866 --> 22:14.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
by the escalating conflict
in Europe and Asia.

22:14.200 --> 22:18.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
By the summer of 1940, France
had surrendered to Germany

22:18.500 --> 22:20.400 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
and Great
Britain was under siege

22:20.400 --> 22:24.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
from the relentless
Nazi air attacks.

22:24.033 --> 22:27.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We were anticipating that we
were going to get into the war

22:27.300 --> 22:31.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and we were planning
at least ahead of time.

22:31.066 --> 22:35.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The M-1-4 and M-2-4 were
in response to an invitation

22:35.266 --> 22:40.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to bid for a contract
for the rearmament programs

22:40.166 --> 22:42.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
that were coming
in 1939 and 1940

22:42.500 --> 22:45.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
because we knew we were going
to be in a war sooner or later.

22:45.366 --> 22:48.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
So they were building up
our military and making orders

22:48.633 --> 22:50.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
of different kinds of equipment.

22:50.566 --> 22:54.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
[dramatic music]

22:54.500 --> 22:57.033 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
December 7, 1941,

22:57.033 --> 23:00.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
America was stunned by the news
that war had come to the US

23:00.600 --> 23:03.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
in a surprise attack
at Pearl Harbor.

23:04.066 --> 23:06.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Logistics would be a vital part
of supplying

23:06.233 --> 23:09.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
allied troops with everything
they needed to win the war.

23:09.466 --> 23:12.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
To do the job,
it would take thousands

23:12.600 --> 23:17.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
of trucks from every vehicle
manufacturer in the U.S..

23:17.133 --> 23:20.266 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Mobility
is the essence of modern war,

23:20.266 --> 23:24.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and America's motorized
forces must be kept rolling

23:24.633 --> 23:25.166 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
over at the

23:25.700 --> 23:28.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Fort Wayne Works, plant
facilities are being used

23:28.233 --> 23:34.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
for the manufacture
of military trucks.

23:34.700 --> 23:37.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Wartime production had begun.

23:37.100 --> 23:39.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Fort Wayne continued to build
heavy duty

23:39.800 --> 23:42.900 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
trucks
and some medium duty models.

23:42.900 --> 23:46.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Springfield built half-tracks,
along with light duty

23:46.500 --> 23:49.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
trucks and early
four-wheel-drive vehicles.

23:50.066 --> 23:51.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Fort Wayne Engineers

23:51.200 --> 23:55.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
designed vehicles
to meet military specifications.

23:55.100 --> 23:56.866 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Then prototypes underwent

23:56.866 --> 24:00.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
rigorous testing at the Fort
Wayne Proving Grounds.

24:00.666 --> 24:03.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The performance of a military
unit is

24:03.266 --> 24:06.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
tested on the proving ground
just the same way

24:06.466 --> 24:09.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
all the guesswork is taken out
of a standard truck.

24:09.733 --> 24:12.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
International trucks
are rolling on the Burma Road

24:12.933 --> 24:15.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and driving across the hot
sands of Africa

24:15.933 --> 24:18.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and doing yeoman service
with friendly foreign

24:18.533 --> 24:23.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
powers, all under the
toughest possible conditions.

24:23.033 --> 24:24.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
We tested trucks
that were going to be an

24:24.700 --> 24:28.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
even more difficult situations
than bad roads in Europe

24:28.700 --> 24:30.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
or wherever they were headed.

24:31.133 --> 24:33.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
One of the government-designed
heavy duty military vehicles

24:33.600 --> 24:39.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
being built at the Fort
Wayne Works was the M-5-6;

24:39.166 --> 24:42.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The M-5-6 was probably the best
deuce

24:42.633 --> 24:46.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and a half built during the war,
especially the M-5H-6,

24:46.533 --> 24:49.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
which was a specialty version
that the Marine Corps used

24:49.366 --> 24:52.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
because it was a high mobility
six by six.

24:53.666 --> 24:54.366 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
[dramatic music]

24:54.366 --> 24:56.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
The US Army had a major concern

24:56.633 --> 24:59.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
with the thousands of trucks
it was putting into service.

24:59.666 --> 25:01.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Once they were in the field of

25:01.066 --> 25:05.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
battle, there was still a need
for maintenance and repair.

25:05.233 --> 25:08.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
With such a large fleet
of vehicles under their command.

25:09.200 --> 25:11.433 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
The Army came
to the manufacturers

25:11.433 --> 25:15.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
asking for a qualified mechanics
willing to serve.

25:15.100 --> 25:18.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
International responded
by recruiting from its factories

25:18.433 --> 25:19.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
and dealerships,

25:19.633 --> 25:22.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
putting together and training
a group of field mechanics

25:22.600 --> 25:26.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that would become known
as the Harvester Battalion.

25:26.533 --> 25:29.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The 134th Ordnance
Maintenance Battalion

25:29.933 --> 25:33.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
would go on to be cited
for meritorious services,

25:33.033 --> 25:36.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
repairing trucks, tanks
and halftracks

25:36.233 --> 25:40.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
on the front lines
in France and Germany.

25:40.733 --> 25:42.466 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
[military music]

25:42.466 --> 25:43.633 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
Company-wide,

25:43.633 --> 25:47.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
over 13,000 International
Harvester employees enlisted

25:47.666 --> 25:51.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
in some form of military service
during the war.

25:51.166 --> 25:53.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
This left thousands of vacant
jobs that needed

25:53.933 --> 25:57.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to be filled to meet the wartime
production demands.

25:57.233 --> 26:00.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
World War Two provided
women and minorities

26:00.233 --> 26:02.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
with new employment
opportunities,

26:02.533 --> 26:06.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
unlike any other time
in our nations history.

26:06.033 --> 26:11.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We had an anti-discrimination
policy that we issued in 1919.

26:11.033 --> 26:15.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
We were way ahead of our time,
but our plants were not very

26:15.200 --> 26:18.100 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
integrated until the war.

26:18.100 --> 26:20.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The Fort Wayne Works
gained a tenuous connection

26:20.833 --> 26:23.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
with one of the legendary
Tuskegee Airmen.

26:23.600 --> 26:26.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Thanks to former employee
Maxine Hall.

26:26.233 --> 26:28.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Her husband, Charles B.

26:28.466 --> 26:31.133 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
Hall,
was the first African-American

26:31.133 --> 26:35.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
to shoot down a Nazi aircraft,
during a dogfight in Italy.

26:35.666 --> 26:40.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
He would go on to fly
198 combat missions, earn

26:40.166 --> 26:44.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the rank of Major, and receive
the Distinguished Flying Cross.

26:44.666 --> 26:47.033 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

26:47.833 --> 26:48.500 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

26:48.766 --> 26:51.500 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Eventually
all the hard work would pay off.

26:51.700 --> 26:55.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The allies would see victory
in Europe and Asia.

26:55.100 --> 26:58.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Americans celebrated
as loved ones returned home

26:58.366 --> 27:02.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and life slowly
fell back into its normal pace.

27:02.700 --> 27:04.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
For the International Harvester
Company

27:04.600 --> 27:07.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the return to normal
would bring record sales.

27:07.733 --> 27:14.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
In 1948, truck production hit
a new high of 172,000 vehicles

27:14.233 --> 27:19.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and Fort Wayne did its part
by building 46,955 trucks.

27:20.233 --> 27:24.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
As America turned the corner
from the war-fueled 1940s,

27:24.200 --> 27:28.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
into the domestic baby-boom
decade of the 1950s,

27:28.000 --> 27:31.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the International Harvester
Fort Wayne Plant complex

27:31.633 --> 27:35.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
had grown to include 31
buildings, with 40 acres

27:35.966 --> 27:40.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
under roof, on a total of 124
acres of land.

27:40.500 --> 27:43.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
By 1950, half a million trucks

27:43.300 --> 27:46.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
had rolled off the assembly line
of the Fort Wayne Works.

27:46.566 --> 27:48.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Employment levels
fluctuated between

27:48.800 --> 27:52.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
fifty-five hundred and six
thousand workers.

27:52.066 --> 27:53.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
The increased sales brought on

27:53.833 --> 27:56.966 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
by postwar
optimism and a booming economy

27:56.966 --> 28:00.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
caused some growing pains
at the Fort Wayne Works.

28:00.166 --> 28:03.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Management wanted design
and engineering

28:03.766 --> 28:05.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
to come together
in one location.

28:06.200 --> 28:08.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Ground was broken
in July of 1950

28:08.466 --> 28:11.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
for the construction
of a new Motor Truck Engineering

28:11.466 --> 28:14.433 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Department
and Laboratories in Fort Wayne.

28:14.666 --> 28:19.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
This 250,000 square foot, 8
million dollar facility,

28:19.500 --> 28:20.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
would be a place where

28:20.733 --> 28:25.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
planning, design, and testing
all came together.

28:25.300 --> 28:27.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
It's critical
to have all those people

28:27.000 --> 28:29.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in the same place
on the same page.

28:29.466 --> 28:32.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Everything was designed here and
for the most part, built here.

28:32.633 --> 28:34.133 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
You look under the hood.

28:34.133 --> 28:36.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
There's almost no room
for another anything in there.

28:36.700 --> 28:38.233 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
And our designers

28:38.233 --> 28:41.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
would be arguing
about the slope of a hood,

28:41.033 --> 28:42.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and the engineers
would be telling them

28:42.633 --> 28:44.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
about all the other
pieces of equipment

28:44.433 --> 28:46.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that still need to go under
that hood.

28:46.600 --> 28:49.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
To make one truck,
you've got hundreds, literally

28:49.800 --> 28:53.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
thousands of parts
that go in into that truck.

28:53.633 --> 28:56.100 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

28:56.100 --> 28:59.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
In order for all of these parts
to fit together,

28:59.066 --> 29:02.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
it takes careful planning,
precise drawings

29:02.333 --> 29:04.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and a whole lot of engineering
knowhow.

29:04.800 --> 29:08.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
All this has to come together
and work together

29:08.033 --> 29:10.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
to build a vehicle
that doesn't fail,

29:10.166 --> 29:11.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
you know, has high reliability.

29:11.733 --> 29:15.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And so we would have hundreds
of engineers

29:15.366 --> 29:19.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to design one truck,
different kinds of engineers,

29:19.266 --> 29:23.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
some electrical, some
mechanical, some test engineers.

29:23.500 --> 29:25.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
We did all the new product
development,

29:25.233 --> 29:29.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
so all the new trucks, we did
all the sustaining engineering.

29:29.566 --> 29:31.733 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
To develop a truck.

29:31.733 --> 29:33.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
It takes years to do it right.

29:33.900 --> 29:35.333 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
And even then, youre

29:35.333 --> 29:39.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
accelerated testing,
A lot of design, a lot of tests,

29:39.900 --> 29:43.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
redesign, retest, validate,

29:43.666 --> 29:46.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and then you gotta make sure
that can all be produced

29:46.133 --> 29:50.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
It takes hundreds of people,
thousands of man hours

29:50.900 --> 29:54.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
to develop a product like that
that's acceptable in

29:54.033 --> 29:57.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the marketplace, is safe
and reliable and durable.

29:58.233 --> 30:00.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
How many miles should this last?

30:00.000 --> 30:01.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
What kind of roads
is it going to run under?

30:01.866 --> 30:03.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
What's it going to haul?

30:03.633 --> 30:04.800 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Those sorts of things.

30:04.800 --> 30:06.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
How is the customer
really going to use it?

30:06.600 --> 30:11.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Creates the specification
and then the engineers sit down

30:11.200 --> 30:12.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and they start
to develop the truck

30:12.800 --> 30:14.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and it's really developed
on paper.

30:14.666 --> 30:19.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And at some point it goes
from kind of the specifications

30:19.200 --> 30:20.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
to a set of drawings.

30:20.966 --> 30:25.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
These drawings had to be
very precise and very detailed.

30:25.333 --> 30:27.333 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Not just major components,

30:27.333 --> 30:30.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
but every seemingly
insignificant screw,

30:30.366 --> 30:34.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
washer, nut and bolt
had to be represented.

30:34.366 --> 30:37.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Every part that we used

30:37.100 --> 30:39.266 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
it took an
army of engineers and draftsmen

30:39.266 --> 30:41.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to produce the drawings
that would be needed

30:41.400 --> 30:45.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
for all phases of development,
testing and production.

30:45.800 --> 30:48.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
This all took place
in one huge space

30:48.566 --> 30:51.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
at the engineering center
in Fort Wayne.

30:51.400 --> 30:54.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It was called the drafting room,
the design room.

30:54.966 --> 30:57.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And when I started
that was all open and,

30:57.800 --> 31:00.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and there was eight foot
and ten foot

31:00.200 --> 31:02.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and 12 foot drafting boards

31:02.800 --> 31:03.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
but what was going on in

31:03.866 --> 31:06.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
there was all the hard work
of getting drawings

31:06.833 --> 31:11.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ready or bills of material ready
or detailed drawings

31:11.666 --> 31:15.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
or assembly drawings
of how to build those products.

31:15.233 --> 31:18.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We had hundreds of engineers
in there

31:18.133 --> 31:21.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and designers and detailers
doing that work in there.

31:21.666 --> 31:24.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
it starts with putting it
on what we call the layout,

31:24.566 --> 31:26.266 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
either
the whole truck or portion

31:26.266 --> 31:28.166 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
of the truck
where that part's going,

31:28.166 --> 31:31.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
how does it fit with everything
else going around there?

31:31.433 --> 31:33.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and the guys start
putting it together,

31:33.366 --> 31:34.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
putting all those parts
together,

31:34.700 --> 31:36.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and invariably
they start saying,

31:36.633 --> 31:37.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
This isn't going to work.

31:37.833 --> 31:40.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
You can't put this together
in the manufacturing facility.

31:40.766 --> 31:43.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Engineering would design a part

31:43.366 --> 31:46.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and then if they had trouble
with it on the line,

31:46.733 --> 31:48.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
they blamed the guys
on the assembly line

31:48.866 --> 31:52.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
for not knowing how to put it on
and theyd blame engineering

31:52.033 --> 31:53.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
for not knowing
how to design it.

31:53.500 --> 31:56.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It might be surprising,
but sometimes engineers design

31:56.600 --> 31:58.300 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
things
that can't be put together.

31:58.300 --> 32:01.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Even if all the parts actually
fit together,

32:01.666 --> 32:05.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
it doesn't necessarily mean
they will work together.

32:05.666 --> 32:08.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Then you start to test it.

32:08.000 --> 32:10.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And that's where you start
to find out, hey,

32:10.266 --> 32:13.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
you know, we did this virtually,
but in the real world,

32:13.300 --> 32:17.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
these temperatures are higher
or the stresses are higher.

32:17.200 --> 32:18.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
And so then you go through

32:18.566 --> 32:22.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
kind of a phase of redesign
and prototype and redesign.

32:23.000 --> 32:25.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
This is taking years,
a typical truck,

32:25.066 --> 32:27.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
if you could do it in
four years, that's pretty good.

32:27.866 --> 32:30.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Most new products
would take five years.

32:30.533 --> 32:33.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And then you actually go to the 
manufacturing plant, 

32:33.233 --> 32:37.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
probably a year before youre, 
you have everything tooled up.

32:37.333 --> 32:39.400 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Can we build it in the plant?

32:39.400 --> 32:41.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
And then that last year

32:41.100 --> 32:43.300 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
is really
just preparing for production.

32:45.800 --> 32:46.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Before a truck could go

32:46.766 --> 32:50.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
into production,
every part had to be tested.

32:50.366 --> 32:54.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
First, the parts were tested on
an individual level, then,

32:54.600 --> 32:57.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
assembled units
like transmissions and engines

32:57.333 --> 33:00.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
were tested for functionality
and durability.

33:00.500 --> 33:04.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Finally, a complete prototype
truck was submitted to various

33:04.000 --> 33:07.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
kinds of testing under extreme
conditions.

33:07.033 --> 33:09.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Engineers created
different types of environments

33:09.833 --> 33:10.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
for testing the limits

33:10.933 --> 33:13.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
of the products
they were designing.

33:13.266 --> 33:16.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The Shaker Lab was meant to
simulate the jarring conditions

33:16.466 --> 33:19.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
a truck might encounter
on a construction site

33:19.300 --> 33:23.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
or driving thousands of miles
on rough roads.

33:23.966 --> 33:25.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
You could shake a hood,
you could shake a radiator,

33:25.566 --> 33:29.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
you could shake a cab
and it really simulated,

33:29.466 --> 33:33.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
if you think about going over
railroad tracks as an example.

33:33.333 --> 33:36.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You can drive over railroad
tracks so many times a day.

33:36.600 --> 33:38.166 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
But if you can get over

33:38.166 --> 33:38.933 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
100 times

33:39.400 --> 33:41.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
a day, that's probably a lot
to drive over a railroad track.

33:42.166 --> 33:44.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Literally, you could drive over
a railroad track

33:44.900 --> 33:48.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
on a shaker every 5 seconds.

33:48.633 --> 33:51.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Because International trucks
were used worldwide.

33:51.400 --> 33:53.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
They had to be able to function
in some of the most

33:53.800 --> 33:56.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
extreme temperatures
on the planet.

33:56.800 --> 33:58.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The Fort Wayne engineers created
special lab

33:58.933 --> 34:02.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
environments to simulate
sweltering heat in the hot room

34:02.466 --> 34:05.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and subzero temperatures
in the cold room

34:05.366 --> 34:11.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
with the capacity to go as low
as -100 degrees Fahrenheit.

34:11.333 --> 34:13.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I'd say the majority of
the tests were 40 below.

34:13.866 --> 34:17.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Forty below zero,
a soft seat is rock.

34:17.033 --> 34:18.700 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
A rock.

34:18.700 --> 34:19.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
These extreme temperatures

34:19.900 --> 34:23.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
not only tested the limits
of what a truck could endure,

34:23.333 --> 34:27.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but also the limits of what
the human body could endure.

34:27.133 --> 34:30.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The cold room had specific
guidelines to prevent

34:30.000 --> 34:33.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
serious injury to the personnel
working inside.

34:33.366 --> 34:36.500 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Special gear
had to be worn and strict time

34:36.500 --> 34:40.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
limits were observed, depending
on the testing temperature.

34:40.233 --> 34:41.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Time limit in the cold room.

34:41.900 --> 34:43.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
I think was 15 minutes. 
15 minutes, 

34:43.633 --> 34:44.933 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
15 minutes, 

34:44.933 --> 34:48.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Then, when you were 70
or 80 below, like 5 minutes.

34:48.400 --> 34:51.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Yeah, that was in an eight hour
period.

34:51.966 --> 34:55.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
In order to design
and build a reliable and safe

34:55.000 --> 34:56.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
truck, engineers

34:56.433 --> 34:59.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
often had to bring components
to the point of failure

34:59.566 --> 35:03.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to find design flaws,
reveal weaknesses in materials,

35:03.866 --> 35:07.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
or establish safe
operating limits for a product.

35:07.966 --> 35:11.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This involved using
some creative methods to invent

35:11.100 --> 35:14.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
tests that could push products
beyond their breaking point.

35:15.833 --> 35:16.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Another factor that affected

35:16.833 --> 35:19.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
truck development was government
regulation.

35:19.933 --> 35:21.466 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Vehicle manufacturers

35:21.466 --> 35:23.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
had to meet certain
federal standards

35:23.366 --> 35:25.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
before they could put a truck
on the market.

35:25.600 --> 35:28.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
This required engineers
to perform specialized

35:28.433 --> 35:31.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
testing under very strict
standards.

35:31.466 --> 35:34.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It was a large part,
through the eighties, nineties

35:34.533 --> 35:37.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and even up till now,
is the government

35:37.733 --> 35:41.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
regulations, a lot of investment
to meet the regulations.

35:42.366 --> 35:47.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Every three or every four years,
we had a new emission standard

35:47.066 --> 35:50.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and so we would have to go in
and there'd be a new engine

35:50.266 --> 35:53.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
installation, a new radiator
installation, 

35:53.666 --> 35:56.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And so it became a large part
of what we did here.

35:57.433 --> 35:58.366 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
The brake regulations were

35:58.366 --> 36:00.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
the same thing
during that time frame.

36:00.166 --> 36:01.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
They wanted them
shorter and shorter.

36:01.900 --> 36:04.033 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
For all
for great reasons. Right?

36:04.033 --> 36:05.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
We want trucks that can stop

36:06.200 --> 36:07.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
When we first started
did brake tests,

36:07.433 --> 36:09.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
we didn't have
the anti-skid systems

36:09.533 --> 36:12.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and you'd have to hit the brake
pedal hard enough

36:12.900 --> 36:16.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
to stop as quick as you could
without locking the wheel.

36:16.400 --> 36:18.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And you kind of
built your way up to speed.

36:18.466 --> 36:20.533 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
Well,
when they came out with this

36:20.533 --> 36:24.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
anti-skid brakes,
we didn't have any more of that.

36:24.000 --> 36:24.466 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
You went out

36:25.200 --> 36:27.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and you did a 60 mile an hour
panic stop, we call them.

36:27.966 --> 36:30.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And you talk about something,
you talk about something

36:30.800 --> 36:32.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to make you pucker up
on that seat.

36:32.600 --> 36:33.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
You come around that curve.

36:33.933 --> 36:38.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
As soon as you hit the flat,
you had to stab that brake

36:38.933 --> 36:40.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and hope it worked because you.

36:40.833 --> 36:42.266 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
[laughter] Thats right.

36:43.133 --> 36:43.900 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
That truck,

36:44.333 --> 36:47.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
bear in mind, you're going down
the road at 80,000 pounds.

36:47.933 --> 36:48.866 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
That's the max.

36:48.866 --> 36:51.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But it had to stop in
X number of feet.

36:51.400 --> 36:53.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
The Cargostar was short,

36:53.500 --> 36:56.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and that thing would jump
from one axle to the other.

36:56.400 --> 36:57.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
You remember that truck?

36:57.500 --> 36:58.166 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5%
Yeah.

36:58.166 --> 37:00.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Well, it just about kill you.

37:00.966 --> 37:02.233 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
It was crazy.

37:02.233 --> 37:06.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I know they built a 9670 with
a real short wheelbase one time.

37:06.433 --> 37:07.500 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Yeah, I remember that.

37:07.500 --> 37:09.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And it would almost
go on its nose

37:09.066 --> 37:11.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
when you guys hit the brakes.
Yeah, yeah.

37:11.066 --> 37:14.566 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
The rear end
would come off the ground.

37:14.566 --> 37:15.866 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
So they didn't sell them.

37:15.866 --> 37:19.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
They turned around.
We went to a longer frame on it.

37:19.733 --> 37:20.966 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[50s music]

37:20.966 --> 37:25.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The proving grounds, a
very important external facility

37:25.100 --> 37:28.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
with a 1.2 mile banked oval
track, was where testing

37:28.833 --> 37:30.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
was done on fully assembled

37:30.466 --> 37:33.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
vehicles under extreme
driving conditions.

37:33.533 --> 37:34.366 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
The purpose

37:34.633 --> 37:37.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
of the proving grounds test
track was really just

37:37.433 --> 37:40.433 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
to speed up testing.

37:41.300 --> 37:43.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
These trucks, some of them will
last a million miles.

37:43.966 --> 37:46.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
How do you put a million miles
on a truck in a few years?

37:46.866 --> 37:48.033 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
You can't.

37:48.033 --> 37:49.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
And so you accelerate test them.

37:49.866 --> 37:51.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
That's what we did
at the test track.

37:51.466 --> 37:54.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
At the proving ground track
at Fort Wayne, Indiana.

37:54.700 --> 37:56.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Drivers wear them out
if they can.

37:56.933 --> 38:00.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
There's what we call events,
whether it's a turning event

38:00.200 --> 38:01.433 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
where you turn the truck

38:01.433 --> 38:03.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
or whether it's
going over a rough bump

38:03.966 --> 38:06.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
or whether it's putting it
through twist course.

38:06.733 --> 38:09.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Those are things you can
accelerate at the test track.

38:09.600 --> 38:13.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Areas where we can fill up
and run trucks through water

38:13.033 --> 38:17.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to speed up rusting or corrosion
and things like that.

38:17.133 --> 38:18.500 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
The Belgian blocks,

38:18.500 --> 38:21.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
scientifically constructed
rough roads

38:21.000 --> 38:22.100 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
deal out their punishment

38:22.100 --> 38:24.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
to the springs,
the steering mechanism,

38:24.333 --> 38:28.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
the cab and the cab mountings
and every part of the body.

38:28.233 --> 38:31.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Our drivers could only drive
for a few hours at a time

38:31.566 --> 38:34.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
because it physically
would wear you out

38:34.533 --> 38:36.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
driving through a Belgium
block course.

38:36.766 --> 38:41.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The toughest test of all,
the twist course.

38:41.033 --> 38:42.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Imagine the terrific stress upon

38:42.866 --> 38:45.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
every fiber of the truck's
structure as it surges

38:45.833 --> 38:48.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
back and forth,
always under full load.

38:48.933 --> 38:51.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
There's strain on the frame,
the steering mechanism,

38:51.466 --> 38:57.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the springs, every chassis
part, the cab, hood and grill.

38:58.333 --> 39:01.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Every truck was different
because of the wheelbase,

39:01.066 --> 39:03.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
how it would twist.

39:03.133 --> 39:08.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And sometimes when they build it
too rigid, it would break.

39:08.633 --> 39:16.366 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
[Music]
[crash sound effects]

39:16.366 --> 39:17.700 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Back when we were building

39:17.700 --> 39:20.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Scouts and Travelalls,
we had to crash them.

39:20.900 --> 39:21.666 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5%
Yeah.

39:21.933 --> 39:24.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We had a barrier out
at the track where they, 

39:24.933 --> 39:26.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
we wouldnt drive them into it. 

39:26.533 --> 39:28.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
[laughter] We, they put them on 

39:28.533 --> 39:29.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
We had one guy. 
on a dolly that..

39:29.966 --> 39:30.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
[laughter] They put all the way
on a dolly that..

39:30.600 --> 39:32.233 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
we had a dummy didnt we?

39:32.233 --> 39:33.733 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
We had dummies in them,

39:33.733 --> 39:35.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
but we had a dolly,
they'd put it on

39:35.400 --> 39:36.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and it would run it into the

39:36.833 --> 39:40.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
crash barrier at a certain speed
and they had all kinds of

39:40.133 --> 39:42.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
high speed cameras
taking pictures.

39:42.633 --> 39:45.166 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[rock music]

39:45.166 --> 39:48.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Once a truck model
has been designed, engineered

39:48.233 --> 39:52.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and tested, only then was it
ready for mass production.

39:52.666 --> 39:56.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The factory assembly line
is where designs become reality.

39:56.866 --> 39:58.433 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
At the Fort Wayne Works,

39:58.433 --> 40:01.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
heavy duty trucks were assembled
on a massive factory floor

40:01.900 --> 40:04.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the length of four football
fields.

40:04.600 --> 40:06.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
It was quite an operation 

40:06.566 --> 40:07.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
far as you could see,

40:07.700 --> 40:09.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
is the line of trucks
coming down the assembly line.

40:09.500 --> 40:12.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
That was almost intimidating
to say the least.

40:12.733 --> 40:15.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It run almost the full 
length of the building.

40:15.766 --> 40:18.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I always like to get inside
a factory.

40:18.033 --> 40:19.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
You're seeing the birth
of a truck.

40:19.433 --> 40:21.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Some people, you know, it's
just a truck.

40:21.966 --> 40:24.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
You just put it together.
I don't see it that way.

40:24.500 --> 40:25.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
That is a birth of 
a piece of equipment

40:25.900 --> 40:28.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
that is put assembled together.

40:28.166 --> 40:32.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And how it all happens
is still amazing

40:32.000 --> 40:33.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that you get to drive
that thing off

40:33.433 --> 40:35.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
the end of the line and starts
most of the time.

40:35.933 --> 40:40.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The factory floor was where the
main truck assembly took place.

40:40.000 --> 40:44.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Some parts, like axles
and tires, were fed up

40:44.100 --> 40:45.500 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
from a sublevel.

40:45.500 --> 40:46.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Cabs were pre-assembled

40:46.966 --> 40:50.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and fed down the line
by the overhead conveyor.

40:50.266 --> 40:53.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The Fort Wayne Works
had the capacity and work force

40:53.133 --> 40:57.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
to produce over 200 heavy duty
trucks per day.

40:57.566 --> 41:00.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
This was accomplished
by running two assembly lines

41:00.300 --> 41:04.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
simultaneously for two shifts
per day.

41:04.033 --> 41:06.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
A separate factory
was added in 1960

41:06.800 --> 41:09.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
for the production
of the new Scout in Fort Wayne.

41:10.000 --> 41:12.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Even though the end products
from both factories

41:12.666 --> 41:14.133 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
were quite different,

41:14.133 --> 41:17.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
the production
methods remained quite similar.

41:17.433 --> 41:19.266 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
The frames came in

41:19.266 --> 41:23.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
from the outside and people
started building them.

41:23.766 --> 41:26.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
You took the frame, you added
the axles.

41:26.000 --> 41:30.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You added all the brake lines
to the chassis and everything.

41:30.333 --> 41:34.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And then you put on tires
and you'd go from the overhead

41:34.100 --> 41:38.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
conveyor to the floor
conveyor, and then you'd

41:38.033 --> 41:39.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
come in with the radiator and

41:39.600 --> 41:43.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the engine and down the road
the cab and away you go.

41:43.666 --> 41:46.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The front end hood and fenders
and keep going.

41:47.000 --> 41:48.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
At the end of the line

41:48.166 --> 41:50.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
it would go to a station
called Roll Test.

41:50.733 --> 41:53.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
We would put the vehicle
on a rolling road

41:53.500 --> 41:54.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and the vehicle would be tested

41:54.833 --> 41:56.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
in two-wheel-drive
and four-wheel-drive.

41:56.066 --> 41:59.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It would be run a certain amount
of time on the rolling road

41:59.666 --> 42:01.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and make sure everything
worked properly.

42:01.766 --> 42:03.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And then it would go
to a final inspection

42:03.400 --> 42:05.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
where somebody would go through
and look at the mechanicals,

42:05.500 --> 42:07.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
but make sure the doors were

42:07.000 --> 42:08.700 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
hung right,
the mirrors were on properly.

42:08.700 --> 42:11.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
There's no big paint flaws
or a grille

42:11.833 --> 42:14.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
wasn't put on upside down
or things like that.

42:14.566 --> 42:17.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
While all of these different
parts were being assembled,

42:17.500 --> 42:18.266 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
the entire

42:18.733 --> 42:22.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
line was on a conveyor system
that was constantly moving.

42:22.233 --> 42:25.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Parts had to be placed
and ready to go at each station

42:25.766 --> 42:28.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
along the way in order to keep
the carefully orchestrated

42:28.766 --> 42:32.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
ballet moving, using a system
that followed line set tickets.

42:32.866 --> 42:36.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
A line set ticket as basically
the build sheet for the vehicle.

42:36.166 --> 42:37.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
They would use those

42:37.266 --> 42:41.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to set the line of okay,
they know on March 18th

42:41.100 --> 42:44.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
they're going to build so many
travelers with blue interiors

42:44.466 --> 42:48.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and 345 engines or six cylinder
engines or whatever it was.

42:48.966 --> 42:50.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And they would have
all those parts

42:50.266 --> 42:52.233 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
on the line
at the right stations

42:52.233 --> 42:53.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
so that when that vehicle

42:53.833 --> 42:55.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
rolled down the line,
that VIN number,

42:55.766 --> 42:57.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
all those parts would be there
and they used the line

42:57.800 --> 43:00.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
setting tickets
to set all that up.

43:00.600 --> 43:03.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Each assembly worker
had to constantly perform

43:03.333 --> 43:04.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
with precision timing.

43:04.933 --> 43:08.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
One truck after another,
about 3 minutes apart.

43:08.166 --> 43:09.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You had to get your job done
when it

43:09.966 --> 43:12.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
come in to the next station.

43:12.200 --> 43:14.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
You have a certain pace
you got to be on.

43:14.066 --> 43:17.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
So if you don't if you don't do
it, you then you're behind.

43:17.400 --> 43:19.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
That line just keeps going.
You hustled.

43:19.933 --> 43:24.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You had to keep up with that
line and it was hard work.

43:24.300 --> 43:28.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Surely after so much hustling,
there would be a point

43:28.200 --> 43:31.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
where someone could hit
the pause button and everyone

43:31.400 --> 43:34.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
could take a minute or two
to catch their breath, right?

43:34.866 --> 43:38.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
No, you never stopped the line.

43:38.233 --> 43:42.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And it had to be real critical
to shut it down.

43:42.566 --> 43:46.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
If that line stopped, a light
would come on in Chicago.

43:46.433 --> 43:49.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
They would know it right now

43:49.633 --> 43:52.066 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
and you
better have a good reason.

43:52.333 --> 43:55.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
With the line continuously
moving at a relentless pace,

43:55.600 --> 43:58.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
it was possible
for mistakes to happen.

43:58.566 --> 44:00.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
A bolt could go untightened.

44:00.333 --> 44:02.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
An unwanted option
might be added

44:02.800 --> 44:05.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
or a critical step
could be missed.

44:05.433 --> 44:08.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
It was the inspector's job
to make sure this kind of thing

44:08.966 --> 44:10.766 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
didn't go uncorrected.

44:10.766 --> 44:16.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
That assembler had a line
set ticket in about every

44:16.366 --> 44:19.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
12 jobs, you had an inspector.

44:19.300 --> 44:22.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
He checked those ten stations
on the one before

44:22.666 --> 44:24.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
against their line set ticket,

44:24.766 --> 44:27.833 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
number one
checks that it's built to order.

44:27.833 --> 44:30.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And number two,
that it's built properly.

44:30.666 --> 44:33.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And if you'd missed something,
they'd come back and

44:33.433 --> 44:34.400 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
you get in trouble.

44:34.400 --> 44:35.400 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
[laughs]

44:36.166 --> 44:39.033 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
[fiddle music]

44:39.033 --> 44:39.966 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
By the end of

44:39.966 --> 44:44.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
1963, over 1 million trucks
had rolled off

44:44.033 --> 44:47.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
the assembly line of the Fort
Wayne Works.

44:47.133 --> 44:48.866 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
International had established

44:48.866 --> 44:52.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
a reputation for building
reliable heavy duty trucks,

44:52.333 --> 44:55.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and they sustained brand loyalty
by getting input

44:55.366 --> 44:56.400 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
from their customers

44:56.400 --> 44:59.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and letting their dealers
take custom orders.

44:59.733 --> 45:01.533 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
And they did
very well out at it.

45:01.533 --> 45:03.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
They made some nice stuff.

45:03.600 --> 45:05.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
They had some beautiful products

45:05.300 --> 45:07.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and they sold millions of them.

45:07.766 --> 45:10.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
We were always proud
to sell one of those trucks

45:10.200 --> 45:11.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and sell it to a customer.

45:11.566 --> 45:14.700 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
And yeah,
they had their fair share of,

45:14.700 --> 45:16.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
you know, normal things
that would go wrong with them.

45:16.900 --> 45:19.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
But they were put together
very well.

45:19.333 --> 45:22.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Commercial sales were the bulk
of the heavy duty truck orders.

45:22.266 --> 45:25.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
With America selling
and moving more goods than ever.

45:25.566 --> 45:28.200 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Over-the-road
trucking was big business.

45:28.200 --> 45:30.866 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
In the 1960s and 70s.

45:30.866 --> 45:33.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Harvester was winning
huge orders

45:33.033 --> 45:35.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
from major trucking companies.

45:35.066 --> 45:37.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
They were Fleet Truck Company.

45:37.233 --> 45:39.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
You had your big carriers.

45:39.633 --> 45:41.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
You had Schneider.
You had North American.

45:41.066 --> 45:46.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
You had Ryder, Feld,
Saunders leasing.

45:46.166 --> 45:49.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
That was the heart of
International Harvester, 

45:49.066 --> 45:50.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
right there. Them
guys kept the lights

45:50.500 --> 45:51.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
on at International Harverster.

45:51.966 --> 45:56.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Fort Wayne was the heavy duty
truck plant for International

45:56.100 --> 45:57.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and Springfield
was the light duty.

45:57.500 --> 46:00.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The pickups, the Travelalls,
that sort of thing

46:00.466 --> 46:01.533 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
were down there.

46:01.533 --> 46:02.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I get around Fort

46:02.466 --> 46:04.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Wayne down there
and I would use drool

46:04.400 --> 46:06.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because that was the truck
capital of the world

46:06.833 --> 46:08.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and International, in
my opinion, is

46:08.333 --> 46:09.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
the best truck ever built.

46:09.733 --> 46:13.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Fort Wayne was the heavy duty
truck capital of the world

46:13.733 --> 46:17.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
simply because we were building
the most heavy duty trucks.

46:17.000 --> 46:21.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
We were producing
205 of heavy duty trucks a day.

46:22.033 --> 46:26.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Most any heavy duty truck
plant in the world ever did.

46:26.500 --> 46:28.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
One of the bestselling
types of trucks

46:28.333 --> 46:31.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
being manufactured in Fort
Wayne were C-O-Es,

46:31.400 --> 46:35.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
which stood for Cab Over
Engine, also called cabovers.

46:35.833 --> 46:39.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We were the king of cabover
engine trucks,

46:39.100 --> 46:41.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
so we had a number
of different models on the road.

46:41.766 --> 46:43.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Four years in a row
during the sixties,

46:43.700 --> 46:44.933 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
we were the sales leader.

46:44.933 --> 46:48.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Cabover is an engine
that has the cab sitting on top

46:48.633 --> 46:51.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
of the engine rather than having
a hood out the front.

46:51.666 --> 46:54.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
In the sixties we were building
all those cabover trucks

46:54.766 --> 46:56.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because of the government
length laws.

46:56.533 --> 46:59.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
We had a 55 foot
length law back then.

46:59.166 --> 47:00.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
There was an overall length
of the truck.

47:00.466 --> 47:03.133 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
So the smaller
the cab, the longer the trailer,

47:03.133 --> 47:05.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the more things you could haul,
the more money would make.

47:05.200 --> 47:08.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The advantage was you can pull
as long a trailer as possible.

47:08.500 --> 47:10.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Disadvantage is theyre

47:10.033 --> 47:14.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
more uncomfortable, harder
riding, more expensive to build.

47:14.266 --> 47:15.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Internationals reign

47:15.566 --> 47:18.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
as the cabover kings
would eventually come to an end

47:18.933 --> 47:22.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
once the federal truck length
laws were relaxed.

47:22.233 --> 47:23.333 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
In the seventies,

47:23.333 --> 47:25.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
they finally lengthened
the things out

47:25.666 --> 47:27.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
so you can have a truck
with a hood out front.

47:27.966 --> 47:29.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
And that made a big shift

47:29.300 --> 47:30.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
in production plans

47:30.566 --> 47:33.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
because you had to make more
of those rather than the C-Os,

47:33.866 --> 47:40.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
which, well, finally completely
died by about the year 2000.

47:40.066 --> 47:41.800 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

47:42.333 --> 47:45.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
In addition to the cabover
and conventional over-the-road

47:45.333 --> 47:48.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
semi-trucks, an International
heavy duty truck

47:48.433 --> 47:52.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
chassis could be customized
and adapted for many purposes,

47:52.000 --> 47:56.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
including dump trucks, wreckers,
school busses and fire trucks.

47:56.933 --> 47:59.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Sometimes a business would need
to have a truck custom

47:59.566 --> 48:02.500 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
engineered
to fulfill a specific purpose.

48:02.500 --> 48:05.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
This was a job for the Special
Equipment department.

48:05.966 --> 48:09.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
We would engineer
whatever the customer wanted.

48:09.000 --> 48:11.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
We worked on sold truck orders

48:11.900 --> 48:15.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
that was not regular production.

48:15.333 --> 48:18.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
They wanted something on a truck
that was special,

48:18.800 --> 48:21.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and that's why we were called
special equipment,

48:21.500 --> 48:23.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
different fuel tanks,
different things

48:23.500 --> 48:26.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
mounted on different parts
of the chassis.

48:26.266 --> 48:29.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It came to our group and we
designed it and engineered it.

48:29.666 --> 48:31.900 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Big ones
were some of the oilfield

48:31.900 --> 48:35.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and Arabian desert models
specifically built for that.

48:35.366 --> 48:36.233 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Here at Fort Wayne

48:36.633 --> 48:40.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that was their biggest specialty
was the enormous trucks built

48:40.233 --> 48:44.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
for the oilfields and a lot of
them were based on the Paystar,

48:44.000 --> 48:47.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
which was our super
severe duty truck.

48:47.266 --> 48:51.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Those trucks were special
from front to rear.

48:51.466 --> 48:55.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Some of the chassis
were exploration chassis.

48:55.933 --> 48:57.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
They were called thumper
chassis.

48:57.966 --> 49:01.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They would thump the ground
and they would take a reading.

49:01.966 --> 49:07.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They had huge wheels and tires
on them so they could do that.

49:07.066 --> 49:09.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It's like it's 80
feet long and two stories high.

49:09.500 --> 49:11.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Those were just incredible
trucks,

49:11.166 --> 49:13.166 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
custom engineered, obviously.

49:13.666 --> 49:14.866 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
All the styling for

49:14.866 --> 49:18.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
all the International trucks 
came out of this facility.

49:18.033 --> 49:21.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Engineers often designed
and drafted parts.

49:21.200 --> 49:25.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
But another important
area of design is styling.

49:25.200 --> 49:27.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Styling combines
elements of esthetics

49:27.366 --> 49:28.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
with function to make the truck

49:28.766 --> 49:30.566 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
more appealing
to the end customer.

49:30.566 --> 49:33.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
In general, the truck industry
is conservative.

49:33.233 --> 49:36.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Of course, International
probably was in many respects.

49:36.400 --> 49:39.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
At the same time the design
business is supposed to reach.

49:39.700 --> 49:41.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
So it was always
sort of tension.

49:41.900 --> 49:44.566 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
What they do,
they try to make manufacturable

49:44.900 --> 49:45.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
You pretty much
you have to have an idea

49:45.966 --> 49:47.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
of what's reasonable
when you start.

49:47.666 --> 49:49.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Practicality is everything.

49:49.433 --> 49:52.533 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
A truck
has to work. It has to last.

49:52.533 --> 49:55.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You sure don't want to design
anything that gets in the way of

49:55.300 --> 49:55.966 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
a function.

49:56.400 --> 49:59.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
You want uh, to assist
function wherever you can.

49:59.966 --> 50:04.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I think styling and design
are critical to truck sales.

50:04.900 --> 50:07.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Just like engineering
and testing a truck was a long,

50:07.900 --> 50:09.500 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
arduous process.

50:09.500 --> 50:13.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Styling involved a lot of trial
and error as well.

50:13.833 --> 50:16.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
You generally work on
more than one project at a time,

50:16.733 --> 50:18.000 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
and in a year's time

50:18.000 --> 50:18.433 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
you've worked

50:19.166 --> 50:21.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
on 20 different things or so
and you always want to see

50:21.500 --> 50:24.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
all of them succeed
and really very few of them do.

50:24.466 --> 50:26.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Once the two-dimensional 

50:26.200 --> 50:28.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
drawings for a body
styling design were approved,

50:28.966 --> 50:31.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
it was time to take it
to the third dimension.

50:32.233 --> 50:35.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
There were stylists
and there were sculptors,

50:35.933 --> 50:40.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and the stylists do the pretty
drawings of the trucks,

50:40.600 --> 50:44.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and then they give those
drawings to the sculpting staff.

50:44.366 --> 50:45.866 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
And we just kind of interpret

50:45.866 --> 50:47.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that into a three
dimensional form.

50:47.933 --> 50:50.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
We started with a regular full
sized clay model.

50:50.600 --> 50:53.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They didn't do very many scale
models at Harvester.

50:53.400 --> 50:54.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Trucks are huge, right?

50:54.800 --> 50:57.166 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
I would say
thousands of pounds of clay,

50:57.166 --> 51:00.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
but the clay is only
maybe three inches thick.

51:00.333 --> 51:03.400 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Underneath
that is a big buck we called it.

51:03.400 --> 51:06.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Thats made out of wood
with styrofoam on the outside.

51:06.966 --> 51:08.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
It's very easily carved.

51:08.600 --> 51:10.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
So you can put any shape on
there you want.

51:10.566 --> 51:14.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You can change it as many times
as you want to, which happens

51:14.266 --> 51:14.966 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5%
daily.

51:14.966 --> 51:16.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
The design changes over time.

51:16.800 --> 51:20.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I mean, it takes a good year
or so to get this all refined.

51:20.966 --> 51:23.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
So you're always coming in
every day and tweaking.

51:23.500 --> 51:27.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They'll come in there and say,
Well, I don't like where that

51:27.400 --> 51:28.633 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
line is on the side.

51:28.633 --> 51:30.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Can you move that a little bit?

51:30.333 --> 51:33.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Or the swoop and the fender
doesn't look right.

51:33.300 --> 51:34.633 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Can we change that?

51:34.633 --> 51:37.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The goal was to make
the full sized clay model

51:37.333 --> 51:40.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
look just like a real painted
metal vehicle.

51:40.366 --> 51:42.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
But the clay couldn't be painted
directly.

51:42.833 --> 51:44.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The clay models,
they would use a thing

51:44.733 --> 51:48.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
called DI-NOC,
which is very close to a decal.

51:48.066 --> 51:50.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
So I would paint that and
then they put it on the vehicle.

51:50.966 --> 51:52.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
You bring it back
and you put it in water

51:52.800 --> 51:54.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
just like you would put a decal

51:54.266 --> 51:56.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
on a model airplane
or something.

51:56.733 --> 51:57.766 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
When that's finished,

51:57.766 --> 52:00.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
you come in and if you have
chrome on the car,

52:00.633 --> 52:05.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
you take regular tinfoil
and you put it right on the clay

52:05.100 --> 52:07.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and you squeegee that on
and smooth it out.

52:07.600 --> 52:09.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
When it's finished

52:09.166 --> 52:12.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It looks just like the vehicle
that you want it to be.

52:13.100 --> 52:15.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Another high point in Harvester
styling came

52:15.200 --> 52:19.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
with the addition of Detroit
stylist Ted Ornas in the 1950s.

52:19.600 --> 52:23.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Ted had done a number of things,
including some contract jobs

52:23.100 --> 52:24.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
for International,

52:24.333 --> 52:26.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and he was just about ready
to give up the whole business.

52:26.733 --> 52:28.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Things were going down the tubes

52:28.200 --> 52:30.133 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and he wasn't
having any kind of luck at all.

52:30.133 --> 52:31.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And he got a call
from International

52:31.800 --> 52:33.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that of all things
they had decided

52:33.600 --> 52:38.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to have an internal design staff
and wanted him to run it.

52:38.900 --> 52:41.466 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

52:41.466 --> 52:43.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Ted Ornas
is credited with the styling

52:43.666 --> 52:45.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
for one of the most significant

52:45.333 --> 52:48.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
International Harvester product
lines of the 20th century.

52:48.933 --> 52:52.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The Scout, a lightweight,
nimble, four wheel drive,

52:52.500 --> 52:55.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
all purpose vehicle, came about
from desire to compete against

52:55.966 --> 53:00.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
one of the most famous names
in off-road vehicles: Jeep.

53:00.600 --> 53:03.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The origins of the Scout
start with a trip

53:03.566 --> 53:06.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that a bunch of executives
made out west.

53:06.966 --> 53:10.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
They saw way too many Jeeps
doing things

53:10.133 --> 53:13.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that they thought International
Harvester vehicles could do.

53:13.566 --> 53:17.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The original concept was to add
a compact

53:17.200 --> 53:19.566 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
light
truck to their light truck line.

53:19.566 --> 53:20.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
it was going to be really cheap.

53:20.400 --> 53:21.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
That's
where the legendary Ted Ornas

53:21.766 --> 53:23.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
kitchen table design comes from.

53:24.200 --> 53:27.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So that vehicle that he drew
in that kitchen table drawing

53:27.600 --> 53:29.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
when evening after work,

53:29.566 --> 53:31.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
he showed that around
to the executives

53:31.833 --> 53:35.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and got the first kind of smiles
and positive

53:35.700 --> 53:38.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
feedback that he had gotten
from the project so far.

53:38.800 --> 53:39.533 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
steel body development.

53:39.533 --> 53:41.300 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
It was 1958.

53:41.300 --> 53:42.000 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
The design

53:42.533 --> 53:45.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
for the new all purpose vehicle
finally had the green light.

53:45.900 --> 53:49.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
To accommodate the production
of the new model line,

53:49.066 --> 53:50.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
International Harvester

53:50.400 --> 53:54.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
purchased a 500,000 square foot
factory from U.S.

53:54.166 --> 53:55.700 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Rubber Corporation.

53:55.700 --> 53:58.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The former World War II
production facility

53:58.500 --> 54:01.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
had been used by Studebaker
for making engine parts

54:01.566 --> 54:04.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
for the B-17 Flying Fortress
and was located

54:04.800 --> 54:07.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
very near to the Fort
Wayne Works.

54:07.733 --> 54:11.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Ornas had started the styling
process for Scout in 1958

54:11.966 --> 54:14.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and the Fort Wayne Works
engineers were able

54:14.233 --> 54:18.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to make the Scout factory ready
in only two years.

54:18.033 --> 54:19.166 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
The first Scout

54:19.166 --> 54:23.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
rolled off the assembly line
on December 1st, 1960.

54:24.033 --> 54:27.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Vehicles bearing the Scout name
arrived at International

54:27.100 --> 54:30.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Harvester dealers
as early as 1961.

54:30.400 --> 54:33.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The public received
the new vehicles with open arms.

54:33.500 --> 54:37.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Orders quickly outpaced
production despite building

54:37.100 --> 54:40.100 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
over 28,000 in 1961.

54:40.433 --> 54:43.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Scouts were backordered
pretty much for the first year.

54:43.666 --> 54:46.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
They were always behind that
first year order

54:46.600 --> 54:50.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
versus production.
Scout was an unexpected

54:50.266 --> 54:51.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
phenomena to International.

54:51.933 --> 54:53.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
One factor that led to

54:53.266 --> 54:56.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
the success of the Scout
was its widespread appeal.

54:56.833 --> 55:00.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Due to the variety of uses
and multiple configurations,

55:00.566 --> 55:02.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
it was able to span the gap

55:02.133 --> 55:06.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
between work utility and sport
utility vehicle.

55:06.400 --> 55:09.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Farmers and businesses found it
well suited as a rugged work

55:09.933 --> 55:11.333 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
vehicle, but it could

55:11.333 --> 55:15.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
also be used for camping,
fishing and exploring.

55:15.100 --> 55:15.966 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
What's more,

55:16.300 --> 55:19.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
it could be used as an everyday
personal vehicle as well.

55:20.033 --> 55:22.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It's a bunch of things.
It's an off road vehicle.

55:22.766 --> 55:25.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
It's a suburban grocery getter.

55:25.966 --> 55:27.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
It's a race truck.

55:27.433 --> 55:30.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It's so many different things
and so flexible.

55:30.733 --> 55:32.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Even on our first brochure
for the Scout,

55:32.966 --> 55:35.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
we show like five different
configurations.

55:35.400 --> 55:39.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It's just an incredibly
distinctive product that's

55:39.200 --> 55:41.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
known all over the world.

55:41.766 --> 55:43.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
I tell people who I work for,
I say Navistar,

55:43.466 --> 55:45.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and nobody knows who
Navistar is.

55:45.233 --> 55:48.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I say, Oh, it's the old
International Harvester Company.

55:48.866 --> 55:52.400 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And right away
they know two names.

55:52.400 --> 55:56.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They know Farmall tractors
and they know the Scout.

55:56.633 --> 55:59.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
It's incredible, the following.

56:00.033 --> 56:01.600 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

56:01.600 --> 56:04.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The Scout was opening doors
to new customer bases

56:04.700 --> 56:08.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that International Harvester
hadn't tapped into before:

56:08.233 --> 56:11.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
recreational users
and suburban families.

56:11.900 --> 56:14.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
They were transitioning from
a purely commercial vehicle,

56:14.800 --> 56:17.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
which was what it was
originally intended to be,

56:17.766 --> 56:22.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to a kind of a mass market
or civilian vehicle,

56:22.133 --> 56:23.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
if you want to use that term,

56:23.466 --> 56:26.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
where people used it
maybe as a second car,

56:26.200 --> 56:28.833 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
but certainly
as a recreational vehicle.

56:28.833 --> 56:31.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Most people couldn't
afford to own a vehicle

56:31.700 --> 56:33.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
that would just
go playing in the mud

56:33.966 --> 56:36.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The accommodations
of the first Scout built

56:36.366 --> 56:39.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in 1961 were indeed
Spartan.

56:40.200 --> 56:43.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This first generation was called
the Scout 80.

56:44.200 --> 56:47.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
At the time it came out,
it was a few steps ahead of

56:47.233 --> 56:50.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the Jeep in the short wheelbase
utility vehicle market.

56:50.100 --> 56:52.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It was more comfortable,
more weather tight.

56:53.000 --> 56:54.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and they had a little bit
more style.

56:54.000 --> 56:55.666 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
They weren't as boxy.

56:55.666 --> 56:59.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The original Scout
was configured to be

56:59.566 --> 57:01.166 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
built in three different ways.

57:01.166 --> 57:02.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
You could have a roadster,

57:02.566 --> 57:04.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
you didn't have doors,
you didn't have a top.

57:04.500 --> 57:06.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
They had a fold down windshield.

57:06.233 --> 57:08.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The base configuration, though,
for a Scout

57:08.866 --> 57:10.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
was what they called a cab top.

57:10.733 --> 57:13.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
A cab top was a pickup.
Basically.

57:13.100 --> 57:14.733 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
It had a removable top.

57:14.733 --> 57:16.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It had a fixed bulkhead
behind the seats.

57:16.633 --> 57:19.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You know a pickup, you have to 
have some way to divide

57:19.400 --> 57:21.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the passenger compartment
from the cargo compartment.

57:21.566 --> 57:22.100 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5%
Right?

57:22.500 --> 57:23.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The third configuration
was what they call

57:23.900 --> 57:25.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
the travel top originally,

57:25.566 --> 57:28.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
just the means to cover
the load area.

57:28.866 --> 57:29.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
They fooled around with

57:29.900 --> 57:31.966 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
some ideas
to put rear seats back there,

57:31.966 --> 57:34.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
but they realized
that wasn't going to cut it.

57:34.000 --> 57:36.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
They need to make a station
wagon out of the Scout

57:36.866 --> 57:41.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
because their original picture
for the Scout was a light pickup

57:41.333 --> 57:43.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and they thought that the market

57:43.200 --> 57:46.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
was going to buy a lot of
two wheel drive versions of it.

57:46.733 --> 57:48.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Well, people were ordering

57:48.666 --> 57:51.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
four wheel drives
with the travel top,

57:51.133 --> 57:54.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
which was their name
for the full length top.

57:54.366 --> 57:56.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
They had to scramble
and redesign the body

57:56.600 --> 57:59.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
so that it would have what they
called a walk through feature.

57:59.600 --> 58:03.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Could be configured as a station
wagon or as a pickup.

58:03.166 --> 58:06.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
All the tops were removable,
so if you bought a cab top,

58:06.333 --> 58:08.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
you could easily change it out
for whatever.

58:08.600 --> 58:12.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
In 1963, the Fort Wayne Works
reached a milestone

58:12.800 --> 58:17.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
of producing 1 million trucks
over a 40 year time span.

58:17.433 --> 58:22.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
In 1964, the Scout reached
the 100,000 mark

58:22.366 --> 58:25.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
after only three
full years of production.

58:25.466 --> 58:27.166 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

58:27.433 --> 58:30.133 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
[swanky music]

58:30.133 --> 58:31.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
The Styling Department was

58:31.733 --> 58:35.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
given the task
of making the Scout more upscale

58:35.000 --> 58:38.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
by revamping the interiors
with posh features

58:38.000 --> 58:41.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and adding a bit of bling
to the external appearance.

58:41.266 --> 58:45.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
63, there was a lot of big
changes in the Scout 80

58:45.000 --> 58:47.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that moved it up
the comfort food chain.

58:47.233 --> 58:50.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And then in 1964,
they took a giant leap

58:50.600 --> 58:53.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
with the Red Carpet series
Scout.

58:53.633 --> 58:54.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
That was the first time

58:54.933 --> 58:56.033 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
the Scout had been offered

58:56.033 --> 58:59.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
with anything close
to comfort and style.

58:59.700 --> 59:01.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
When the Scout first come out,
there wasn't anything

59:01.200 --> 59:04.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
like it on the market
and was bought up by a lot of

59:04.266 --> 59:07.600 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
women,
had their say in owning a Scout.

59:07.600 --> 59:11.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
I sold Scouts to women, too,
that thoroughly enjoyed them,

59:11.300 --> 59:12.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and that's what they wanted.

59:12.533 --> 59:15.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
While the vehicle certainly
appealed to the general public,

59:15.700 --> 59:19.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
it wasn't always sold at a place
the average person would go to

59:19.200 --> 59:21.066 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
to shop for a family car.

59:21.066 --> 59:23.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
International Harvester
sold most of their stuff

59:23.633 --> 59:28.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
out of either truck dealers
or farm equipment dealers.

59:28.266 --> 59:30.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
You had to go to a farm
equipment dealer

59:30.000 --> 59:31.066 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
to look at a Scout.

59:31.066 --> 59:33.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You had to go to a truck dealer
to look at a Scout.

59:33.533 --> 59:37.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
That would really,
really hinder them

59:37.066 --> 59:39.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
the whole way through
the production of the Scout.

59:39.100 --> 59:40.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
[engine accelerating]

59:41.333 --> 59:44.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Even though the customer
had to go the extra mile to find

59:44.133 --> 59:48.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
a Scout dealer, the demand
for the Scout remained strong.

59:48.433 --> 59:51.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
responded to the shift in buyer

59:51.366 --> 59:54.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
demographics by introducing
the new and improved

59:54.566 --> 59:58.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Scout 800 to the masses in 1966.

59:58.666 --> 01:00:00.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
They needed to tame
the Scout down,

01:00:00.766 --> 01:00:02.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
turn it into
less of a commercial vehicle

01:00:02.600 --> 01:00:05.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and more of a mass market
or consumer vehicle.

01:00:05.700 --> 01:00:08.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
That's primarily
what they addressed with the 800

01:00:08.333 --> 01:00:12.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
was making it more comfortable,
more quiet, more stylish. 

01:00:12.766 --> 01:00:16.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
1966 was a record breaking year
for the International Harvester

01:00:16.766 --> 01:00:22.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Truck Division, producing over
175,000 trucks in the U.S.A.

01:00:22.033 --> 01:00:24.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The ever increasing
Scout production

01:00:24.100 --> 01:00:27.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
helped to push the Fort
Wayne Works to a new record

01:00:27.566 --> 01:00:32.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
with 65,999 total vehicles.

01:00:32.200 --> 01:00:35.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
International Harvester updated
its operations in Springfield,

01:00:35.866 --> 01:00:37.200 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Ohio, with the opening

01:00:37.200 --> 01:00:40.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
of a brand new factory
with more capacity to produce

01:00:40.366 --> 01:00:44.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
pickups, Travelalls, and medium
duty trucks.

01:00:44.233 --> 01:00:47.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
1966 also brought
some heavyweight

01:00:47.266 --> 01:00:50.400 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
competition
into the ring against the Scout.

01:00:50.400 --> 01:00:55.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The Ford Motor Company rolled
out their new SUV, the Bronco.

01:00:55.400 --> 01:00:58.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The Bronco immediately took a
big chunk of their market share.

01:00:59.066 --> 01:01:01.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I mean, they were doing okay
prior to that.

01:01:01.200 --> 01:01:03.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They were selling really well
against the Jeep.

01:01:03.566 --> 01:01:04.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
But then the Bronco came along

01:01:04.900 --> 01:01:06.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and, of course, Ford
Motor Company,

01:01:06.833 --> 01:01:08.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
they could build more vehicles
in a day

01:01:08.766 --> 01:01:11.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
than International
could build in a year.

01:01:11.166 --> 01:01:13.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
The Fort Wayne
Works engineers were working

01:01:13.866 --> 01:01:17.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
diligently to modify
the Scout 800.

01:01:17.000 --> 01:01:19.800 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Meanwhile,
Chevrolet jumped into the SUV

01:01:19.800 --> 01:01:23.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
market with the Blazer in 1969.

01:01:23.100 --> 01:01:26.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Once again, this put pressure
on International Harvester

01:01:26.700 --> 01:01:29.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
to step up its game
to stay in the competition.

01:01:29.866 --> 01:01:34.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The answer was the Scout II,
introduced in 1971.

01:01:34.833 --> 01:01:38.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The 800 line was lagging behind
the rest of the competition

01:01:38.133 --> 01:01:38.700 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
and the Scout

01:01:39.333 --> 01:01:41.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
II put it right on an even
keel with everything out there.

01:01:41.833 --> 01:01:45.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Not only did they have a larger,
more stylish body

01:01:45.266 --> 01:01:46.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
that had a lot more room in it,

01:01:46.633 --> 01:01:48.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
it was easier
to get in and out of.

01:01:48.700 --> 01:01:50.500 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
It was much quieter.

01:01:50.500 --> 01:01:51.866 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
It was much safer.

01:01:51.866 --> 01:01:55.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It was much more capable
of being a second car

01:01:55.166 --> 01:01:56.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
than the previous generation.

01:01:56.466 --> 01:02:00.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Plus, they had powertrain parity
with everybody.

01:02:00.466 --> 01:02:02.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
being able to haul more,
go faster.

01:02:02.966 --> 01:02:04.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They'd never had air
conditioning

01:02:04.100 --> 01:02:05.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in the Scout prior
to the Scout II.

01:02:05.433 --> 01:02:06.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
They didn't have power

01:02:06.433 --> 01:02:08.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
steering in the Scout prior
to the Scout II.

01:02:09.500 --> 01:02:11.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The improvements
introduced in the Scout II gave

01:02:11.333 --> 01:02:14.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
the SUV an even broader appeal.

01:02:14.366 --> 01:02:18.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Collectors like Sam Elliott
still seek out restore and drive

01:02:18.966 --> 01:02:24.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
this iconic vehicle more than 50
years after its introduction.

01:02:24.300 --> 01:02:24.800 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
The Scout

01:02:25.166 --> 01:02:28.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
II, disc Brakes and power
steering.

01:02:28.233 --> 01:02:34.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It was so much easier to drive
and just a better truck.

01:02:34.066 --> 01:02:36.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
after you have a Scout II

01:02:36.700 --> 01:02:39.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
it's hard to go back
to a regular old Scout.

01:02:39.400 --> 01:02:41.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It was a big jump ahead for them
and it put them on equal

01:02:41.633 --> 01:02:43.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
footing with basically
everybody building

01:02:43.766 --> 01:02:45.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
SUVs at that moment in time.

01:02:45.666 --> 01:02:48.900 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:02:48.900 --> 01:02:52.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It wasn't long before the
competition on the sales floors

01:02:52.166 --> 01:02:55.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
spilled over onto the dirt
roads of the desert.

01:02:55.633 --> 01:02:58.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Four wheel drive enthusiasts
wanted to see how their vehicles

01:02:58.800 --> 01:03:01.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
stacked up against their rivals.

01:03:01.200 --> 01:03:04.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
That spirit of competition
spawned one of the most extreme

01:03:04.800 --> 01:03:06.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
endurance races known to man.

01:03:06.966 --> 01:03:08.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It's an intense thing.

01:03:08.166 --> 01:03:10.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
If you're running the Baja 1000.

01:03:10.700 --> 01:03:13.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It's a week of grueling
punishment.

01:03:13.433 --> 01:03:18.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Out West when they had Baja,
That was blood.

01:03:18.866 --> 01:03:21.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
They were after money.

01:03:21.533 --> 01:03:24.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The first of these desert
racing warriors to drive

01:03:24.566 --> 01:03:27.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
a Scout in the Baja 1000 and win

01:03:27.600 --> 01:03:31.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
was Jimmy Jones in 1972,

01:03:31.666 --> 01:03:34.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It wasn't just the pros
that were having all the fun.

01:03:34.766 --> 01:03:38.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Four wheel racing clubs were
popular all across the nation.

01:03:38.933 --> 01:03:40.033 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
The Fort Wayne Works

01:03:40.033 --> 01:03:43.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
guys put together a team
to show their Scout pride.

01:03:43.733 --> 01:03:47.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
We formed a club, the Fort
Wayne Four Wheel Drive Club.

01:03:47.100 --> 01:03:51.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We bought one of the in fact,
it was one of the pre-production

01:03:51.466 --> 01:03:55.566 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
mock ups
that was used in development.

01:03:55.566 --> 01:03:56.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And they were done with that,
bought

01:03:56.833 --> 01:03:59.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
that and built it into a racer.

01:03:59.166 --> 01:04:03.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And we started racing
with that one first.

01:04:03.266 --> 01:04:04.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And then a couple of others
were built

01:04:04.800 --> 01:04:06.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
over the years after that.

01:04:06.200 --> 01:04:10.533 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
Even in
the stock class, they were

01:04:10.533 --> 01:04:11.733 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
the ones to beat.

01:04:11.733 --> 01:04:15.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We were still in stock class
with the allowed modifications

01:04:15.900 --> 01:04:18.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
we had, but we'd upgrade so

01:04:18.000 --> 01:04:20.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
three people could drive it
in a racing weekend.

01:04:20.866 --> 01:04:24.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And we often were competitive
in every class.

01:04:24.466 --> 01:04:27.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
I got to meet some of the guys
that did it and it was the hot

01:04:27.433 --> 01:04:31.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
dog, beer-drinking fun time

01:04:31.466 --> 01:04:33.566 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
and they werent

01:04:33.566 --> 01:04:38.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
they were competitive because
they're racing Jeeps, but

01:04:38.300 --> 01:04:40.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
these guys were doing it for fun

01:04:40.566 --> 01:04:42.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
just to kick dirt
in that guy's face.

01:04:42.966 --> 01:04:47.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The Scout was well suited
for the racing environment

01:04:47.100 --> 01:04:51.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
because we could do quite well
compared to most other people.

01:04:51.366 --> 01:04:56.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And having a having a couple
of engine engineers involved.

01:04:56.700 --> 01:04:59.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
We had a real well-running
engine

01:04:59.333 --> 01:05:04.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and we were competitive
with most of the rest of the

01:05:04.600 --> 01:05:06.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Jeeps and
Broncos and everything else.

01:05:06.866 --> 01:05:08.866 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
[rock music]

01:05:08.866 --> 01:05:12.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The Scouts stepped
into the world spotlight in 1976

01:05:12.033 --> 01:05:14.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
when International supplied
the U.S.

01:05:14.100 --> 01:05:16.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Olympic ski team
with their official vehicles

01:05:16.533 --> 01:05:19.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
for the Winter Olympics
in Innsbruck, Austria.

01:05:19.966 --> 01:05:22.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
This was also the year
for the bicentennial

01:05:22.533 --> 01:05:23.900 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
of the United States.

01:05:23.900 --> 01:05:27.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It was a good opportunity
to show the American flag

01:05:27.166 --> 01:05:30.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and get International
involved in the Olympics.

01:05:30.433 --> 01:05:33.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
So they developed
a bicentennial-themed Scout

01:05:33.600 --> 01:05:37.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
for the Olympic team,
and they built 17 of them.

01:05:37.866 --> 01:05:42.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
They were 76 model years,
but they were built in 75.

01:05:42.166 --> 01:05:46.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
In 1975, the US was facing
a recession that was coupled

01:05:46.766 --> 01:05:50.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
with fuel shortages
caused by an OPEC oil embargo.

01:05:50.733 --> 01:05:52.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Gas prices skyrocketed

01:05:52.700 --> 01:05:56.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and Americans were looking for
more fuel-efficient vehicles.

01:05:56.166 --> 01:05:59.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This contributed to Harvesters
decision to discontinue

01:05:59.633 --> 01:06:03.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
its light line of gas-guzzling
Travelalls and pickup trucks

01:06:03.733 --> 01:06:07.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
being made in Springfield;
some of the medium duty truck

01:06:07.266 --> 01:06:09.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
production was transferred
away from Fort Wayne

01:06:09.900 --> 01:06:12.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
to take advantage
of the excess capacity

01:06:12.333 --> 01:06:14.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
in the newer Ohio factory.

01:06:14.466 --> 01:06:18.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Although International Harvester
was a public corporation,

01:06:18.100 --> 01:06:21.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
its top management seemed more
like a family business run

01:06:21.766 --> 01:06:24.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
by successive generations
of McCormicks

01:06:24.233 --> 01:06:26.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
through most of the 20th
century.

01:06:26.733 --> 01:06:30.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
In 1977 CEO Brooks McCormick,

01:06:30.933 --> 01:06:34.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the great-grandnephew
of Cyrus McCormick, decided

01:06:34.366 --> 01:06:35.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
the company needed fresh

01:06:35.633 --> 01:06:38.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
thinking leadership
to propel the company forward.

01:06:38.933 --> 01:06:44.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
In 1977, Harvester hired Archie
McCardell away from Xerox

01:06:44.733 --> 01:06:47.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
to come to Chicago
and to run the company.

01:06:47.566 --> 01:06:52.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Brooks McCormick recognized
big changes had to be made.

01:06:52.033 --> 01:06:52.933 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
I don't think he

01:06:53.166 --> 01:06:56.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
had the heart to do them,
which is why he resigned.

01:06:56.133 --> 01:06:58.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And they brought in Archie
McCardell

01:06:58.100 --> 01:07:00.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
given instructions
to make some changes.

01:07:00.800 --> 01:07:04.666 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
He was paid
the sum of $460,000 a year

01:07:04.666 --> 01:07:08.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and given a $1.5 million
signing bonus.

01:07:08.533 --> 01:07:13.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This was unheard of money back
then and made him among the few

01:07:13.133 --> 01:07:17.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
highest paid public company
executives in the United States.

01:07:17.100 --> 01:07:20.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
This fact was not lost
on the rank and file

01:07:20.400 --> 01:07:23.700 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and the UAW
when contract time came around.

01:07:23.933 --> 01:07:25.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Two years later,

01:07:25.000 --> 01:07:28.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
McCardell started by having
International Harvester

01:07:28.166 --> 01:07:29.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
department heads identify

01:07:29.600 --> 01:07:32.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ways to make cost-saving changes
to their budgets.

01:07:32.733 --> 01:07:34.300 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
This resulted in an increase

01:07:34.300 --> 01:07:37.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
in corporate profitability
in 1979.

01:07:37.466 --> 01:07:42.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Employment at Fort Wayne
is at a record-high 10,500.

01:07:42.600 --> 01:07:45.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The stage was set for a battle
when McCardell

01:07:45.300 --> 01:07:48.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
turned his cost-cutting scissors
to one of the companys

01:07:48.133 --> 01:07:52.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
largest expenditures
the labor contract with the UAW.

01:07:53.066 --> 01:07:57.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Theyd always had a tenuous
relationship with the company.

01:07:57.300 --> 01:08:01.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
On August 9th of 1979,
Archie McCardell and Hank

01:08:01.900 --> 01:08:06.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Crandall, his second in command
at the time, met with Pat

01:08:06.066 --> 01:08:10.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Greathouse from the UAW to start
working on the new contract.

01:08:10.666 --> 01:08:11.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I think the board

01:08:11.966 --> 01:08:15.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
had full knowledge of what
they were going to demand.

01:08:15.433 --> 01:08:18.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
You know, they wanted to get
some concessions from the union.

01:08:18.733 --> 01:08:21.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Union wasn't going to do it.

01:08:21.100 --> 01:08:22.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
So the two heads butted.

01:08:22.866 --> 01:08:26.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It didn't take long
for negotiations to break down.

01:08:26.333 --> 01:08:26.700 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
In fact,

01:08:27.566 --> 01:08:31.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
they hardly got started when
a week later, on August 12th,

01:08:31.000 --> 01:08:32.100 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
it was announced that

01:08:32.100 --> 01:08:35.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
they'd had the best quarter
that they'd had in years

01:08:35.133 --> 01:08:37.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and the highest profit
they'd had in years.

01:08:37.500 --> 01:08:42.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And here they were demanding
quite a number of concessions

01:08:42.033 --> 01:08:45.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
from the workers,
and it just didn't fit together.

01:08:45.166 --> 01:08:47.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
He had some justification
in wanting to negotiate

01:08:47.900 --> 01:08:49.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
better terms with the UAW,

01:08:49.800 --> 01:08:53.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and that was probably
a good idea as far as, you know,

01:08:53.233 --> 01:08:57.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
saving the company or at least
bleeding a little less red ink.

01:08:57.300 --> 01:08:59.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
But his timing was horrible.

01:08:59.400 --> 01:09:02.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It was a game of chicken
and neither side blinked.

01:09:02.066 --> 01:09:04.666 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Negotiations
between labor and management

01:09:04.666 --> 01:09:08.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
historically have involved
some level of brinkmanship.

01:09:08.100 --> 01:09:11.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Eventually, demands
and differences are mediated

01:09:11.166 --> 01:09:15.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
down to an agreement consisting
of compromises from both sides.

01:09:15.366 --> 01:09:19.166 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
This time
however, Harvester and the UAW

01:09:19.166 --> 01:09:22.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
were so far apart
on their demands that both sides

01:09:22.666 --> 01:09:25.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
ended up walking away
from the bargaining table.

01:09:25.800 --> 01:09:28.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
We met two full days, Tuesday
and Wednesday,

01:09:28.000 --> 01:09:28.566 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
and the company

01:09:28.933 --> 01:09:30.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
failed to resolve
any of the local issues

01:09:30.666 --> 01:09:32.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
or a single grievance.

01:09:32.300 --> 01:09:34.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The company left Thursday
morning stating

01:09:34.033 --> 01:09:35.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
there would be no more meetings.

01:09:35.700 --> 01:09:38.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The news of a possible strike
went out Thursday afternoon

01:09:38.666 --> 01:09:42.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to Fort Wayne Harvester workers
from UAW Local 57.

01:09:42.533 --> 01:09:46.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
A walkout would idle
8000 of the 10,000 workers here.

01:09:46.233 --> 01:09:49.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The remaining 2000
are nonunion personnel,

01:09:49.100 --> 01:09:51.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and they would be expected
to report to work.

01:09:51.633 --> 01:09:55.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The UAW was in no mood to bend
to the demands of Archie

01:09:55.366 --> 01:09:56.800 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
McCardell and Company.

01:09:56.800 --> 01:10:00.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
On November 1st of 1979,
they went out on strike.

01:10:00.466 --> 01:10:02.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
They walked out at noon.

01:10:02.666 --> 01:10:04.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Minutes after workers
filed out of the Harvester

01:10:04.900 --> 01:10:06.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
plant, picket signs were up.

01:10:06.633 --> 01:10:09.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
‘course, all these guys got out,
dropped their

01:10:09.766 --> 01:10:12.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
lunch boxes out there
and started a picket line

01:10:12.733 --> 01:10:14.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
right there in front of that

01:10:14.100 --> 01:10:17.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
main gate between the tower
and the branch building.

01:10:17.433 --> 01:10:21.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Well, unbelievably,
it was an executive

01:10:21.100 --> 01:10:23.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
there on so-called mahogany row.

01:10:23.800 --> 01:10:25.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
And and hed come up to me.

01:10:25.333 --> 01:10:28.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
‘Jim, you got all this union
relations background.

01:10:28.200 --> 01:10:29.266 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
You got more than anybody.

01:10:29.266 --> 01:10:32.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Go out down there and break up
that line.

01:10:32.366 --> 01:10:35.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
I said, ‘They
have a legal right to picket.

01:10:35.333 --> 01:10:37.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
There's nothing wrong with it.

01:10:37.033 --> 01:10:38.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
They're totally legal. 

01:10:38.466 --> 01:10:41.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The specific details
of a contract negotiation

01:10:41.566 --> 01:10:44.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
were always kept private
until it could be presented

01:10:44.600 --> 01:10:48.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to the entire UAW membership
for ratification.

01:10:48.233 --> 01:10:51.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Some issues were known but 
others could only 

01:10:51.166 --> 01:10:52.766 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
be speculated on.

01:10:52.766 --> 01:10:55.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
But the unions out there

01:10:55.666 --> 01:10:58.700 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
and they
knew of a couple of issues.

01:10:58.700 --> 01:11:00.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Let's say three issues.

01:11:00.333 --> 01:11:02.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
They didn't know the top
ten issues.

01:11:02.733 --> 01:11:06.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
They didn't know
the other 47 issues.

01:11:06.400 --> 01:11:09.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
So they're out there blind
wondering why they're on strike.

01:11:09.200 --> 01:11:14.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Management, I'm talking foremen,
all the way to the top,

01:11:14.000 --> 01:11:18.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
did not know why
we let them go on strike.

01:11:18.233 --> 01:11:21.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Management did not know
what the company was after.

01:11:21.500 --> 01:11:25.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
When contract negotiations
stalled, UAW members

01:11:25.233 --> 01:11:30.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
directed their anger toward one
person, Archie McCardell.

01:11:30.500 --> 01:11:34.400 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
That sentiment
still lingers more than 45 years

01:11:34.400 --> 01:11:35.600 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
after the strike.

01:11:35.600 --> 01:11:36.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
What do you think
was the reason

01:11:36.633 --> 01:11:37.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
for the breakdown
in negotiations?

01:11:37.966 --> 01:11:41.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Well, I think it was the main
fault was Archie McCardell.

01:11:41.400 --> 01:11:43.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
He wanted to break the union.

01:11:43.933 --> 01:11:46.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
He was like a hatchet man.

01:11:46.000 --> 01:11:50.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The board said they wanted
to take care of the UAW,

01:11:50.233 --> 01:11:50.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
get rid of them.

01:11:51.466 --> 01:11:55.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
My thought he was the downfall
of the lot, but the economy

01:11:55.733 --> 01:11:58.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and everything else
also entered into that also.

01:11:58.033 --> 01:12:01.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
During 1980,
we were having the recession,

01:12:01.633 --> 01:12:04.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
which many economists felt
was the worst recession

01:12:04.733 --> 01:12:06.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
since after World War Two.

01:12:06.466 --> 01:12:07.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Interest rates were 17%,
unemployment was 10.9%,

01:12:07.700 --> 01:12:10.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
They took out massive bank loans
to keep the cash flow going,

01:12:10.833 --> 01:12:14.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and it was the beginning
of the end for the company

01:12:14.633 --> 01:12:18.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
As Harvester braced itself
to weather the economic storm,

01:12:18.433 --> 01:12:22.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
UAW workers in Fort
Wayne piled up firewood,

01:12:22.033 --> 01:12:24.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
hoping to keep warm in the long
winter months

01:12:24.700 --> 01:12:27.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
during the strike, well aware,

01:12:27.000 --> 01:12:27.833 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
they, too,

01:12:28.200 --> 01:12:31.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
were in the same economic storm
without their main source

01:12:31.700 --> 01:12:32.533 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
of income.

01:12:32.533 --> 01:12:34.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
If you hadn't prepared for it,

01:12:34.633 --> 01:12:37.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
you were going to be in trouble
financially.

01:12:37.500 --> 01:12:38.100 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
At the local

01:12:38.733 --> 01:12:42.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
57 union hall, members were now
signing up for picket duty.

01:12:42.166 --> 01:12:43.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Sign it right here.

01:12:43.133 --> 01:12:45.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Bring that card back
when you walk, picket

01:12:45.166 --> 01:12:47.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and to collect your benefits
check.

01:12:47.033 --> 01:12:49.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
We had to walk the picket line.

01:12:49.533 --> 01:12:51.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
They give certain days,

01:12:51.366 --> 01:12:53.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
you know,
we had to come up and do it.

01:12:53.500 --> 01:12:56.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It was cold, wintery,
and just kept warm.

01:12:56.800 --> 01:12:58.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
It's not a good feeling

01:12:58.500 --> 01:13:01.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
because you don't know
when you're going back.

01:13:01.100 --> 01:13:03.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The only one got hurt
was the company

01:13:03.033 --> 01:13:06.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
because the union, you know,
they stood together and

01:13:06.300 --> 01:13:09.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
fought them hard, you know,
for what they believed in.

01:13:09.833 --> 01:13:11.000 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
We wouldn't break.

01:13:11.000 --> 01:13:14.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
They would be on strike for 172

01:13:14.000 --> 01:13:17.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
days, just shy of a little over
six months.

01:13:17.433 --> 01:13:19.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
I was glad when it was over.

01:13:19.600 --> 01:13:22.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The strike ended on April 20,
1980,

01:13:22.933 --> 01:13:26.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
after UAW members
ratified the new contract.

01:13:26.533 --> 01:13:29.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The strike had depleted
the savings of many workers

01:13:29.533 --> 01:13:32.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and the company
had sunken deeper into debt.

01:13:32.533 --> 01:13:36.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Over the next six years,
International Harvester

01:13:36.033 --> 01:13:39.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
would post consecutive
annual losses totaling

01:13:39.200 --> 01:13:42.400 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
$3.4 billion.

01:13:42.600 --> 01:13:46.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The big thing was it brought to
light the shortage of capital.

01:13:46.066 --> 01:13:48.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The strike ended
because International

01:13:48.133 --> 01:13:50.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Harvester was out of money.

01:13:50.366 --> 01:13:52.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
A lot of people want to say
it was Archies fault.

01:13:52.733 --> 01:13:54.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I think he was,
he was brought in

01:13:54.600 --> 01:13:58.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
to try to save a sinking ship
and couldn't quite do it.

01:13:58.266 --> 01:14:00.800 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:14:01.500 --> 01:14:02.400 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
That sinking

01:14:02.400 --> 01:14:05.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
feeling persisted
into the next decade.

01:14:05.566 --> 01:14:08.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
By 1980, International Harvester

01:14:08.466 --> 01:14:12.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
was besieged with difficulties
on every side.

01:14:12.333 --> 01:14:13.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
The company was still limping

01:14:13.666 --> 01:14:16.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
from the effects
of the prolonged strike.

01:14:16.233 --> 01:14:19.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
The US economy
was in a recession and sagging

01:14:19.200 --> 01:14:23.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
sales of the Scout line
due to these external factors

01:14:23.100 --> 01:14:25.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
were making it
look more like a liability

01:14:25.700 --> 01:14:29.300 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
than an asset
to the top brass in Chicago.

01:14:29.300 --> 01:14:30.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
The gas crunch had really hurt.

01:14:30.533 --> 01:14:31.566 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
That hurt

01:14:31.566 --> 01:14:34.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
the entire auto industry,
cut into their profits

01:14:34.300 --> 01:14:36.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
because they had to adapt
to fuel economy standards.

01:14:36.766 --> 01:14:38.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
They had to adapt to an emission
standard.

01:14:38.933 --> 01:14:43.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They didn't renew the emission
certification for the Scout.

01:14:43.500 --> 01:14:46.566 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Emissions
testing is so expensive

01:14:46.566 --> 01:14:50.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
because engine testing
and development is so expensive.

01:14:50.366 --> 01:14:54.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And so if you have to come out
with a new engine to meet

01:14:54.100 --> 01:14:58.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
the regulation, the emissions
regulation, it's expensive

01:14:58.500 --> 01:15:01.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and you need to have a lot of
volume to spread that expense.

01:15:01.666 --> 01:15:02.700 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
We didn't have the volume

01:15:02.900 --> 01:15:06.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
of engines to amortize the cost
of all the development work

01:15:06.566 --> 01:15:07.000 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
for that.

01:15:07.233 --> 01:15:08.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
We went on for a few years,

01:15:08.466 --> 01:15:08.900 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
but again,

01:15:09.333 --> 01:15:10.766 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
it got to
the practical realization

01:15:10.766 --> 01:15:11.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
that if you're not building

01:15:11.800 --> 01:15:14.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
thousands of them
a day, only hundreds a day,

01:15:14.533 --> 01:15:17.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
it gets very difficult
to sustain that continuing

01:15:17.533 --> 01:15:19.133 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
compliance cost.

01:15:19.133 --> 01:15:23.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Harvester was drowning in debt
and desperately in need of cash.

01:15:23.700 --> 01:15:28.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Perhaps if they could get
someone to buy the Scout line

01:15:28.033 --> 01:15:32.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
instead of ending production,
it would be a win-win.

01:15:32.100 --> 01:15:35.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
They needed a hero to ride in
on a white horse and save

01:15:35.800 --> 01:15:36.766 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
the day.

01:15:36.766 --> 01:15:38.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Ed Russell was an entrepreneur.

01:15:38.533 --> 01:15:40.366 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
He came from the Midwest.

01:15:40.366 --> 01:15:42.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
There's nothing more Texas
than a midwesterner

01:15:42.900 --> 01:15:44.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that transplants himself
to Texas.

01:15:44.733 --> 01:15:46.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
He had the big cowboy hats,

01:15:46.200 --> 01:15:48.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
boots, the shirts,
the whole bit.

01:15:48.066 --> 01:15:48.200 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Russell had built

01:15:48.766 --> 01:15:49.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
But while the strike was going

01:15:50.033 --> 01:15:53.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
on, I don't know exactly what
was happening behind the scenes,

01:15:53.100 --> 01:15:56.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
but they decided to offer
the Scout division up

01:15:56.133 --> 01:15:59.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
for sale, that maybe
somebody would buy it.

01:15:59.466 --> 01:16:00.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And I don't know
whether they had

01:16:00.933 --> 01:16:02.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Ed Russell in mind from the
get go

01:16:02.966 --> 01:16:06.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
or he was just the first person
to stand up and say,

01:16:06.300 --> 01:16:08.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
you know, I'm interested.

01:16:08.466 --> 01:16:11.400 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
So he put
together a consortium of people

01:16:11.400 --> 01:16:12.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
from the Fort Wayne area

01:16:12.800 --> 01:16:16.433 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and allegedly
Steyr-Puch in Austria 

01:16:16.433 --> 01:16:17.766 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
was going
to be involved in it.

01:16:17.766 --> 01:16:21.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And they were going to buy
the Scout name.

01:16:21.100 --> 01:16:23.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
They were going to lease
the factory.

01:16:23.333 --> 01:16:24.066 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
On October

01:16:24.566 --> 01:16:27.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
8th, International Harvester
announced they were terminating

01:16:27.633 --> 01:16:29.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
their agreement with the Texas

01:16:29.066 --> 01:16:33.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
investor due to a failure
of certifying financing.

01:16:33.133 --> 01:16:35.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
And as a result, it would cease

01:16:35.066 --> 01:16:38.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
production of the Scout line
on October 21st.

01:16:38.833 --> 01:16:40.900 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
Workers
had only a couple of weeks

01:16:40.900 --> 01:16:43.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
before their jobs would end.

01:16:43.300 --> 01:16:48.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It was just moving
ahead and boom, the end.

01:16:48.100 --> 01:16:50.300 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
[ominous music]

01:16:50.300 --> 01:16:52.366 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Several
factors appear to have been

01:16:52.366 --> 01:16:55.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
involved in the decision,
but perhaps the biggest

01:16:55.766 --> 01:17:00.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
was International Harvesters
corporate financial problems.

01:17:00.266 --> 01:17:01.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
The company was out of money.

01:17:01.900 --> 01:17:07.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The projects we had in spring of
1980 were ranked

01:17:07.166 --> 01:17:10.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and the most profitable
ones were chosen.

01:17:10.933 --> 01:17:13.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
There was enough money
to do the first two projects,

01:17:13.433 --> 01:17:15.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and the Scout came in
number three.

01:17:15.600 --> 01:17:18.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I don't think the company wanted
to save the Scout.

01:17:18.066 --> 01:17:20.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I don't think International
Harvester really wanted it.

01:17:20.000 --> 01:17:21.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
There were elements

01:17:21.433 --> 01:17:22.700 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
within the Scout division

01:17:22.700 --> 01:17:24.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that certainly wanted
to save Scout,

01:17:24.366 --> 01:17:25.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
and I think they had a pretty

01:17:25.566 --> 01:17:27.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
good business plan
with the save Scout,

01:17:27.600 --> 01:17:29.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and I think that business plan
wouldve worked.

01:17:29.300 --> 01:17:30.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
But I think International
Harvester

01:17:30.833 --> 01:17:31.600 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
made up their minds

01:17:31.933 --> 01:17:35.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
pretty early on that
they wanted to end the Scout.

01:17:35.033 --> 01:17:37.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
The decision
culminated with the final Scout

01:17:37.633 --> 01:17:41.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
rolling off the factory
floor on October 21st, 1980.

01:17:41.966 --> 01:17:45.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
There was no cheering
or hooting and hollering.

01:17:45.633 --> 01:17:50.000 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Everybody
was their chin was down and

01:17:50.000 --> 01:17:51.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
there was no tears.

01:17:51.166 --> 01:17:55.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
But it was a very emotional day.

01:17:55.300 --> 01:17:58.233 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
It was very, very sad day.

01:17:58.233 --> 01:18:01.300 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
It just

01:18:01.300 --> 01:18:02.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
brings tears to your eyes.

01:18:02.666 --> 01:18:06.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I mean, not just the pride,
but people losing their jobs.

01:18:06.300 --> 01:18:10.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I think the number was 464,
if I recall correctly, that lost

01:18:10.500 --> 01:18:13.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
their jobs as a direct result
of the Scout going away.

01:18:13.833 --> 01:18:18.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
When I got five years in,
I figured I had a job for life,

01:18:18.900 --> 01:18:22.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
but the economy and the way

01:18:22.333 --> 01:18:25.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
things went and company...

01:18:25.433 --> 01:18:27.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
When all was said and done.

01:18:27.833 --> 01:18:32.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
532,674 Scouts had been produced

01:18:32.433 --> 01:18:36.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in Fort Wayne from 1960
through 1980.

01:18:36.633 --> 01:18:39.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The story came full circle
in 2023

01:18:39.666 --> 01:18:42.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
at a Harvester
Homecoming event in Fort Wayne,

01:18:42.700 --> 01:18:46.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
when the freshly restored first
Scout produced was displayed

01:18:46.933 --> 01:18:51.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
side by side with the last Scout
to roll off the assembly line.

01:18:52.233 --> 01:19:01.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
[upbeat funk rock music]

01:19:01.600 --> 01:19:03.366 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
The Scout remains a

01:19:03.366 --> 01:19:06.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
highly collectible vehicle
all over the world.

01:19:06.500 --> 01:19:10.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Even today, more than 40 years
after the last one was made,

01:19:10.833 --> 01:19:14.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Scout enthusiasts
gather at a variety of events

01:19:14.200 --> 01:19:17.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
like this one in Fort Wayne
to display their restored

01:19:17.200 --> 01:19:21.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
vehicles, swap stories,
and celebrate the Scout.

01:19:21.400 --> 01:19:24.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And a lot of it is the people,
the people that own them.

01:19:24.800 --> 01:19:28.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I put on a show and go to shows
across the country

01:19:28.300 --> 01:19:32.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and talk to the owners,
and it's kind of a family.

01:19:32.466 --> 01:19:36.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
A lot of people know me
by that truck.

01:19:36.200 --> 01:19:38.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
They might not be all fancy
and smooth riding,

01:19:38.900 --> 01:19:42.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
but it is built
rugged to take the punishment.

01:19:42.533 --> 01:19:44.200 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I love the vehicle.

01:19:44.200 --> 01:19:47.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I started collecting Scouts
in early seventies.

01:19:47.866 --> 01:19:51.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The first one was a 61,
and it wasn't fast,

01:19:51.566 --> 01:19:55.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
but it was a lot of fun
When the roads were bad,

01:19:55.233 --> 01:19:58.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
you get down the road with it
in four wheel drive.

01:19:58.833 --> 01:20:01.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
You can get anywhere
you want in bad weather

01:20:01.466 --> 01:20:04.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and that Scout had saved
our lives a couple times.

01:20:04.800 --> 01:20:08.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
In the winter
we pull the sled behind it.

01:20:08.800 --> 01:20:11.333 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
In 1978,
I ordered a brand new Scout, and

01:20:11.333 --> 01:20:15.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
my name was on the windshield
when it went down the line.

01:20:15.566 --> 01:20:17.533 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
I had two Scouts of my own.

01:20:17.533 --> 01:20:21.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The first one in 72,
I walked the line with it

01:20:21.633 --> 01:20:22.833 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
while it was built.

01:20:22.833 --> 01:20:25.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
I've owned three Scouts.

01:20:25.300 --> 01:20:25.933 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
How many do I have?

01:20:26.533 --> 01:20:27.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
How many of you
owned over the whole...

01:20:27.366 --> 01:20:30.000 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
Oh, my gosh.

01:20:30.000 --> 01:20:33.066 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
I thought I counted 27 or 8.

01:20:33.666 --> 01:20:36.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Another thing that makes
the Scout so collectible

01:20:36.366 --> 01:20:40.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
is the relatively small number
of units produced.

01:20:40.133 --> 01:20:41.233 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
They're rare.

01:20:41.233 --> 01:20:44.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
You only built 550,000 of those.

01:20:44.200 --> 01:20:48.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So, for example, a 69 Camaro
is something I used to be into.

01:20:48.666 --> 01:20:51.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Well, they built 500,000
of those in one year. 

01:20:51.866 --> 01:20:56.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It brings me back to a younger
George Kirkham.

01:20:56.233 --> 01:20:58.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
A little bit of a

01:20:58.666 --> 01:21:01.166 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
young, impressionable salesman

01:21:01.166 --> 01:21:04.266 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
and it's

01:21:04.266 --> 01:21:05.200 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
a history lesson.

01:21:05.200 --> 01:21:06.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Driving them every day,

01:21:06.466 --> 01:21:09.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
every time I get in one, it's
a history lesson.

01:21:09.100 --> 01:21:11.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Yes. They're not as refined
as your modern day

01:21:11.500 --> 01:21:13.866 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Suburban
or whatever that I drive.

01:21:13.866 --> 01:21:15.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
But that's the
way things were back then.

01:21:15.833 --> 01:21:19.233 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:21:19.233 --> 01:21:21.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
[melancholy music]

01:21:21.466 --> 01:21:25.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Terminating the Scout line
in 1980, barely moved the needle

01:21:25.566 --> 01:21:28.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
in terms of bringing Harvester
back towards profitability.

01:21:28.833 --> 01:21:33.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Even though its truck sales
worldwide were a hefty 3.3

01:21:33.000 --> 01:21:36.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
billion dollars the truck
division barely managed to break

01:21:36.833 --> 01:21:38.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
even with expenses.

01:21:38.133 --> 01:21:41.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Internationals
flagship agricultural equipment

01:21:41.233 --> 01:21:44.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
group reported
a 30 million dollar loss

01:21:44.000 --> 01:21:45.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and the struggling construction

01:21:45.566 --> 01:21:49.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
equipment business
posted a 23 million dollar loss.

01:21:49.566 --> 01:21:51.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
We continue
to make more and more sales

01:21:51.866 --> 01:21:54.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and we continue
to make less and less profit.

01:21:54.933 --> 01:21:58.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Our sales were good
and our profits were terrible.

01:21:58.266 --> 01:22:01.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
In December of 1981,
Archie McCardell

01:22:01.600 --> 01:22:03.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and the board were able
to work out

01:22:03.366 --> 01:22:06.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
a deal with the companys
nearly 200 creditors

01:22:06.633 --> 01:22:11.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to restructure its crushing
4.2 Billion dollars of debt.

01:22:11.900 --> 01:22:15.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This refinancing deal
was seen as a temporary reprieve

01:22:15.666 --> 01:22:20.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to keep the industrial giant
from filing for bankruptcy.

01:22:20.000 --> 01:22:21.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Back at the Fort Wayne works,

01:22:21.733 --> 01:22:24.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
only 5,000 employees
remained on the job

01:22:24.833 --> 01:22:30.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
compared to the 10,500 workers
employed before the strike.

01:22:30.966 --> 01:22:31.800 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
The city of Fort

01:22:32.033 --> 01:22:36.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Wayne was suffering,
with a jobless rate of 11%.

01:22:36.633 --> 01:22:39.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
1982 would also be Archie
McCardells

01:22:39.300 --> 01:22:42.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
second contract negotiations
with the UAW.

01:22:42.800 --> 01:22:46.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
His argument for 100 million
dollars in concessions

01:22:46.200 --> 01:22:49.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
from the union, seemed stronger
than ever against the grim

01:22:49.833 --> 01:22:51.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
economic backdrop.

01:22:51.166 --> 01:22:52.600 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
At this point

01:22:52.600 --> 01:22:53.600 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
it was looking like

01:22:53.600 --> 01:22:56.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the future of the entire company
was in doubt.

01:22:56.733 --> 01:23:00.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Perhaps it was this realization
that their very livelihoods

01:23:00.766 --> 01:23:01.600 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
were at stake,

01:23:01.866 --> 01:23:05.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that brought the UAW back
to the bargaining table.

01:23:05.100 --> 01:23:09.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The average union employee
made $12.35 an hour,

01:23:09.300 --> 01:23:14.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
compared to a minimum
wage of $3.35 at the time.

01:23:14.333 --> 01:23:16.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
A deepening recession
was keeping unemployment

01:23:16.966 --> 01:23:18.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
levels in double digits.

01:23:18.900 --> 01:23:24.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It was no time to be on strike
or much worse looking for work.

01:23:24.533 --> 01:23:25.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Times were tough.

01:23:25.566 --> 01:23:28.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
You couldn't get a job at Ford
Motor Company,

01:23:28.500 --> 01:23:31.100 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Chrysler or GM.

01:23:31.100 --> 01:23:33.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Everybody was laid off.

01:23:33.466 --> 01:23:37.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
McCardell and Harvester
had the upper hand this time.

01:23:37.533 --> 01:23:41.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
On May 2nd, 1982, UAW members

01:23:41.033 --> 01:23:45.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
ratified a new 29-month contract
that included an astounding

01:23:45.633 --> 01:23:49.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
200 million dollars
in contract concessions.

01:23:49.833 --> 01:23:53.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The next day, it was announced
that Archie McCardell

01:23:53.766 --> 01:23:56.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and International Harvester
were parting ways.

01:23:56.733 --> 01:24:00.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Louis Menk replaced him
as chairman of the board and Don

01:24:00.500 --> 01:24:04.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Lennox became the new president
and chief operating officer.

01:24:04.233 --> 01:24:05.433 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
Back in March,

01:24:05.433 --> 01:24:08.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Harvester had sent telegrams
to the government leadership

01:24:08.333 --> 01:24:10.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
in both Fort
Wayne and Springfield

01:24:10.433 --> 01:24:13.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
asking the cities
to put together aid packages

01:24:13.300 --> 01:24:17.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to help keep the manufacturing
facilities in their towns open.

01:24:17.533 --> 01:24:18.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I'm Karl Bandemer.

01:24:18.766 --> 01:24:22.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I was the economic development
director under Mayor Win Moses.

01:24:22.433 --> 01:24:25.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
When Harvester announced
that it was liable to leave,

01:24:25.000 --> 01:24:27.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that that really elevated
the concern.

01:24:27.466 --> 01:24:30.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The mayors office held meetings
with the local Harvester

01:24:30.300 --> 01:24:31.733 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
executives to assess

01:24:31.733 --> 01:24:36.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
what they could do to retain
Fort Waynes largest employer.

01:24:36.366 --> 01:24:41.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Clearly, Harvesters main needs
are cold cash that there's

01:24:41.100 --> 01:24:45.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
very little in the way
of of deferred obligations or

01:24:45.666 --> 01:24:46.266 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
guaranteed

01:24:46.866 --> 01:24:49.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
loans that are going to be
of significant benefit to them.

01:24:49.600 --> 01:24:52.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
City, county and state officials
went to Chicago this morning

01:24:52.766 --> 01:24:55.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to talk with officials
of International Harvester

01:24:55.200 --> 01:24:56.766 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
about a financial assistance

01:24:56.766 --> 01:24:59.166 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
proposal
to keep this plant afloat.

01:24:59.166 --> 01:25:00.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
When the government delegation

01:25:00.500 --> 01:25:03.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
returned from their meeting
with Harvester executives.

01:25:03.133 --> 01:25:07.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
A press conference was held
outside of the factory to reveal

01:25:07.000 --> 01:25:10.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
details of the 20 million dollar
incentive package.

01:25:11.100 --> 01:25:14.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
All seemed to be going well
until International Harvester

01:25:14.500 --> 01:25:19.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
made a bombshell announcement
on July 29th 1982.

01:25:19.200 --> 01:25:20.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
The company would be

01:25:20.300 --> 01:25:23.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
consolidating its truck
manufacturing facilities

01:25:23.400 --> 01:25:27.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
from 3 factories
in North America to just two.

01:25:27.966 --> 01:25:31.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The three factories involved
were Chatham Ontario,

01:25:31.800 --> 01:25:34.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Springfield Ohio,

01:25:34.966 --> 01:25:37.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
and Fort Wayne Indiana.

01:25:37.800 --> 01:25:40.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It soon became apparent
that the Canadian facility

01:25:40.766 --> 01:25:42.233 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
would remain open.

01:25:42.233 --> 01:25:43.000 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
This meant

01:25:43.366 --> 01:25:47.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
either Springfield or Fort
Wayne would have to close.

01:25:47.000 --> 01:25:50.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Fort Wayne was now in a fight
to keep their crown

01:25:50.633 --> 01:25:54.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
as Heavy Duty Truck
Capital of the World.

01:25:55.166 --> 01:25:58.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I truly believe they have
not made up their mind. Mr.

01:25:58.200 --> 01:26:01.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Dean Stanley, who's head of
engineering group, talked to Mr.

01:26:01.633 --> 01:26:03.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Menk,and
he point blank asked them,

01:26:03.900 --> 01:26:05.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Are you going to close Fort
Wayne?

01:26:05.900 --> 01:26:07.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And his response
was, It's an option.

01:26:07.633 --> 01:26:08.733 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
That kind of set

01:26:08.733 --> 01:26:11.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
this whole competition
in motion.”

01:26:11.233 --> 01:26:15.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We knew that we were going to
have to step up and figure out

01:26:15.000 --> 01:26:17.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
how we were going to influence
Harvesters decision.

01:26:18.766 --> 01:26:22.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Fort Wayne Mayor Win Moses
spearheaded the effort

01:26:22.133 --> 01:26:23.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
to convince those in state

01:26:23.833 --> 01:26:26.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and county government
and the local business community

01:26:26.833 --> 01:26:29.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that giving public assistance
to a private company

01:26:29.900 --> 01:26:32.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
was in everyones best interest.

01:26:32.333 --> 01:26:35.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Given the number of of Harvester
employees here.

01:26:35.366 --> 01:26:37.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
If they were out of a job,

01:26:37.733 --> 01:26:38.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
that means they weren't

01:26:38.633 --> 01:26:40.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
going to be able
to shop in your stores.

01:26:40.666 --> 01:26:43.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Chances are they weren't being
made their mortgage payment.

01:26:43.133 --> 01:26:46.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
There was going to be
a huge impact beyond

01:26:46.300 --> 01:26:49.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
just the fact
that Harvester might shut down.

01:26:49.666 --> 01:26:53.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
So you need to get on board here
and, you know, work with us

01:26:53.500 --> 01:26:57.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to try to save Harvester
and keep them here in the city.

01:26:57.533 --> 01:27:00.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The Fort Wayne community
responded to the cause by making

01:27:00.733 --> 01:27:04.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
pleas to state officials,
holding rallies downtown,

01:27:04.466 --> 01:27:05.900 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
and filling sandbags

01:27:05.900 --> 01:27:07.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
with letters
to show their support

01:27:07.833 --> 01:27:10.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
for keeping Harvester
jobs in the city.

01:27:11.000 --> 01:27:13.266 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Community
and state leaders in Springfield

01:27:13.266 --> 01:27:16.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Ohio were working
just as hard to convince

01:27:16.033 --> 01:27:18.366 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Harvester
to stay in their community.

01:27:19.200 --> 01:27:23.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The two communities
locked in a contest for survival

01:27:23.266 --> 01:27:27.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
caught the attention of
struggling Americans everywhere.

01:27:27.433 --> 01:27:29.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
This competition
got national attention.

01:27:29.266 --> 01:27:30.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It was front page
on <i>The New York</i>

01:27:30.866 --> 01:27:32.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
<i>Times</i>, <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>.

01:27:32.366 --> 01:27:33.333 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
This morning,

01:27:33.333 --> 01:27:35.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Harvester employees
in Fort Wayne, Indiana,

01:27:35.666 --> 01:27:38.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
went to work wondering
whether theirs will be that one.

01:27:38.800 --> 01:27:41.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
In the past two years, these men
who make trucks have watched

01:27:41.833 --> 01:27:46.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
their assembly line shrink
from 10000 to 4000 workers.

01:27:46.533 --> 01:27:49.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Harvester used to be the number
one employer in Fort Wayne.

01:27:49.733 --> 01:27:52.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This big old building used to be
a place you could rely on.

01:27:52.800 --> 01:27:55.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Used to come in and figure, Hey,
you was going to stay here

01:27:55.833 --> 01:27:57.533 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and here.
Probably get your time in.

01:27:57.533 --> 01:27:59.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
If you live to be 65,
you could retire.

01:27:59.666 --> 01:28:01.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
But now you just come in, figure

01:28:01.466 --> 01:28:03.866 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
maybe
you'll get through the day.

01:28:03.866 --> 01:28:05.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Maybe you'll get
sent home at noon.

01:28:05.766 --> 01:28:06.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
We'd just like to know

01:28:06.833 --> 01:28:08.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
whether we've got a job
or whether we don't.

01:28:08.933 --> 01:28:10.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
It'd be terrible
if we don't have,

01:28:10.766 --> 01:28:13.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
but the dread of not knowing
is even worse than knowing.

01:28:14.033 --> 01:28:16.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
You really didn't
know where corporate was.

01:28:16.033 --> 01:28:17.433 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
They said
they didn't have a preference,

01:28:17.433 --> 01:28:18.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
it was just going to be

01:28:18.966 --> 01:28:21.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
who's going to put together
the best package.

01:28:21.133 --> 01:28:23.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Offers were presented
to the top management

01:28:23.433 --> 01:28:24.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
at International Corporate

01:28:24.666 --> 01:28:27.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
headquarters
behind closed doors in Chicago.

01:28:27.833 --> 01:28:30.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Governor Robert Orr and Lt.

01:28:30.000 --> 01:28:34.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Governor John Mutz represented
the Indiana state government.

01:28:34.000 --> 01:28:36.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The bankers were heavily
involved.

01:28:36.633 --> 01:28:39.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
At that point they were helping
us save the company.

01:28:39.966 --> 01:28:45.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And I understand they toured
both Springfield and Fort Wayne.

01:28:45.633 --> 01:28:49.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Springfield Plant was much newer
than the Fort Wayne facility,

01:28:49.466 --> 01:28:51.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
so that was probably a strike
against us.

01:28:51.666 --> 01:28:52.900 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
On the other hand,

01:28:52.900 --> 01:28:56.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
it was our understanding
that the productivity in Fort

01:28:56.100 --> 01:28:59.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Wayne was much better than the
productivity in in Springfield.

01:28:59.433 --> 01:29:01.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
So that was to our advantage.

01:29:01.200 --> 01:29:05.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Both cities were constantly
working to meet or exceed

01:29:05.000 --> 01:29:06.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
what the other was offering

01:29:06.400 --> 01:29:10.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Harvester in a high-stakes
game of one-upmanship.

01:29:10.200 --> 01:29:12.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
We're always trying
to figure out exactly

01:29:12.000 --> 01:29:13.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
what the other party
was trying to do

01:29:13.500 --> 01:29:16.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
so we could hopefully match them
or trump them.

01:29:16.166 --> 01:29:19.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The nearly nonstop effort
to bolster

01:29:19.100 --> 01:29:22.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Indiana's Harvester aid package
continues here at City Hall.

01:29:22.333 --> 01:29:25.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And with today's news
that Ohio's $30 million of

01:29:25.600 --> 01:29:28.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
aid is set to go,
the pressure is mounting.

01:29:28.600 --> 01:29:31.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
I think we're on borrowed time
right now.

01:29:31.666 --> 01:29:34.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
As soon as Ohio's package
was completed this morning

01:29:34.600 --> 01:29:37.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and that the state will have
to finalize their proposal

01:29:37.300 --> 01:29:38.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
very quickly here.

01:29:38.433 --> 01:29:39.533 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
The states addition

01:29:39.533 --> 01:29:42.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to the incentive package
will be about $4 million.

01:29:42.933 --> 01:29:46.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Additionally, Fort Wayne's five
banks have added approximately

01:29:46.433 --> 01:29:51.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
$8 million, bringing the Indiana
total to about $32 million.

01:29:51.533 --> 01:29:53.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The Ohio package stands
at 30 million.

01:29:53.433 --> 01:29:55.800 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
With summer
fading into fall.

01:29:55.800 --> 01:30:00.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It seemed optimism was fading in
Fort Wayne as well.

01:30:00.033 --> 01:30:02.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Local Harvester
workers and city officials were

01:30:02.866 --> 01:30:06.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
originally told the decision
would be made in a few weeks.

01:30:06.333 --> 01:30:10.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The waiting had now dragged on
for nearly 2 months.

01:30:10.766 --> 01:30:12.166 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Just leave.
We don't care anymore.

01:30:12.166 --> 01:30:14.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
I don't think we can say that.

01:30:14.100 --> 01:30:15.100 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
You know, maybe,

01:30:15.100 --> 01:30:16.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
maybe in the mid-sixties,

01:30:16.300 --> 01:30:18.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
when the economy was booming
and you could find

01:30:18.433 --> 01:30:20.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
other employers easily,
you could say that.

01:30:20.600 --> 01:30:23.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I think we've got to fight as
hard as we can and as long as we

01:30:23.966 --> 01:30:25.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
can to keep what we've got.

01:30:27.033 --> 01:30:29.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The anticipation was
palpable as rumors spread that

01:30:29.400 --> 01:30:33.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
may be close to a decision.

01:30:33.866 --> 01:30:35.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Can you say that
tomorrow morning,

01:30:35.666 --> 01:30:37.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
will hold a news conference

01:30:37.600 --> 01:30:39.433 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
to announce
they are moving to Springfield?

01:30:39.433 --> 01:30:42.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
No, but I would not be surprised
if tomorrow or Monday

01:30:42.833 --> 01:30:43.433 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
they would.

01:30:43.766 --> 01:30:45.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They would hold such
a news conference to

01:30:45.600 --> 01:30:48.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to announce their decision.
The decision is imminent

01:30:48.233 --> 01:30:50.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and the decision
will be unfavorable.

01:30:50.233 --> 01:30:53.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
They're going to shut down Fort
Wayne.

01:30:53.166 --> 01:30:56.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The announcement
that everyone anticipated

01:30:56.300 --> 01:31:01.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and dreaded came on September
27, 1982.

01:31:01.233 --> 01:31:04.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
will phase out

01:31:04.133 --> 01:31:07.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
truck manufacturing
in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

01:31:07.100 --> 01:31:10.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
This decision comes
as a harsh blow to thousands

01:31:10.533 --> 01:31:13.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
of individuals who work for this
major employer.

01:31:13.666 --> 01:31:15.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I am not surprised.

01:31:15.466 --> 01:31:16.866 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I am disappointed.

01:31:16.866 --> 01:31:17.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Harvester President

01:31:17.900 --> 01:31:19.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Lennox said he was impressed
with Fort Wayne's

01:31:19.900 --> 01:31:21.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
multimillion dollar
incentive package,

01:31:21.900 --> 01:31:24.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
but added money
was not the deciding issue.

01:31:24.300 --> 01:31:27.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The overwhelming advantage
was the fact

01:31:27.966 --> 01:31:31.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that the Springfield plant
is a much newer,

01:31:31.800 --> 01:31:34.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
much more cost effective plant.

01:31:34.833 --> 01:31:37.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
I guess theyre doing the best
for the company. I don't know.

01:31:37.400 --> 01:31:40.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I think they knew what they had
planned all the time.

01:31:40.200 --> 01:31:43.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Naturally a little sad 
about it.  But, 

01:31:43.066 --> 01:31:43.400 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
you get, 

01:31:44.133 --> 01:31:45.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
you have a few sad
moments in your life, you know,

01:31:45.433 --> 01:31:47.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and you just got to regroup
and go back on.

01:31:47.533 --> 01:31:48.133 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It was heartbreaking.

01:31:48.400 --> 01:31:50.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It really was To see that happen
again.

01:31:50.633 --> 01:31:52.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Oh, broke my heart.

01:31:52.300 --> 01:31:53.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
That was a big thing to me.

01:31:53.466 --> 01:31:56.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Going to Fort Wayne.
Seeing all them trucks.

01:31:56.000 --> 01:31:59.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
This tale of two cities
had ended with a winner

01:31:59.200 --> 01:32:02.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and a loser;
rejoicing and mourning.

01:32:02.933 --> 01:32:07.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
When Springfield was picked,
everybody was really happy.

01:32:07.500 --> 01:32:11.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I wish when they voted,
they voted to keep Fort Wayne.

01:32:11.500 --> 01:32:12.633 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Some of the long time

01:32:12.633 --> 01:32:15.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
employees are hoping Harvester
will hang on long enough

01:32:15.766 --> 01:32:19.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
for them to retire
In only a matter of months,

01:32:19.366 --> 01:32:21.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
over two thousand Harvester
truck

01:32:21.666 --> 01:32:25.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
factory workers would soon join
the ranks of the unemployed.

01:32:26.866 --> 01:32:29.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
With the decision
finally made, Fort

01:32:29.500 --> 01:32:31.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Wayne workers were at least able
to start

01:32:31.800 --> 01:32:34.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
preparing for the next phase
of their careers.

01:32:34.733 --> 01:32:37.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The good news is
that most of them would have

01:32:37.400 --> 01:32:40.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
several more months
of employment to count on.

01:32:40.500 --> 01:32:43.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
About 200 factory workers
would be laid off in November.

01:32:43.266 --> 01:32:45.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Another 800 will be gone
by next summer.

01:32:45.600 --> 01:32:47.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Harvester representatives
in Chicago told News

01:32:47.566 --> 01:32:50.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
15 about 1900 local workers
will not be affected

01:32:50.700 --> 01:32:51.766 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
by the phase out.

01:32:51.766 --> 01:32:53.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Those not affected divisions

01:32:53.200 --> 01:32:55.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
are the axle and transmission
plant,

01:32:55.333 --> 01:32:58.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the materials management plant,
the worldwide truck

01:32:58.066 --> 01:33:01.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
engineering center and the parts
distribution center.

01:33:01.600 --> 01:33:04.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The illusion of job security
for those departments

01:33:04.533 --> 01:33:08.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
“not affected,” would soon be
shattered as Harvester

01:33:08.100 --> 01:33:11.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
continued to make more cuts
in the months that followed.

01:33:11.733 --> 01:33:14.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
December 1st, 1982: Harvester

01:33:14.633 --> 01:33:17.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
announces it will cease
making axles and transmissions

01:33:17.933 --> 01:33:22.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
at its Fort Wayne Works
500 jobs are eliminated.

01:33:22.133 --> 01:33:25.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
April 20th, 1983:
Harvester announces

01:33:25.666 --> 01:33:29.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
it will close the Fort Wayne
Material Management Center.

01:33:29.266 --> 01:33:31.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
200 more jobs are eliminated.

01:33:31.966 --> 01:33:37.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Then in July of 1983,
a 60 year run came to a halt

01:33:37.366 --> 01:33:41.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
as the last heavy duty
truck made its way down.

01:33:41.100 --> 01:33:46.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The assembly line at the Fort
Wayne Works.

01:33:46.733 --> 01:33:53.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
As the 1,527,299th

01:33:53.300 --> 01:33:56.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Harvester truck rolled off
Fort Wayne's assembly line.

01:33:56.166 --> 01:33:58.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The reality of the shutdown
hit home

01:33:58.600 --> 01:34:01.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
when the line was stopped
and their tools set aside.

01:34:01.533 --> 01:34:04.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Employees knew
it would be for the last time.

01:34:04.666 --> 01:34:08.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
[indistinct chatter] 
its all over.

01:34:08.400 --> 01:34:11.366 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
[Whistle blows]

01:34:14.666 --> 01:34:17.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I'll never forget
it was July the 15th, 1983,

01:34:17.966 --> 01:34:22.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and it was a really very sad day
when the whistle blew

01:34:22.200 --> 01:34:23.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
for the last time.

01:34:23.433 --> 01:34:27.000 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
That was very sad.

01:34:27.000 --> 01:34:29.700 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
It was very painful.

01:34:29.700 --> 01:34:32.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
That whistle didn't
blow anymore.

01:34:32.566 --> 01:34:35.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
This would be the final day
at the Fort

01:34:35.066 --> 01:34:39.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Wayne Works for 1700 employees.

01:34:39.033 --> 01:34:41.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
We got laid off.
That was a big layoff.

01:34:41.266 --> 01:34:43.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
I was laid off for four years.

01:34:43.033 --> 01:34:45.000 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
I got laid off

01:34:45.000 --> 01:34:47.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
for six and a half years
and the big cutback happened.

01:34:47.933 --> 01:34:49.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Nine hundred employees

01:34:49.433 --> 01:34:52.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
at the Engineering Center
and the Parts Distribution

01:34:52.133 --> 01:34:54.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Center were not affected
by the plant closure

01:34:54.733 --> 01:34:56.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and would keep their jobs

01:34:56.200 --> 01:34:57.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
in Fort Wayne. 
[timeclock punch]

01:34:57.700 --> 01:35:00.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The five hundred
remaining factory workers

01:35:00.033 --> 01:35:01.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
with seniority would be able

01:35:01.733 --> 01:35:04.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
to stay on to assist
with the dismantling

01:35:04.066 --> 01:35:05.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and sale of the plant's
equipment

01:35:05.800 --> 01:35:08.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
but all of those jobs
would end by November.

01:35:08.666 --> 01:35:09.500 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
They were taking out

01:35:09.800 --> 01:35:12.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
all the machinery out
and everything was going out.

01:35:12.666 --> 01:35:14.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I mean, you begin to see
what was really was happening

01:35:14.900 --> 01:35:17.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
when the floors would begin
to look pretty empty.

01:35:17.300 --> 01:35:19.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
450 is here, 500 now, five,

01:35:19.033 --> 01:35:21.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
five and a half, six
hundred dollars [indistinct]

01:35:21.000 --> 01:35:24.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Once the factory was completely
shut down and the last tools

01:35:24.566 --> 01:35:27.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and industrial equipment
had been auctioned off,

01:35:27.566 --> 01:35:28.700 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
it was decision

01:35:28.700 --> 01:35:31.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
time for some of the workers
with the most seniority.

01:35:31.933 --> 01:35:34.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Join the thousands of Fort
Wayne job

01:35:34.066 --> 01:35:36.033 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
seekers
in the unemployment lines

01:35:36.033 --> 01:35:40.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
or transfer to the Springfield,
Ohio, factory.

01:35:40.266 --> 01:35:43.833 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
In November,
they sent a lot to office people

01:35:43.833 --> 01:35:46.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
to Springfield
that was on the list.

01:35:46.200 --> 01:35:49.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And so they got to my seniority
and I was transferred

01:35:49.600 --> 01:35:52.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
to Springfield
in November of 82.

01:35:52.900 --> 01:35:57.433 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:35:57.833 --> 01:35:59.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Union workers from Fort Wayne
had the option to “bump” a lower

01:35:59.700 --> 01:36:04.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
seniority worker
off the Springfield line.

01:36:04.800 --> 01:36:06.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
This was crucially important

01:36:06.400 --> 01:36:08.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
for the ones that were close
to retirement age

01:36:08.833 --> 01:36:11.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
who wanted to lock
in their pensions.

01:36:12.100 --> 01:36:15.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The drawback was, they would
either have to relocate,

01:36:15.633 --> 01:36:16.600 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
or make the

01:36:16.833 --> 01:36:21.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
250 mile roundtrip commute
from Fort Wayne to Springfield.

01:36:21.166 --> 01:36:22.766 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
You had to go by seniority.

01:36:22.766 --> 01:36:25.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And so actually, there was
a waiting list to get in there.

01:36:25.500 --> 01:36:28.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Finally, I was able to go back
to work in Springfield.

01:36:28.300 --> 01:36:32.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
A lot of the guys
that had 20 years,

01:36:32.366 --> 01:36:34.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
they had to go down and finish.

01:36:34.333 --> 01:36:35.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
They had to go down there.

01:36:35.900 --> 01:36:38.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Many of my friends
chose not to go to Springfield,

01:36:38.633 --> 01:36:43.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Ohio, due to families and roots
and, you know, homes and such.

01:36:44.066 --> 01:36:45.966 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I was lucky enough.

01:36:45.966 --> 01:36:48.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
I got called to Springfield

01:36:48.400 --> 01:36:51.266 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
in February of 84

01:36:51.266 --> 01:36:56.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and I'd been laid off
in July of 83.

01:36:56.133 --> 01:36:58.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
That was an exciting time,
you know, for us.

01:36:58.933 --> 01:37:01.633 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
It was a time
that you would realize

01:37:01.633 --> 01:37:04.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that it was nice
to get back to your job

01:37:04.033 --> 01:37:06.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
because you're sure
seniority would continue

01:37:06.133 --> 01:37:08.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and you were able to retire
when you got your time.

01:37:08.800 --> 01:37:11.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
In fact, I spent about 19 years

01:37:11.733 --> 01:37:15.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
after I left Fort Wayne
in the Springfield area.

01:37:15.066 --> 01:37:17.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
A lot of them went there mainly
to get there 30 years

01:37:17.700 --> 01:37:19.233 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and then came back.

01:37:19.233 --> 01:37:22.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
I was there for 20 years
and I went back

01:37:22.866 --> 01:37:26.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and forth on weekends
and lived there during the week.

01:37:27.000 --> 01:37:28.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
The bus ran every day.

01:37:28.966 --> 01:37:32.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And there was a gentleman
that had the bus, owned it.

01:37:32.333 --> 01:37:35.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
He was from Angola,
so he would drive from Angola

01:37:35.333 --> 01:37:39.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to Springfield, Ohio,
with the bus every day.

01:37:39.966 --> 01:37:44.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
And so that went on for

01:37:44.100 --> 01:37:45.600 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
easy 15 years.

01:37:45.600 --> 01:37:48.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Four buses
that held about 40 people each,

01:37:49.066 --> 01:37:51.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that made the trip
to Springfield every day

01:37:51.900 --> 01:37:55.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and took workers to work
two and a half hour drive

01:37:55.300 --> 01:37:56.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
each direction.

01:37:56.333 --> 01:38:02.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
They had to get up
like 3:00 in the morning and

01:38:02.066 --> 01:38:04.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
get home at 7:00 at night.

01:38:04.600 --> 01:38:06.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I rented a place.

01:38:06.566 --> 01:38:10.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It was really too far
to drive back and forth.

01:38:10.233 --> 01:38:14.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Some drove a car with maybe two
or three passengers,

01:38:14.300 --> 01:38:17.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
but only time I would come home

01:38:17.066 --> 01:38:22.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
would be on a Friday night,
for Saturday and Sunday.

01:38:22.333 --> 01:38:25.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
There was a lot of guys
that moved down to Springfield.

01:38:25.533 --> 01:38:26.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
There was a lot of guys
that moved down to Springfield.

01:38:26.500 --> 01:38:28.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
There was a place,
a trailer court in there

01:38:28.966 --> 01:38:31.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that it was called
Little Fort Wayne,

01:38:31.700 --> 01:38:32.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
and a lot of the guys

01:38:32.966 --> 01:38:34.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
bought trailers,
or rented the trailers there.

01:38:34.900 --> 01:38:38.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
It was like a little city
of people from Harvester.

01:38:38.266 --> 01:38:39.233 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
They used to work there.

01:38:39.500 --> 01:38:43.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
My uncle did that for years
down there, and he ended up in a

01:38:43.666 --> 01:38:48.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
trailer, him with three or four
other guys living in a trailer,

01:38:48.133 --> 01:38:49.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and then they would come back
on the weekend.

01:38:49.933 --> 01:38:52.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
But, Fort Wayne was such
a center of their lives.

01:38:52.800 --> 01:38:54.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
They had kids in high school.

01:38:54.600 --> 01:38:56.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They didn't want to leave
Fort Wayne.

01:38:56.633 --> 01:39:00.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Which under the circumstances
it wasn't the best situation

01:39:00.133 --> 01:39:03.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because a lot of the people
that used to work for for Fort

01:39:03.100 --> 01:39:03.533 align:left position:42.5% line:89% size:47.5%
Wayne

01:39:04.200 --> 01:39:06.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
actually had more seniority
than a lot of people in

01:39:06.666 --> 01:39:10.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
in Springfield.
So there was some

01:39:10.666 --> 01:39:12.166 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
situations that

01:39:12.166 --> 01:39:14.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
you found yourself
sometimes, you know, at odds

01:39:14.300 --> 01:39:15.700 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
with some of
the Springfield people

01:39:15.700 --> 01:39:18.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and then really didn't care
too much for us from Fort Wayne.

01:39:18.833 --> 01:39:22.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
It was kind of radical
at first in a lot of people

01:39:22.200 --> 01:39:25.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
in the factory
had problems with flat tires and

01:39:25.900 --> 01:39:27.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and didn't like the people there

01:39:27.400 --> 01:39:28.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
because they took away
their jobs,

01:39:28.933 --> 01:39:30.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
you know, because of seniority.

01:39:30.466 --> 01:39:32.033 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Any time somebody comes in

01:39:32.033 --> 01:39:34.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and what they call bump
you off the line,

01:39:34.533 --> 01:39:36.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
they might have seniority
from Fort Wayne

01:39:36.466 --> 01:39:39.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and they come and take your job
and you have to go

01:39:39.100 --> 01:39:42.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
do a lesser job,
which is a union thing, so.

01:39:42.300 --> 01:39:44.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
But eventually,
I think it began to the place

01:39:44.266 --> 01:39:47.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
where after a time
it begins to settle down

01:39:47.433 --> 01:39:49.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and then things begin to work
a lot better.

01:39:49.433 --> 01:39:52.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Met a lot of good friends there
in Springfield

01:39:52.033 --> 01:39:53.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and a lot of people
became friends.

01:39:53.500 --> 01:39:56.000 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
I mean, it
it worked out good in the end.

01:39:56.000 --> 01:39:57.066 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
I know a lot of people

01:39:57.066 --> 01:39:58.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that moved over here
from Fort Wayne

01:39:58.666 --> 01:40:03.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and theyre just good people,
just like Springfield people.

01:40:03.100 --> 01:40:05.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
[sad delta blues music]

01:40:05.600 --> 01:40:08.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Not everyone had jobs
waiting for them in Springfield

01:40:08.933 --> 01:40:10.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
through no fault of their own.

01:40:10.600 --> 01:40:13.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
They had been severed
from the only job

01:40:13.000 --> 01:40:14.700 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
they had ever known.

01:40:15.166 --> 01:40:16.333 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
I see no way 

01:40:16.333 --> 01:40:18.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
that we are going to

01:40:18.266 --> 01:40:20.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
bring this community

01:40:20.300 --> 01:40:23.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
back during the entire decade
of the 1980s

01:40:23.166 --> 01:40:26.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to anything resembling the level
it was in the 1970s.

01:40:26.633 --> 01:40:27.966 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
It was a blow to us.

01:40:27.966 --> 01:40:29.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I mean, it was a
it was a disappointment.

01:40:29.900 --> 01:40:32.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
But I think in many respects,
it kind of hardened our

01:40:32.533 --> 01:40:34.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
our economic development
efforts.

01:40:34.566 --> 01:40:37.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
I'm not in any way
pessimistic about the city

01:40:37.166 --> 01:40:38.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and the future of our community.

01:40:38.966 --> 01:40:41.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
We've learned something
this past year

01:40:41.233 --> 01:40:44.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
about this city
and about our people.

01:40:44.433 --> 01:40:46.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
No matter what confronts us.

01:40:46.233 --> 01:40:47.600 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
We band together.

01:40:47.600 --> 01:40:52.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We muster our resources and
come out ahead in the long run.

01:40:52.400 --> 01:40:55.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Even though the city was facing
a grim economic forecast.

01:40:56.066 --> 01:40:58.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Mayor Win Moses
and his team acted quickly

01:40:58.866 --> 01:41:00.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
to preserve the hard earned

01:41:00.600 --> 01:41:04.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
economic development funds
previously offered to Harvester.

01:41:04.833 --> 01:41:07.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Shortly after the announcement
that the Fort Wayne works

01:41:07.500 --> 01:41:11.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
would close, Karl Bandemer made
a request to the City Council.

01:41:11.900 --> 01:41:16.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
I asked Council to keep in place

01:41:16.066 --> 01:41:22.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the funds that they had that
that we had come up with locally

01:41:22.233 --> 01:41:25.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
for ah for
an economic development effort.

01:41:25.000 --> 01:41:29.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And I believe that the vote
was unanimous.

01:41:29.966 --> 01:41:34.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
With the incentive funds secure,
Fort Wayne was able to get the

01:41:34.000 --> 01:41:38.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
attention of a major employer
with a huge potential project.

01:41:38.000 --> 01:41:39.766 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I got a phone call

01:41:39.766 --> 01:41:41.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
when I was on vacation
from the mayor

01:41:41.566 --> 01:41:44.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and said I had to be
in Indianapolis the next day.

01:41:44.733 --> 01:41:47.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
So I went down,
we met in the governor's office.

01:41:47.433 --> 01:41:49.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
The county was there, other

01:41:49.000 --> 01:41:50.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
people from the city
were there, people

01:41:50.366 --> 01:41:51.066 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
from the state,

01:41:51.466 --> 01:41:53.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and the people from
General Motors were there also.

01:41:53.633 --> 01:41:56.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
General Motors
was looking for a location

01:41:56.233 --> 01:41:57.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
to build a new factory

01:41:57.533 --> 01:42:00.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
for the manufacture of full-size
pickup trucks.

01:42:00.966 --> 01:42:03.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
They presented the state
and local representatives

01:42:03.600 --> 01:42:05.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
with a list of conditions
to meet in order

01:42:05.866 --> 01:42:08.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
to secure the deal
for Fort Wayne.

01:42:08.300 --> 01:42:10.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
This would require an effort
very similar to what

01:42:10.933 --> 01:42:12.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
the city had done to win

01:42:12.333 --> 01:42:16.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the International truck factory
back in the 1920s.

01:42:16.333 --> 01:42:20.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
On August 31, 1984,
just a little over a year

01:42:20.633 --> 01:42:24.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
after heavy duty truck
production stopped at Harvester,

01:42:24.000 --> 01:42:27.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
General Motors announced
it was going to build a 2.5

01:42:27.300 --> 01:42:32.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
million square foot
truck factory in Fort Wayne.

01:42:32.000 --> 01:42:36.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The new plant would employ 3000
workers with an annual payroll

01:42:36.200 --> 01:42:40.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
of over 100 million dollars
flowing into the local economy.

01:42:40.533 --> 01:42:43.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Sixty three years after
the first truck was assembled

01:42:43.666 --> 01:42:46.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
at the new International
Harvester factory in Fort Wayne.

01:42:46.900 --> 01:42:50.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The first pickup rolled off
the assembly line of the new GM

01:42:50.500 --> 01:42:54.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
plant on December 8th 1986
ensuring that Fort

01:42:54.933 --> 01:42:59.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Wayne would remain a “Truck
Town for decades to come.

01:42:59.433 --> 01:43:00.400 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:43:00.800 --> 01:43:03.200 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Even before
the GM plant was announced,

01:43:03.466 --> 01:43:05.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
there were still men and women

01:43:05.066 --> 01:43:07.033 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
working
at the International Harvester

01:43:07.033 --> 01:43:09.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Engineering Center
in Fort Wayne.

01:43:09.400 --> 01:43:12.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They had been spared
from disaster, much

01:43:12.100 --> 01:43:15.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
like how one house
remains intact after a tornado,

01:43:15.533 --> 01:43:18.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
while the house next door
is completely demolished.

01:43:18.833 --> 01:43:20.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
The storm was still swirling
around

01:43:20.866 --> 01:43:23.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
International headquarters
in Chicago.

01:43:23.200 --> 01:43:27.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
In November 1984,
International Harvester Chairman

01:43:27.466 --> 01:43:28.833 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Don Lennox announced

01:43:28.833 --> 01:43:32.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the company had made
the “monumental” decision

01:43:32.433 --> 01:43:35.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to sell the agricultural
equipment division.

01:43:35.766 --> 01:43:39.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The deal with Tenneco,
the maker of Case equipment,

01:43:39.266 --> 01:43:43.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
would give Harvester
430 million dollars, allowing it

01:43:43.800 --> 01:43:47.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to pay off a good portion
of its long term debt.

01:43:47.433 --> 01:43:48.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
When we sold off the Ag
business.

01:43:48.866 --> 01:43:53.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Finally in 84, we were probably
hours away from bankruptcy.

01:43:53.066 --> 01:43:55.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The agreement with Tenneco
also included

01:43:55.233 --> 01:43:58.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the transfer of the “Harvester”
brand name

01:43:58.200 --> 01:44:00.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
along with the farming equipment
business.

01:44:00.566 --> 01:44:04.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This resulted in the corporation
changing its name in 1986.

01:44:04.500 --> 01:44:07.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The company would now
be called Navistar,

01:44:07.466 --> 01:44:08.566 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and the main product line

01:44:08.566 --> 01:44:11.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
would still be branded
as “International” trucks.

01:44:11.700 --> 01:44:15.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Workers in Springfield and Fort
Wayne would now have a new name

01:44:15.400 --> 01:44:16.900 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
on their paychecks.

01:44:16.900 --> 01:44:19.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
When I started,
it was International Harvester.

01:44:19.000 --> 01:44:21.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
My first paycheck
was the International Harvester.

01:44:21.600 --> 01:44:24.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But then very quickly
changed to Navistar.

01:44:24.400 --> 01:44:25.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
But a lot of people didn't
realize,

01:44:25.866 --> 01:44:26.900 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
even in Fort Wayne,

01:44:26.900 --> 01:44:29.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
that this engineering center
was still around.

01:44:29.700 --> 01:44:33.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Not only was the same kind of
engineering design

01:44:33.066 --> 01:44:34.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
and testing being done

01:44:34.300 --> 01:44:36.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
at the Truck Development
and Technology center,

01:44:36.666 --> 01:44:40.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
but the proving grounds
remained in operation as well.

01:44:40.500 --> 01:44:44.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The newly rebranded Navistar
had emerged on the other side

01:44:44.200 --> 01:44:48.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
of the storm, a leaner,
if not stronger, organization.

01:44:48.733 --> 01:44:52.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The corporation had gone from 47
manufacturing facilities

01:44:52.366 --> 01:44:56.766 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
in 1980
down to just 8 plants in 1986.

01:44:56.766 --> 01:44:58.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
we were starting to 
bring people back.

01:44:59.166 --> 01:45:01.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
there was people
who were laid off

01:45:01.600 --> 01:45:03.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
with less than 20 years
experience

01:45:03.300 --> 01:45:05.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that were starting
to get rehired.

01:45:05.466 --> 01:45:07.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Many engineers were able to come

01:45:07.300 --> 01:45:11.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
back and work long careers
for Navistar in Fort Wayne.

01:45:11.033 --> 01:45:14.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The engineering and design
job stayed until 2012,

01:45:14.600 --> 01:45:15.966 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
when operations were moved

01:45:15.966 --> 01:45:18.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
to Navistar headquarters
in Lisle, Illinois.

01:45:18.733 --> 01:45:22.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Fourteen hundred
jobs were affected and only 300

01:45:22.633 --> 01:45:26.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
employees accepted offers
to transfer out of state.

01:45:26.066 --> 01:45:27.466 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
It had been 29 years

01:45:27.466 --> 01:45:30.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
since the last truck
was assembled in Fort Wayne,

01:45:30.100 --> 01:45:31.233 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
but there were still

01:45:31.233 --> 01:45:34.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
important work being done here
during those years.

01:45:34.600 --> 01:45:37.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The proving grounds
continued to test trucks,

01:45:37.533 --> 01:45:41.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
it would be another five years
before the last International

01:45:41.033 --> 01:45:44.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
truck made the final lap
around the track in 2015.

01:45:44.900 --> 01:45:47.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Operations were transferred
to a larger facility built

01:45:47.900 --> 01:45:53.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
by Studebaker near South
Bend, in New Carlisle, Indiana.

01:45:53.400 --> 01:45:55.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
After all was said and done,

01:45:55.333 --> 01:46:00.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
International trucks had a total
run of 92 years in Fort Wayne.

01:46:00.233 --> 01:46:02.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Harvester had said
goodbye to the city,

01:46:02.466 --> 01:46:05.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
but this “Truck Town” wasnt
quite ready

01:46:05.733 --> 01:46:08.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to say goodbye to the
trucks that were made here.

01:46:08.800 --> 01:46:10.500 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:46:10.900 --> 01:46:12.233 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:46:12.233 --> 01:46:13.933 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Those who 
had worked here in Fort Wayne

01:46:13.933 --> 01:46:16.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
felt like the legacy wasnt
being preserved.

01:46:16.933 --> 01:46:19.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Many of the current residents
werent aware of the history

01:46:19.733 --> 01:46:23.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that had taken place here
over the last 100 years.

01:46:23.733 --> 01:46:27.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Something had to be done before
the memories had faded away.

01:46:27.266 --> 01:46:28.833 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
In 2019

01:46:28.833 --> 01:46:30.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
a small group of individuals

01:46:30.566 --> 01:46:32.866 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
started
planning a reunion of sorts,

01:46:32.866 --> 01:46:35.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
to bring those memories back
to the attention of the Fort

01:46:35.966 --> 01:46:37.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Wayne community.

01:46:37.000 --> 01:46:40.566 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Harvester Homecoming

01:46:40.566 --> 01:46:43.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
is really the brainchild
of Ryan DuVall.

01:46:43.600 --> 01:46:46.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
He said, I'd like to do
something to help restore

01:46:46.500 --> 01:46:48.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
and the history here

01:46:48.900 --> 01:46:51.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
in Fort Wayne,
because nobody was doing that.

01:46:51.666 --> 01:46:54.933 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
In June of 2019, planning

01:46:54.933 --> 01:46:57.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
for a Harvester
Homecoming event was underway.

01:46:57.666 --> 01:47:01.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The group began contacting
former employees, Scout

01:47:01.300 --> 01:47:03.533 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
collectors,
and big truck enthusiasts

01:47:03.533 --> 01:47:05.233 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
to bring
their vehicles to the event.

01:47:05.233 --> 01:47:07.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
I could not believe the people

01:47:07.900 --> 01:47:10.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that showed up the first year
for the Harvester Homecoming.

01:47:11.100 --> 01:47:12.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
It was phenomenal.

01:47:12.566 --> 01:47:14.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
You had to wait
to get in the buildings.

01:47:14.600 --> 01:47:15.666 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
I mean, people

01:47:15.666 --> 01:47:19.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
all over the place
and the Scouts that showed up.

01:47:19.166 --> 01:47:22.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The first Harvester
Homecoming in August of 2019

01:47:22.900 --> 01:47:24.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
brought out thousands of people

01:47:24.666 --> 01:47:27.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
wanting to see the hundreds
of vintage International

01:47:27.700 --> 01:47:31.133 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Harvester
Scouts, and trucks on display.

01:47:31.133 --> 01:47:34.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Harvester Homecoming
has become an annual festival

01:47:34.333 --> 01:47:38.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
drawing thousands of enthusiasts
from all across the country.

01:47:38.133 --> 01:47:41.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Navistar responded by loaning
its corporate collection

01:47:41.133 --> 01:47:42.600 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
of historic vehicles.

01:47:42.600 --> 01:47:46.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The festival was even able
to utilize the old Scout factory

01:47:46.066 --> 01:47:48.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
grounds; the vacant
engineering center

01:47:48.600 --> 01:47:51.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
was brought back to life,
as former employees

01:47:51.600 --> 01:47:53.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and their relatives
walked the halls

01:47:53.400 --> 01:47:57.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
once more sharing tales
of what went on at the facility.

01:47:58.566 --> 01:48:00.533 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Harvester
Homecoming was a perfect

01:48:00.533 --> 01:48:04.366 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
name for it
because it wasn't just about

01:48:04.366 --> 01:48:06.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
International Harvester
in Fort Wayne.

01:48:06.666 --> 01:48:07.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
It was about the people.

01:48:07.900 --> 01:48:09.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
It was a family.

01:48:09.433 --> 01:48:12.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
It is like coming home again
and seeing all these people

01:48:12.800 --> 01:48:15.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and the memories
that are out there.

01:48:15.000 --> 01:48:16.533 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
To me,
they were the good old days.

01:48:16.533 --> 01:48:18.400 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
So it's fun.

01:48:18.400 --> 01:48:19.966 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
It's just wonderful to hear

01:48:19.966 --> 01:48:22.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
all the stories
from the different people.

01:48:22.366 --> 01:48:24.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
It's the people, the stories,

01:48:24.266 --> 01:48:25.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
you know, how things

01:48:25.266 --> 01:48:27.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
happened in the plants,
what what was going on?

01:48:27.266 --> 01:48:29.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and what was your relationship
with International or, or,

01:48:29.966 --> 01:48:32.533 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
you know,
how did what job did you do?

01:48:32.533 --> 01:48:33.766 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
The trucks themselves

01:48:33.766 --> 01:48:35.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
can be a source of great
nostalgia,

01:48:35.866 --> 01:48:38.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
especially when
there is a family connection.

01:48:38.433 --> 01:48:43.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
All these old guys would walk up
to one of the old trucks

01:48:43.666 --> 01:48:49.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and spend 15 minutes walking
around it and staring at it. And

01:48:49.333 --> 01:48:51.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I said, “What are you thinking” 
And what is, you know, is

01:48:51.200 --> 01:48:52.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
this bring back memories

01:48:52.566 --> 01:48:54.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and the first words
out of everybody's mouth

01:48:54.600 --> 01:48:58.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
after I ask that question was
“my daddy”.

01:48:58.200 --> 01:49:00.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
“My daddy drove
one of these trucks”.

01:49:00.766 --> 01:49:03.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
“My daddy used to let me ride
in it.

01:49:03.300 --> 01:49:06.166 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
My my daddy”,
whether it was on the farm

01:49:06.166 --> 01:49:09.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
or whether it was
a highway tractor, it was it.

01:49:09.266 --> 01:49:12.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And it's a sentimental
I think that's

01:49:12.300 --> 01:49:15.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
who it is that collects
these old trucks.

01:49:15.466 --> 01:49:17.200 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Is it brings back

01:49:17.200 --> 01:49:18.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
some childhood memories.

01:49:18.466 --> 01:49:19.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
&nbsp;
When you're doing a design,

01:49:19.633 --> 01:49:21.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the last thing in the world
you think about

01:49:21.300 --> 01:49:24.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
is that someone's
still going to appreciate

01:49:24.433 --> 01:49:27.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
or have any interest in it
30 or 40 years later.

01:49:27.933 --> 01:49:29.100 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Theres
not a whole bunch more things

01:49:29.100 --> 01:49:33.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that are more important to me
in my life,

01:49:33.000 --> 01:49:35.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
than preserving
International truck history.

01:49:35.200 --> 01:49:37.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Its what I live
and breathe for.

01:49:37.866 --> 01:49:40.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Harvester Homecoming has plans
for the creation

01:49:40.766 --> 01:49:44.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
of a permanent museum
to spark new connections

01:49:44.000 --> 01:49:47.133 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and memories
for future generations.

01:49:47.133 --> 01:49:49.466 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
That is very important

01:49:49.466 --> 01:49:54.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and I think that's
going to make it live on,

01:49:54.066 --> 01:49:55.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
and I think it will.

01:49:55.266 --> 01:49:58.766 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:49:59.200 --> 01:50:01.866 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
[music]

01:50:01.866 --> 01:50:04.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
For those who spent
a good portion of their lives

01:50:04.700 --> 01:50:09.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
here at the Fort Wayne Works,
the memories remain strong.

01:50:09.633 --> 01:50:10.500 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
I liked it.

01:50:10.500 --> 01:50:13.000 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
I tell you,
I just love the smell.

01:50:13.000 --> 01:50:15.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I like the noise.

01:50:15.133 --> 01:50:16.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
I like the people.

01:50:16.433 --> 01:50:17.633 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
We work hard

01:50:17.633 --> 01:50:19.300 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and sometimes
we would help each other

01:50:19.300 --> 01:50:21.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
because, you know, the line
kept moving.

01:50:21.233 --> 01:50:23.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
People worked hard.

01:50:23.300 --> 01:50:26.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
But we also had
a lot of good times.

01:50:26.500 --> 01:50:29.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We not only worked together,
we played together.

01:50:29.333 --> 01:50:31.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
We had a close relationship.

01:50:31.133 --> 01:50:33.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
There was just
a lot of camaraderie.

01:50:33.466 --> 01:50:35.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Sometimes lifelong friends.

01:50:35.433 --> 01:50:38.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
We all became very tight,
close friends.

01:50:38.233 --> 01:50:39.633 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It was a family here.

01:50:39.633 --> 01:50:43.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
I enjoyed being around them.

01:50:43.466 --> 01:50:51.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
I forgot a lot of their names.

01:50:51.466 --> 01:50:58.466 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
&lt;Music>

01:50:58.466 --> 01:51:01.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
These folks went through
something pretty serious

01:51:01.766 --> 01:51:06.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and a lot of them, you
know, they had been laid off,

01:51:06.266 --> 01:51:08.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
but they loved this company.

01:51:08.800 --> 01:51:12.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And that in that
love of a company,

01:51:12.100 --> 01:51:16.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
you know, you just don't see
that in today's environment.

01:51:16.033 --> 01:51:16.266 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
You know,

01:51:16.666 --> 01:51:18.266 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
it was just a unique time

01:51:18.266 --> 01:51:22.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
in history, I think,
in the history of the company.

01:51:22.166 --> 01:51:25.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It was a great company
to work for.

01:51:25.300 --> 01:51:28.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
It was a tremendous company
to work for.

01:51:28.166 --> 01:51:31.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I was just tickled to have a job
with them.

01:51:31.066 --> 01:51:32.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
A great place to work.

01:51:32.966 --> 01:51:35.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
It was a good place to work.

01:51:35.500 --> 01:51:36.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Good people to work with.

01:51:36.466 --> 01:51:39.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Time I started,
it was like a family.

01:51:39.800 --> 01:51:43.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
I loved working for Harvester.

01:51:43.266 --> 01:51:45.400 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
I still call it
International Harvester,

01:51:45.400 --> 01:51:49.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
even though it changed
to Navistar. But

01:51:49.600 --> 01:51:51.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I'm very proud
to have worked for ‘em.

01:51:51.966 --> 01:51:53.266 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
I loved working here.

01:51:53.266 --> 01:51:55.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It was always my goal
to work at Harvester.

01:51:55.733 --> 01:51:58.333 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
It's just really fun.

01:51:58.333 --> 01:52:02.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And we just really enjoyed
every day and the opportunities

01:52:02.400 --> 01:52:03.933 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and the surprises.

01:52:03.933 --> 01:52:05.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
There are always surprises.

01:52:05.566 --> 01:52:08.100 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Enjoyed
all the years with Harvester.

01:52:08.100 --> 01:52:13.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
It was hard work
but the company treated us well.

01:52:13.366 --> 01:52:16.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It's what kept food on the table
and a roof over my head.

01:52:16.533 --> 01:52:18.766 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Give me my home.

01:52:18.766 --> 01:52:21.866 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
They gave me my food.

01:52:21.866 --> 01:52:24.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I raised three girls,
put them through college.

01:52:24.566 --> 01:52:27.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
I had four babies
and a lovely wife.

01:52:27.100 --> 01:52:30.900 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
And we were
from good old Fort Wayne. And

01:52:30.900 --> 01:52:31.533 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
I was where I

01:52:31.533 --> 01:52:34.533 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
wanted to be, you know?

01:52:34.533 --> 01:52:36.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
And I'm glad I stayed there.

01:52:36.900 --> 01:52:39.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Certainly when I came to Fort
Wayne, Indiana,

01:52:39.600 --> 01:52:43.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
which I knew very little about,
to work for a truck company,

01:52:43.666 --> 01:52:46.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
I assumed I'd be here
two years and go off

01:52:46.033 --> 01:52:50.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
to some wonderful place
like Detroit or something.

01:52:50.033 --> 01:52:53.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And it just kept
getting better and better.

01:52:53.566 --> 01:52:56.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And there was more
and more reason to stay and

01:52:56.700 --> 01:52:58.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
never really seriously
thought about leaving

01:52:58.866 --> 01:53:00.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
when when you come
right down to it.

01:53:00.700 --> 01:53:06.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I can't explain how blessed
we were to have the engineers

01:53:06.633 --> 01:53:11.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
we had and the understanding
they had of the product

01:53:11.600 --> 01:53:13.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in this facility,
in this location.

01:53:13.800 --> 01:53:16.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Very central to my whole life.

01:53:17.000 --> 01:53:19.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I was able to spend 40 years
there

01:53:19.166 --> 01:53:20.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and enjoyed every minute of it.

01:53:20.666 --> 01:53:23.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
I'm so blessed
that I got to experience

01:53:23.500 --> 01:53:26.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that kind of work environment
with those those people.

01:53:26.000 --> 01:53:30.133 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Love them people

01:53:30.133 --> 01:53:35.633 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
and it's
like a home away from home.

01:53:35.633 --> 01:53:41.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I'm just really thankful that I
got the privilege of working at

01:53:41.133 --> 01:53:43.933 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
International
Harvester, Navistar,

01:53:43.933 --> 01:53:48.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and it gave me a good life.

01:53:48.333 --> 01:53:51.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Id say it was probably the

01:53:51.500 --> 01:53:54.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
the best place to work,

01:53:54.933 --> 01:53:59.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and we were very proud
of the product that we produced.

01:53:59.766 --> 01:54:05.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Harvester was my life.

01:54:05.966 --> 01:54:08.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
As long as memories
are passed on

01:54:08.866 --> 01:54:11.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and passionate people
continue to restore

01:54:11.566 --> 01:54:14.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and care for the vehicles
that were born here.

01:54:14.766 --> 01:54:18.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Fort Wayne will
always remain a Truck Town.

01:54:18.366 --> 01:54:29.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
[bittersweet music ends]

01:54:29.666 --> 01:54:32.633 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
[rock music]

01:55:37.766 --> 01:55:41.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
[rock music ends]

01:55:42.900 --> 01:55:46.400 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
[whistle blows]

01:55:52.333 --> 01:55:54.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Truck Town: A History
of International Harvester

01:55:54.600 --> 01:55:57.600 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
in Fort
Wayne was brought to you by

01:55:59.133 --> 01:56:01.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Hanning and Bean -
a commercial real estate

01:56:01.833 --> 01:56:02.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and property management

01:56:03.133 --> 01:56:05.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
firm invested in the development
of Northeast Indiana.

01:56:07.200 --> 01:56:10.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Proud to support PBS Fort Wayne
in preserving

01:56:10.266 --> 01:56:13.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
the legacy
of International Harvester.

01:56:14.066 --> 01:56:17.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
In 1935, Three Rivers
Federal Credit Union began

01:56:17.366 --> 01:56:19.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
as a financial cooperative
for the hardworking

01:56:19.633 --> 01:56:21.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
employees
of International Harvester.

01:56:21.733 --> 01:56:24.000 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Committe
to supporting the people, places

01:56:24.000 --> 01:56:26.300 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
and ideas
that make our region home.

01:56:26.300 --> 01:56:29.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
3Riversfcu.org.

01:56:29.300 --> 01:56:32.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
O'Rourke-Schof
Family Foundation.

01:56:32.333 --> 01:56:35.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Proud to bring the International
Harvester story

01:56:35.300 --> 01:56:38.266 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
to the community.

01:56:39.100 --> 01:56:42.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Additional funding provided by

01:56:42.366 --> 01:56:45.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Koesters Body and Frame Shop,

01:56:45.166 --> 01:56:47.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Selking International Trucks,

01:56:47.733 --> 01:56:50.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and the City of New Haven.