WEBVTT
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- Good evening, everyone,
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and welcome to Crossroads
of Ideas: Can You Dig It?
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I'm Will Cushman,
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a science writer
for University Communications
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within the UW-Madison Office
of Strategic Communication.
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Today's event marks
2024's second installment
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of the Crossroads of Ideas
program series.
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Crossroads of Ideas
is a collaboration
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between the Wisconsin
Institute for Discovery's
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Illuminating Discovery Hub,
UW-Madison,
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and the Morgridge Institute
for Research.
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Before I say more
about this evening's event,
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we will take a moment
to acknowledge the land
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that we occupy here
at the Discovery Building.
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The University
of Wisconsin-Madison
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occupies ancestral
Ho-Chunk land,
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a place their nation
has called Teejop
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since time immemorial.
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In an 1832 treaty,
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the Ho-Chunk were forced
to cede this territory.
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Decades of ethnic cleansing
followed when both the federal
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and state governments tried
repeatedly, but unsuccessfully,
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to forcibly remove the Ho-Chunk
from Wisconsin.
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This history of colonization
informs our shared future
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of collaboration and innovation.
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Today, UW-Madison and all
of its presenting organizations
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respect the inherent sovereignty
of the Ho-Chunk Nation
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and the 11 other First Nations
of Wisconsin.
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Tonight, we are very excited
to host Kallie Moore,
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who is this spring's
Sharon Dunwoody
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Science Journalist in Residence.
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The UW-Madison Science
Journalist in Residence program
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was founded in 1986
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and is hosted by the
School of Journalism
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and Mass Communication
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and the Office
of Strategic Communication.
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We're grateful
to all the partners
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who made tonight's program
possible.
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Speaking of tonight's program,
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since 2017,
Kallie has been a co-host
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and content consultant
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for the PBS Digital Studios
channel Eons.
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The paleontology-focused channel
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features deeply researched,
short episodes
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that investigate scientific
questions about life on Earth.
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From the dawn
of living organisms
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through the age of dinosaurs,
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all the way to the end
of the most recent Ice Age.
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Eons
currently has
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nearly 3 million subscribers
on YouTube.
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In her role at Eons,
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Kallie has explored so many
fascinating questions.
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Questions like, why did
giraffes' necks become so long?
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How did bats gain
the ability to fly?
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And when did humans
stop being naked
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and start wearing clothes?
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In addition to sharing
evolutionary tales on Eons,
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Kallie serves
as collections manager
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or fossil librarian of the
paleontology collection
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of the University of Montana.
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Her debut children's book,
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Tales of the Prehistoric World,
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was released
in the fall of 2022.
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As a tiny bit of an Eons
super-fan myself,
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I am personally thrilled to
have Kallie on campus this week
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to share her expertise,
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both with students
in the journalism school
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and with everyone
gathered here tonight.
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Spending time
with her this week,
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I've been able to witness
how Kallie's energy
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and enthusiasm for fossils,
paleontology,
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and science in general
draws people in.
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It's no wonder that she's
built a successful career
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connecting people to science
through the art of storytelling.
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This evening,
Kallie will be offering
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a behind-the-scenes look
at the production of Eons
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and describing her
winning approach
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to science communication.
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Please join me
in welcoming Kallie Moore.
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[audience applauding]
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- Okay, so I host Eons,
yeah.
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How many of you, just show
of hands, know Eons?
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Oh, yeah,
keep your hands raised.
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How many of you have watched
an actual full episode
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and haven't just heard of it?
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Nice; how many of you have
watched at least five episodes?
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Yeah! Okay, good.
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All right, so most of you
are familiar with Eons.
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I love it.
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For those of you that
are not familiar with Eons,
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you're gonna get a very
in-depth look for it tonight.
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So this is how the talk
is gonna go.
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I'm gonna start with what
is science communication,
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just a brief description.
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Then we're gonna go
into my, kind of,
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personal science
communication journey
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and experience very briefly.
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And then we'll get into the
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behind-the-scenes look
of Eons.
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I'm gonna give you some tips
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for creating effective
science communication,
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and then we're gonna get
into some tricky topics
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and how to navigate them.
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So let's get started
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with science communication,
AKA SciComm.
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And for any students out there
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that are looking to get
into science communication,
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I highly encourage you
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to check out this little
workbook by Eva Amsen.
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It's, like, less than $10,
and it's, like, a workbook
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to help you translate
your science
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into science communication.
04:50.700 --> 04:54.800 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
But she has a really great
definition of what SciComm is.
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And it's basically any form
of communication about science,
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scientists,
and scientific research
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to an audience of people
outside that field of science,
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excluding academic communication
to other scientists.
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So when I go into a classroom
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and talk about dinosaurs,
that's science communication.
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When I talk about dinosaurs
to invertebrate paleontologists,
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that is not
science communication.
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So I'm still talking
to paleontologists
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about paleontology.
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So there is a line to be drawn
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on what counts
as science communication
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and what is just me
communicating science
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to other professionals.
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So how do you SciComm?
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There's basically
three different ways.
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You can talk about it.
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That's my preferred method.
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You can write about it,
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and you can actually
create about it.
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And I don't think a lot
of people think
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about the creating side
of science communication.
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So talking is doing videos,
social media,
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podcasts, demonstrations,
demos, tours,
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those sorts of things.
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Writing, blog, PopSci.
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You can write a book.
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Also, social media has a lot
of writing into it,
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and consulting.
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Creating, though,
is kind of fun,
05:57.966 --> 05:59.366 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
and I like to think about this
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because art is very important
in paleontology.
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Paleo art, that helps people
recognize the ancient past
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and see the animals
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of what they might
have looked like,
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based on our best
scientific hypotheses.
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So this is a shark called
Helicoprion,
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and it was made by Staab Studios
based on artwork
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from paleo artist Ray Troll.
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And it's a very cool...
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It's called the buzzsaw shark
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'cause its lower jaw
and the teeth
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kind of look like
a buzzsaw, right?
06:30.766 --> 06:33.600 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
You can also perform
science communication.
06:33.600 --> 06:37.700 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
So this picture here
is from a body theater,
06:37.700 --> 06:40.566 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
prehistoric body theater where
they're actually acting out,
06:40.566 --> 06:43.233 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
with their bodies,
the end of the Cretaceous,
06:43.233 --> 06:45.233 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
the extinction of the dinosaurs,
06:45.233 --> 06:47.633 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
and then the rebirth
of life after.
06:48.633 --> 06:50.500 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
Then there's also music.
06:50.500 --> 06:53.366 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
So Ray Troll, again, this
paleo artist, he has a band,
06:53.366 --> 06:54.766 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
the Ratfish Wranglers,
06:54.766 --> 06:57.066 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
and they got together with
another guy, Russell Wodehouse,
06:57.066 --> 06:59.733 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
and they created an album
of fossil music.
06:59.733 --> 07:02.333 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
It is the most
adorable thing ever.
07:02.333 --> 07:05.366 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
So many different types
of music on this album,
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including a song
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where they teach you
the geologic timescale.
07:08.866 --> 07:10.900 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So if any of you
are having trouble
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remembering the
geologic timescale,
07:13.733 --> 07:16.966 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
I highly encourage
downloading this album.
07:16.966 --> 07:18.466 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So these are kind of the ways
07:18.466 --> 07:21.100 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
that you can do
science communication.
07:22.533 --> 07:26.700 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
So how did I end up here today
as a science communicator?
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Well, it all started in college.
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I was a big nerd,
07:31.066 --> 07:35.566 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
and I was the assistant curator
of our campus museum.
07:35.566 --> 07:37.700 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
I was the president
of the Earth Science Club,
07:37.700 --> 07:39.100 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
and we did a lot.
07:39.100 --> 07:41.333 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
We were a very active club
when I was president.
07:41.333 --> 07:43.900 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
I was a field assistant for the
St. Louis Science Museum,
07:43.900 --> 07:47.100 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
taking the general public
out to eastern Montana
07:47.100 --> 07:48.900 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
to collect dinosaur bones
07:48.900 --> 07:51.300 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
and learn about the
ancient past there,
07:51.300 --> 07:53.966 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
as well as a summer intern
at Ashfall Fossil Beds
07:53.966 --> 07:56.433 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
where I answered questions
to the general public,
07:56.433 --> 07:59.400 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
I gave geology tours,
and that sort of thing.
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In 2008, I was hired
as the collections manager
08:02.633 --> 08:04.733 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
of the University of Montana
Paleontology Center,
08:04.733 --> 08:06.600 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
which I'll touch on
in just a second.
08:06.600 --> 08:09.300 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
In 2016, I started consulting.
08:09.300 --> 08:12.000 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
I worked for Disney
in Animal Kingdom Park
08:12.000 --> 08:14.300 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
to help renovate
their dinosaur ride.
08:14.300 --> 08:15.500 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
My name's on a plaque.
08:15.500 --> 08:17.100 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
If you go, take a picture of it,
08:17.100 --> 08:19.533 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
tag me on Instagram,
love seeing it.
08:19.533 --> 08:21.533 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
And I also worked on a couple
of TV pitches.
08:21.533 --> 08:23.000 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
They didn't get picked up,
08:23.000 --> 08:26.133 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
but I thought my part of the
pitches were really great,
08:26.133 --> 08:27.333 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
so maybe someday.
08:27.333 --> 08:29.833 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
In 2017, Eons
was launched,
08:29.833 --> 08:32.466 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
and we will definitely go
into that in a lot more detail.
08:32.466 --> 08:35.400 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
And then 2022, my book came out,
my children's book,
08:35.400 --> 08:37.266 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
Tales of the
Prehistoric World.
08:37.266 --> 08:40.033 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
And most recently, I became
an executive producer
08:40.033 --> 08:41.466 align:left position:47.5% line:5% size:42.5%
on
Why Dinosaurs?,
08:41.466 --> 08:43.333 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
a documentary
about the dinosaurs
08:43.333 --> 08:46.600 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
and the people that love them.
08:46.600 --> 08:49.466 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
And this, we are in the
distribution phase.
08:49.466 --> 08:51.000 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
We're trying
to find a distributor
08:51.000 --> 08:53.200 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
for this amazing documentary.
08:53.200 --> 08:56.533 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So hopefully, you all will
be able to see it in person
08:57.533 --> 08:59.833 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
at some point soon.
08:59.833 --> 09:02.366 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
You might be able to catch
a screening somewhere
09:02.366 --> 09:04.233 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
at a paleontological museum,
09:04.233 --> 09:07.033 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
either here in the US
or in the UK
09:07.033 --> 09:09.600 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
if you happen to find yourself
there this summer.
09:09.600 --> 09:12.066 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
So here is my building.
[sighs]
09:12.066 --> 09:15.233 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
This is a scene from
Why Dinosaurs?,
09:15.233 --> 09:19.033 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and I find this building
to be very ugly.
09:19.033 --> 09:21.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Some people like it; I do not.
09:21.566 --> 09:24.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
But it looks very magical
with this picture,
09:24.000 --> 09:27.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the drone image with it
all being snowy and stuff.
09:27.100 --> 09:29.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
But this is where
I spend most of my time,
09:29.333 --> 09:31.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
is down in a
basement collection.
09:31.733 --> 09:33.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
This is our space saver,
09:33.033 --> 09:35.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and all those cases
that you can see
09:35.333 --> 09:37.866 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
house our massive collection.
09:37.866 --> 09:39.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
It's a pretty good-size
collection.
09:39.733 --> 09:43.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The collection spans
over 2 billion years,
09:43.033 --> 09:46.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and over 20 different countries
are represented.
09:46.500 --> 09:49.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
It is slow, but it doesn't need
to be fast,
09:49.500 --> 09:51.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
holding our priceless collection
of fossils.
09:51.666 --> 09:54.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
As my colleague,
physics colleague
09:54.666 --> 09:56.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
in the same basement
always says,
09:56.400 --> 09:59.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"How's your priceless
collection doing today?"
09:59.333 --> 10:01.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But anyways, these two stacks
move back and forth,
10:01.233 --> 10:03.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and this is where
I spend most of my time,
10:03.600 --> 10:05.366 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
windowless basement.
10:06.533 --> 10:09.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But the other part of my job
is outreach.
10:09.200 --> 10:11.333 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
I do a lot of outreach,
10:11.333 --> 10:15.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
including fossil IDs,
lots of fossil IDs.
10:15.533 --> 10:19.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Or actually, should I say,
soul-crushing descriptions
10:19.266 --> 10:22.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
of what is not a fossil
that you have.
10:22.766 --> 10:25.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Very rarely do they
actually bring in fossils.
10:25.266 --> 10:27.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
If I had a dollar
for every dinosaur egg
10:27.300 --> 10:29.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
that I said, "No, it is a rock,"
10:29.733 --> 10:32.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
I wouldn't have to do
much work anymore.
10:33.700 --> 10:35.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
This little kid here,
though, had fossils,
10:35.733 --> 10:38.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
so I'm identifying all
of his fossils for him.
10:38.666 --> 10:40.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
But I do a lot of
fossil identifications
10:40.333 --> 10:42.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
either in person
or through email.
10:44.366 --> 10:46.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The other thing I do is
a lot of guided tours.
10:46.566 --> 10:48.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
We don't have a
natural history museum
10:48.433 --> 10:53.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
or a paleo museum on campus,
but we do have a small atrium
10:53.166 --> 10:54.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in the first floor
of our building
10:54.700 --> 10:56.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
that does have
some display cases,
10:56.533 --> 10:58.400 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
including a T-Rex skull
10:58.400 --> 11:01.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that you can kind of see
over there on the right.
11:02.000 --> 11:04.233 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
And so I do a lot
of K through 12 tours,
11:04.233 --> 11:07.766 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
including the general public,
groups from campus,
11:08.766 --> 11:10.066 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
visitors through the summer
11:10.066 --> 11:11.533 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
that are just passing
through Missoula.
11:11.533 --> 11:12.933 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
They come by,
11:12.933 --> 11:15.700 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
and we talk about the evolution
of life for about an hour.
11:17.766 --> 11:19.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
My preferred form
11:19.233 --> 11:21.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
of science communication
is public lectures.
11:21.566 --> 11:24.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
I literally can
talk about anything
11:24.233 --> 11:26.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
if it's related to paleontology.
11:26.933 --> 11:29.200 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
And this is
from a public lecture
11:29.200 --> 11:31.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that I just gave at the
Museum of the Rockies
11:31.233 --> 11:35.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
in Bozeman, Montana, for their
Valentine's Day event,
11:35.233 --> 11:38.133 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
and it was called
"Fornicating Fossils."
11:38.133 --> 11:41.066 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So let your mind
run with imagination
11:41.066 --> 11:42.900 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
on what that talk included.
11:44.166 --> 11:47.866 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
I also do a lot of, like,
fossil show-and-tells,
11:47.866 --> 11:49.600 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and I go into the classrooms,
11:49.600 --> 11:53.033 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and I consider this,
again, public lectures.
11:53.033 --> 11:54.300 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
This one here,
11:54.300 --> 11:56.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
I was invited to a local
elementary school book fair
11:56.533 --> 12:01.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
where they were selling my book,
and I have a set of fossil casts
12:01.266 --> 12:04.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that go with some of the stories
from my book.
12:04.633 --> 12:07.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
So I sat down,
we read the story,
12:07.000 --> 12:08.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and then we went
through the fossils
12:08.933 --> 12:12.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that went with the story,
and it was a really fun time.
12:12.733 --> 12:14.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
I love this elementary school.
12:14.366 --> 12:16.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
They always invite me
for their book fair.
12:17.533 --> 12:19.233 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So now let's get
into Eons.
12:21.333 --> 12:25.333 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So we have the best URL,
I think, youtube.com/eons.
12:25.333 --> 12:27.833 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
It's so easy, short, sweet.
12:27.833 --> 12:30.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And basically,
join hosts Kallie Moore,
12:30.233 --> 12:33.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Michelle Barboza-Ramirez,
and Blake de Pastino
12:33.133 --> 12:34.533 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
as they take you on a journey
12:34.533 --> 12:35.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
through the history
of life on Earth.
12:35.933 --> 12:38.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
From the dawn of life
in the Archaean Eon
12:38.533 --> 12:41.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
through the Mesozoic Era,
the so-called Age of Dinosaurs,
12:41.000 --> 12:43.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
right up to the end
of the most Ice Age.
12:43.000 --> 12:46.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
I see where you got your
intro from. [laughs]
12:46.300 --> 12:49.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But you can find us anywhere
you can get YouTube.
12:50.500 --> 12:52.666 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
Now, YouTube is
kind of a partnership
12:52.666 --> 12:56.533 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
between PBS Digital Studios
and Complexly.
12:56.533 --> 12:58.466 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
Complexly is a
production company
12:58.466 --> 13:02.566 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
based out of Missoula, Montana,
started by Hank and John Green.
13:02.566 --> 13:04.033 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
This is the production company
13:04.033 --> 13:06.300 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
that has brought you classics
like SciShow
13:06.300 --> 13:08.933 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
and Crash Course,
and Bizarre Beasts.
13:09.933 --> 13:12.400 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
We launched in 2017,
13:12.400 --> 13:15.000 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
and we actually are
the only Complexly show
13:15.000 --> 13:17.066 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
that has launched at VidCon.
13:17.066 --> 13:20.133 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
VidCon is like a YouTube
convention, basically.
13:20.133 --> 13:23.000 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
I think it's morphed more
into, like, social media-a-con.
13:23.000 --> 13:28.066 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
But in the old days, back
in 2017, it was mostly YouTube.
13:28.066 --> 13:31.333 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So we launched at the
Anaheim Convention Center
13:31.333 --> 13:34.700 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
in front of almost 7,000 people.
13:34.700 --> 13:36.033 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
It was a lot.
13:37.033 --> 13:38.233 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
And then the following week,
13:38.233 --> 13:39.633 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
we officially
launched on YouTube.
13:40.633 --> 13:45.300 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
As of the end of February,
we have made 234 episodes.
13:45.300 --> 13:48.366 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
We have 2.89 million
subscribers.
13:48.366 --> 13:52.100 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
We have 650 million
lifetime views,
13:52.100 --> 13:57.600 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
which equals to about
47.1 million hours watched.
13:57.600 --> 14:00.266 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
So a lot of people have
spent a lot of time
14:00.266 --> 14:02.066 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
with our channel,
which is great.
14:03.466 --> 14:06.333 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So when we look at YouTube
specifically,
14:06.333 --> 14:10.000 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
'cause we make content for a lot
of different platforms.
14:11.133 --> 14:14.666 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
In 2023, we had
about 163 million views,
14:14.666 --> 14:16.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
6.8 million hours watched,
14:16.433 --> 14:19.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and we netted about
400,000 subscribers.
14:19.933 --> 14:22.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And if we break that down
between Eons Prime,
14:22.933 --> 14:24.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
that's our long-form content,
14:24.633 --> 14:26.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
that's what we've
refer to it as,
14:26.133 --> 14:29.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and YouTube Shorts,
which is short-form content,
14:29.300 --> 14:34.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
we had 27 uploads on long-form,
71.5 million views,
14:34.366 --> 14:37.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and we netted 241,000
subscribers
14:37.533 --> 14:39.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
from the YouTube side.
14:39.700 --> 14:43.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
From Shorts, we uploaded
77 YouTube Shorts,
14:43.800 --> 14:46.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and they had 92.3 million views.
14:46.866 --> 14:49.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
So we actually had more views
on our Shorts
14:49.333 --> 14:51.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
than we did for our
long-form content,
14:51.500 --> 14:52.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
which is kind of interesting,
14:52.800 --> 14:56.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and it netted us
about 114,000 subscribers.
14:57.366 --> 14:59.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And this is fairly average,
year on year.
14:59.833 --> 15:03.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
So last year looked very similar
to this year's numbers,
15:03.466 --> 15:05.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
so we're staying
pretty consistent.
15:06.633 --> 15:08.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
We also posted 72 TikToks.
15:08.800 --> 15:10.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
And here's our
TikTok numbers too,
15:10.366 --> 15:11.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
in case you were wondering.
15:11.533 --> 15:14.633 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
We have over 365,000 followers
15:14.633 --> 15:17.600 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
and over 7 million likes
on TikTok.
15:17.600 --> 15:20.433 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
We added a new host,
Gabriel Santos,
15:20.433 --> 15:24.633 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
who is in the upper
right-hand corner over there.
15:24.633 --> 15:27.266 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
And he will start
releasing episodes with us
15:27.266 --> 15:28.500 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
with season seven,
15:28.500 --> 15:31.733 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
which will start
probably in the summer.
15:31.733 --> 15:35.800 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
And then our best-performing
video of last year
15:35.800 --> 15:40.433 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
was "The Invisible Barrier
Keeping Two Worlds Apart,"
15:40.433 --> 15:43.066 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
and it already has
17 million views.
15:43.066 --> 15:46.066 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
People were really stoked
to learn about the Wallace line,
15:46.066 --> 15:49.133 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
so if you don't know what
it is, check out the episode.
15:50.966 --> 15:53.666 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
Now, this is not
a YouTube channel
15:53.666 --> 15:55.366 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
that's made
in somebody's basement.
15:55.366 --> 15:57.400 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
It is made in a basement,
15:57.400 --> 16:00.200 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
but the basement
of an old funeral home.
16:00.200 --> 16:03.000 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So I feel like we've
come full circle.
16:03.000 --> 16:05.766 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
We're talking about really,
really dead, ancient life
16:05.766 --> 16:09.400 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
in a building that used to hold
modern, dead humans.
16:09.400 --> 16:12.966 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So it's real fun,
and it's in the basement.
16:12.966 --> 16:15.500 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
So the basement has been
converted into studio spaces.
16:15.500 --> 16:18.333 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
We have five studios
and one podcast studio.
16:18.333 --> 16:19.833 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
But this is the team,
16:19.833 --> 16:22.566 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
especially all the names
over here
16:22.566 --> 16:26.933 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
are the team that makes Eons
happen.
16:26.933 --> 16:28.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
So I'm not just hanging out
with a friend
16:28.733 --> 16:31.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
with an iPhone
and a little box light.
16:31.000 --> 16:36.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
This is a well-funded,
well-staffed operation.
16:38.066 --> 16:40.600 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
So this is how
an episode gets made.
16:40.600 --> 16:43.500 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
The topic is either
pitched by us.
16:43.500 --> 16:45.133 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
We'll find a writer
that we like,
16:45.133 --> 16:47.866 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
somebody that works on geology,
for example,
16:47.866 --> 16:49.966 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
we have a geology writer,
16:49.966 --> 16:52.766 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
and we will be like,
"Hey, we got this idea.
16:52.766 --> 16:54.066 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
Can you pitch it to us?"
16:54.066 --> 16:56.966 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
And so the pitch will
consist about 250 words,
16:56.966 --> 16:58.633 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
kind of give an overview,
16:58.633 --> 17:01.466 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
kinda like the elevator pitch
of the episode,
17:01.466 --> 17:04.766 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
as well as a list of sources.
17:05.766 --> 17:07.833 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
Writers can also
pitch us as well.
17:07.833 --> 17:10.000 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
Some of our long-term writers
17:10.000 --> 17:13.133 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
will pitch us ideas
when they strike.
17:14.133 --> 17:15.600 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
A script can take anywhere
17:15.600 --> 17:17.433 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
from two to three weeks
to develop,
17:17.433 --> 17:19.900 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and our content team
works very closely
17:19.900 --> 17:23.233 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
with most of the writers
to develop these scripts
17:23.233 --> 17:27.000 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
because Eons
is a storytelling channel.
17:27.000 --> 17:28.800 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
We don't do explainer videos.
17:28.800 --> 17:31.133 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
We don't do listicles;
we don't do things like that.
17:31.133 --> 17:34.500 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
We tell stories,
and so we wanna make sure
17:34.500 --> 17:39.000 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
that these scripts have the Eons
vibe throughout them.
17:40.000 --> 17:42.166 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Our scripts are about
1,600 to 1,800 words,
17:42.166 --> 17:45.100 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
and that translates
to about seven to ten minutes
17:45.100 --> 17:47.000 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
on a YouTube video.
17:47.000 --> 17:49.466 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
From there, the script is done,
a table read.
17:49.466 --> 17:52.166 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So we actually have the host
either through Zoom
17:52.166 --> 17:55.266 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
or come into the office
and read through it
17:55.266 --> 17:57.600 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
to make sure the script
is readable.
17:57.600 --> 18:01.266 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
Scripts are very different when
you're just reading on paper
18:01.266 --> 18:03.333 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
versus reading it out loud.
18:03.333 --> 18:04.933 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So we make sure that
there's not, like,
18:04.933 --> 18:07.266 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
five commas in a sentence
or something like that.
18:09.033 --> 18:10.700 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
Then it comes to me
for fact-checking.
18:10.700 --> 18:13.833 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So I fact-check everything
18:13.833 --> 18:15.100 align:left position:40% line:71% size:50%
that Eons
writes.
18:15.100 --> 18:18.566 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So that's including YouTube
scripts, Shorts, TikToks,
18:18.566 --> 18:21.333 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
actually, Shorts and TikToks
are the same thing,
18:21.333 --> 18:24.800 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
and our podcast,
so I check all of those.
18:24.800 --> 18:26.800 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
And that can take me
up to, like, two days,
18:26.800 --> 18:29.466 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
depending on how much time
I have available.
18:29.466 --> 18:34.133 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
But the basics of these scripts
are one to two ideas per script,
18:34.133 --> 18:35.900 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
you don't wanna overload people,
18:35.900 --> 18:38.033 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
and you wanna be
counterintuitive.
18:38.033 --> 18:41.066 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
Obvious answers to questions
make for boring scripts.
18:41.066 --> 18:44.000 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
We don't want that;
we want a twist, right?
18:44.000 --> 18:47.300 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
So a really good example of this
is actually just last week.
18:47.300 --> 18:48.733 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
I had a friend contact me
18:48.733 --> 18:50.666 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
and say, "Hey,
I read in a magazine
18:50.666 --> 18:54.866 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
that elk evolved
from tusked ancestors."
18:54.866 --> 18:56.933 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
And I was like,
"That sounds ridiculous.
18:56.933 --> 18:58.300 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
That can't be right."
18:58.300 --> 19:01.833 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
And I mean, it's oversimplified,
but it is basically right.
19:01.833 --> 19:03.533 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So I looked into it.
19:03.533 --> 19:07.166 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
And when you first have
the oldest artiodactyl,
19:07.166 --> 19:09.366 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
so artiodactyls are
a group of mammals
19:09.366 --> 19:12.500 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
that have even-toed hooves.
19:12.500 --> 19:15.633 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
So pigs, camels, deers,
those types of things.
19:15.633 --> 19:17.866 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
The oldest member of that group
19:17.866 --> 19:21.000 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
that we have evidence for
has well-developed canines.
19:21.000 --> 19:23.933 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
Not tusks, but canines.
19:23.933 --> 19:26.033 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
Through some climate change,
19:26.033 --> 19:28.933 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
we get a very hot,
humid forest environment,
19:28.933 --> 19:31.866 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and at least the deer family
takes off,
19:31.866 --> 19:34.933 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
and we do start
to see tusks develop.
19:34.933 --> 19:38.633 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
And they're about
musk deer-sized
19:38.633 --> 19:40.533 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
in their tusk
and their overall size.
19:40.533 --> 19:42.866 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
Most of them don't
have any headgear yet,
19:42.866 --> 19:44.100 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
just these tusks.
19:44.100 --> 19:45.866 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
They were probably
more isolated,
19:45.866 --> 19:48.666 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and they used the tusks
to fight to the death.
19:49.666 --> 19:53.600 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
More climate change happens,
and things dry out.
19:53.600 --> 19:56.700 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
The forests disappear
and grasslands take over.
19:56.700 --> 20:00.866 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
And as this happens,
we see, at the same time,
20:00.866 --> 20:03.333 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
tusks are starting to disappear.
20:03.333 --> 20:05.700 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
The deer family is
becoming more social.
20:05.700 --> 20:09.700 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
They're living in herds
and headgear starts to evolve.
20:09.700 --> 20:13.933 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So instead of fights to the
death, they have standoffs.
20:13.933 --> 20:15.966 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
"Ooh, your rack
is bigger than mine.
20:15.966 --> 20:18.600 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Never mind, you win."
20:18.600 --> 20:20.233 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
'Cause you don't wanna
kill your neighbor.
20:20.233 --> 20:24.500 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
Survival is best in groups
at this point in time.
20:24.500 --> 20:26.566 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
And so I was blown away.
20:26.566 --> 20:27.733 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
I had no idea,
20:27.733 --> 20:29.733 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
and there happened to be
two relatively new papers
20:29.733 --> 20:33.466 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
that had come out looking
in this transition over time.
20:33.466 --> 20:35.233 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
And so I emailed
our content team.
20:35.233 --> 20:37.533 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
I was like, "Hey,
this is shocking,
20:37.533 --> 20:39.966 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
"and I can just see
all the fun titles
20:39.966 --> 20:42.066 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
that we could come up with
for this."
20:42.066 --> 20:44.666 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
And so that's what I mean
by being counterintuitive.
20:44.666 --> 20:49.300 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
Who would've thought that
deer used to have big canines
20:49.300 --> 20:51.666 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
and fight to the death, right?
20:51.666 --> 20:54.766 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
And then also be
totally devoted to accuracy.
20:54.766 --> 20:57.266 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
Anything you put on the internet
that's wrong,
20:57.266 --> 20:59.733 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
you will be called out
within seconds.
20:59.733 --> 21:01.400 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
I don't care
if your mistake happened
21:01.400 --> 21:02.833 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
over three minutes
into the video.
21:02.833 --> 21:04.433 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
Somehow, somebody will find it
21:04.433 --> 21:07.366 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
within the first five seconds
and tell you.
21:07.366 --> 21:09.800 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So it's very important that
whatever you put out there,
21:09.800 --> 21:13.666 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
especially for science
communication, is accurate.
21:13.666 --> 21:15.833 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
And that's where I come in,
to fact-check.
21:16.833 --> 21:18.000 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Now, for production,
21:18.000 --> 21:20.133 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
we film in our studio
in Missoula, Montana,
21:20.133 --> 21:21.933 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
so in the basement
of the funeral home.
21:21.933 --> 21:24.200 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
And it takes about an hour-ish,
21:24.200 --> 21:26.266 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
depending on how comfortable
you are.
21:26.266 --> 21:27.533 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
So when I first started out,
21:27.533 --> 21:29.233 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
it definitely took me
more than an hour
21:29.233 --> 21:30.533 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
to make a ten-minute video.
21:30.533 --> 21:32.900 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
It was kind of tragic
how long it took.
21:32.900 --> 21:35.466 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
We get it down to about, like,
less than 45 minutes now.
21:35.466 --> 21:37.200 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
We can cruise through it
pretty fast.
21:37.200 --> 21:38.833 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
But this is what our studio
looks like.
21:38.833 --> 21:41.066 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
We shoot on a green screen;
it's real boring.
21:41.066 --> 21:43.633 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
A lot of our fans
want to always see our studio.
21:43.633 --> 21:46.833 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
And we're like, "Here it is;
yep, that's it.
21:46.833 --> 21:48.600 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
It's a green screen."
21:48.600 --> 21:50.966 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
We have a lot of really
expensive equipment in there,
21:50.966 --> 21:52.700 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
but we don't have a set.
21:53.966 --> 21:56.933 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
From there, all that
raw footage is sent
21:56.933 --> 22:02.000 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
to our post-production team,
and that's who cuts the episode,
22:02.000 --> 22:03.933 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
takes out all
of my mistake lines,
22:03.933 --> 22:08.000 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
pulls out the good bloopers,
and the images are added.
22:08.000 --> 22:10.466 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
And this can take
about seven days-ish.
22:10.466 --> 22:14.200 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
It depends on how quickly
we can get images.
22:14.200 --> 22:18.100 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
Sometimes that's the biggest
holdup, is getting the images.
22:19.233 --> 22:20.666 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
From there, a finished,
22:20.666 --> 22:23.533 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
cut episode goes
to our sound editor,
22:23.533 --> 22:26.233 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
and she puts in any
fun little sounds,
22:26.233 --> 22:29.433 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
like birds chirping
when we show a forest scene,
22:29.433 --> 22:32.100 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
and also puts in the music.
22:32.100 --> 22:34.433 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
The final draft
is sent to the team,
22:34.433 --> 22:36.833 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and I also fact-check
the graphics.
22:36.833 --> 22:38.400 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
And the reason why I do that
22:38.400 --> 22:40.733 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
is because of our most
watched episode ever
22:40.733 --> 22:43.566 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
has one of the most
embarrassing mistakes
22:43.566 --> 22:45.066 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
in our channel's history.
22:45.066 --> 22:46.833 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
And that is our
megalodon episode,
22:46.833 --> 22:51.233 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and it has been seen
by 26 million people.
22:51.233 --> 22:53.900 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So fun fact, be sure
to triple-check
22:53.900 --> 22:56.100 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
what your stock image titles are
22:56.100 --> 22:58.700 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
to make sure that they're
actually what they say they are.
22:58.700 --> 23:02.466 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
So in this scene, we're
talking about the blue whale,
23:02.466 --> 23:05.333 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
the biggest thing that has
ever evolved on our planet.
23:05.333 --> 23:09.233 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
And we show a picture of a
blue-colored humpback whale.
23:10.233 --> 23:13.666 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
And there were probably
nine sets of eyes on this video,
23:13.666 --> 23:15.000 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and nobody caught it.
23:15.000 --> 23:16.833 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
But you know who did catch it?
23:16.833 --> 23:19.000 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
Our viewers, immediately.
23:19.000 --> 23:20.666 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
And so in these days,
23:20.666 --> 23:23.500 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
you could get very
harshly penalized
23:23.500 --> 23:26.500 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
from the YouTube algorithm
if you uploaded something
23:26.500 --> 23:28.100 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and then pulled it down
really quickly
23:28.100 --> 23:29.866 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
and then uploaded it again.
23:29.866 --> 23:31.266 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
It's not that way anymore,
23:31.266 --> 23:34.066 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
but we could not risk our views
to pull it down.
23:34.066 --> 23:35.466 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So we just pinned a comment,
23:35.466 --> 23:40.100 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and then lo and behold,
so many people saw it.
23:40.100 --> 23:43.633 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
So anyways, that's what I mean
by triple-check everything,
23:43.633 --> 23:45.133 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
including your images.
23:46.433 --> 23:48.733 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So here's what our audience
kind of looks like.
23:48.733 --> 23:52.200 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
And this is from the
2022 PBS annual survey,
23:52.200 --> 23:55.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
so if any of you actually
answer these surveys,
23:55.933 --> 23:58.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
we use this data, I promise you.
23:58.133 --> 24:00.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So the data that you're seeing
right here
24:00.566 --> 24:03.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
is anybody that said
on that PBS survey
24:03.300 --> 24:07.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
that they watch Eons
often or all the time.
24:07.533 --> 24:10.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
So these are our
core audience members.
24:10.900 --> 24:15.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And you can see, 25 to 34
is kind of our sweet spot,
24:15.133 --> 24:19.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
but really we range anywhere
from 18 to 44 for the channel.
24:19.600 --> 24:25.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Our split on gender is 60% men
and 40% everybody else.
24:25.333 --> 24:27.366 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
And while that sounds, 60/40,
24:27.366 --> 24:30.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
kind of like a uneven split,
for a science channel,
24:30.933 --> 24:32.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
that's really good.
24:32.466 --> 24:35.433 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So if you get into physics
channels and things like that,
24:35.433 --> 24:39.733 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
their splits can be closer
to 80/20 or even 90/10.
24:39.733 --> 24:43.766 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
So having a 60/40 split
is actually pretty good.
24:43.766 --> 24:45.466 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
And then based on race,
24:45.466 --> 24:48.100 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
we definitely are
overwhelmingly white.
24:49.100 --> 24:50.300 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
If anybody has any ideas
24:50.300 --> 24:51.866 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
about how to get a
diverse audience,
24:51.866 --> 24:54.100 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
that's, like, the million-dollar
question for YouTube,
24:54.100 --> 24:55.966 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
so patent that.
24:57.266 --> 24:58.533 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
Where are they?
24:58.533 --> 25:02.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Well, it makes sense that
almost 60% of our audience
25:02.066 --> 25:03.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
is in the United States.
25:03.933 --> 25:07.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
We make it here, we produce it
here; that kind of tracks.
25:07.200 --> 25:08.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
And also, the top states
25:08.900 --> 25:11.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
are some of the states
with the largest populations,
25:11.433 --> 25:13.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
so this is no surprise.
25:13.433 --> 25:18.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Outside of the US, our top
countries are Canada, the UK,
25:18.033 --> 25:20.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
oddly, Germany,
and then Australia,
25:20.833 --> 25:23.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
which every one of those makes
sense, except for Germany,
25:23.866 --> 25:25.933 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
because they're
English-speaking countries.
25:25.933 --> 25:28.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Some of our episodes
have been translated.
25:28.200 --> 25:30.800 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
YouTube does have a
translate feature now.
25:30.800 --> 25:33.500 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
But overwhelmingly, our audience
25:33.500 --> 25:36.033 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
is mostly from
English-speaking countries.
25:37.500 --> 25:39.300 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
This was actually
kind of a shock for us
25:39.300 --> 25:40.900 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
when we first released
Eons.
25:40.900 --> 25:42.700 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
We thought that since
we were gonna be talking
25:42.700 --> 25:44.100 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
about dinosaurs and fossils,
25:44.100 --> 25:48.500 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
that our audience would skew
at least high school or younger.
25:48.500 --> 25:51.666 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
That was made very apparent
wrong
25:51.666 --> 25:53.666 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
within the first few episodes.
25:53.666 --> 25:55.433 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
Our commenters were
saying things like,
25:55.433 --> 25:56.866 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
"Why are you talking down to us?
25:56.866 --> 25:58.100 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
"We're not kindergartners.
25:58.100 --> 26:00.366 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
Like, pick it up, pick it up."
26:00.366 --> 26:04.000 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
And so this survey
that I did in 2019,
26:04.000 --> 26:05.333 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
it was very, very informal.
26:05.333 --> 26:07.433 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
I just put out a link
and was like,
26:07.433 --> 26:11.133 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
"Hey, we wanna know
about you, tell me."
26:11.133 --> 26:12.366 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
And they did.
26:12.366 --> 26:14.500 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
Over 10,000 people
answered my survey,
26:14.500 --> 26:16.833 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
which was way too many people,
26:16.833 --> 26:19.033 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
but I got a lot of good data
out of it.
26:19.033 --> 26:20.233 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
And so as you can see,
26:20.233 --> 26:24.233 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
over 27% already have
their bachelor's degree.
26:24.233 --> 26:28.800 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
And 20%, almost 24%
are currently in college.
26:28.800 --> 26:33.133 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
15% have a master's degree,
and 15% are in high school
26:33.133 --> 26:34.666 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
or have a high school diploma.
26:34.666 --> 26:37.466 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
So we actually have a
fairly educated audience,
26:37.466 --> 26:39.366 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
so we kick it up a notch.
26:40.500 --> 26:43.033 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
Our channel is very
high-level science,
26:44.033 --> 26:47.700 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
but we always define jargon
26:48.900 --> 26:50.400 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
whenever we use it.
26:50.400 --> 26:52.166 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
So let's get into some tips
26:52.166 --> 26:57.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
for creating successful
science communication.
26:57.166 --> 26:59.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
So science communication
in the biz
26:59.933 --> 27:06.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
is known as edutainment,
educating entertainment.
27:06.500 --> 27:09.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
So you want to keep
people's attention.
27:09.600 --> 27:12.466 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
Usually, I would be pacing
back and forth on this stage,
27:12.466 --> 27:15.533 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
but I must stay
with the microphone tonight.
27:15.533 --> 27:19.200 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
And so we wanna be engaging,
we wanna be entertaining,
27:19.200 --> 27:21.166 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
but we also wanna be educating.
27:21.166 --> 27:24.833 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
So science communication
in our world is edutainment.
27:24.833 --> 27:27.166 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
And for us,
that means storytelling.
27:27.166 --> 27:31.400 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So again, Eons episodes have
this very strong narrative.
27:31.400 --> 27:34.133 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
We wanna take you on a journey
through time,
27:34.133 --> 27:37.233 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
through discovery,
through evolutionary history.
27:37.233 --> 27:39.100 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So we're not just
throwing facts at you
27:39.100 --> 27:41.033 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
and seeing what
sticks in your brain.
27:41.033 --> 27:43.700 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
We wanna give you a narrative
and a story.
27:44.700 --> 27:48.133 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So some things that make good
science communication topics,
27:48.133 --> 27:49.766 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and this is gonna be
mostly based
27:49.766 --> 27:51.866 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
in geology and paleontology,
27:51.866 --> 27:55.166 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
but a lot of these will work
for really any of the sciences.
27:55.166 --> 27:58.766 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
Creature features,
so talking about a cool animal.
27:58.766 --> 28:00.733 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
Casual geology,
so I just found out
28:00.733 --> 28:03.200 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
that your Capitol
has a fossil tour
28:03.200 --> 28:04.666 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
for their building stones,
28:04.666 --> 28:08.166 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
and I'm gonna do it tomorrow,
and I'm very excited.
28:08.166 --> 28:09.933 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
Collection and museum features,
28:09.933 --> 28:11.733 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
so if you have access
to a museum,
28:11.733 --> 28:14.100 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
maybe talk about an exhibit.
28:14.100 --> 28:16.133 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
Q&As and replies are wonderful.
28:16.133 --> 28:18.266 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
People love to engage
with your channel,
28:18.266 --> 28:19.900 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
so if you have a Q&A,
28:19.900 --> 28:23.300 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
make sure you reply
to those questions.
28:23.300 --> 28:27.166 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
You can do news, debunking,
so misinformation,
28:27.166 --> 28:29.933 align:left position:37.5% line:5% size:52.5%
listicles,
"Top Three Mammoth Deaths."
28:29.933 --> 28:31.566 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
Yes, that is a TikTok.
28:32.566 --> 28:35.400 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
Tales of discovery,
behind the scenes,
28:35.400 --> 28:38.933 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
so looking at a prep lab
or a regular lab space.
28:38.933 --> 28:40.333 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
I got to go visit the sharks.
28:40.333 --> 28:42.000 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
Oops, I shouldn't
have said that.
28:43.000 --> 28:44.400 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
Behind the scenes, I said that,
28:44.400 --> 28:48.900 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
and then how-to guides, and
personal experiences in science.
28:48.900 --> 28:51.700 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So obviously, even if you've
had negative experience
28:51.700 --> 28:55.666 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
in sciences and have
had toxic office mates
28:55.666 --> 28:58.100 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
or something like that, people
still like to hear about it
28:58.100 --> 29:00.266 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and to know how you overcame.
29:02.100 --> 29:03.433 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
But the most important thing
29:03.433 --> 29:07.233 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
is to have a really good
opening line and intro.
29:07.233 --> 29:09.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
And that's because a view
29:09.033 --> 29:12.233 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
on most platforms
is three seconds.
29:12.233 --> 29:15.800 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
And while that sounds
really fast, it's not.
29:15.800 --> 29:17.433 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
If any of you are
TikTok viewers,
29:17.433 --> 29:19.700 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
think about how fast
you scroll past a video
29:19.700 --> 29:22.700 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
that just remotely doesn't
look interesting to you.
29:22.700 --> 29:25.600 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
A half a second,
a quarter of a second maybe.
29:25.600 --> 29:29.400 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
So three seconds is a lifetime,
at least on TikTok.
29:29.400 --> 29:33.933 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
So having something that
keeps people on your channel
29:33.933 --> 29:37.866 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
or on your content
at least three seconds,
29:37.866 --> 29:39.533 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
you'll get that view.
29:39.533 --> 29:42.533 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
But that all comes from the
opening line and the intro.
29:44.000 --> 29:45.833 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
So here are some helpful tips.
29:45.833 --> 29:49.500 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
Keep it light, keep it casual,
have fun, be humorous.
29:49.500 --> 29:51.366 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
I know from personal experience,
29:51.366 --> 29:53.900 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
when I go to conferences and
I listen to other people talk,
29:53.900 --> 29:56.766 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
if they're using memes,
if they're making people laugh,
29:56.766 --> 29:58.600 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
that means that
people are engaged,
29:58.600 --> 30:00.033 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
and they're gonna
keep listening,
30:00.033 --> 30:01.566 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
and they're gonna
keep walking around.
30:01.566 --> 30:04.133 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
That's why I usually walk
around up and down the stage
30:04.133 --> 30:06.066 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
to keep your eyes
doing something
30:06.066 --> 30:09.633 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
so you're not just staring
at a screen the entire time.
30:09.633 --> 30:11.733 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
You can collaborate
with other SciCommers,
30:11.733 --> 30:15.100 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
but you need
to be very strategic.
30:15.100 --> 30:18.100 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So if you've just launched
your channel about fossils,
30:18.100 --> 30:20.833 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
don't come to Eons
for a collaboration
30:20.833 --> 30:24.266 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
because the collaborations
need to benefit both channels.
30:24.266 --> 30:26.233 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
Obviously, you, ooh, excuse me,
30:26.233 --> 30:30.066 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
you would benefit
from working with Eons,
30:30.066 --> 30:31.566 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
but if you have no audience,
30:31.566 --> 30:35.766 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
how does Eons
benefit from this collaboration?
30:35.766 --> 30:38.166 align:left position:45% line:71% size:45%
Eons
very rarely collaborates at all.
30:38.166 --> 30:41.633 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
We usually only collaborate
within the PBS DS family
30:41.633 --> 30:45.933 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
or within the Complexly family,
and it takes a lot of work.
30:45.933 --> 30:48.933 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So it's gotta be
a real good collaboration.
30:48.933 --> 30:50.366 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So what I suggest
30:50.366 --> 30:53.566 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
is that you find other
science communicators
30:53.566 --> 30:55.266 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
that are at your level,
30:55.266 --> 30:57.800 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
that have a similar amount
of following,
30:57.800 --> 31:00.733 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and that is in the sciences,
but different.
31:00.733 --> 31:03.200 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
So if you do
geology paleo stuff,
31:03.200 --> 31:05.533 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
maybe find a modern biologist.
31:05.533 --> 31:07.533 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
So you know that
your two audiences
31:07.533 --> 31:11.000 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
are already interested in
science, in natural histories,
31:11.000 --> 31:12.700 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
but they might not
have found you yet.
31:12.700 --> 31:15.466 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
And then collaborate
on some cool episode
31:15.466 --> 31:19.100 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
about modern sharks compared
to their ancient ancestors
31:19.100 --> 31:20.266 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
or something like that.
31:20.266 --> 31:21.966 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
So you guys can
share your audiences,
31:21.966 --> 31:24.866 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
and hopefully, both of you
grow your channels.
31:26.500 --> 31:29.633 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
Try to use the native features
built into the apps
31:29.633 --> 31:30.800 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
as much as possible.
31:30.800 --> 31:33.400 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
I know that TikTok
has started to crack down
31:33.400 --> 31:36.100 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
on third-party apps
31:36.100 --> 31:38.233 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
that help you cut
your episodes together
31:38.233 --> 31:40.133 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and then you just upload it.
31:40.133 --> 31:43.966 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
So anytime you can,
anytime you have time,
31:43.966 --> 31:46.400 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
use the native features
built into the app,
31:46.400 --> 31:49.000 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and the algorithm will
definitely work with you.
31:49.000 --> 31:50.666 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
And then like
I mentioned earlier,
31:50.666 --> 31:54.266 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
I may have mentioned it earlier,
I've said this many times today.
31:54.266 --> 31:55.833 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
Your thumbnail and title
31:55.833 --> 31:58.566 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
are the most important part
of your video,
31:58.566 --> 32:01.000 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
hands down,
especially on YouTube.
32:01.000 --> 32:05.833 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
That is your point of contact
with the audience.
32:05.833 --> 32:07.300 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
Are they gonna click on it,
32:07.300 --> 32:09.066 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
or are they not
gonna click on it?
32:09.066 --> 32:11.166 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
And with YouTube,
you can change stuff.
32:11.166 --> 32:14.233 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
So we've had some low-performing
videos from the past
32:14.233 --> 32:15.666 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
where we've actually gone in
32:15.666 --> 32:17.666 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
and changed the thumbnail
and the title,
32:17.666 --> 32:21.200 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and our views shoot up
for that video.
32:21.200 --> 32:22.366 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So it just shows you
32:22.366 --> 32:25.433 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
how important your thumbnail
and title can be.
32:25.433 --> 32:28.633 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
Engagement, again,
ask questions, answer comments,
32:28.633 --> 32:31.266 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
and go into your analytics.
32:31.266 --> 32:35.333 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
TikTok, no, they have no
analytics; it's impossible.
32:35.333 --> 32:37.033 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
They don't even know
what they're doing.
32:37.033 --> 32:39.100 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
But with YouTube and Meta,
32:39.100 --> 32:41.900 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
actually have some pretty good
back-end analytics.
32:41.900 --> 32:43.300 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
And if you're a
science communicator,
32:43.300 --> 32:44.966 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
it probably means
you're a scientist.
32:44.966 --> 32:46.133 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
So look at the data
32:46.133 --> 32:47.566 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
and find out what's
working for you
32:47.566 --> 32:49.166 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
and what's not working for you.
32:50.166 --> 32:53.900 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So I mentioned the algorithm,
and I'm just gonna, ugh.
32:54.900 --> 32:56.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
The algorithm is a thing,
32:56.900 --> 32:59.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and it does what
it's supposed to do.
32:59.133 --> 33:00.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
It does what it's
designed to do,
33:00.733 --> 33:05.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and that's to keep people
on the app as long as possible.
33:05.466 --> 33:07.566 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
And so if your content
is doing that,
33:07.566 --> 33:09.400 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
you're gonna see
your numbers go up.
33:09.400 --> 33:11.266 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
If your content
isn't doing that,
33:12.300 --> 33:13.833 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
your numbers are either
gonna plateau,
33:13.833 --> 33:15.166 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
or they're gonna go down.
33:15.166 --> 33:16.566 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
So it's very unlikely,
33:16.566 --> 33:19.233 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
if you are playing
by the ethic rules
33:19.233 --> 33:23.400 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
of the platform that you're on,
that you're being shadow banned.
33:23.400 --> 33:26.000 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
No, I'm sorry,
your content is getting stale.
33:26.000 --> 33:27.633 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
Freshen it up,
change some stuff up,
33:27.633 --> 33:30.500 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
play with your analytics,
make it better.
33:30.500 --> 33:32.133 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
It's the hard truth, I'm sorry.
33:33.133 --> 33:36.633 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
But I do wanna mention something
that's weirdly happening
33:36.633 --> 33:39.100 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
with social media specifically,
33:39.100 --> 33:44.000 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and this is what I'm calling
social media's beige era.
33:44.000 --> 33:48.800 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So all the platforms are
turning into the same thing.
33:48.800 --> 33:50.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
They all have the
same features now.
33:50.833 --> 33:53.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
There's nothing that
makes any of these apps
33:53.366 --> 33:55.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
any different than the other,
33:55.100 --> 33:58.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
other than the interface,
how you interact with the app.
33:58.533 --> 34:01.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
And 2024, I think,
is gonna be the year
34:01.800 --> 34:03.366 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
that TikTok goes beige.
34:03.366 --> 34:04.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
And the reason for that
34:04.733 --> 34:07.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
is that they're starting
to push long-form content.
34:07.533 --> 34:12.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
They want content that's
between 5 and 30 minutes long.
34:12.066 --> 34:14.466 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
That is YouTube.
34:14.466 --> 34:17.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Stay in your lane,
TikTok, but they're not.
34:17.600 --> 34:19.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
The other thing is they're
pushing is horizontal format,
34:19.800 --> 34:22.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
even though the app
doesn't rotate.
34:22.000 --> 34:24.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
So now you just have a really
tiny horizontal box on top
34:24.766 --> 34:27.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and a whole bunch
of dead screen at the bottom.
34:27.000 --> 34:29.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
What? It makes no sense.
34:29.033 --> 34:31.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And they're also
pushing photo carousels.
34:31.066 --> 34:34.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Hello, Instagram
on TikTok, what?
34:34.000 --> 34:37.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
So my suggestion is
to focus on whatever app
34:37.466 --> 34:39.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
you're getting
the most traction,
34:39.000 --> 34:42.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and then repurpose all that
content for the other apps.
34:42.833 --> 34:45.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
If you're looking at monetizing,
YouTube is where it's at.
34:45.733 --> 34:47.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
TikTok is eh, kind of.
34:48.433 --> 34:50.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Those two platforms
have creator funds
34:50.866 --> 34:53.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
that you can make a little bit
of money, not a lot,
34:53.366 --> 34:55.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
but outside brand deals.
34:56.333 --> 34:58.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Comments.
[sighs]
34:59.833 --> 35:01.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Comments are awful;
they're horrible.
35:01.866 --> 35:03.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
You need to have a tough skin.
35:03.300 --> 35:06.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Especially if you are a woman
or identify as a woman,
35:06.333 --> 35:09.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
it is going to be awful.
35:09.333 --> 35:11.666 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
I almost quit Eons
within the first six months
35:11.666 --> 35:14.800 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
because the comments
were so horrific.
35:14.800 --> 35:16.233 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
Get a banned words list
35:16.233 --> 35:20.166 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
and make it robust,
extremely robust.
35:20.166 --> 35:22.466 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
And what's really funny
is all of these comments
35:22.466 --> 35:24.533 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
that are talking
about my makeup,
35:24.533 --> 35:27.500 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
the only thing that I changed
was my lip color.
35:27.500 --> 35:28.700 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
It was a little bit darker,
35:28.700 --> 35:30.933 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
so it matched something
in my shirt,
35:30.933 --> 35:35.333 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
and people lost their
collective minds
35:35.333 --> 35:39.433 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
about me having a
slightly darker lip shade.
35:39.433 --> 35:41.933 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
This last one,
though, cracks me up.
35:41.933 --> 35:43.666 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
"You look like Napoleon
Dynamite's girlfriend
35:43.666 --> 35:44.833 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
all grown up."
35:44.833 --> 35:46.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
So sometimes they're
creative burns,
35:46.666 --> 35:48.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
and other times
they're really mean,
35:48.266 --> 35:50.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and sometimes
they're really gross.
35:50.033 --> 35:51.533 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
But a banned words list
35:51.533 --> 35:55.700 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
will help growing your audience
into a positive community
35:55.700 --> 35:58.533 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
who downvotes these
horrible comments,
35:58.533 --> 36:02.666 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and they get lost in the mist
of your comments section.
36:02.666 --> 36:05.033 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Our comments section
can be very large.
36:05.033 --> 36:07.833 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
We can get up to, like,
3,000 comments on a video.
36:07.833 --> 36:10.533 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
And so if just five people
downvote something,
36:10.533 --> 36:12.933 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
the likelihood of you seeing it
is fairly low.
36:12.933 --> 36:16.366 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
But I can't go into our
comments section.
36:16.366 --> 36:20.700 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
I know it's a positive place
now, but I just stay away.
36:20.700 --> 36:22.933 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
But some of 'em are funny,
some of 'em are funny.
36:22.933 --> 36:24.133 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
I'll give 'em that.
36:25.433 --> 36:27.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
All right, so let's get
into some tricky topics.
36:27.566 --> 36:32.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Will asked me to put in some
conflict, so here we go.
36:32.433 --> 36:34.800 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
So AI paleo art.
36:34.800 --> 36:38.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
I have three images up here,
and I would love to see hands
36:38.333 --> 36:41.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
for who thinks these images
are AI-generated
36:41.400 --> 36:44.033 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
or just stock images.
36:44.033 --> 36:45.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
So here's the first one.
36:45.366 --> 36:50.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Raise your hand if you think
this is AI art or stock art.
36:50.300 --> 36:51.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Got a couple, couple hands.
36:51.900 --> 36:53.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Don't be shy, it's okay.
36:53.466 --> 36:54.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
You can be wrong;
it's all right.
36:54.866 --> 36:56.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
This is a learning opportunity.
36:56.266 --> 36:59.066 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Okay, this is AI.
36:59.066 --> 37:01.466 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
[grunts]
Yes, I know.
37:02.533 --> 37:03.700 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
How about this one?
37:03.700 --> 37:06.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
Show of hands, AI or stock?
37:07.333 --> 37:08.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Ah, you guys are catching on.
37:08.800 --> 37:10.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
This one's actually stock.
37:10.000 --> 37:11.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
It's just really,
really bad stock.
37:11.400 --> 37:15.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Images of a, [laughs]
of a Stegosaurus.
37:15.633 --> 37:18.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
All right, how about this last
one, little woolly mammoth here?
37:19.900 --> 37:21.066 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
AI?
37:22.066 --> 37:23.233 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5%
Okay, yep.
37:23.233 --> 37:24.400 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
This is also AI art.
37:24.400 --> 37:27.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But still, it's getting
pretty good, right?
37:28.833 --> 37:31.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
So I'm basically
gonna use images
37:31.000 --> 37:33.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and some information
from this article
37:33.200 --> 37:37.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
because I think the writer
did a really good job
37:37.233 --> 37:40.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
at breaking down what
AI can and cannot do,
37:40.400 --> 37:42.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
at least for paleo art
specifically.
37:44.333 --> 37:49.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So in this image, she prompted
AI with sabertooth,
37:49.833 --> 37:55.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and this first hallucination
is from 2022.
37:55.766 --> 37:59.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And this is the first prompt
she ever put into AI art,
37:59.066 --> 38:01.500 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
an AI generator.
38:01.500 --> 38:03.333 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
And what is happening?
38:03.333 --> 38:08.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
However, this next one
is from October of 2023.
38:08.166 --> 38:11.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
So you can see how much
that AI has learned
38:11.433 --> 38:13.900 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
between 2022 and 2023,
38:13.900 --> 38:16.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
which is actually
really shocking, right?
38:17.600 --> 38:20.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
However, it also depends
on what generator you're using.
38:20.866 --> 38:23.000 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
So this is another prompt,
triceratops.
38:23.000 --> 38:24.700 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
And DALL-E got it pretty good.
38:24.700 --> 38:26.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
I mean, that looks like,
okay, that's a Triceratops,
38:26.666 --> 38:29.533 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
but what is going
on with Midjourney?
38:29.533 --> 38:32.033 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
It has no idea
what is happening.
38:32.033 --> 38:35.300 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
And these were put in
on the same day,
38:37.166 --> 38:39.733 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
mid-October of 2023.
38:39.733 --> 38:44.733 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
So some AI generators
can handle paleo art okay,
38:44.733 --> 38:48.933 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
and some cannot
and fail miserably.
38:48.933 --> 38:50.800 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
I mean, like, what?
38:50.800 --> 38:52.200 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
What is that?
38:54.066 --> 38:57.833 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
But also, AI works on data.
38:57.833 --> 39:00.566 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So some of those images that
I showed you to begin with
39:00.566 --> 39:02.466 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
are very popular animals.
39:02.466 --> 39:06.500 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
T-Rex, sabertooth cats,
woolly mammoths.
39:06.500 --> 39:09.333 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
There is a lot of data,
and there's a lot of images
39:09.333 --> 39:13.433 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
for AI to use to generate
the images.
39:13.433 --> 39:16.866 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
But what about stuff
that is not so popular?
39:16.866 --> 39:20.733 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
Who here knows what Opabinia
should look like?
39:20.733 --> 39:21.933 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
All right, a couple of you.
39:21.933 --> 39:24.966 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
Well, AI is not a couple of you
39:24.966 --> 39:27.733 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
because this is what Opabinia
looks like.
39:27.733 --> 39:29.766 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So basically, the only thing
that they got right
39:29.766 --> 39:31.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
was it lives in water.
39:31.733 --> 39:35.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
But what is going on
with the eye on the antenna?
39:35.666 --> 39:37.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Like, I mean, Opabinia
is a
39:37.666 --> 39:40.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
very classic Cambrian animal.
39:40.233 --> 39:42.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
It lived
about 505 million years ago.
39:42.833 --> 39:44.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Their fossils are found
in the Burgess Shale
39:44.666 --> 39:45.966 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
in British Columbia.
39:45.966 --> 39:48.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And it had five eyes,
like, what?
39:48.766 --> 39:51.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And then it had this
weird proboscis thing
39:51.766 --> 39:53.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
with a clasper on the end of it.
39:53.833 --> 39:55.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Like, it was just strange
all the way around,
39:55.633 --> 39:58.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
but even AI had no idea
what was happening.
39:58.333 --> 40:00.800 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So again, AI is a generalist.
40:00.800 --> 40:05.366 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
It can only do what data
is available for it
40:05.366 --> 40:08.666 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
to use to generate these images.
40:08.666 --> 40:10.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
This one is a Gorgonopsid.
40:10.533 --> 40:12.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Who knows what a Gorgonopsid is?
40:12.833 --> 40:14.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
This is what it
actually looks like,
40:14.233 --> 40:16.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
or what we think it looks like.
40:16.366 --> 40:18.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Yeah, so these things are
actually more closely related
40:18.833 --> 40:21.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to us mammals than they are
to reptiles.
40:21.000 --> 40:23.400 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
They show up
kind of in the Permian.
40:23.400 --> 40:24.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
They were very strange.
40:24.566 --> 40:26.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
But what is DALL-E doing?
40:26.933 --> 40:30.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And remember, DALL-E was the
good one with Triceratops,
40:30.566 --> 40:33.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and this is what it came up with
for Gorgonopsid.
40:35.200 --> 40:40.433 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So luckily, with paleo art,
AI is only as good as the data,
40:40.433 --> 40:44.233 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and so there is no way
any current AI generator
40:44.233 --> 40:48.600 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
could hang with new finds,
new discoveries.
40:48.600 --> 40:52.066 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
There's not enough information
out there for it to generate.
40:52.066 --> 40:55.800 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
So we don't have to worry
about people generating AI art
40:55.800 --> 41:00.300 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
for their new species
of Gorgonopsid
41:00.300 --> 41:02.066 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
because they won't work.
41:02.066 --> 41:05.666 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
But we still need to be mindful
of the creatures
41:05.666 --> 41:09.333 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
that there is a lot of data out
there for, the popular kids:
41:09.333 --> 41:12.933 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
T-Rex, Triceratops, woolly
mammoth, sabertooth cats.
41:14.733 --> 41:18.533 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
And we had a recent lesson
on Eons.
41:18.533 --> 41:21.833 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So it's a wonderful Saturday
afternoon in January,
41:21.833 --> 41:25.800 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and all of a sudden,
my phone starts exploding
41:25.800 --> 41:27.800 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
with panicked messages,
41:27.800 --> 41:32.766 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and it all boiled down
to this tweet, this meme.
41:32.766 --> 41:34.500 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
And so we had posted,
41:34.500 --> 41:37.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
just recently,
maybe 24 hours before this,
41:37.333 --> 41:39.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
a YouTube Short
that used AI art.
41:39.800 --> 41:42.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Now, this guy on Twitter thought
that there were four images
41:42.866 --> 41:44.166 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
that were AI art,
41:44.166 --> 41:46.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and his comments section
quickly shut him down,
41:46.133 --> 41:49.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
at least on the Pterosaur
and the theropod over there,
41:49.466 --> 41:50.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
the dinosaurs, actually.
41:51.933 --> 41:55.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
But what we got caught on,
I guess, is the modern animals,
41:55.500 --> 41:57.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
a parrot and a crocodile.
41:57.900 --> 42:00.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And I don't fact-check
those graphics.
42:00.300 --> 42:02.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Maybe I should start;
I don't know.
42:02.166 --> 42:05.000 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
But we do have a anti-AI policy.
42:05.000 --> 42:06.266 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
It is very robust.
42:06.266 --> 42:08.566 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
We do not use it in any way,
shape, or form,
42:08.566 --> 42:09.966 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
and we pay humans.
42:09.966 --> 42:13.233 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
We have a lot of paleo artists
that do amazing work for us.
42:13.233 --> 42:15.733 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
And again, AI art's not
gonna really help us
42:15.733 --> 42:20.033 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
with some unknown species
of fossil.
42:20.033 --> 42:22.533 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So anyways, what did we do?
42:22.533 --> 42:25.800 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
We replied,
and we pulled the image down
42:25.800 --> 42:27.766 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
as soon as it was
brought to our attention,
42:27.766 --> 42:31.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
and I think we've uploaded it
again with corrected images.
42:31.933 --> 42:36.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
So the parrot and the
crocodile were taken out
42:36.300 --> 42:38.833 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
and new ones put in.
42:38.833 --> 42:40.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
But we owned up to our mistake,
42:40.900 --> 42:43.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and we let everybody know
that we are anti-AI
42:43.933 --> 42:47.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and we do pay our paleo artists,
and we love our paleo artists.
42:50.000 --> 42:51.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Luckily, for us, also,
42:52.933 --> 42:55.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
our response was seen way more
42:55.133 --> 42:57.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
than that original meme,
thank goodness.
42:58.766 --> 43:01.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And the response
from our audience
43:01.833 --> 43:04.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
was overwhelmingly positive.
43:04.433 --> 43:06.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
The top comment
and the bottom comment
43:06.333 --> 43:09.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
are two relatively famous
paleo artists.
43:09.533 --> 43:10.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And they're just
like, "Thank you.
43:10.733 --> 43:11.900 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
"Thank you
for acknowledging this.
43:11.900 --> 43:14.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
"Thank you for pulling it down,
43:14.233 --> 43:16.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and I'm glad you were able
to correct it."
43:16.233 --> 43:18.566 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
And then Emily had
a really good idea
43:18.566 --> 43:21.133 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
is making sure when we're
searching our stock images,
43:21.133 --> 43:22.300 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
we're searching for images
43:22.300 --> 43:27.166 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
that were uploaded before 2022
when AI started.
43:28.300 --> 43:31.366 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
So that was our first foray
into AI art.
43:31.366 --> 43:34.300 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
I didn't think it was
gonna happen immediately,
43:34.300 --> 43:36.066 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
but what do you know, it did.
43:36.066 --> 43:41.666 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So if you are working
on stock image sites, be wary.
43:41.666 --> 43:42.933 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
We work with Getty,
43:42.933 --> 43:47.666 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
and Getty has not started
to label AI-generated art.
43:47.666 --> 43:50.900 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
It's still unknown whether
or not it is or it isn't.
43:50.900 --> 43:55.233 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
And so that's why it's helpful
to look for images before 2022.
43:55.233 --> 43:58.700 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
So now let's talk about hoaxed
and poached fossils.
43:58.700 --> 44:01.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And we're gonna start
with this podcast episode,
44:01.933 --> 44:05.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"The Case of the Most
Famous Fake Human Fossil."
44:05.833 --> 44:08.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
And if you're unfamiliar,
this is Piltdown Man.
44:08.433 --> 44:12.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The first fossils of
Piltdown Man were found in 1911
44:12.100 --> 44:15.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and continued to be found
until about 1919.
44:15.233 --> 44:18.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And they were published as
Eoanthropus dawsoni.
44:20.433 --> 44:21.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
Funnily enough, the guy
44:21.966 --> 44:27.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that originally discovered
said fossils died in 1919.
44:27.033 --> 44:28.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
And what do you know?
44:28.200 --> 44:30.466 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
No more fossils were found.
44:30.466 --> 44:34.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And in 1953, they were exposed
as a deliberate fake.
44:34.033 --> 44:36.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
So they figured out that
at least the lower jaw
44:37.700 --> 44:41.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
was from orangutan,
not a human at all.
44:42.300 --> 44:46.566 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
And in 2016, a very
comprehensive paper came out
44:46.566 --> 44:48.666 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
looking at the history
of all the finds,
44:48.666 --> 44:50.700 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
the history of the hoax itself,
44:50.700 --> 44:53.266 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
and who they thought
was the hoaxer.
44:53.266 --> 44:54.866 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
Hoaxster, hoaxer?
44:54.866 --> 44:57.900 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
And it turns out
that Charles Dawson,
44:57.900 --> 45:00.266 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
the guy that found
the original fossils,
45:00.266 --> 45:03.500 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
was more than likely
the guy that faked it.
45:03.500 --> 45:08.233 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
And he was thirsty
for scientific street cred.
45:08.233 --> 45:12.433 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
Like, he wanted it bad,
and so he faked something.
45:12.433 --> 45:15.733 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
Now, this rolls
into a really racist time
45:15.733 --> 45:18.300 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
in human evolution hypotheses.
45:18.300 --> 45:21.500 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
A lot of people
did not want humans
45:21.500 --> 45:25.933 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
to come from small-brained apes
in Africa at all.
45:25.933 --> 45:28.833 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
And they would do anything
to have us come
45:28.833 --> 45:32.233 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
from a large-brain ape
that doesn't exist
45:32.233 --> 45:34.233 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
in Eurasia instead.
45:34.233 --> 45:36.266 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
And so this tied into that
45:36.266 --> 45:39.100 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
kind of racist thinking
of the time.
45:40.100 --> 45:42.100 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
So here's the darker areas
of the skull
45:42.100 --> 45:44.133 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
or the bits and pieces
that they found.
45:45.700 --> 45:46.933 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
And so yeah,
45:46.933 --> 45:49.966 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
we did a whole Eons
podcast episode about that,
45:49.966 --> 45:54.266 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
going through the hoax,
who we thought the hoaxster was,
45:54.266 --> 45:57.433 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
and then kind of touched on the
reason why the hoax happened
45:57.433 --> 45:59.366 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
in the first place.
45:59.366 --> 46:01.766 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
The next one is
"The Giant Dinosaur
46:01.766 --> 46:03.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
that was Missing a Body."
46:03.033 --> 46:04.666 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
This is about Deinocheirus.
46:04.666 --> 46:09.500 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
And in 1965, this massive set
of arms were discovered
46:09.500 --> 46:10.900 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
in the Gobi Desert.
46:10.900 --> 46:12.700 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
And this is the woman
that found them, actually.
46:12.700 --> 46:14.200 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
1965, that's pretty good.
46:14.200 --> 46:17.066 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
There were not a lot of female
paleontologists back then.
46:18.066 --> 46:21.266 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
And in 2009, much later,
46:21.266 --> 46:23.866 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
researchers discovered
a poached skeleton
46:23.866 --> 46:26.900 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
that was missing one hand,
the feet, and the skull.
46:26.900 --> 46:29.266 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So we find with a lot
of poached dinosaurs,
46:29.266 --> 46:33.733 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
that they only take the claws
and the teeth.
46:33.733 --> 46:36.333 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
Both of those things are
fairly relatively small,
46:36.333 --> 46:38.733 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
and they're easy to smuggle
out of these countries.
46:38.733 --> 46:42.100 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
So very rarely do you get
a whole poached skeleton.
46:42.100 --> 46:45.866 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
But if you find just a skeleton
without hands and feet,
46:45.866 --> 46:48.566 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
it's more often
than not, poached.
46:48.566 --> 46:51.866 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
And what was really cool
was in 2011,
46:51.866 --> 46:54.266 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
there was a fossil preparator
46:54.266 --> 46:58.766 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
that got some bones
from a private collector,
46:58.766 --> 47:02.733 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5%
and they matched up
with the poached skeleton.
47:02.733 --> 47:05.133 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
So they could actually
take a single toe bone
47:05.133 --> 47:10.033 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
and fit it right into the matrix
of the poached skeleton.
47:10.033 --> 47:11.900 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
So they knew exactly,
47:11.900 --> 47:14.966 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
those hands and feet
came from this specimen.
47:14.966 --> 47:17.766 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
Luckily, the private owner
was like, "Nope.
47:17.766 --> 47:19.833 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
"I don't want anymore. Take it.
47:19.833 --> 47:21.633 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
"No, you don't have to pay me
or nothing.
47:21.633 --> 47:23.200 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
Bye, don't release my name,"
47:23.200 --> 47:27.533 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
'cause poached specimens is
not a good look for anybody.
47:28.766 --> 47:32.266 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
And then in 2014,
the completed specimen,
47:32.266 --> 47:35.166 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
and it gave us this really
weird-looking dinosaur,
47:35.166 --> 47:38.100 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
and this dinosaur is
about the size of a T-Rex.
47:38.100 --> 47:42.866 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
This is an ornithomimid,
so a plant-eater, basically.
47:42.866 --> 47:44.533 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
But these giant arms, right?
47:44.533 --> 47:46.733 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
And this is kind of what
we think it looks like.
47:46.733 --> 47:49.866 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
But the whole specimen was
repatriated to Mongolia in 2014.
47:49.866 --> 47:51.666 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
So it kind of has
a happy ending.
47:51.666 --> 47:55.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
Not all poached specimens
have happy endings, obviously.
47:55.033 --> 47:57.300 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
A lot of 'em still are
in private collections.
47:57.300 --> 47:58.866 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
But in the case of Deinocheirus,
47:58.866 --> 48:01.233 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
we got this wonderfully
weird dinosaur,
48:01.233 --> 48:03.600 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
and it was sent back
to the country of origin.
48:06.066 --> 48:07.700 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
The last one I wanna talk about
48:08.733 --> 48:11.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
is one that's still going on,
48:11.133 --> 48:13.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and there is not
a happy story yet.
48:13.300 --> 48:16.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"Why We Mostly Don't
Talk About Burmese Amber,
48:16.266 --> 48:17.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
and Here's Why."
48:17.433 --> 48:19.033 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
This was a TikTok.
48:19.033 --> 48:22.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Burmese amber is known
as conflict amber.
48:22.566 --> 48:23.833 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
If you're unfamiliar,
48:23.833 --> 48:27.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Myanmar has had a lot
of troubles for a long time.
48:27.233 --> 48:28.700 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
And in 2017,
48:28.700 --> 48:32.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
the Myanmar government
military forces seized control
48:32.433 --> 48:36.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
of the amber mines from the
Kachin Independence Army.
48:36.366 --> 48:37.833 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
That was not good.
48:37.833 --> 48:43.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
In 2019, the UN reported
human rights violations.
48:43.233 --> 48:46.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
And in 2020, SVP, the Society
of Vertebrate Paleontology
48:46.333 --> 48:50.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
called for a moratorium
on publishing amber material
48:50.833 --> 48:54.333 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
that is 2017 or later.
48:54.333 --> 48:57.100 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
And we really try
to abide by that.
48:57.100 --> 48:58.800 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
And it sucks
48:58.800 --> 49:01.633 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
because the amber that
comes out of Myanmar
49:01.633 --> 49:03.200 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
is from the Cretaceous,
49:03.200 --> 49:06.000 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
and you get amazing
specimens like this.
49:06.000 --> 49:09.033 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
This is a tale of a
non-avian dinosaur,
49:09.033 --> 49:12.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
a little bitty,
not-bird dinosaur.
49:12.700 --> 49:16.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
And it's so well-preserved
you can see the feathers.
49:16.300 --> 49:17.733 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
It's amazing, right?
49:17.733 --> 49:20.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Luckily, this specimen
was published in 2016,
49:20.533 --> 49:23.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
so it's before the
moratorium of 2017,
49:23.033 --> 49:25.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
so we can actually
talk about it.
49:25.066 --> 49:28.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
But basically, anything that
was collected after 2017,
49:28.266 --> 49:32.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and really any papers that
were published 2017 or later,
49:32.233 --> 49:36.133 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
we shy away from 'cause
it's really easy to lie
49:36.133 --> 49:39.400 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
in your supplemental material
and say,
49:39.400 --> 49:40.566 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
"Oh, yeah, don't worry.
49:40.566 --> 49:42.466 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
"Hmm, this was
collected years ago.
49:42.466 --> 49:45.066 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
We just are now getting
around to publishing it."
49:45.066 --> 49:46.633 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
But some of these
pieces of amber
49:46.633 --> 49:49.833 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
can fetch thousands of dollars,
49:49.833 --> 49:52.633 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
and so that's why they've
become so conflicted
49:52.633 --> 49:55.700 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
is because these armies can
sell it, make a lot of money,
49:55.700 --> 49:57.033 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
but when it leaves the country,
49:57.033 --> 49:59.566 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
you're also excluding
local scientists.
49:59.566 --> 50:03.600 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
People that live in the area
that want to study it,
50:03.600 --> 50:05.600 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
they're unable to
because it leaves
50:05.600 --> 50:09.100 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
and goes to a private collector
or a rich institution somewhere.
50:10.633 --> 50:15.333 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
So that's mainly why
we shy away from Burmese amber,
50:15.333 --> 50:20.233 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
and I think a lot of other
places abide by SVP's rule
50:20.233 --> 50:21.700 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
of, nope, don't even touch it.
50:23.033 --> 50:25.666 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Don't make it better
than it is for people to buy,
50:25.666 --> 50:28.900 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
and don't raise more money
for human rights violations.
50:31.233 --> 50:32.400 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Now, let's talk.
50:32.400 --> 50:35.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
This is the end,
problematic scientists.
50:35.533 --> 50:38.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
We run into a lot of this with
our human evolution episodes
50:38.566 --> 50:40.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
because we usually
look at human evolution
50:40.633 --> 50:42.333 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
through a historical lens.
50:42.333 --> 50:46.066 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
And if you are familiar
with old Victorian scientists,
50:46.066 --> 50:50.200 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
you know that a lot of them
had some real awful ideas.
50:51.533 --> 50:54.733 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
This is our "No Single Cradle
of Humankind."
50:54.733 --> 50:57.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
And in this episode,
we talk about
50:57.533 --> 51:00.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
how humans probably evolved
all over Africa,
51:00.833 --> 51:04.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
but there was an idea
that came out about this,
51:04.500 --> 51:08.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
like, now-sunken continent
called Lemuria.
51:08.066 --> 51:11.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Because again, these
researchers did not want humans
51:11.866 --> 51:13.833 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
to come from Africa.
51:13.833 --> 51:15.100 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
So in one of our sentences,
51:15.100 --> 51:17.900 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
we actually edit out
Ernst Haeckel
51:19.166 --> 51:21.233 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
because mainly, it wasn't
critical to the story.
51:21.233 --> 51:22.400 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
It was just a line.
51:22.400 --> 51:24.066 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
So we replaced it
51:24.066 --> 51:27.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
with a more generalized
"one German zoologist"
51:27.766 --> 51:31.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
when we were talking about
this ancient sunken continent
51:31.100 --> 51:33.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
that doesn't exist, Lumeria.
51:33.333 --> 51:36.166 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
So a lot of times, we can
just not give them airtime.
51:36.166 --> 51:39.900 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
If their name and their picture
is not part of the story
51:39.900 --> 51:42.033 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
and we're just
kind of generally talking
51:42.033 --> 51:45.666 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
about the transition of thought,
we just take 'em out,
51:45.666 --> 51:47.966 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
and we don't give them credit.
51:49.666 --> 51:52.133 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
Other times, like this TikTok
51:52.133 --> 51:55.333 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
where we were talking
about Robert Broom.
51:56.966 --> 51:58.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Broom was an interesting guy.
51:58.733 --> 52:04.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
He liked to hunt for fossils
in the nude.
52:04.600 --> 52:08.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So we were basically making fun
of him in this TikTok,
52:08.366 --> 52:12.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
but he was a very
controversial person.
52:12.033 --> 52:13.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
He found a lot of great things,
52:13.633 --> 52:15.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
but he had some
very awful thoughts
52:15.866 --> 52:17.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
about those great specimens.
52:17.833 --> 52:20.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
And so we added a line
to that TikTok.
52:20.833 --> 52:22.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
"Now, before we get
into our story,
52:22.433 --> 52:26.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
"let's undress a difficult
historical truth about Broom.
52:26.133 --> 52:29.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
"He contributed to the early
study of human 'races,'
52:29.166 --> 52:32.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the harmful effects of which
continue to this day."
52:32.466 --> 52:33.633 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
So he basically thought
52:33.633 --> 52:35.233 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
that the different races
of human
52:35.233 --> 52:38.000 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
were actually
different species, bleh.
52:39.166 --> 52:44.900 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So this isn't the end of it,
though, because we wonder,
52:44.900 --> 52:48.100 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
amongst ourselves in Eons
on our content team,
52:48.100 --> 52:49.533 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
is this good enough?
52:49.533 --> 52:56.866 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
Is this gonna, like, stand up
to five to ten years from now?
52:56.866 --> 52:59.033 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
Should we always call them out?
52:59.033 --> 53:00.833 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
Should we stop talking
53:00.833 --> 53:04.300 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
about historical
paleoanthropology altogether?
53:04.300 --> 53:06.366 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
What is right thing to do here?
53:06.366 --> 53:07.666 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
And we don't know.
53:07.666 --> 53:09.600 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
We're still trying
to figure that out.
53:09.600 --> 53:14.333 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
Because even Charles Darwin
and Alfred Russel Wallace
53:14.333 --> 53:19.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
had some pretty terrible ideas
about human evolution,
53:19.733 --> 53:21.100 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and we don't mention them.
53:21.100 --> 53:23.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
So in the barnacle episode,
53:23.300 --> 53:25.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
where if you watch
the bloopers of this,
53:25.533 --> 53:26.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
you'll get to hear my very,
53:26.733 --> 53:29.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
very awful Victorian men
scientist.
53:30.566 --> 53:32.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Oh, my God, it's really bad.
53:32.400 --> 53:33.566 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
It's really bad.
53:33.566 --> 53:34.966 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Anyways, we don't mention it
53:34.966 --> 53:38.066 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
because we're not talking
about humans specifically.
53:38.066 --> 53:39.766 align:left position:30% line:71% size:60%
We're not talking
about human evolution.
53:39.766 --> 53:42.800 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
We were talking about how much
Darwin hated barnacles
53:42.800 --> 53:45.466 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
and the evolutionary history
of barnacles.
53:45.466 --> 53:47.666 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
Same thing
with Alfred Russel Wallace.
53:47.666 --> 53:49.600 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
So this is the
Wallace Line episode.
53:49.600 --> 53:52.700 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
Again, Wallace had some
pretty bad ideas about humans,
53:52.700 --> 53:55.366 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
but since we're not talking
about humans specifically
53:55.366 --> 53:57.833 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
in the episode,
we don't call him out.
53:57.833 --> 54:00.100 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
Should we? Should we have?
54:00.100 --> 54:01.566 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
We don't know.
54:01.566 --> 54:03.933 align:left position:12.5% line:71% size:77.5%
So this is something that we're
still coming to terms with
54:03.933 --> 54:06.733 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
on how to deal with it,
at least on our channel.
54:08.733 --> 54:11.433 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
So with that, I thank you all
for your attention.
54:11.433 --> 54:14.100 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
I thank the University of
Wisconsin for bringing me here
54:14.100 --> 54:15.766 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
and the University of Wisconsin
Foundation
54:15.766 --> 54:17.600 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
for funding this trip.
54:17.600 --> 54:20.266 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
I've had an amazing time
talking to all
54:20.266 --> 54:22.700 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
of the journalism students,
touring campus,
54:22.700 --> 54:25.400 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80%
going to museums, seeing sharks.
54:25.400 --> 54:27.033 align:left position:17.5% line:71% size:72.5%
It's been a wonderful time,
54:27.033 --> 54:29.766 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
and I thank you so much
for your attention.
54:29.766 --> 54:32.266 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65%
[audience applauding]